; jj IL AR per ANNUM invariably in advance.
TOWANDA:
ftsrsday Morning, January 6, 1859.
I rrr^TFTTTTTTTriv?
I ill i! : !| s § "* !j i
•j4J *V I 3 4 "(i 7.' i
i i,i ii i: 1314 i.i to ii t: is 14 13 is
F 1 1 - 17 I* 19,3>31,25
1 :i 34 56,27 2S J4 35 56,47 ss, was
I VII.. ™J.FT 3I ..1_1... ...|_|_
Li Ij J 3! 3 MJT j... I 2 3 4 3. 6
4 - - ?|. II 15 J 7 ;IO II 15 13
J IJ 14.13 IS 17 L 19 114 13 16|17 LVL9 50
* -I 2 3 54 53 56 31 55 25124 33 56,57 j
™ 4 - - 9 10 II 15 i 4 3 6 7, Si 9 10
I j ift IS 16 17 14 19 'II 15 13,14 IS 16 !7
••-53 34 53 36 I* 19 30 51 53 53*51
j j- a 30 si j* 5i I *Mj®C.
j ,r, ; 1,36 74 9 ;5 3 4'6171 J
•l IISIS M I 910 ll ls'l3 14 13
• . ■' .*• 51 55 33 IS 17 13 I? 5o 51 55
i :3*r s< si:i3,*;rtAs
In . J'Ji, . 1 -- 44-;
I S J 4 s s 7 V. i; l sj S
4|i II 14 IS 14 ,6 71 S 9 10 II IS
1 M 17 I- 19 >1 51 13 14 IS 16 17 I- 19
" 33 34 33 56 57 53 ' 3 51 2 53 54 53 56
I f 54*3: n SM.aS.J_JZ
W ' 1 2 3 4 the. j 1 2' 3
i 7 S 9 I ' II , 4 3 6 7 S 9 I"
13 ' 1 II 13 16 17 14 U 15 13 14 13 IS 17
Ii I 1 7315353 34 53 1419?>51 253 54
- 34 39 V ■■ 23 5S r M 59 30 31
.ertttttb ipottrn.
THE JOLLY MARINER.
It fitjolly mariner
At ever hove a loj ;
He rr hi* trvwtrn. wide and free.
j And always ate hi* prog.
AaJ Wrv-ed his eves, in sailor wise.
.And net or shirked Uia £Tug.
Up .[*'4u this jolly mariner.
Whil*t walking uj> and down
The briny sea has pickled me,
VaJ done me very brown ;
Iv.t here I true*, in these here clothes,
A-craifinj; in the townl"
T:*• tir>t at all these curious things.
That chanced his eye to meet,
thi* utidaunteu manner
Went sailing up the street,
tte* tripping with a little cane,
V dandy ail complete !*•
He stopped—that jolly mariner-
Lad eyed the stranger well:
• What that may I*." he said, say* he,
"Is ai re than 1 can tell;
Kit ne'er before, on sea or ahore,
Was such a heavy swell !**
He met a lady in her hoops.
And thus she heard him hail •
' Vow blow me tisrht- but there's a sight
To manage in a gale I
1 never saw so small a craft
With such a spread o* sail.
tserve the craft before and aft -
She'd make a pretty pruee !**
And there in that improper way .
He spoke about his eyes.
Which mariners are wont to use.
lr. sneer or surprise.
He saw a plumber on a roof.
Who made a mighty din
si ptnate. ahoy !" the rover cried,
I: makes a sailor grin
To see yvu copper-bottoming
Your upper-decks with tin' "
He met a yellow-bear\W man,
Aad asked aU>ut the way :
Ihit sc word could he make out
llf what the chap would y.
Unless be meant to call him name*
By screaming " Nix furstay V
Up spoke this jolly mariner.
Ami to the man said he :
•* I have'nt sailed these thirty year*
I (ton the stormy sea
To tear the shame of scch a name
As 1 have heard front thee!"*
" So lake th4t that-and laid h.m Aat.
Rut soon the man arose.
And beat the jolly mari-er
A crass the jolly nose.
Till he was fain, from very pain.
To yield him to the blows.
Twaa then this jolly mariner.
A wretched jolly tar.
Wbhed he was in a jolly boat
Upon the sea afar.
Or ndinit fast, before the blast.
Upon a single spar!
