HE DJLLAR PER ANN'JM, INVARIABLY IN ADVANCE. TOAV A XDA: Sutnrihin fHorninn, -febrnarn 2. ISoli. ftlcttcb |)oclrn. THE WINTERS. BV FRANCKS BROWN. \VV JiJ not it'.f them ouce- -the dull gray mornings So cheerless burden on our spirits laid ; The long night-watches did not bring us warnings That we were tenants of a house decayed ; The early snows like dreams to us descended ; The frost did fairy -work on pave and bough ; Remit r, and power, and wonder, have not coded— [j,)W „it that we fear the Winters now ? Their house-fire- fall as bright on hearth and chamber ; Tlwir northern starlight shines as coldly clear ; The woods still keep their holly lor December ; The world a welcome yet for the new year, And far away in old remembered piaces The snow-droit rises and the robin sings ; The un and moon look out with loving faces-- Why have our days forgot such goodly things? [. it that now the north wind finds ita shaken Hv tempests fiercer titan its bitter blast. Which fair Miefs and friendships, too, have taken Awav like Summer foliage as they passed. And made life leafless in its pleasant valleys. Waning the light of promise from our day, Til! mists meet even in the inward palace— A dimness not like theirs to pass away ? It was not thus when dreams of love and laurels I hive sunshine to the Winters of our youth. Before it- hopes had fallen in fortune's quarrels. Or Time had bowed them with his heavy truth— En vet the twilights found us strange and lonely. With snailows coming when the tire burns low, Tj tell of distant graves and losses only — The pa-t tint cannot change and will not go. Alt-! divir frie'td , the Winter is within us, Hard is the he that grows about the heart ; F t pettv cart s ami vain regrets have wou us F'.on life's true heritage and lietter part. .seis ins and skies rejoice, yea, worship rather ; li t upon tVtn." Mow came this liwn In it ? Is it iit'iin my'reach also and, !m what means? History provokes us with such queries as these : Bioirapliv answer- them. ID I tor KI.ISIU KK.VT KAXK is not quite thir ty four years old, yet he has done more than ; umuavigate the globe : he has visited ami traversed India, Africa, Europe, South Ameri > the Mauds of the Pacific, and twice pene '".itcd the Arctic region to the highest latitude attained by civ ilized man. He has eucounter tlie extremes: perils of sea ami land, in every mate- of tie- globe ; lie has discharged in turn ' e severest duties of the soldier and the sea fflau: attached to the United States Navy as ' surgeon, he is, nevertheless, engaged at one time in the coast survey of the tropica! ocean, sti'! in u month or two. we find him exploring '-he frigid zone ; and all the while that liispor "i'\! oxjieriences had the character of roman tic advent lire, he was pushing them in the 'pint of scientific and philanthropic enter prise. As a boy, his instinctive bent impelled him '.lie indulgence and enjoyment of such nd •oitiire* as were best fitted to train him for n, irk before him. His collegiate studies sAri-d some postponement while his physical purities pressed for their necessary training I dK'ipline. It was almost in the spirit of • 'iiicv that he explored the Blue Mountains ■rginia, a- a student of geology, under the •t-ince of Professor Rodgers, and cultivated, - uVe. his hardihood of vital energy and those -■vnaents of natural science which were to quali- Ul ® or his after services in the field of pliy ' geography. Rut, in due time he returned pursuit of literature, and achieved the " ::ijao ! N , as well as though his college 'J' "' suffered no diversion—his muscles c '"Tvpg were educated, and his brain lost '•'"8 by the indirectness of its development, *i>a corroborated for all the uses , *' 't iias served since. He graduated at of Pennsylvania—first, in its and afterwards, in its medical, de relishes in study indi aiur ]"' " atura ' : chemistry and surgery, •Hh t Sr ' euce ' n intimate converse itr,, ,aiß '°> ai| d the remedial art in its most £?***• wei, t out from his Alm/i a '>rJ *U.I f st ' astronoiuer ' surgeon. Rut. J ° r 'bought he lacked, robustness of a thf'- ""^. ness °f health. He solicited *%Kjn h; the navy, and ujnin his ad active service. He wasap m the diplomatic staff as surgeon %ti r "' au Embassy to China. This JKJ " opportunity to explore the V jr 'bind, which he effected mainly on no t!,, ~s l '"' hrst man who descended <-'7 Tuel ; lowered more than a a bamlioo rope froin the over bad ''lumbering down some seven THE BRADFORD REPORTER. hundred more through the scoriae, he made a topographical sketch of the interior of this great volcano, collected a bottle of sulphurous acid from the very mouth of the crater ; and, although he was drawn up almost senseless, he brought with him his portrait of this hideous cavern, and the specimens which it afforded. liefore he returned from this trip, he had ascended the Himalayas, and