(HE DOLLAR PER ANNUM INVARIABLY IN ADVANCE.
TOWANDA:
Thursday Morning, October 20, 1859.
Julcdcii
THE LITTLE FELLOW.
Some have thought that in the dawning
Iu our being's freshest glow,
God is nearer little children
Than their parents ever know ;
And that, if you listen sharply,
Better things than you can teach,
And a sort of mystic wisdom,
Trickles through their careless speoch.
How it is I cannot answer-
Bat I know a little child,
Who, among the thyme and clover,
And the bees, was running wild ;
And he came, one summer evening,
With his ringlets o'er his eyes.
And his hat was torn in pieces,
Chasing bees and butterflies.
" Now I'll go to bed, dear mother,
For I'm very tired of play !"
And he said his " Now I lay me,"
In a kind and careless way.
And he drauk the cooling water,
From his little silver cup,
And said, gaily : " When it's morning,
Will the angels take me up ?"
Down lie sank, with roguish laughter,
In his little trundle-bed,
And the kindly god of slumber
Showered the poppies o'er his head.
" What could mean his speaking strangely ?"
Asked his musing mother then—
•' Oh! 'twas nothing but his prattle ;
What could he ol angels ken
There he lies—how sweet and placid—
And his breathing comes and goes
(Like a zephyr.moving soltiy),
And his cheek is like a rose.
Hut she leaned her car to listen,
If bis breathing could be heard—
" Oh !" she murmured, " if the angels
Took my darling at his word !"
Miscellaneous.
The Fate of Franklin.
(The Fox screw discovery vessel, which was sent to the
Arctic regions at the expense of Lady FIEANKLIN to dis
cover traces of the missing expedition of Sir JOHN
FRANKLIN, returned to England on Sept. 21. The follow
ing is Capt. M'CLINTOCK'S official report, by which it
will I* seen the fate ol FRANKLIN and his expedition has
been definitely ascertained.]
It will be remembered that the Fox effected
lier escape out of the main pack in Davis'
Straits, in lat. 63 1-2 dep. N., on the 25th of
April 1858, ufter a Winter's ice drift of 1,194
geographical miles.
The small settlement of Holsteinborg was
reached on the 28th, and such very scanty sup
plies obtained as the place afforded.
On the Bth of May our voyage was recom
menced ; Godhaven and Upernivik visited,
Melville Bay entered early in June, and cross
ed to Cape York by the 26th ; here some na
tives were communicated with ; they immedi
utely recognized Mr. PETERSEN, our intepre
tor, formerly known to them in the Grinnell
expedition under Dr. KANE. .IU reply to onr
inquiries for the Esquimaux dog-driver HANS,
left behind from the Adrancc in 1858, they told
lis that he was residing at Whale Sound. Had
lie beeu there I would most gladly have em
barked him, as his longing to return to South
Greeulaud continues unabated.
On the 12th of July communicated with the
Caje Warrender natives, near Cape llorsburgli
they had not seen any ships since the visit of
the I'far nix in 1854, nor have any wrecks ev
er drifted upon their shores.
It was not until ]he 27th of July that we
reached Pond's Inlet, owing to a most unusu
al prevalence of ice in the northern portion of
Baffin's Bay, aud which rendered our progress
since leaving Holsteinborg one of increasing
struggle. Without steam power we could
have doue uothing. Here alone one old wo
man and a boy were found, but they served to
pilot us up the inlet for 25 miles, when we ar
rived at their villuge. For about a week we
were in constant and most interesting com
munication with these friendly people. Briefly,
the information obtained from them was, that
nothing whatever respecting the Franklin ex
pedition had come to their knowledge, nor had
any wrecks within the last 2U or 30 years
reached their shores.
The remains of three wrecked ships are
known to them ; two ol those appear to have
been the whalers Dexterity aud Aurora, wreck
ed in Aug 1821, some 70 or SO miles south
ward of Poud's Inlet. The third vessel, now
almost buried in the sand, lies a few miles cast
of Cape llav. This people communicate over
land every Winter with the tribes at Igloolik;
they all knew of PARRY'S ships having winter
ed there in 1822-3, and had heard of late years
of Dr. RAE'S visit to Repulse Bav, describing
liis boats as similar to our whale boat, and his
party as living iu tents, within snow-houses,
smoking pipes, shooting reindeer, Ac. None
died. They remained there only one Winter.