Twa# then thisjcdlT mariner
Returned acio the ship.
And told unto the wondering et*w
The story of his trip,
W.ih many oaths aad curses, too.
Up-a his wk-ked lip !
A* V ;>;c< so this mariner
la tnwfnl words haraagaed -
K - umbers might be shivered . aad
His W ward scuppers daaged.
(A disiSle curse, and vawLly worm
T .12 being shcH or hanged ')
If ever he—aad here agaia
A dn-adful oath he swoee -
1: ever he. except at sea,
spAe any stranger more.
Or t * son of wvmething—went
U rutsiag ob. the shree !
T r Bxidr? OF Moscow.—Bayard Taylor.
3 u exceedingly interesting letter from Moscow
T *s to account of the great bells of that city
—tag largest ai.d most costly in the work!,
Tie R:<s aa> have a peculiar praoki for large
The largest among them, which is on
'•> c r of the Kremlin, was cast by order of
* Edpress Annie, in 1730, and weighs ooe
iMnrd and twenty too* It t* tweoty-ooe
high, and twenty-one feet in diameter at
bottom. It cost ooe militoa and a half
:i Winr*. There is another beii near it which
tear sixty-four tooa. It takes three
fa to ntsg iu tougae. It is only rung three
= a year, then all hells are silenl. It is
*<i tae Tibrauoa of the air is like the siiaai
drharge of a hundred cannons
A tady the other day asked a yoong
fYit.eatx of onr acquaintance :
j$ rocr wife as pretty as rou are T
M:s? bat she has very pretty taaa
- isterrogatone: by the lady
THE BRADFORD REPORTER.
The Blacksmith; or, My Wife's Cousin.
Some time ago, I called on a cousin of my
wife who resided in the City of Philadelphia.
I had not seeu him for a long time, but having
understood that he was in affluent circumstan
ces, 1 was but little prepared for the condition
in which I found him. Through information
derived from a Philadelphia Directory, 1 went
to one of those alleys with which that city
abounds, and foand his name on a signboard,
associated with that of another man, over a
dark aud dingy shop. The sign purported that!
they were locksmiths aud bell hangers ; also
that locks were repaired and keys fitted. With
out ceremony, I walked iuto the gloomy recess, j
where there was a blacksmith's forge, and
where among several muscular lookiug men,
up to their armpits to work, was, " my wife's
cousin." He received me most cordially, aud
for a moment intermitted filing a huge key on
which he was engaged, and the shake of my
own dexter by one of his broad, brawny hands,
I can liken to nothing nearer than the shock
of a young earthquake.
" Take a seat, take a seat," he observed,
" and just as soon as I finish this key, we'll
make tracks for home."
I, of course, replied that I was in no harry '
and at once became interested in the facile
manner in which he was metamorphosing a
rough c&stiug iuto a finished key. As soon as
it was completed, he washed the worst of the
dirt Irom his hands, huug up his work apron,
and then putting ou his coat and hat remark
ed in a cheerful tone :
"Come, now Cousin Aleck, let's go and see
whether wife has got any tea for us V
After we were in the street, our conversa
tion insensibly rau on business, aud I took occa
sion to say to him that I had been of the opiu
ion that be had retired from his trade on a
handsome competency. " Don't say a word
about retirement," he replied, "it nearly makes
uie sick to think of it. People talk of retiring
from business while they are healthy and able
to work ; why, I tell you Aleck they don't
know what it means. I did'ut know what it
meant until 1 tried it, but now retirement and
misery sound, to my ears, like words of about
the same meaning V
Perceiving that he had struck a subject on t
which he could easily be communicative. I looked
inquiringly, when he rejoined. " Perhaps you
never heard the particulars of mv retiring."
On mv re* Iviug that I had not, he proceed
ed :
" Yon see, Aleck, it is about three years
ago, that having as you would say, a compe
tency, I made up tuy m : nd to stop work, and
move iuto the country. So I S4>ld out uiv share
of the business to my partner, spent a year or
more or looking at two or three score ot coun
try places, and at last tound one that uiy wife
and myself were considerably pleased with.
