MT DOLUS PER ANNUM, INVARIABLY IN ADVANCE. T( OA: gatnrban fllorninn, 3nln 12, 1838. jwlfcttb Ipoctni. (From the Evening Post.] MODERN CHIVALRY Wli" like tt riiinff. base and low, < aiii<' twhrrously P" n Lis foe. UiJ -tuuiKil liiin with a murderous blow? Preston Brooks.' Wh ". sent, his country's laws to make, \nd bunl to obey them for her sake. Fared her- and Honor's laws to break ? Preston Brooks! Who, in the Senate s hall of state, pared wreak his vengeful coward hate, Striving to -title free debate- ? Preston Brooks! Who when hi- victim senseless lay, i hi and inanimate as clay. Hi- brutal hand refused to stay? Preston Brooks ! purh a- the traitor Arnold's stain, V, ... jiln. j,-il his country to sustain. Yet -dd her cau-c for hate and gain! l'rc-ton Brooks! Ih ! deeper *ti!l -hall is- /Ay -ha lire, \ darker cloud ii[>ou thy name, Wko-c deed destroys thy country's fame ! Pre.-tou Brooks! And far and near the tale shall reach ! p li-ti aing despot- gladly teach, XL, jjnet of liiielty of speech! Pre.-tou Brooks! • ;sl I'ireliiur with the circling sun. l a ■ ;-h future years thy name shall run, ; , d "tlli the scorn that thou hast won, Aa i e , ipicl with a land undone! Preston Brooks! Sketch of the Life of loluiK'l Jiilni C. Fremont. Vi.-.-r- Sheldon, Hlakeman & Co. Xew ' ,iy, have just published an excellent .lolngic.d school history of the United - • - from the jteh of Elizabeth IV lYabody; : f.'niirst'of which we find an account of ■aro r of Col. John ('. Fremont, which will ■mi at this time with peculiar interest. It -v. the writer's account of President Polk's nitration. It is worthy of remark in this xion, that Miss Pea body is the sister-in . >! Mr Pierce's distinguished biographer, Nathaniel Hawthorne.J In January, Is! it, Captain J C. Fremont, *3'j the year before had been ordered by the tt-r Department to explore a southern route ii.-igun. arrived upon the frontiers of Cali a. witli a party of engineers. Knowing ' " relations between the United States j Mevi! .1 were in a delicate |.sition, and '•it i n authorities of the latter were very - : Americans, lie took the precaution ve his party, and go alone to Montcrev ; •v.'i, iht- I. nited States consul, .Mr. ii. lie called upon the commanding gener isiro, and made known to him his peace •■ e i.iai-iun ; receiving express permission 1 iiier in the valley uf San Joachim, where j.:. uty opular voice, at the head of affairs. But both of them, without hesitation, with their one hundred aud sixty riflemen, put themselves under Stockton, and from this momeut obeyed him implicitly ; having no other interest than that of the Uni ted States. The victory on the plains of Sali nas soon followed. On the 2oth of July, Capt. Fremont sailed from Monterey in the Cyane, in order to in tercept the retreating general, Castro ; Castro and Governor Pico did not, however, dare to encounter him, but fled across the desert to Sonora, more than two hundred miles ! Capt. Fremont and Cora. Stoekton then joined their forces, aud marched to Los Angelos, the capi tol of the Californias, and took possession of it, without opposition. On the 22d August, Cali fornia was iu the undisputed possession of the United States. Two days after (the 24th), Fremont was appointed millitary commandant of the Terri tory by Coin. Stockton, who charged hiiu to enlist a sufficient force to garrison the country. On the 28th, he wrote to the government, as well as to Major Fremont, that he intended to appoint hiin governor. This despatch, with others, President Polk, in his annual message of 184(5, laid before Congress with these words : " Our sqnadron in the Pacific, with the co-op eration of a gallant officer of the army,* and a small force hastily collected in that distant country, have acquired bloodless jiossession of the Californias." It is important to remark, that, two days after Com. Sloat took possession of Monterey, the British admiral, Seymour, had arrived ; and had he not found the I"nited States flag flying at Monterey, lie would have planted the British. Maj. Fremont found, in the archives of the government at Los Angelos, business papers, showing that the Missions had been hurriedly sold to British purchasers at the very time that he was fortifying himself at first; and that an Irish priest (McNamara) was in treaty for the whole beautiful valley of Joachim, which was to be settled by an Irish colony, under British protection. These papers are all in print. As Com. Sloat had been deter mined to take Monterey, by hearing of Capt. Fremont's exploits, and Com. Stockton, when he arrived, was still ignorant of the beginning of the Mexican war, but acted on the success which bad alreadj been obtained, it is plain that Fremont was in every sense the person to whom the United States owes the jiossession of Cali fornia. 