No rumor of the lost expedition has reach
ed them. Within Pond's lulet the natives
told us the ice decays an ay every year, but so
long as any remains whales abound. Several
large whales were seen by us, and we found
among the natives a considerable quantity of
whalebone and many narwhals' horns, which
they were anxious to barter for knives, files,
saws, rifles, and wool ; tbey drew us up some
rude charts of the inlet, showing that it ex
pands into an extensive channel looking west
ward iuto Prince Regent's Inlet.
We could not but regret that none of our
own whaling friends—from whom we bad re
cently received so much kinduess—were here
to profit by so favorable au opportunity.—
Leaving Pond's Inlet on the 6th of August we
reached Beechy Island on the 11th, and laud
ed a handsome marble tablet,sent on board for
this purpose by Lady FRANKLIN, bearing an
appropriate inscription to the memory of our
lost countrymen iu the Fnh> o aud Terror,
THE BRADFORD REPORTER.
The provisions and stores seemed in perfect!
order, but a small boat was much damaged
from having been turned over and rolled along
the beach by a storm. The roof of the house
received some necessary repairs. Having em
barked some coals aud stores we stood in need
of and touched at Cape Hotham on the lGth,
we sailed down Peel Strait for 25 miles on the
1 ~th, but finding the remaiuder of this chan
nel covered with unbroken ice, I determined to
make for Bellot Strait on the 19th of August;
examined into supplies remaining at Port Le
pold, and left there a whaleboat, which we
brought away from Cape Ilotham for the pur
pose, so as to aid in our retreat should we be
obliged eventually to abandon the Fox. The
steam launch had been forced higher upon the
beach, and somewhat damaged by the ice.—
Prince Regent's Inlent was unusually free from
ice ; but very little was seen during our run
dowu to Brentford Bay, which we reached on
the 20th of August. Bellot Strait, which
communicates with the Western Sea, averages
one mile in width by 17 or 18 miles in length.
At this time it was. filled with drift ice, but as
the season advanced became perfectly clear ;
its shores are in many places faced with lofty
granite cliffs, and some of the adjacent hills
rise 1,600 feet ; the tides are very strong,
running six or seven knots at the springs.—
On the 6th of September we passed through
Bellot Strait without obstruction, and secured
the ship to fixed ice across its western outlet.
From here, until the 27tb, when I deemed it
necessary to retreat iuto Winter quarters, we
constantly watched the movemeuts of the ice
in the western sea or channel. In mid-chan
nel it was broken up and drifting about ; grad
ually the proportion of water increased, until
at length the icc which intervened was reduced
to three miles in width. But this was firmly
held fast by numerous islets, and withstood
the violence of the Autumn gales. It was
tantalizing beyoud description thus to watch
from day to day the free water which we could
not reach, aud which washed the rocky she re
a few miles to the southward of us ?
During the Autumu attempts were made to
carry out depots of provisions towards the
magnetic pole, but these almost entirely failed
inconsequence of the disruption of the ice to
the southward. Lieut. HOBSOX returned with
his sledge parlies in November, after much
suffering from severe weather, and imminent
peril on oue occasion, when the ice upon which
they were encamped became detached from
the shore, aud drifted ofl' to leeward with
them.
Our wintering position was at the east en
trance to Bellot Strait, in a snug harbor, which
I have named Port Kennedy, ufter my prede
cessor iu these waters, the commander of one
of Lady FRANKLIN'S former searching expedi
tions. Although vegetation was tolerably
abuudant, and our two Esquimaux hunters,
Mr. PETERSEN, and several sportsmen, constant
ly on the alert, yet the resources of the coun
try during 12 1-2 months only yielded us eight
reindeer, two bears, 18 seals, and a few water
fowl and ptarmigau.
The Winter was unusually cold and stormy
Arrangements were completed during the win
ter for carrying out our iutended plan of search.