Fine double house, four acres beautifully shaded,
vegetable garden not to be beat, and soil of a
superior quality. The place is still in my pos
session,but before 1 would iro atal liveou it.l'd
give it away; yes. Aleck, I'd sink in the mid
die of the Dead Sea. But lam getting a little
ahead of my story. For two or three months
matters and thiogs went on we!!, becaase I'had
something to attend to ir. making a few little
improvements about the house, and in furnish
ing a number of the doors with locks of my
own inveution ; but as the whole premises were
iu excellent repair when 1 bought theui, I soon
came to a point where there was nothing to
look after but the cultivation of the garden. I
was not long though iu makiug the discovery
that I had uo genius or taste either for diggiug
around roots, or pulling up weeds, and so as
wife didn't wish the garden to ruu to waste. 1
employed a regular English gardener to carry
the thing handsomely through.
"Weli, I don't mind the expenses he put me
too in the way of guano, new fangled gardeu
tools, and patent wateriug apparatus ; for 1
bad fully expected to spend aiouey, and thanks
to our previous ecooomj, we had money to
spend ; but, Aleck, it was really very auiusmg
to sec what the fruit aol vegetables raised
from the garden stood us in. Makiug use of
the little arithmetic I was master of. I recollect
that 1 cyphered up the cost of svjuie of the ta
ble fix ins, and the result was—encumbers, sev
enteen ceuts a piece : green peas, a dollar and
and three quarters for a half peck ; currauts,
fifty cents a quart ; raspberries, thirty cents a
pint : beets, fourteen cents each, and every
thing else in proportion. AII this I cared no
thing about ; but somehow I felt out of my
gearing in not having the right kiud of empioy
useut Wife did ber best to coax aie into gen
tlemanly ways ; had the old mechanhal griuie
all thoroughly scrubbed oat of my bands—
finger na;K cleaned out and rounded —so as to
make it appear that 1 had never done manual
labor.
"Then we mast go behind a coople of M or
gan ponies which I had purchased, and to
make fashionable calls in the day time on those
who had called on us ; and my wife wanted
me to soften down my voice and to be particu
iar about my grammar, and the I talk
ed ou; but sometimes forgetting mysei' I would
revel in the proud memory of the iixks and
keys I bad haudled in banp*er days and com
meoee a history of my exploits in that iiue,
when my wife woithl look as tbousrh she was
going to sink through the floor. In fact she
wished to keep a perpetual lock ou my lip (so
far as our antecedents were concerned ) with
the kev in ber pocket. But I sighed for the
shop, and time hnug $o heavily on my band,
thai an hour spent in stopid Hstlessness about
the bouse seemed longer to me than a day did.
wheu I had orders ahead for locks, aad was
driving hard to get them fiuished at a certain
time My youngest brother, who is a college
bred mac. and a lawyer, sent me, at my request,
a fine collection of books on many imaginable
subjects, so that my library outabooe that of
the parson and indeed any other man in the
place ; bat I found I had no more uste to s:
down and read them than I had for trimming
currant busheo. Time was. after I had finished
a hard day's labor at the shop, whea an hour
at books was a real saiace. and I also be :ie*ed
an ocrasioo of improvement. Theu 1 envied
these whese leisure allowed the® to fesst oo
PUBLISHED EVERY THURSDAY AT TOWANDA, BRADFORD COUNTY, PA., BY E. O'MEARA GOODRICH.
books perpetually ; but the mistake 1 made
was in failing to discriminate between mental
habits and requirements of the professed stu
dent as those of the working man.
"In this wretched condition did time at my
country seat drag heavily along. Visiting
w as a perfect bore, for not feeling the slighest
iuterest in soch masculine topics as corn.grubs
and manure, and caring less for the femiuine
ones of dress and local gossip, I did not know
what to talk about. Books set me to sleep,
and not having the society of my two boys,
who were off at a boarding school. I became
fully satisfied that "nothing to do" was equal
to having everything to suffer.
" My most delightful place of resort was a
blacksmith's shop some two miles from the
house, where occasionally I would handle the
hammer, and clang a little on the anvil, but my
wife making the discovery one day that my
hands were getting grimy again, I was obliged
to own up to the cause of it, and this to my
sorrow was succeeded by a positive prohibition
ou her part from my taking any further exer
cise at forge. After this, when I would some
time ride past the shop behind my prancing
Morgan horse, the tears would start in my eyes
at my being debarred the only emlpoyment
which was in the least adapted to my taste or
capacity.