'Munini i "I'idi ! I tem"!" PUBLISHED EVERY SATURDAY AT TOWANDA, BRADFORD COUNTY, PA., BY E. O'MEARA GOODRICH. Hut all was not done yet. An insurrection broke out in the south of California, soon af ter Major Fremont left Los Angelas, the ene my all at ouoe realizing that, in point of num bers, " a little one had chased a multitude 1" Lieut. Gillespie, with his very small garrison, was then obliged to retire to Monterey ; and Major Freraout, instead of being able to"go San Francisco on the 24th of October, as Commo dore Stockton ordered him to do, to be installed governor, went into the valley of the Sacra mento to eulist an army to suppress the insur rection. At this moment General Kearney arrived. This officer, on the breaking out of I the Mexican war, had been ordered by the government to leave Fort Leavenworth, where he was stationed, and go and conquer New- Mexico ; theu to proceed to California, con quer it, organize a government for it, and him self take the office of governor, lie had brave -1 ly executed the first part of these instructions, aud was proceeding to Californio, when he met the celebrated trapper, Kit Carson, with the despatches from Commodore Stockton to gov ernment, announcing the Conquest of Califor nia. lie sent on his despatches by another person, and retained Carson as guide, on ac count of his experience in the Indian country, it was not until after the insurrection had bro ken out that he arrived in California, when he encountered the enemy, flushed with their first \ success of driving Lieut. Gillespie from Los Angelos to Monterey. He had a battle with them at San I'asqual, in which eighteen of his men fell, and as many more were wounded.— lie then wrote Com. Stoekton, that he was entrenched on a rocky eminence near San Pas qnal, surrounded by the enemy. Stoekton sent Lieut. Gray, with two hundred and fifty men, : to his relief ; and, on their approach, the be- j siegers abandoned the field, and left the relief party to return, unmolested, with Gen. Kear ney and his dragoons. Gen. Kearney then communicated to Com. Stockton his instruc tions from the government ; but Com. Stock ton did not feel .himself compelled to give np the chief command, especially as the spirit of the instructions seemed to be, that the con- ; queror of California should he its governor.—- Gen. Kearney did not insist, but placed him self under Stockton's command, and his dra goons helped to make up his force of six hun dred men, who joined Fremont and entered Los Angelos, after the victory of San Gabriel, and a still more remarkable one, on the plains of Meza, where the Americans, drawn up in a Email square, phalanx-like, conquered the Spanish Califoruians, whose onset, however, with the finest cavalry in the world was very j brilliant. " i With a small body of men, Mnjor Fremont afterward embarked, according to Com. Stock ton's orders, for Santa Barbara ; but on his way, hearing that in all South California onlv ( San Diego was left in the hands of the Araeri- I cans, and that no horses could be procured there, he returned to Monterey, to mount his men and march overland. He" arrived October :!7th, and was agreeably surprised to learn that the President had appointed him Lieutenant- Colonel in the United States Armv. It was unsolicited by him, or by any of his friends ; find it sanctioned all that he had done from the first, (lie had done it with so little as surance of being approved by government— though he hoped that his country would bear him out—that he had sent to Col. Benton, with the account of what he had done, a re signation of his commission, to be given iu, if the government had disapproved.) In December, Col. Fremont, at the head of four hundred mounted men, commenced his march southward, and on his wav surprised aud took possession of San Louis Ovispo,where I he found Hon Jesus Pico, who had been made , prisoner on the plains of Salinas, but had bro ken his purolc, and was at the head of the in surrection ! He was tried by a court martial, aud condemned to death ; but was pardoned by Col. Fremout--a wise act, by which he was attached to the latter forever after, in faithful service ; and the hearts of his friends, among whom was the governor, Pico, were won. Col. Fremont " being satisfied," as he wrote to Sen ator Benton, in another private letter, " that it was a great national measure to unite Cali fornia to the Union, ns a sister state , by a vol untary expression of the popular will, proceed ed with great wisdom and forbearance, and marched all the way to Los Angelos, four hun dred miles, without spilling a drop of blood, but " conquering a peace," by clemency and justice. At Coucnga he found the enemy in large force, and sent word to them to lay down their arms. They demanded a conference. In company with his new friend, Don Jt sus Pico, he went to their camp alone, anil found theni ready to capitulate. Terms were agreed upon, that were subsequently sanctioned by Commo dore Stockton ; and later, by the United States. Ample testimony proves the popularity of Col. Fremont among the native, as well as Ameri can Califoruians, from this moment.