triangulated Greece, 011 foot ; he hail visited Ceylon, the Upper Nile, and all the mythologic region of Kgvpt ; traversing the route, and making the acquaintance of the learned Lepsius, who was then prosecuting his archaeological re searches. At home again, when the Mexican war broke out, he asked to la; removed from the Philadelphia Navy Yard to the field of a more congenial service ; but the government sent him to the Coast of Africa. Here he visited the slave factories, from Cape Mount to the river Honuy, and through the infamous Ha Souzu, got access to the barocoons of Dahom ey, and contracted, besides, the Coast Fever, from the effects of which he has never entirely recovered. From Africa he returned before the close of the Mexican war, and believing that his con stitution was broken, and his health rapidly going, he called upon President Polk, and de manded an opjMirtunity for service that might crowd the little remnant of his life with achieve ments in keeping with his ambition ; the Pre sident, just then embarrassed by a temporary non-intereonrse with General Scott, charged the Doctor with despatches to the General, of great moment and urgency, which must be carried through a region occupied by the ene my. This embassy was marked by an adven ture so romantic, and so illustrative of tlie character of the man, that we ure tempted to detail it. On his way to the Gulf he secured a horse in Kentucky, such as a knight errant would have chosen for the companion and sharer of his adventures. Landed at Vera On/., he ask ed for an escort to convey him to the capital, hut the officer in command had no troopers to spare—he must wait, or he must accept, in stead, a band of ruffian Mexicans, called the Spy Company, who had taken to the business of treason and trickery for a livelihood. He accepted them, and went forward. Near Luc- Ida his troops encountered a body of Mexicans escorting a number of distinguished officers to Orizaba, among whom were Major General Gaona, Governor of l'uebla ; his son, Maxi milian, and General Torejon, who commanded the brilliant charge of horse at Ibiena Vista. The surprise was mutual, but the Spy Compa ny hid the advantage of the ground. At the first instant of the discovery, and before the rascals fully comprehended their involvement, the Doctor shouted in Spanish, " lhuvo ! the capital adventure, Colonel, form your line for the charge !" And down they went upon the enemy ; Kane and his gallant Kentucky char ger ahead. Understanding the principle that sends a tallow-ca idle through a plunk, and that the momentum of a body is its weight multi plied by its velocity, lie dashed through the opißising force, and turning to engage after breaking their line, he found himself fail Iv sur rounded, and twoof the enemy giving him their -pecial attention. One of these was disposed of in an instant bv rearing his horse, who,with a blow of bis fore foot, floored bis man ; and wheeling suddenly, the Doctor gave the other a sword wound, which opened the external iliac artery, and put him hr.< tie ambot.. This sub ject of the Doctor's military surgery was the young Maximilian. The brief melee termina ted with 11 cry from the Mexicans, "We sur render.'' Two of the officers made a dash for an ex-ape, the Doctor pursued them, but soon gave up the chase. When lie returned, he found his ruffians preparing to massacre the prisoners. As lie galloped past the young of fieer whom he had wounded, lie heard hiiucrv, " Senor. save my father.'' A group of the guerrilla guards were dashing upon the .Mexi cans, huddled together, with their lances in rest. He threw himself before them—one of them transfixed his horse, another gave him a severe wound in the groin, lie killed the first lieutenant, wounded the secoud-lienteuant, and blew a part of the colonel's beard oil' with the last charge of his six-shooter ; then grappling with liini, and using his fists, he brought the party to terms. The lives of the prisoners were saved, and the Doctor received tiieir swords. As soon as General Gaona could reach his spy, w ho lay at a little distance from the scene of the last struggle, the Doctor found him sitting by him, receiving his last adieus.