I felt it to be my duty personally to visit Mar
shal Island, and iu so doing proposed to com
plete the circuit of King William's Island.
To Lieut. IIOBSON I allotted the search of
the western shore of Boothia to the magnet
ic pole, and from Gateshead Island westward
to Wynniatt's furthest. Capt. ALLEN YOUNG,
our sailing master, was to trace the shore of
Prince of Wales' Laud, from Lieut. BROWNE'S
furthest, and also to examine the coast from
Bellot Strait northward, to J AS. Rosa' furth
est.
Early spring journeys were commenced on
the 17th of Feb. 1859, by Capt. YOUNG aud
myself, Capt. YOUNG carrying his depot across
to Prince of Wales' Land, while I went south
ward, towards the magnetic pole, iu the hope
of commuuicatiug with the Esquimaux, and
obtaining such information as might lead us at
once to the object of our search.
I was accompanied by Mr. PETERSEN, our
interpreter, and ALEX. THOMPSON, quatermas
ter. We had with us two sledges, drawn by
dogs. On the 28th of February, when near
Cape Victoria, we had the good fortune to
meet a small party of natives, and were sub
sequently visited by about forty live individn
als.
For four days we remained in communica
tion with them, obtaining many relics, and the
information that several years ago a ship was
crushed by the iee off the north shore of King
William's Island, but that all her people laud
ed safely, and went away to the Great Fish
River, where they died. This tribe was well
supplied with word, obtained, they said, from
a boat left by the white men on the Great Riv
er.
We reached our vessel after 25 (lays' ab
sence, in good health, but somewhat reduced
by sharp marching and the unusually severe
weather to which we had been exposed. For
several days after starting, the mercury con
tinned frozen.
Ou the 2d of April our long-projected Spring
journeys were commenced ; Lieut. HOBSON
accompanied me as far as Cape Victoria, each
of us had a sledge drawn by four men, and an |
auxiliary sledge drawn by six dogs. This was
all the force we could muster.
Before separating we saw two Esquimaux
families living out npon the ice in snow huts ;
from them we learned that a second 6hip had
been seen off King William's Island, and that
she drifted ashore on the Fall of the same
year. From this ship they had obtaiued a
vast, deal of wood and iron.
I now gave Lieut. HOBSON directions to
search for the wreck, and to follow up any
traces he might find upon King William's Is
land.
Accompanied by my own party and Mr.
PETERSEN, I marched along the east shore of
King William's Island, occasionally passing
deserted snow huts, but without meeting any
natives till the Bth of May, when off Cape
Norton we arrived at a snow village contain
ing about thirty inhabitants. They gathered
I about igi without the sligbcst appearand y|
PUBLISHED EVERY THURSDAY AT TOWANDA, BRADFORD COUNTY, PA., BY E. O'MEARA GOODRICH.
" REGARDLESS OF DENUNCIATION FROM ANT QUARTER."
fear or shyness, although none had ever seen
living white people before. They were most
willing to communicate all their knowledge
and barter all their goods, but would have
stolen everything had they not been very close
ly watched. Many more relics of our coun
trjmen were obtained; we could not carry
awuy all we might have purchased. They
pointed to the inlet we had crossed the day
before, and told us that one day's march up it,
and thence four days overland, brought them
to the wreck.
None of these people had been there since
1857-8, at which time they said but little re
uiained, their countrymen haviug carried away
everything.
Most of our information was received from
an intelligent old womau ; she said it was on
the fall of the year that the ship was forced
ashore ; many of the white men dropped by
the way as they went towards the Great Riv
er ; but this was only known to them in the
Winter following, wheu their bodies were dis
covered.
They all assured ns that we would find na
tives upou the south-shore, at the Great Riv
er, arid some few at the wreck ; but unfortun
ately this was not the case. Only one fumily
were met off Poiut Booth, and none at Mon
treal Island or any place subsequently visited.
Point Ogle, Montreal Island, and Barrow
Island were searched without finding anything
except a few scrnps of copper and iron in an
Esquimaux hiding-place.