* Hut the dispute concerning the chief com mand, between General Kearney and f'onimo- 1 dore Stoekton, produced difficulties. The day after Col. Fremont was installed Governor, Gen Kearney and Commodore Stockton gave to him exactly contradictory orders respecting the organization of California corps. It was an attempt on the part of General Kearney, to try the question of relative power with Com. Stockton, and does not seem to have origina ted in any ill-will to Col. Fremont ; Gen. Kear ney expressing to Col. Russell, at the same date, that he should make Col. Fremont go vernor, if he had the chief command. Col. Fremont replied to his order in writing, that if he and Com. Stockton would agree be tween themselves which was the commander in-chief, he would obey the superior officer ; but uutil that matter was settled, which he had no power to decide, he felt himself obliged to continue to obey the commander uudcr whom the whole war had been conducted. Failiug to obtain from Col. Fremont aid in his plan of putting Com. Stockton in the wrong, Kearney transferred his resentment to Col. Fremont. But this did not clearly aj> jiear uutil after Col. Fremont had returned, in company with him, to Fort Leavenworth,when he ordered him to be arrested, aud charged him " REKARDLESS of denunciation from any quarter." with mutiuy, disobedience to orders, and irregu lar conduct 1 A court-martial was summoned, and before it, in bis testimony, he attempted to fasten on Col. Fremont a dishonorable charge of corrupt motive. The defence of Col. Fremont is before the country. The documents, connected with the trial, are the only history of the war yet in print, and the above narrative is a meagre ab stract of those papers. The court-martial convicted Colonel Fre mont of every charge made, and sentenced him to be dismissed the service ; but in considera tion of his patriotic conduct and services, re commended him to the lenient consideration of j the Executive. Mr. Polk signed the sentence, with the ex pression of an opinion, that, though Col. Fre mont might be, according to strict military etiquette, technically guilty, he had deserved so well of his country as to be entitled to re ward rather than punishment ; and tendered to him his sword, and the high office which hud already been conferred upon him. Hut Col. Fremont declined it, and returned to California, where he remained as a private citizen, until elected to the United States Sen ate, by an overwhelming vote of the new stute j of California. In the interval, Gen. Taylor had appointed him commissioner to run the boundary line be tween Mexico and California, which he onlv held long enough to express his grateful ap preciation of the feeling from which the ap pointment had been made. Gen. Taylor had ' not agreed with the sentence of the court-inar- : tial. Unquestionably, both Col. Fremont and Commodore Stoekton were irregular iu doing what they did. without knowing that war had commenced. But in spirit they were acting in obedience to the country, a part of which they were. It is only in the United States that such a thing could be done. It offended the army, but not the people ; and Folk, iu his courtesy to the condemued officer, expressed the verdict of the heart of the country upon the whole-hearted patriot. Col. Fremont made no wild, marauding at tempt for his own purjioses ; but at the risk of everything to himself, took up the cause of his suffering countrymen, at a moment when the only alternative was to leave them to perish under causeless violence. It is absurd to name it in the same day with the filibustering at tempts which have been so rife since. Mr. Dayton's Acceptance of his Nomi nation. Immediately after the adjournment of the Convention, says the N. Y. Tribune, the New Jersey Delegates proceeded to Trenton, the residence of Win. L. Dayton, the nominee for Vice President, and were met at the station by a large number of citizens. A procession was formed headed by the Trenton Brass Band, and bearing the National Flag, with the names of Fremont and Dayton inserilied on its folds. The Delegation proceeded to Mr. Dayton's house. On the arrival of the procession Mr. Dayton appeared on the portico, and was re ceived with immense enthusiasm. He was addressed by Ed. W. Whelpley, Esq.. on behalf of the Delegation. When the applause that greeted Mr. Whelp ley's remarks hud subsided, Mr. Dayton said that it was