— Shifting the soldier and resuming the surgeon, he secured the artery, and put the wounded mail in condition to travel. The ambulance got up for the occasion, contained at once the wounded Maximilian, the wounded second lieutenant, and the man that had prepared tliein fr slow traveling, himself o:i his litter, from the lance wound received in defence of his prisoners ! When they reached Puebla, the Doctor's wounds proved the worst in the party, lie was taken to the government house, but the old General, in gratitude for his gen erous services, had him conveyed to his own house. General G'hilds, Aniericun commander at Puebla, hearing of the generosity of his pri soner, discharged him without making any terms, and the old general became the princi pal nurse of his captor and benefactor, divid ing his attentions between him and his son, who lay wounded in an adjoining room. — This illness of our hero was long and doubtful, and lie was reported dead to his friends at home. When he recovered and returned, he was employed in the Coast Survey. While engag ed in this service, the government by its corre spondence with Lady Franklin became com mitted for an attempt at the rescue of Sir .John and his ill-starred companions in Arctic disco very. Nothing con Id be better addressed to the Doctor's governing sentiments than this adventure. The enterprise of Sir John ran exactly in the current of one of his own enthu siasms—the service of natural science combin ed with heroie jiersonnl effort ; and, added to this, that sort of patriotism which charges it self with its owii full share in the execution of PUBLISHED EVERY SATURDAY AT TOWANDA, BRADFORD COUNTY, PA., BY E. O'MEARA GOODRICH. " REGARDLESS OP DENUNCIATION FROM ANY QUARTER." national engagements of honor ; and besides this eordial assumption of his country's debts and duties, there was 110 little force in the aj>- l>eal of a nobly brave spirited woman to the chivulry of the American navy. lie was " bathing in the tepid waters of the Gulf of Mexico, on the 12th of May, I*so,'' when he received his telegraphic order to pro ceed forthwith to New York, for duty upon the Arctic expedition. In nine days from that date he was beyond the limits of "the United States on his dismal voyage to the North Dole. Of this first American expedition, as is well known to the public, lie was the surgeon, the natu'alist, and the historian. It returned dis appointed of its main object, after a winter in the regions of eternal ice and a fifteen months' absence. Scarcely allowing himself a day to recover from the hardships of this cruise, he set 011 foot the second attempt, from which he has return ed, after verifying by actual observation the long questioned existence of an ojhmi sea be yond the latitude of 82 degrees, uml bevond the temperature, also, of 100 degrees below the freezing point. His " Personal Narra ting," published early in 1853, recounts the adventures of the first voyage, and discovers his diversified qualifications for such an enter prise. The last voyage occupied two w inters in the highest latitudes, and two years and a half of uiiiutcrmitted labor, with the risks and respon sibilities attendant. He is now preparing the history for publication, lint that part of it which best reports his own personal agency, and would most justly present the man to the reader, w ill of course be suppressed. We would gladly supply it, but us yet this is impossible to us. His journal is private property, the ex tracts which we*nay exjtect will be only too shy of egotism, and his companions have not spoken yet, as some day they w ill speak, of his conduct throughout the terrible struggles which together thev endured. To lbrin anything like an adequate estimate of this last achievement, it is to be recollected that his w hole company amounted to but twen ty men, and that of this corps or crew he was the commander, in naval phrase ; and when we are apprised that his portfolio of scenerv, sketched on the s|nt in pencil, and in water colors kept fluid over a spirit-lamp, amounts to over three hundred sketches, we have a hint of the extent and variety of the offices he till ed 011 this voyage. He was in fact the sur geon, sailing-master, astronomer and natural ist, as well as captain and leader of the cx dition. 'J his man of all work, and desperate daring and successful doing, is in height about five feet seven inches ; in weight, say one hundred and thirty |K>unds or so, if health and rest would hut give him leave to fill up his natural measure. His complexion is fair, his hair brown, and his eyes dark gray, with a haw k look. He is a hunter by every gift and grace and instinct that makes up the character ; an excellent shot, and a brilliant horseman. He has escaped with whole bones from all his ad ventures, but lie has several wounds which are troublesome; and, with such general health as his, most men would call themselves invalids. ami live oil furlough from all the active duties of life ; yet he has won the distinction of I ic ing the first civilized man to stand in latitude I legs. 30 inin. and gaze upon the open I'o lar Sea—to reach the northernmost point of land on the glohc—to report the lowest temper ature ever endured—the heaviest sledge jour neys ever performed—and the wildest life that civilized man has successfully undergone ; and to return after all to tell the story of his ad ventures The secret spring of all this energy is in his e'igions cut! usi IMII —d 8 overcd alike in the ge nerous spirit of his adventures in pursuit of sci ence ; in his enthusiastic fidelity to