" But, Cousin Aleck, to shorten my story,
wife perceiving my uuhappiness was increasing,
at last consented to move back to town, and
let me resume my business. I had no difficulty
in renewing my engagement with my old part
ner, and hence you see me hard at work and
happier thau the President. lam perfectly
able, in a pecuniary point of view, to live with
out work, but I have learned to mv satisfac
tion two important truths : First, that we nev
er enjoy ourselves so well as when we are use
fully employed ; and secoud, that there is no
occupation on the whole globe for which we
arc so well fitted, as that to which we have
been so long accustomed, and which has heuce
become to us, as it were a second nature."
1 was much pleased with the good sense of
" my wife's cousin" as evinced in the small sec
tion of his autobiography which he had given
me, and very soon after he had finished it, we
reached his dwelling. If his shop was dingy
i there was no diuginess here. The edifice was
built on the Philadelphia style, having a large
dining room back of the two parlors, and a
noble kitchen in the rear of the dining room.
The w hole floor, as well as the airy and pleas
aut bed rooms above stairs, were probably
adorned with a better description of turuiture
than was owued by the Governor of Pennsyl
vania. Everything was in perfect order, and
although the blacksmith's wife was rather up
pish in her notiuus, I soon perceived she was a
caiwtul housekeeper, and that my frieud was
proud of his house, and proud of his two sous
who had come from boarding school to speud
the vacation.
I found that these lads were quite intelligent
aad that they were both intended for the
learned professions. While oue of them enter
tained me with some music on a parlor organ,
the worthy smith begged me to excuse him for
a few moments, after which he appeared in
perfectly clean linen, an i a suit of dainty black
We supped at a table spread wiih the utmost
profusion, and in the evening some company
1 eomiug in, conversation and music filled up the
passing hour. I was deeply interested, and
concluded that "my wife's cousin," the lock
smith and bell hanger, was a wise man, and
that unwittingly he had discovered the true
; philosopher's stone. Daily work was to him
as necessary as his daily bread, and the toil of
, the shop ouly served to enhance the pleasures
and recreations of a refined ami happy home.
Ou taking ray leave, I realized that I had been
taught a valuable lesson :
Employment is the healthy lot of life. ni
' be that would seek happiness m a slate of per
petual repose, betrays a profound ignorance of
the beneficent laws which govern his beiug.
SIJGTTT MISCONCEPTION*.—Numerous are the
' blunders of freshly imported servants, but the
one we are now alwat to re'ate. which occur
red recently at Buffalo city, appears to be the
latest. A family eugaged the services of a
aervant gir! who breathed the sweet accents of
the Green Isle of the sea. and whose single
hearted simplicity was only equalled by her good
nature and anxiety to please.
'* Old Whity," was a venerable charger and
uad won the right of indulgence by years ot
faithful service, and being a favorite, was al
lowed the free aud unrestricted range of the
back yard. Ooe day Bridget was directed to
do the ironing, and hang the different articles
on the clothes-horse iu the rear of the house
She proceeded cheerfully with her duty, aud
after it was completed, ber mistress weut be
low to ascertain how well the task was doue
Bndirvt looked weary and oat of patience.
i "Did you put thea all on the horse ?" inqui
red the lady.
"Faith I did. and a mighty troublesome sea
son I had with him. sure. What with bob
bing his bead, and frf*ksn- his tail, the clothes
kent sliding off. bet 1 fixed the cravthur, so 1
. did"
Oppressed by a well defined foreboding, her
mistress hastened to the back yard, aud there
s:d "Old Whity" looking extremely sheep
ish, enveloped in sheets and pillow case* : long
stock, ngs hanging pendant from his ears; shirts
Led around bis neck by the arm, making him
, look like an overgrown lad with a b;bon. *L e
his stump of a uul served for a staff, fixni
which numerous cambric handkerchiefs diop
' ped sadly and fodont Bridget had "fixed the
craythar." for she had fastened the baiter to
a high limb of a picm tree, and • Old Whity"
• could hardly move his head. The old horse
now secured in the barn on ironing day.
j Ax Irish lady in her will ordered her body
to be opened after ber death, as she was afraid
s of being beried aire.
Piccs gentleman—"My boy !my boy—
roa should not go fishing cm the Sabbath "It
cmnN be no barm, sir ; I ar'tst catched aoth
tag r
" RESARDLESS OF DENUNCIATION FROM ANT QUARTER."
A Boy's Trials.