with feelings that he could not ex | press that he had listened to the announcement ; just made. It was to him utterly unexpected. The unsolicited honor, however, he felt and du ly appreciated, not on his own account only, but 011 behalf of his State. It was an honor to Jerseymen. For the last few years, though engaged in the avocations of private life, he had been a not inattentive observer of the course cf events. He could say with empha sis tliut his principles had not changed. He stood now in reference to the great leading is sues of the country as in times past. He held that the Constitution protects Slavery where it is, but carries it nowhere ; that in the lan guage of the day Freedom is national, and Slavery sectional. He had carefully examin ed the platform of principles upon which the nominations took place, and to it and all its parts he could give a cheerful and cordial as sent. The repeal of the Missouri Compro mise was, in his judgment, a most unwarrant able breach of good faith, pregnant with un told mischief, and to be remedied by every just and constitutional means in our power. Kansas had, us she deserved, his heart-felt sym pathy. Her citizens and their rights had been trodden down in a matter unexampled in a free government. Justice to her and to them demanded her admission as a Free State of the I'nion. It was expedient and proper, too, he said, as a mode of calming down the exas perated feelings of the country by terminat ing its cause. The admission of California into the Union as a State, her unprecedented growth, outrun ning and distancing his own most sanguine ex pectations, seem now to demand increased fa cilities of communication. A roadway from the West to the Far West will be a ligament binding to the I'nion both extremes. It will will tend to consolidate more firmly the last ing Union of the States—a Union such as our fathers made, based on equality of rights. It will tend, too, to increase the interior com merce of the country, and to develope still more largely the resources of that magnifi cent State upon our Western borders. The improvement of rivers and harbors are special ly approbated by the Constitution to the (jJeneral Government ; and whether our com merce floats upon our coast, our rivers or lakes it is due to the lives of our citizens, as well as their property, that the Government should provide for their safety. He trusted that the people would lay aside all minor differences and come up manfully to the work—yielding to one another freedom of conscience—free dom of speech—equality of rights—but claim ing—nay exacting the suine for ourselves. In conclusion, he added that he had the honor to know the man selected by the People's Con vention a.> the chief &tandaid-bea.->cr of the cn uing campaign He \*a a ruau of great in ' telligeaee, enlarged capacity, and indomitable energy. The inan who had so often ascended the heights of the Rocky Mountains, and look ed into the then unknown depths of the great basin, wus the very man to look to the heights and sound the depths of the political corrup tion of the times. He knew, too, the adver sary, Mr. Buchauan. With him, or with his associate, he could have no personal issues.— Let us, as far as possible, soften the acerbity of the contest ; let ns have no controversy with persons, but platforms. It is a question, not of men, but of principles ; aud these pi iu eiples are to be finally settled in this campaign. At the conclusion ol' Mr. Dayton's remarks, the crowd sent up three hearty cheers for the ticket, which were followed by three cheers for Kansas, three for California, and three for New Jersey. The procession then re-formed and returned to the depot, where they met the down train to New-York. They were joined on the plat form bv nil the delegates on board, and nine hearty cheers were given for the ticket, and three for New Jersey, while the train remain ed at the dejMjt. One hundred guns were be ing fired during the same time. Mf. Dayton is about fifty years of age, of fine form and commanding appeaeance, and seemed to be in excellent health and spirits. At New Brunswick another demonstration ! was made, the train being met by a number of , citizens and cheers given for the ticket, Throughout the State the same enthusiasm was manifested, and when the boat reached the dock at this city three parting^cheers were given for " Fremont and Dayton." The Issue. —For the first time in the his tory of the country, the Presidential election is to turn on the issue of Freedom against sla very. Slavery has been making aggressions and increasing its power and extending its in fluence and area, until it has become so for midable, and so arrogant and imperious in its demands, that the free North has at length aroused herself to resist the