Recrossing the Strait in King William's
Island, we continued the examination of the
southern shore without success until the 24th
of May, when about ten miles eastward of
Cape Hershell, a bleached skeleton was found,
around which lay fragments of European cloth
ing Upon carefully removing the snow a
smalT pocket-book was found, containing a few
letters. These, although much decayed, may
yet be deciphered. Judging from the remains
of his dress, this unfortunate young man was
a steward or officer's servant, and his position
exactly verified the Esquimaux's assertion, that
thej dropped as as they walked along.
On reaching Cape Hershell next day, we ex
amined Simpson's Cairn, or rather what re
mains of it, which is only four feet high, and
the central stones have been removed, as if by
men seeking something within it. My impres
sion at the time, and which I still retain, is
that records were deposited there by the re
treating crews, and subsequently removed by
natives.
After parting from me at Cape Victoria on
the 28th of April. Lieut HOSBON made for
Cape Felix. At a short distance westward of
it lie found a very large cairn, and close to it
three small tents, with blankets, old clothes,
and other relies, of a shooting or a magnetic
station ; but although the cairn was dug un
der, and a trench dug all around it at a dis
tance of ten feet, uo record was discovered.—
A piece of blank paper folded up was found
in the cairu, and two broken bottles, which
may, perhaps, have contained records, lay be
side it iu some stones which had fallen from off
the top. The most interesting of the articles
discovered here, including a boat ensign, were
brought away by Mr. HOBSON. About two
miles further to the southwest a small cairn
was found, but neither records nor relics ob
taiued. Aoout three miles north of Point
Victory a second small cairn was examined,
but only a brokeu pickaxe aud empty canuis
ter found.
Ou the 6th of May, Lieut, llonsox pitched
his teat beside a large eairu upon Mouut Vic
tory. Lying among some loose stones which
had fallen from the top of this cairn, was found
a small tin case containing a record, the sub
stance of which is briefly as follows :—This
cairn was built by the Franklin expedition, up
011 the assumed site of Sir JAMES Boss' piHar,
which had not been found. The Erebus and !
Terror spent their first Winter at Beechy
Island, after having ascended Wellington
Channel to lat. 72 deg. N, and returned by
the West side of Cornwallis' Island. On the
12th of Sept., 1846, they were beset in lat.
80 05 X., and long. 98 23 W. Sir J. FRANK-
I.IN* died on the 11th of June, 1847. On the
22d of April, 1848, the ships were abandoned
five leagues to the N. X. W. of Point Victo
ry, and the survivors, 105 in number, landed
here under the command of Capt. CROZIER.—
This paper was dated April 25, 1848, and up
on the following day they intended to start
for the Great Fish River. The total loss by
deaths in the expedition up to this date, was
nine officers and fifteen men. A vast quantity
of clothing and stores of all sorts lay strewed
about-, as if here every article was thrown
away which could possibly be dispensed with ;
ph-kaxes, shovels, boats, cooking utensils, iron
work, rope, blocks, canvass, a dip circle, a sex
tant engraved " FREDERIC HORNBV, 11. N." a
small medicine chest, oars, &c.
A few miles southward, across Back Bav, a
second record was found, having been debi
ted by Lieut. GORE and M. DF.S Votes in May,
1847. It affoided no additional information.
Lieut. HOBSON continued his search until
within a few days' march of Cape Herschel,
without finding any trace of the wreck or of
natives. He left full information of his impor
tant discoveries for me; therefore, when re
turning northward by the west shore of King
William's Island. I had the advantage of know
ing what had already been found.
Soon after leaving Cape Herschel the traces
of natives became less numerous and less re
cent, aud after rounding the west point of the
island they ceased altogether. This shore is
extremely low, and almost utterly destitute of
vegetation. Numerous banks of shingle and
low islets lie off it, and beyond these Victoria
Strait is covered with heavy and impenetrable
packed ice.
When in latitude 69 degrees N, and longi
tude 99 degrees aud 27 minutes W., we came
to a large boat, discovered by Lieut. HOBSON*
a few duys previously, as his DOtice informed
me, It appears that this boat had been in
tended for the ascent of the Fish River, but
was abandoned apparently upon a return jour
ney to the ships, the sledge upon which she
was mounted being pointed iD that direction.