The Springfield Republican has a capital
article on this subject. Here are some ex
tracts :
HIS REGULATIONS WITH THE " OLD iIAX."
We suppose that the hrst severe trial a boy
has to undergo is to submit his will to the old
man, whom he is taught to consider his father.
To be restrained in doors at night, to be for
bidden to go in swimming five times a day, or
to be hindered from pinching the rest of the
children for fnu, is an interference with natu
! ral inalienable rights, every way injurious to
the feeling. And then, when upon some over
| whelming temptation, the boy asserts his inde
pendence of parental control, and receives a
"tanning," with a switch, from a quince bush,
either upon his back or bare feet, it becomes
really a very serious thing. We never coufd
see that the smart of an operation like this was
at all assuaged by the affectionate assurance
that it was bestowed out of pure love.
SITTING WITH THE GIRLS.
The next great trial of the boy is to be
obliged by a cruel master to sit with the girls
at school. This usually comes before the de
veiopement of those undeniable affiuities which,
in after life, would tend to make the puoish
meut more endurable. To be pointed out as a
"gal boy," to be smiled at grimly by the mas
ter, who is so far delighted with his own in
effable pleasantry as to give the little boys
license to laugh loud, and to be placed by the
side of a girl who had no handkerchief, and
no knowledge of the use of that article, is, we
submit, a trial of no meau magnitude. Yet we
have been there and have been obliged to "sit
close, with big Rachel, laughing and blushing
till we came to hate her name. We wonder
where the overgrown frowzy creature is now,
and what the condition of her head uow is f*
THE FIRST LONG TAILED COAT.
We do not believe that auv boy ever put on
his first long tailed coat without a sense of
shame. He first twists his buck half off looking
at it in the glass, and then when he steqr* out of
doors it seems to hiin as if all creation was iu
a broad grin. The sun laughs iu the sky ; the
cows turn to look at him ; there are faces at
every window ; his very shadow mocks hitn.
Wheu he walks by the cottage where Jaue
lives,he dare not look up for his life. The very
boards creak with consciousness of the strange
spectacle, and the old pair of pantaloons that
stop a light in the garret window, noi with
derision. If he is obliged to pass a group of
men and boys, the trial assumes its most terri
fic stage. His legs get all mixed up with em
barrassment, aud the tisp of the dangling ap
pendage is felt upon them, moved by the wind
ot his own agitation ; he could not feel worse
were it a dish , loth, worn as a badge of disgrace.
It is a happy time for him wheu he gets to
church and sits down with the coat tails under
him ; but he is still apprehensive with think
ing of the Snnday-sdiool. and wonders if auv
of the children will ask him to " swicg his
long tai! blue."
GOI.VG HOME WITH THE CIRLS
The entrance into society maybe said to take
place after boyhood has jmssed awav, yet a
multitude take the initiative before their beards
are presentable. It is a great trial, either to
a tender or a rough age. For an .overgrown
boy to go to a door, knowiug that there a do
zen girts inside, and to knock or ring with ab
solute certainty that in two minutes all their
eyes will be ujou him. is a severe test of cour
age. To go before these girls and make a sat
isfactory tour of the rooni without stepping on
their toes, and theu to si; down and dispose of
one's hands without putting tbem into one's
pockets, is an achievemeut which few boys can
boast. If a boy can go so far as :o measure
off tape with oue of these girls, and cut it short
at each end, he may stand a cbauee to jass a
pleasant evening, but let him cot Sitter him
self that all the trials of the evening are over.
There comes at last the breaking up The
dear girls don their hoods and look saucy, and
mischievous, and unitnpressihle. as if tliej did
not wish any one to go with thetn Then
comes the pinch, and the boy that has the most
pluck makes np to the prettiest girl, his heart
in his throat, ami i.is tongue clinging to the
roof of his mouth, and crooking his elbow, stam
mers out the words : " Shall I see you home?"
She toocln-s ber fingers to his arm, and ti.ey
walk home aboct a foot a part, feeling as awk
ward as a couple of gixsllnga. As soon as she
is safe inside ier oa doom, he struts home,
aud thinks he has reaiiy been and gone and
doce it. Sleep comes to him a; last, with
dream* of Caroline and Calico, and he awak
ens in the morning and finds the doors of life
open to him. and the pigs squealing few their
breakfast.
OONCLTOIXG REFLECTIONS.