gathering and ad vancing evil. Such a contest was inevitable at some not distant time, but it has been sud denly aud unexpectedly forced upon the coun try by the wickedness and imbecility of the present administration, as a servile tool in the hands of the Oligarchy. James Huchunau is the chosen leader of the Slave Extcnsiouists. He has willingly and squarely placed himself on the Platform con nected by the Oligarchy, and the issue presen ted has been accepted by him und all his friends. So far the field is clear. lie that runneth may read. The nominee of the opposition, whoever lie may be, will represent the cause of Freedom —Freedom to Kansas, and all other Territo ries of the United States, and Freedom from the domination iu the Government of the Oli garchy of three hundred thousand Slaveholders. The question at issue conies home to every citizen of the Frcej States. What family is there that docs not contemplate the emigration of one or more of its members to the fruitful prairies of the illimitable West? If Kansas is cursed with slavery, that garden spot of the continent, with all the regions South aud West of it, will be debarred to the citizens of the Free States, aud they will be driven to the barren and inhospitable regions of the North. We say debarred, for we suppose that few per sons educated to prize the blessings of equali ty and liberty in the Free States will consent to take the position of the " poor whites " of the South, who are regarded as a lower caste by the lordly slave masters. The question is thus one of immediate personal interest to the free white inhabitants of the Northern States. James Huehanan represents the principles which, if successfully carried out, deny to the free horn citizens of Pennsylvania the patrimony purchased for them, and guarantied to them, by the Fathers of the Republic. This patri mony the slave masters arc trying to snatch from the grasp of its rightful owners, the chil dren of the Farmers aud Mechanics of Penn sylvania and of other Free States, and J times Huchuiian is the selected agent to carry out this nefarious design and he has accepted the task willingly, joyfully, and to the entire ale uegation of his own personality. He no lon ger speaks as James Huehanan, the Pennsyl vanian, but as tlie pro-shivery candidate of the oligarchy, standing oil a platform of principles in direct opposition to the honor, the interests and the fair fame of this commonwealth. This is the true state of the question, in its naked hideousness, stripped of the verbiage which has lieen hypocritically thrown around its utter deformity. Mr. Buchanan is willing ly the accepted candidate of the slave-extend ing power, he represents that power, and not the people or interests of Pennsylvania to have slavery extended to Kansas, and the regions west of it. and that it is also to her interest to have the |ower of slavery built up to the de gradation aud injury and demoralization of her own citizens. Freedom against Slavery —Buchanan stands as the champion of the latter. Freemen of Pennsylvania ; will you not range your on the side of Freedom ! We cannot doubt it. A Virginia paper has lately blown a vor noisy blast in adulation of Senator Doug las. It compares him to Mount Chimbarazo— and thinks he towers above other men as that mountain docs above inferior hills. Whereupon John Went worth, of the Chicago Democrat, who knows Douglas " like a Iwiok," says the " Little Giant" does resemble Chiinborazo, or some of its neighboring peaks. But with this difference, however : While they are pouring lava uj>, Douglas is pouring it down S££*- A little boy, while writhing under the tortures of an ague, was told by his mother to rise and take a powder she had prepared for him. " Powder ! powder !" said he, raising himself on one elbow, and puttiug on a smile, " mother I aiu't a gun." A printer never onjrlit to hark out from an " alT.iir ot honor " LE< JU c lit i: skilled in the '.i e of Aioutinar VOL. XVII. —XO. 5. Washington and Fremont. The Bucanicr press of Boston have conclud ed that their original points of attuck against Col. I'retiiout were not well taken ; that they can never succeed in making any one bclicv that he is either a Catholic or a Frenchman they now say : First—' That he lacks legisla tive experience ; B#on4 That he has never distinguished himself, except as a surveyor and explorer ; and, TJiird—Tlml he is opposed to the Kansas-Nebraska bill. These are precise !v the three reasons why these same gentle inea, if they had lieen contemporaries of Col. Washington, would have opposed his taking the command of the American arinv and COII i ducting the revolution of '76 to a" successful I issue. Washington had been distinguished 011- I ly as a surveyor and explorer of new territory, ! and far