Ijbe
wide, was most carefully fitted, and made as
light as possible, but the sledge was of solid
oak, and almost as heavy as the boat.
A large quantity of clothing was found
within her, also two human skeletons. One
of these lay in the after part of the boat, un
der a pile of clothing ; the other, which was
much more disturbed, probably by wild ani
mals, was found in the bow. Five pocket
watches, a quantity of silver spoons and forks,
and a few were also found, but
no journals, pocket-books, or even names upon
any articles of clothing. Two double-barrel
led guns stood upright against the boat's side
precisely as they had been placed eleven years
before. Oue barrel in each was loaded and
cocked ; there was ammunition in abundance,
also thirty or forty pounds of chocolate, some
tea and tobacco. Fuel was not wanting ; a
drift tree lay within oue hundred yards of the
boat.
Many very interesting relics were brought
away by Lieutenant HOBSON, aud some few
by myself. On the sth of June I reached
Point Victory without having found anything
further. The clothing, Ac., was again exam
ined for documents, note-books, Ac., without
success, a record placed in the cairn, and
another buried 10 feet true north of it.
Nothing worthy of remark occurred on my
return journey to the ship, which we reached
on the 19th of June, five days after Lieuten
ant HOBSON.
The shore of King William Island, between
its north aud west extremes, Cajes Felix and \
Crozier, has uot been visited by Esquimaux !
since the abandonment of the Erebus and
Terror, as the cairns and articles lying strewed
about, which are in their eyes of priceless
value, remuin untouched.
If the wreck still remains visible, it is prob
able she lies upou some of the off-lying islets
to the southward between Capes Crozier aud
llerschel.
On June 28, Captain YOUNG and his party
returned, haviug completed their portion of
the search, by which the insularity of Prince
Wales' Laud was determined, and the coast
line intervening between the extreme points
reached by Lieutenants OSBORNE and BROWNE
discovered ; also betweeu Bellot Strait and
Sir JAMES ROSS' furthest iu 1849, at Four
River Bay.
Fearing that his provisions might not last
out the requisite period, Captain YOUNG sent
back four of his men, and for 40 days journey
ed on through fogs and gales with but one
man and the dogs, building a snow hut each
night ; but few men could stand so long a con
tinuance of labor aud privation, and its effect
upon Captain YOUNG was painfully evident.
Lieutenant HOBSON was unable to stand
without assistance, upon his return on bourd ;
he was not in good health when he commenced
his long journey, and the sudden severe ex
posure brought on a serious attack of scurvy,
yet he most nobly completed his work ; and
such facts will more clearly evince the unflinch
ing spirit with which the object of our voyage
lias been pursued in these detached duties thau
any praise of mine.
We were now, at length, all on board .again.
As there were some slight cases of scurvy, all
our treasured resources of Burton ule, lemon
juice and fresh animal food were put into re
quisition, so that in a comparatively short
time all were restored to sound health.
During our sojourn in Port Kennedy we
were twice called upon to follow a shipmate to
the grave. Mr. GEORGE BRANDS, engineer,
died of apoplexy on the 6th of November,
1858. He had beeu out deer shooting several
hours that day, and appeared iu excellent
health.
On the 14th of Jane, 1859. THOMAS BI.ACK
WELI., ship's steward, died of scurvy. This
man had served in two former searching ex
peditions. The Summer proved a warm one ;
we were able to start upon onr homeward voy
age on the 9th of August, and although the
loss of the engine-driver in 1857, and of the
engiueer in 1858, left us with only two stok
ers, wet, with their assistance, I was able to
control the engines and steam the ship up to
Fury Point.
For six days we lay there closely beset,
when a change of wind removing the ice, our
voyage was continued almost without further
interruption to Godhaven, in Disco, where we
arrived on the 27th of August, and were re
ceived with great kindness by Mr. OLICK, In
spector of North Greenland, aud the local
authorities, who obligingly supplied our few
Wants.
The two Esquimaux dog-drivers were now
discharged, and ou the Ist of September we
sailed for England.