We have passed over churning, and'earning
the catechism, because we are fearful of making
this article too knig, although we might have
talked of the butter that would not be persua
ded to come, and perplexities of literary tarn
of mind, aud head that measured seven and a
quarter when a>ked what the chief eud of man
was. Boyhood is a green passage in man** ex
perience in more senses than ooe It is a
pleasant u>;ng to think over and laugh about
now, thoagh it was serous eoough tbeo. Many
of our present trial* are as ridiru oos as those
which now tooch the risibles in the recollec
tion. and when we go to the other work! and
look upon this, and upon infancy of the soul
through which we passed here, we have no
doubt that we shall gnu over the trials which
we experienced when w m>l our fortunes.wheD
our m ils were swept away or bcrnel and when
we d:da*t get elected to the Legislature. Men
are but boys of larger growth.
Condemn no man for not thinking as you
think. Let every oae enjoy the tali aad free
liberty of thiakiag for himsetf. Let eTrj
man use his own judgment, since every maa
most girt an account of himself to God Ab
hoc ertrj approach, hi any kind of degree to
the spirit of persecution. If you cacao: rea
son or persuade a man into the truth, neve:
attempt to force him iato it- If love will act
-rxrVi hhs. leave hJs. to God. ifce Jadrt of
a!! -Ji' TT-.dry
The Salt Trade of Syracuse.
I The experience of the season about closing
. shows conclusively that the element of wealth
; lying in the lap of onr beautiful valley, and
evolved by the enterprise and labor of our
- citizens, is but temj>orari!y affected by ail the
\ mutations of the monied world, and can never
ibe permanently depressed. The great commer
. I cial revulsion of the last year was, to some ex
r tent, felt in the trade of our great staple, the
, amount falling off laigely from the figures of
. i the previous season, but the necessities of the
) country for this great article of commoa eon
. sumption could not be denied, and with a con
. tinued depression in the general business of the
k country, we have, in the history of the salt
trade this year, a proof of the stability, and,
i with proper exertions, the aunual growing in
| crease ot the demand.
j; A few statistics of.our business will not be
. misplaced here ; we, ourselves, are not aware
of the great extent and importance of the
trade: Let us loijk at the figures and fac's.
The books of inspection show that since the
. Ist of Jauuary last, we have sent from the re
. serration over 6,600,090 bushels of salt. Of <
this amount, probably 5,300,000 has been made i
bv boiling, and 1,5*00,000 by solar evapora
tion. This amount will easily reach 2,000,000
within the year.
To make this qnantity of salt, there is aper
; mauent investment nearly as follows :
3;*) Salt Blocks, or boiling works, worth $ 300.000
SOO acres solar vati. $2.000.00u i
12.JU0.000
Two-thirds at least of this investment is with
in the limits of our city, Saliua producing
3,200.000 bushels, and Syracuse producing
1,500,000, these two districts withiu the ctlv
I and Liverjiool, and decides adjoining, bciug
the four official inspection district-:.
The annual expenses are nearly as follows :
Cash paid for labor in boiling 1110.000
* Making coarse salt 'jj.OOo
! " " " Packing a.,000
'* ** ** 1.200.M0 barrels 31~.00<)
" 2 ,0.000 yards cloth for bags 1..,000
j *• '• •• Unci. 130.000 cords wood UiO.Ouo
:| Duties to State "O.OOC
Annual repairs and taxes includ
ing interest 4A0.000
SI -VJO.OOU
The sales are 1,400,000 barrels
at S2 i>_ ....51, 750,000
Deduct exjienses of Superinten
dence and sale 70 000
SljfcttjMO
Xett profit $150,000
The price above has been nearlv uniform
for years,leaving us but comparatively a.small
return of the amount of capital invested, but
iabor being wealth, we are adding annually to
the prosperity of our city, and in a far greater
ratio than if the profits were larger aud the
cost of labor legs.
Of this great amonnt of salt, about 4,500,-
000 bushels has been shipped through Oswego,
and finds its market partly in the Canada*,
but most on the upper lakes. Buffalo has
received and sbip|*u about 1,500,000 i.u*hels;
the remainder has been absorbed iu this State
aud Pennsylvania.
Odr salt through the Ohio canals, finds its
way too. and has the trade of the country
within 50 miles of the Ohio, and is >ome?imes
successfully forced to the Ohio River, where
it comes into com;etilion with the Kanawa
salt, an article produced at ale w figure ; but
being an imperfect article, it is gradually giving
way to our superiority at even a large difference
in cost against us at th? point of contact.