duty, and in his heroic maintenance of the point of honor in all his intercourse with men. In his deportment there ir> that mixture of shyness and frankness, simplicity and fastidious ness, sandwiched rather than blended, which marks the man of genius, and the monk of in dustry. lie seems confident in himself but not of himself. His in inner is remarkable for ce lerity of movement, alert attentiicucss, quick ness of comprehension, rapidity of utterance and sententious compactness of diction, which arises from a habitual watchfulness against tbe betrayal of his own enthusiasms, lie steins to fear that he is boring you, and is nlwnvs dis covering his unwillingness "to sit" for your admiration. If you question him about the handsome official acknowledgments of his ser vices by the Rritish and A inerican governments, or in any way endeavor to turn him upon his own gallant achievements, he hurries you away from the subject to sonic point of scientific in terest which he presumes w ill more concern and engage yourself ; or he says or does something that makes you think he is occupied with his own inferiority in some matter which your con versation presents to him. One is obliged to struggle with him to maintain the tone of re spect which his character and achievements de serve ; and when the interview is over, a feel ing of disappointment reuiuius for the failure in your efforts to ransack the man as you wish ed, and to render the tribute which you owed him. Wo wish we could be sure that he will not, in his forthcoming work, give us the drama without its hero ; or we wish the expedition and its hero had a chronicler as worthy as he would be were he nut the principal character in the story. I)r. Kane's Narrative of the Expedition, now preparing, and in process of publication by Messrs Childs & Peterson of Philadelphia, w ill embrace the important discoveries made in the frozen regions far beyond the reach of all the predecessors of the American exploring party, and their jieriloos adventures, crowded with romantic incidents, which, in the language of the Secretary of the Navy, "not only excite our wonder, bnt borrow a novel grandeur from the truly benevolent considerations which ani mated and nerved him to his task.'' Law is like an eel trap, very easy to g t in, Irtit \cry difficult to get out of A Yankee in a Coal Screen. In order to load the coal boats on the Lehigh canal, a short but steep inclined plane of about one hundred and fifty feet in length is made at the chute which runs from astution on the side of the mountain, to a large circular revolving screen, which has three large chambers, thro' which coal of as many sizes is shot, by soup pers, into just as many boats, waiting for dif ferent descriptions of I lie article. A few months since, a Yankee, quite inqui sitive, but more verdant than a Yankee should be, gained the station house, and looked with wonder at the contrivances, lie particularly admired the swiftness with which the loaded car descended and emptied its load, and the velocity with which it returned to give place to another. Shortly his attention was attracted by see ing a laborer mount one of the full cars about to make the descent. " (j'oing to slide ?" inquired lie. " Yes ; going to chute ; won't you go ?" " Wall, I guess I'll stop a bit, and see how you do it.*' The car swiftly descended, and ere it reach ed the hopper, the passenger jumped off safety. " Do you do that often ?" inquired he of one of the laborers in the station house. " Oh, yes, continually," was the waggish answer. " You know most all, the boatmen are single men, and they have orders for " fa mily coal," we always send down a married man with every car of that kind, to let 'em know." " Wall, now, du tell,' uttered the eastern man. The more the Yankee looked at the appara tus the more did lie become convinced that it would be a great tiling to go down the steep in that way ; something that he could tell ' to hum.' Plucking up courage, he approached the su perintendent. " That beats sliding down hill, don't it?" " I 'spose it does." " You couldn't let a feller go down, could you ?" " Why, do you think you could jump off in time ?" " Oh, yes, I'm reckoned considerable of a jumper—jumping does me good. I oncejumji ed off a haymow thirty feet high, and it made me so suple that I'm given in to be the best dancer in the hull township." Suddenly, the car moved off, and our friend found the sj>eed so fearful, and the declivity so great that he was forced to stoop down and grasp the side of the vehicle for support. The place where the laborer had leaped off was reached, but the Yankee was not in a position to jump, he had to hold on ; and ruutiingdowu a descent three times as steep as that which lie had come, a sudden click shot out the bolt,and with a violent force, out went the contents, Yankee included, into the hopper. '* Murder 1 get out ! stop the eonsarn !" — shouted our hero, as he felt himself sliding down the hopper to the cylinder. " .Murder ! stop the consani ! I'll be killed !" Put the motive power of the " consaru " was water, which had no sympathy with those who pursue knowledge under difficulties, and those who saw were too distant, and too much convulsed with laughter to yield assistance. Into the screen he slid, landing on the top, and as he felt him self revolving with the coal, he grasped the wires in desperation to prevent himself from being rolled to the bottom. Around the wheel he went, and our friend's sensibilities were touched up by a plentiful shower of coal dust, riddled through from all the chambers. lie managed to get one eye open, and saw with delight that the cylinder was only about fifteen feet in length, and he forced his way forward to the opening with desperation, but was not altogether .successful ; another revolu tion of the wheel had yet to be borne, and the next time lie reached the bottom he was shot out of the scupper into the boat beneath. To the screams of laughter with which his advent was hailed, our hero said not a word, but get ting out an old handkerchief, rubbed the dust of his eyes, and, surveying his torn apparel and bruised, battered, scratched and cut limbs, he "raised his vein" to know wiiat quality of an thracite had been delivered—wlien, smashing his remnant of a hat over his eyes, he stumped off, muttering " Lrtf.en and screened , by thun der !" Tur. BKIKH IX. —The following exquisite story is by Lama'tine : In the tribe of Ncggdeh there was a horse whose fame was spread far and near ; and a Bedouin of another tribe, by name Duher de sired extremely to possess it. Having offer ed in vain for it Lis camels and bis whole wealth, he hit at length upon the following device, by which he hoped to gain the object of his desire. He resolved to stain his face with juice of an herb, to clothe himself in rags, to tie his legs and neck together, so as to appear like a lame beggar. Thus equipped, he went to wait for Nabcr, the owner of the horse, who he knew was to pass that way. When he saw Naber approaching on his beautiful steed, he cried out in a weak voice, " I em a joor stranger ; for three days I have been unable to move from this point to seek food. I am dying—help, and Heaven will reward you !" The Bedouin kindly offered to take him upon his horse and carry him home ; but the rogue replied : " I cannot rise, I have no strength left." Xnber, touched with pitv, dismounted, led his horse to the spot, and with great difficul ty set the seeming beggar on his back. But no sooner did Daher feel himself in the saddle than he set spurs to the horse and galloped off, calling out as he did so : " It is I, Daher ; I have got the horse and am off with it." Nalier called out to him to Rtop and listen. Certain of not being pursued, he baited at a short distance from Naber, who was armed with a spear. " You have taken my horse," said Naber. " Since hcaicu lia: willed it, I wish you joy with it : but I do conjure you never to tell how you obtained it." " Ah ! why not," said Dalier. " llecause," said the noble Arab, "another might be really ill, uud men would fear to help him. You would In* the cause of many refusing to perform an act of charity, for fear of being du|KHl as I have been." Struck with the shame of these words, Da lier was silent for a moment ; then springing from the horse, he returned it to its owner, embracing him. Naber made hiui accom pany him to his tent, where they spent a few days together, and became friends for life. % Orf:\ rnr Gate. —" I wish you would send a hoy to open the gate lor me." said a boy of ten years old to his mother, as he jmsscd with his books under his arm. " Why, John, cannot you open the gate for yourself ?" said his mother. "A Imy uf vour age and strength ought certainly to be able to do that." " I could do it, I suppose," said the bov, " but it is heavy, uml 1 do not like the trou ble. The servant can open it for 111 c just as well. What is the use of having servants, if they are not to wait upon us ?" thought he to himself. The servant was sent to oj>on the gate. The boy passed out, and went whistling on his way to school. When he reached his seat in the aca demy, he drew from his bug of books his arith metic, and began to look at the sums. 1 cannot do those," he whispered to the next scholar ; " they arc too hard." " Jsut you can try," replied his companion. 