From all that can be gleaned from the re
cord paper, and the evidence afforded by the
boat, aDd various articles of clothing and
equipment discovered,' it appears that the
abandonment of the Erebus and Terror had
been deliberately arranged, and every effort
exerted during the third Winter to reuder the
traveling equipments complete.
It is much to be upprehended that disease
had greatly reduced the strength of all on
board, far more perhaps than tluy themselves
were aware of.
The distance by sledge route, from the posi
tion of the ships when abandoned, to the boat
is 65 geographical miles ; and from the ships
to Montreal Island 220 miles.
The most perfect order seems to have exist
ed throughout.
In order to extend as much as possible the
public utility of this voyage, magnetical, me
teorogical, and other observations, subservient
to scientific progress,and for which instruments
were supplied through the liberality of the
Royal Society, have been continually and care
fully taken, aud every opportunity has been
embraced by the surgeon, I). WALKER, M. D.,
of forming complete collections in ail the vari
ous branches of natural history.
This report would be incomplete did I not
mention the obligations 1 have been laid under
to the companions of my voyage, both officers
and meo, by their zealous and unvarying sup
port throughout.
A feeling of entire devotion to the causa,
nbicb J'mNfcu* tin* uobly Plained,
and a firm determination to effect all that men
could do,seems to have supported them through
every difficulty. With lessof this enthusiastic
spirit, aud cheerful obedience to every com
mand, our small nnmber—23 in all—would
not have sufficed for the successful performance
of so great a work.
F. L. M'CLINTOCK, Captain, R. N ,
Commanding the Final Searching Expedition.
The yacht Fox, Y. Y. S., off the Isle of
Wight, Wednesday, Sept. 21, 1859.
Gutta Percha.
In its crude state, Gutta Percha has no re
semblance whatever to India Rubber, nor are
its chemical or mechanical properties the same,
nor does the tree from which it is taken be
long to the same fumily of trets, or grow iu
the same soil ; yet, from the fact that it can
be dissolved, and wrought into water-proof
wares, many, not informed npon the subject,
have incliued to the belief that the two ma
terials are identically, or very nearly the same.
But uothing could be more erroneous, as may
be seen by the following comparisons :
Gutta Percha is produced from the Isonan
dra or Gutta tree ; is a sap of a brownish
color which, wheu exposed to the air, soon
solidifies, and forms the Gutta Percha of com
merce. It is a fibrous material, much resem
bling the inner coat of white oak bark, is ex
tremely tenacious, and without elasticity or
much flexibility ; may be melted and cooled
any number of times without injury for furth
er maunfacture ; is not injured by coming in
contact with grease or other fatty substances ;
resists the actiou of sulphuric, muriatic, and
uearlv every other acid ; is a non-conductor
of electricity, as well us of heat and cold.— |
When exposed to boiling wuter it contra,ts I
and becomes soft like dough, when it may be
moulded into any desirable shape, which it i
will retain when cool ; has an exceedingly fine '
oily grain, and is uot an absorbent, but u per
fect repellant of water.
India Rubber, or Caoutchouc, is produced
from a milk white sap, taken chiefly from the
Scephoca Cahuca tree, which soon coagulates. I
when the whey is pressed out, or dried off by
heat—the residue is the India Rubber of com
merce. It is of a soft gummy nature, not
very tenacious and astonishingly elastic.—
When reduced to a liquid by heut it appears
like tar, and is unfit for further manufacture |
By coining in contact with grease or other fat
ty substances it is soon decomposed, and ruin
ed for further use. If brought iu contact with
sulphuric, muriatic, and other acids it soon
chars it. It is a conductor of heat, cold, and
electricity ; exposed to the action of boiling
water does not lose its elastic properties, in
creases iu bulk and cannot be moulded ; is
not a perfect repellant of water, but more or
less absorbent.
The term ''vulcanized " is applied to fabrics
of Gutta Percha or India Rubber, which have
been cured or tanned, by submitting them to
a high degree of artificial heat ; the object
being to change the nature of the gum, so it
will not afterward be affected by heat and cold.