In this connection it may be well for our
pee pie to look away from the mere manufac
ture of salt into the great questions of the
meant of its distribution and the supply of fuel
for its future production.
A junction canal about 16 miies ic length,
connecting the Chemung Canal at Ktinira,witii
the North Branch Canal of Peunsjlratda, was
this vear used for the first time and through it
we nave already received an instalment of our
future fuel, aud sent back in return our salt
Tni* trade is destined to be a very important
one when we take iuto consideration the fact
that the destruction of and the con
sequent scarcity of available fuel has already
induced the trial of coal, resultirg in the proof
that the change to its use can be easilv and
advantageously made. We now consume the
enoraoas quantity of 160,000 cords of wood
annually. &:,d as matter of ecooomv, we cast
soon forego its use. and take coal in its **ead
I'his. in the event of no futore increase iu the
quantity of sait produced, will require over
1.000 boat loads of coal of 100 tons each, for
salt fuel alone per year, and will open for u>
a great trade in salt.— Spracase DcUy Jc urnal.
HE MP*VT MEAN TO BE MFAX. —A writer
in the Burlington Sentinel says that in one of
the back towns of a a eghboring State, where
j it is the custom for the district school teacher
to " board round," the foi.owing incident oc
curred, aud is vouched for by the LigLeat au
thority ;
A year or two ago an allotment '■eing made
jin the usual maaier for the ber.rfit of the
*< ho :-tri*re*s. t hanpeced that the ptoto ro
of oue atari was two days and a hilt". TV
si'- down to dinner on the *. ; rd day,
ar j was beg nnirg to eat. when ihe Man of
the Hou*e addressed her as follow* :
j "Madame. I suppose your loa*dtsc t'me
oat when you have eaten hit a dn.ncr ; !•:
as I don : want to be m*A~: about it. you icay
eat, tfyoa choose, as much gs usual."
How beaut.fa and exalted are the folio* ng
sentiments of D< W.U Clinton :
" Pleasure is shadow, wealth is raaitr. trd
power a pageant ; but is via* ir in
eeKtymett. perretua in fame, calim ted in space,
and iukiie a duration, in the perfoasnct
| of its sacred offices it fears no dagger, i o
j expenses, oattts no exertioa. It scales the
nxmtaia, koks into the volcano, dive* into the
ocean, perforate* the earth, eorirries the gk>he.
explores the sea aid bad. cot templates the
distant, ascends the sablime No piac* too
remote for :ts grasp, no hex-ec to exalted fcr
its reach
VOL. XIX.—NO. 31.
MAKING A NEEDLE —I wonder if any little
. girl who may rend this, erer thought how many
| people are all tbe time at work, making the
I thing* she every day use*. What can be more
common, and. yon may think, moreaimpie thau
a needle? Yet. if yon do not know it, I cms
tell yon that it takes a great many persona to
make a needle, and a great deal of time, too.
Let us take a peep into the needie manufac
tory. In going over the premises, we most
pass hither and thither, and walk into the
next s'reet and back again, and take a drive
to a mill, in order to see the whole process
We find one chamber of the shop is hang
around with coils of bright wire of all thick
nesses, from the stoot kind used for codfish
hooks, to that of the finest cambric needles.—
lu a room below, bits of wire, the length of
two needles, are cot by a rast pair of shears
fixed into the wall. A bundle has been cat
1 off; the hits need straigbteuiog, for they just
[ came off from the coils.
The bundle is thrown into a red-hot furnace,
' and then taken out and roiled backward and
forward on a table till the wires are straight.
This process is called "rubbing straight." Wa
: now see a mill for grinding needles. We go
down into the basement and find a needle pointer
seated on his bench. He takes up two dozen
or so of the wires and rolls them between bis
thumb and fingers with their ends on a grind
' stone, firAt one end and then the other. Wa
have now tbe wires traight, and pointed at
both ends. Next is & machine which flattens
and gntters the head of ten thousaud needles
ian hour. Obserre the little gutters at tbe
head of your needle. Next comes the punch
j ing of the eye, and the boy who does it punches
eight thousand an hour, and he does it so fast
your eyes can hardly keep pace with him. The
>plitting follows, which is running a fine wire
through a dozen, perhaps, of these twin ueo
. dies.