less distinguished in that respect than j Fremont ; he never sat in utiy legislative body j in his life, and never held an executive office ' till lie was President. He was likewise oppos -1 ed to the extension of slavery, which he did not hesitate to pronounce a curse to tin; coun try and gave his official approval to the ordi nance of 17 IS 7. We have frequently had occasion to state that if W ashiiigton or Jefferson were alive J now, neither could get the appointment of tide ; waiter from the federal government, but we ( hardly supposes] that circumstances would eon ! spire together so favorably as they have done to prove the fact. The great body of voters who will support Mr. Buchanan at the coming election would not vote for George Wnshing | ton if he were now a candidate before the peo j pie, and it is equally certain that, if they had ! lived in the last century, and had had a vote j on the adoption of the Declaration of indc i pendence, it would have been east iu the uegu ' tive.— Evening Post. COI.OXKL BENTON* A PROPHET. —One of the predictions with which Col. Benton was wont quite frequently tocntertaiu his intimate friends, begins to acquire a degree of interest just now' ; which does not ordinarily attach to the pro phetic dreams ol politicians, however cmiueut. In descanting upon the various talents and virtues of his son-in-law, Mr. Fremont, than whom no person engrossed more of his pride or thoughts, he was always accustomed to con clude with the remark "that the young hero was destined some day to be tlie President of this country ; that he hail just thequulitiesfor a great President, and could not fail of reach ing the eminence for which they so peculiarly litted him. These predictions, when made, were regard ed, by many, merely as pardonable ebullitions of paternal pride, and nothing more ; but the events of the last few weeks, and the enthusi astic echoes which the nomination of Mr. Fre mont, at Philadelphia and in thi* city, have awakened iu every quarter of the Union, justify the belief as well as the hope that the election in November will prove that Col. Benton, if not a prophet, is, or at least once was, an ex cellent judge of the kind of timber from which Presidents are made. It was not revealed to him. however, in anv of his spiritual exultations, that he would be of the number of those who would oppose the verification of his prophecy. That, however, is a circumstance which only renders the pro phecy more marvellous.— Post. m TUF. KIN'I; ANO THE SOLDIER. — A FVINSR WAS riding along in disguise, and seeing a soldier i at a public house door, stopped and asked the soldier to drink with him ; aud while they were talking the King swore. The soldier said. " Sir, 1 ura sorry to hear a gentleman swear."' His majesty took no notice of it and soon i swore again. The soldier said, " Sir, I'll pay part of the , pot if you please, and go : for 1 hate swearing so, that if you were the Kiug himself, 1 should ' tell you of it." *' Should you indeed V sstid the King. 44 I should," said the soldier. His majesty said no more but left hint. A ( while after, the King having invited some of his lords to dine with him, the soldier was sent j for ; ami while they were at dinner, he was ' ordered into the rootu to await awhile. I're j sently the King uttered an oath ; the soldier j immediately, but with great modesty said : j '• Should not niv lord, the King fear an j oath." The King looked lirst at the lords, and then at the soldier, said : "There my lords, is an honest man ; he can respect fully remind me of the great sin of swearing ; but you can sit and let me send my soul to hell by swearing and not as much us tell me of it."' POLITICAL SKXSIIHI.ITIF.S.— If we were called | upon to define, in the briefest possible terms, : the difference betweeu the three candidates for the Presidency now before the people, wo should do it thus : h remont is a Sensible Democrat ; Huchanan is an Ostendsible Democrat, and Fillmore un insensible Know-Nothing. The NewA ork Ihiy Hunk, a Ibichanun pajH.T, says : " The time is close at hand when such statesmen as Sumner and Hale will have justice, full justice done thorn, when, in short, HO Abolitionist will be lynched as readily in ! Now A ork and Hostou as in Charleston or . New Oilcans." * There is a physician in Troy who now , and then deals in a little sharp practice. - ! honcver business is dull lie gives a juvenile party, and crams the rising generation with pa-try and warm lemonade, that in less than twenty four hours, a cholera morbus sets in among " his young friends," that kcejis him profitably employed for the next three mouths. 15-rjT Fast men, like fa.-t rivers, are general ly the shallowest. I fri*" There i- many a good wife whocainmt I d (••• '. or . iie, r •> <.-!!