Gutta Percha is vulcauized for the purpose
of giving it elasticity and pliability, aud is en
tirely free from unpleasant odor ; w ill not de
compose and become sticky under any cireum
stances. Wlien exposed to friction it wears
away dry ; is still a non-conductor, and by
vulcanization is not injured iu its incompara
ble repellant properties.
India Rubber is vulcanized to reduce its
elasticity, and give it more firmness than is
natural to the crude material.
MALLEABLE IRON. —Malleable iron is a trade
name given, not to pure iron, for that is a!
ways malleable, but to articles made of cast
iron which have been subjected to a certain
process, after being cast into their particular
forms, which shall reduce or take away a por
tion of the carbon which they contain, and
they consequently become less brittle, or, in
other words, more tough than cast iron, and,
of course, less liable to break by the wear and
concussion when used. The terra malleable
iron, however, is not very appropriate ; for it
is well known that this is not veiy malleable,
and can bear no comparison with iron in its
pure state, for that valuable property. It
would be more appropriate to call it bastard
steel, which it iu fact is, rather thau malleable
iron.
The best of steel is made by combining pure
iron with carbon The rods of irou are kept
in contact with heated or burning charcoal a
certain length of time, when it is found that
there has become a union of carbon with the
iron, and steel is the result. If it be desira
ble to have a more uniform blending of ihc
iron and carbon, it is broken up and melted in
crucibles, aud from this made iuto rods, and
hence called "cast steel." It would seem,
that, if east iron is a combination of iron and
carbon, iu a greater proportion of carbon than
required for steel, if it should be subjected to
some process that should reduce the carbon to
the true proportions, genuine steel might thus
be produced. It would be thus produced if
the metal when reduced from the ore were
nothing but iron and carbon. Malleable iron,
as stated above, is thus produced, and true
steel would be the result, were it uot for im
purities iu the iron, derived from the ore wheu
melted.
tar A very polite young man, wishing to
ask a young lady if he might speak to her a
few moments, wanted to know "if he could
roll the wheel of conversation around the axle
tree of her understanding a moment." The
poor girl fainted.
The fo'lowing slanderous paragraph
goes unrebuked : A wag has invented a new
telegraph. He proposes to place a line of
women fi:ty steps apart, and commit the news
to the first of them as a secret.
Bay" Charlie, my dear," said a loving
mother to her hopeful son, just budding into
breeches, " Charlie, my dear, come here and
get some candy." " I guess I won't mind it
I now, mother,' repiicd Charlie ; " I've got iu
' icaae tobacco,"
VOL. XX. XO. 20.
Domestic Receipts.
A RICH CORN BREAD. —Take two quarts
corn meal, one quart wheat flour, a little salt,
and four eggs ; add sour buttermilk enough to
form a stiff batter : mix well ; then add two
tea-spoonsful of soda dissolved in a little wurm
water. Stir it well and pour it into greased
pans, so that it will be about two inches thick
when fluked. Bake iu a hot oven till done—
about half au hour.
To MAKE GOOD BREAD. —First, get good
flour. Second, take one quart of flour, scald
it by pouring over it some boiling water.—
Then for each loaf of breud you want to make,
add one pint of cold water ; stir in flour till it
is as thick as cau conveniently be stirred.—
Then put in oue half pint of good hop-yeast
for every four loaves. Set it to rise*over
night, in the morning make up by adding
flour till it is stiff dough. Knead well, mould
into loaves, and, when light, bake it well, and
you will have good bread.
MINCE PIE, SALT BEEF.— BoiI the beef till
very tender, take from the bone, and chop flue;
then to every pound of meat, add one pound
and a half of apples, pared and cored. Chop
both together until the apples are fine, then
to every five pounds of the mixture, add two
tea-spoonsfuls of black pepper, two table-spoon
fuls of allspice, half a pound of resins, one
cup of vinegar, one of molasses, one of dried
blackberries, stewed, aud oue piut of sweet
cream.
PUMPKIN PlE.— Halve the pumpkin, take
out the seeds, wash it clean, aud cut it into
small pieces. These are to be stewed gently
until soft, then drained and strained through
a reive. To one quart of the pulp, add three
pints cream or milk, six beaten eggs, together
with sugar, inace, nutmeg, and ginger, to the
taste. When the ingredients are well mixed,
pour them upon pie plates, having a bottom
crust, aud bake forty minutes iu a hot oven.