1 know that i can try," said John, " but it is too much trouble. Dray, w hat are teach ers for if not to help us out of our difficulties f I shall carry my slate to Mr. llelpwell, the usher." Alas }Kor John. He had come to another closed gate—a gate leading into a path of use ful knowledge. He could have opened it, and entered in alone ; but he had come to the conclusion that it was as well to have the gates opened for us as to exert our own strength. The result w as, he had no "genius" for such a kind of study. The same was true of Latin. Ho could have learned the declensions of the nouns and the conjunctions of the verbs as well as others of his age ; but he got other boys to do his exer cise, and what the use in opening the gate into the Latin language w hen others would do it for him. OH, no, John Easy had no idea of task ing his mind or body when he could avoid it, and the consequence was that numerous gates remained closed to him all his life—gates to honor —gates to usefulness—gates to happiness! Children, yon should early learn that it is al ways best to help yourselves. KEEP root..—Those calm and rational ob servations to " lake it coolly," and "never cry for spilled milk," are very good till they are needed. They arc very salutary before the fe ver kindles or the milk is spilled ; but in the presence of pain: or the advent of a disaster, to all but those who arc gifted with fortitude bv nature, or have been disciplined in the school of affliction, they are about as effectual as whistling in the teeth of a nor'wester. Their nttcr impotence in the storiu of passion reminds me of the directions given by u good New Kngland deacon to his choleric soil : " Whenever you feel your anger rising," said lie, " be sure to say the Lord's prayer, my son, or else the alphabet, clean through ; arid long before you get to the end on't, you'll beaseool as a encumber or an iceberg. Promise me faith fully, my son." " Yes, daddy, I promise." Off trudged Jonathan to school, carrying his bread and meat, with a small bottle of molasses in his jacket pocket, and his late linn promise uppermost in his mind. A boy, who bore him an old grudge, met liiin, and after calling him the " young dea con," and other scurrilous nicknames, caught liiin off his guard and threw him to the ground, tearing his jacket and breaking his molasses bottle. Now, it is said by censorious Southerners that a Yankee will take a great many hard names with the patience of a martyr—his spir it is word-proof ; but tear his clothes or cheat his bellv, and lie will tight to the knife. l*p jumped Jonathan, his eyes Wolfish and his lips white with rage. Hut "there was an oath in heaven," and he did not forget it. Rio lie proceeded to swallow his alphabetical pills— an antidote to wrath not mentioned in the " Re gimen Snleriiitanum, ncr recognized by the British College." " A, B, C, —you've torn! my jacket— l>, E, F, —you've spilt my 'lasses—(r, 11, I, J, K, — you're a tarnal rascal—L, M, N, O, P, Q, — I'll larn you better manners, you scamp, you, It, S, T, I", V, X, Y, /. omjtersaiui —now I'll pound your in skies out o' you, jou encroaehiu' willain !" And with that, Jonathan, whose passion had been mounting alphabetically through all his father's prescriptions of vowels and consonants, caught the young scapegrace, and, throwing him down, was proceeding to work off each of the deacon's twenty-six anti-irascible pills in the shajte of a dozen hearty fisteuffs, which might perhaps, have brought the poor fellow to the Omega of his days, had not the timely approach of a passenger interrupted the mani pulations. So much for rules to control the passions. At an assemblage of a few friends one evening lately, the absence of a lady was no ticed, whiee was apologized for by an acquain tance, who stated that she was detained by a " little incident." " Ah, yea !" exclaimed Mrs J. Clatterbell, " and a beautiful incident it was too ; weighs just nine pounds and a half." feir Never let people work for you gratis. Two years ago a man carried a bundle home for us, ami we have been lending him two shillings ever sim^ VOL, XVI. —NO. 34. AFFAIRS IN KANSAS. th: b jroir ruffians sustained: MESSAGE OF THE PRESIDENT. VCASHISOTON, Jan. 21, 18J(5. To tht Smitlf ami Iftru't of Rrpmrntativr* : Circumstances have occurred to disturb tho course of governicntal organization in the Territory of Kansas, and produce there a con dition of things which renders it incumbent on me to call your attention to the subject, and urgently recommend the adoption by you of such measures of legislation as the grave exi gencies of the case appear to require. A brief exjosltion of the circumstances re ferred to. ami of their causes, will be necessary to the full understanding of the recommenda tions which it is proposed to subnrt. The act to organize the Territories of Ne braska and Kansas was a manifestation of tho legislative opinion of Congress on two grent points of constitutional construction : One, that the designation of the boundaries of a new Territory, ami provision for its political organization and administration as a Territo ry, are measures which of right fall within tho power, of the General Government ; and tho other, that the inhabitants of any such Terri tory, eon-idem! as an inchoate State, ere en titled, in the