A woman, with a little anril befere ber, files
betweea the heads, arid separates them. They
are now complete leedles, but rough and rusty,
and, w hat is worse, they easily bend. A poor
needle, yoa will say; but tbe hardening cornea
uext. They are heated in a furnace, and wbeu
red-hot are thrown into a pan of cold water
Next they must be tempered, and this done by
rolling them backwards and forward on a me
tallic plate. Tie polishing still remains to ba
done. Ou a very coarse cloth, needles am
spread to the number of forty or fifty thousand.
Emery dust is strewed over them, oil is sprink
led, and soft soap is dashed in spoonfuls over
the doth ; the cloth is then rolled np with
several others of the same kind, thrown into a
wasb-jK)t, to roll to and fro for twelve hours
or ui-jre. They come out dirty euoogh, bat
after a rinsing iu clean hot water, and tossing
in sawdast, they look ss bright as can be, and
are ready to be sorted and put np for sale.—
i But the sorting and doing up iu papers, vou
cau imagine, is quite a work by itself.
TECHNICAL Vi OKDS —In reading, we fre
quently come across words which we are unac
quainted, a-.d which are necessary to give ua
a full idea of the subject To deviate this dif
ficulty, we give a definition of some of tba
more common words :
A firkin of hotter yi iba
A -ack of COALS -
A tn& of straw. St -
A tart f hemp ... ...... 33 *•
A *ark of flour I*o -
A q .intat 100 -
A piggot of -tee! 120 **
A lßb*ofk3jr 'jt, -
Aha* AObaak.
A Mi-Jerkin la gvH.
A iwrrv! *6 -
A a >g&ead jg
A paacbcus tvi -
Engbsh prices-curreut often -p?ak of tba
price of wheat par •pmrttr— to reduce this to
barrel-., multiply the price by seven, and di
vide by twelve, aud it will give the price,at tbe
same rate, by the barrel. Thus : If wheat is
quoted at 56 shillings a quarter, multiply 56
by 7, aid d.ride by 12. aud it give tbe price,
32 sL-.liugs S pence a barrel. Oku Farmer.
SHAWLS. —The passion for shawls—says a
: ate writer—aai.-ng all women everywhere, in
remarkable. In one country, the shawls may
IJ* from tbe head l.ke a veil; in another, it
from the shoulders ; in another, it w
knotted around the io us Uke a sah ; in TC(
another, it is swathed round the body like a
sl.iri. W.jertver worn a; ail, it is ape: arti
cle of dress.
At the Russian Court, ladies jadge one an
other by their hav|j as by their QiaiDOoik Iu
Frai.ce, the bridegroom wins favor by a judi
cious g.ft iT his kind. In Giro and Damia
i as, the gift of a shawl will cause almost as
much heart burning in the harem as the intro
duction of a new wife Iu Eng*aodjbedacgh
ter of the house spends the whole of her first
oaartcra allowance in tbe ponrhaseof a shawl
Tbe Paris gris-tte and the London dressmaker
go to their work with the little shawl pinned
neatly at the waist. The least gir-drinkrcoverw
her rags with the rem-ant of tba shawl of bet
ter days. T e peasant's daughter bays a cot
ton si aw', w.th a gar honW. for her wedding;
and i; wa-.'ie? and dyes until having wrapped
a I t er babies in it, it is finally dyed black to
signa xe her widowhood. The maiden aunt,
gr w-.ng eideriv. takes to wearing a shawl ia
tue h ase in mid-winter; ana tbe aged grand
two'her would no more tfii:k of going a.thowt
it at any seasou than withoat ber cap.
make a pretty g-'rfs cheek red. pay her
a swr-et compliment. To redden those of an
impudent nun, slap them.
Goo is !he fhrht. wii-b. though never n.
makes everyth t g visible, and attires them iu
cv'r*. Net OAJ. thine eye receives iu Uam*.
but tliiae Le-rr: its warmth.
CHABLS* LATE*. :a ooe of hi* stories.tells e4 a
das--icg taoirkloai who boded hi* ha mm <a
sherry wine ; wnerea: an honest Hibernian
eic.aimed : - Booad, I wnk I was a pig tWm
tifixs myself."
ba* focod ber tne "sphere" at last
It aivwit f fret roaud a*i a.*d
' of bws