BAKED BEANS.— To have a nice dish of
baked beans, parboil half an hour, adding a
little soda ; then pour off the water and rime
them. Add your pork already notched, cov
er them with water, and let them boil an hour,
adding a tea-spoonful of sugar to a quart of
beans. Then put them iu a baking-dish, and
let them brown nicely.
INDIAN TOAST.— Place two quarts of milk
over the fire. When it boils, add a spoonful
of salt, a small lump of butter, two table spoon
fuls of sugar. Have ready in a deep dish six
or eight slices of light Indian bread toasted.—
Pour the mixture over them. Serve hot.
To MARK A BOILED INDIAN MEAL PUDDING.—
Take one qnart of buttermilk, two eggs, one
tea-spoonful of soda, add meal enough to make
a thick batter, tie it tightly in a bag, drop it
in a kettle of boiling water, and let it boil one
hour. Eat it with sauce to suit the taste.
FOR A BAKED PUDDING.— Set to boiling 01 E
quart of sweet milk, then add two eggs well
beaten, with three table-spoonfuls of Indian
meal and one of flour. Bake it three-quart( rs
of an hour. Serve with cream and sugar.
COMMON CAKE— One cup of sugar, two of
cream, one tea spoon of saleratus, three eggs,
aud flour to make it stiff.
COOKIES.— Five enps flour, two of sugar,
oue of butter, one tea spoon saloratus, three
eggs, and caraway. Baked thin.
FRENCH LOAF.— One pound of flour, one of
butter, one of sugar, gill of milk, gill of bran
dy, gill of wine, seveu eggs, as much fruit us
yon please.
JEI.LV CAKE. — One pound of butter, one of
sugar, one of flour, twelve eggs, nutmeg and
rose water. Butter a dinner-plate and bako
thin ; trim the edges with a pen knife.
FRUIT CAKE.— One pound and a half of
flour, one pound of sugar, one-fourth of a
pound of butter, one pint of sweet milk, six
eggs, fruit aud spice as much as you please.
ESSENGF. OF CELERY.— Steep an ounce of
celery seed in half a pint of branuy or vinc
irar. A few drops of this will give a flue
flavor to soups and sauce for fowls.
MUFFINS.— One quart of milk, three eggs,
one cup of melted butter, five table-spoous of
yeast, one tea-spoon saleratus, stir in flour un
til it is a thick batter. To be baked ou u
griddle.
ELECTRICITY IN CATS.— The extraordiuarv
electrical character of the cat is well known.
On a cold bright day, if a eat be stroked, the
hairs of the tur bristle up,and electrical sparks
issue therefrom, accompanied with a slight
crackiir.tr. I' tippears too tl.at the animal
may be so surcharged with electricity that
it will give a severe shock to the holder. In
order to obtain this rexilt, the eat should be
placed on the knees and one hand applied to
its breast, while the other is employed in
stroking its fur. Crackling and sparkles soon
make their appearance, and in a short lime, if
the party continues to stroke the animal, he
will receive a sharp electrical shock that may
tie felt above the wrists. The cat seems to
suffer as much as the experimenter, for on
giving forth the shock she springs to the ground
in terror, and seldom will permit a repetition
of the same process.
SHREWD. —An insurance agent in one of the
cities tell the following iu illustration of the
verdancy of a gentleman in I'ikecounty, Indi
ana, with whom lie had effected a policy of
insurance : —" In the list of printed questions
in the company's blanks there is one like this :
! "Ashes —how kept The Pike county goa
! tleman was burned out, and after the fire dis
i covered this question in his policy, and, resolv
ing to make a sure thing thing of his premium
wrote our informant something in this wise :
" Dear Sir :—1 was burned out ou tlie —-
day of —, and according to your laws, I have
kept the ashes. They ure in barrels ; what
shall I do with them ?"
£3T Jones lie lovej two caaraing g r.s
Jenny Uoaty aud Auua Mat.ou.