exercise of self-government, to determine for themselves what shall be their own domestic institutions, subject only to the Constitution and the laws duly enacted by Con gress under it, and to the power of the exist ing States to decide, according to the provi sions and principles of the Constitution, at what time the Territory shall be received as a State into the L nion. Such are the great jo --litical rights which are solemnly declared and and affirmed by that act. Based upon this theory, the act of Con gress defined for each Territory the outlines of republican government, distributing public authority among the lawfully created agents— executive, judicial and legislative— to be ap pointed either by the General Government or by the Territory. The legislative functions were intrusted to a Council and a House of Representatives, duly elected and empowered to enact all the local laws which they might deem essential to their prosperity, happiness and good government. Acting in the same spirit, Congress also de fined the persons who were in the first instance to be considered as the people of each Territo ry ; enacting that every free white male inha bitant of the same above the age of tweotv-ono years, being an actual resident thereof, and jiossessing the qualifications hereafter describ ed, should be entitled to vote at the first elec tion, and be eligible to any office within tho Territory ; but that the qualifications of voters and holding office ut all subsequent elections should be such as might be prescribed by tho Legislative Assembly : Provided, however,that the right of suffrage and of holding office should be exercised only by citizens of the United State, and those who should have declared on o.ith their intention to become such, and have taken an oath to support the Constitution of the United States and the provisions of tho act ; And provided, further, that no officer, soldier, seaman or marine, or other person in the army or navv of tlie United States, or at tached to troops in their service, should be al lowed to vote or hold office in either Territory by reason of being on service therein. Such of the public officers of the Territories as, by the provisions of the act, were to be ap pointed by the General Government, including the Governors, were appointed and commission ed in due season—the law having been enact ed on the 3'lth of May, 1854, and the commis sion of the Governor of the Territory of Ne braska being dated on the 2d day of August, 1854, and of the Territory of Kansas on the 20th dav of June, 1854. Among tlie duties imposed by the act on the Governors was that of directing and superin tending the political organization of the re spective Territories. The Governor of Kansas was required to cause a census or enumeration of tiie inhabitants and qualified voters of the several counties and districts of the territory to be taken by si e i person and in si:c't mode as he might designate and appoint ; to appoint ami direct the time i n I places of holding the first elections, and the manner of conducting them, both as to the persons to superintend such elections and the returns thereof ; to de clare the mindier of the members of the Coun cil and House of Representatives for each coun ty or district ; to declare what persons might lie duly elected ; and to appoint thu time and place of the first meeting of the Le gislative Assembly. In substance, the same duties were devolved on the Governor of Ne braska. While, by this act, tlic principle of constitu tion for each of the Territories was one anil the same, ami the details of organic legislation regnrding both wore as nearly as could lie iden tical. and while the Territory of Nebraska was tranquilly and successfully organized in the due course of law. and its first LegLlative Assem met on the ltith of January, 1855, the organi zation of Kansas was long delayed, and has been attended with serious difficulties and em barrassments, partly the consequence of local mal-admiuistration, ami partly of th* unjustifi able interference of the inhabitants of some of the States, foreigu'by residence, interests, and rights to the territory. The tJovemor oT the Territory of Kansas commissioned, as More stated, on the 20th of June. 1854, did not reach the design ited seat of Ids tlovcrnmcnt until the 7th of the ensuing October ; an I be then failed to make the first step in its legal organization--that of ordering the census or enumeration of its inhabitants - until so late a day that the election of tho members of the Legislative Assembly did not take place until the 30th of March, 1855, nor its meeting nut ill the 2d of July, 1855; so that, for a year after the Territory was constituted by the act of Congress, ami the officers to be appointed by the Federal Kxeeutive had been commissioned, it was without a complete no TcrnnmiO. without nn>- lori-lntive authori"*.