0)IE OXLAR PER ANNUM, INVARIABLY IN ADVANCE.
TOWANDAI :
Cmturißtn fllormnn. lAitgttst 18. 1835.
.Sflrrtcb Iportrn.
THE CLOSING SCENE.
BY T. BL'CUAXAS READ.
N thin the sol or realm of leafless trees
The rus-et year inhaled the dreamy air ;
] ;KE < mo tanned reaper in his hour of ease.
When all the fields are lying brown aud hare.
The .-r.'.V hams, looking from their hazy hills
OYr the dim waters, widening in the vales,
D.>wn the air a greeting to the mills,
On the dull thunder of alternate flails.
C - slit- were mellowed, and all sounds subdued.
The hills -eemed farther, and the streams sang low ;
in a dream, the distant woodman hewed
His winter log with many a muffled blow.
The embattled forests, erewhile, armed in gold.
The r banners bright with every martial hue,
X W OD. like sonic sad L>eaten host of old
Withdrawn afar iu Time's remotest blue.
0 >'imVrotts wir.pr< the vulture tried his flight ;
The D C .-carte heard his sighing mate's complaint ;
VM.I like a -tar. si >W downing iu the light,
The v.llage church vane seemed to pale and faint.
T: E ' '1 cock UPON the hill-side crew —
Crew I!:r. e. and all WAS stiller than before—
> nt ! - one replying warder blew
11 -al A h M, a:ul then WAS heard no more.
\\ ,- T .. the jay within the elm's tali crest
Ma !-■ garni 'TIS trouble round her unfledged young ;
An i W ...ve the . riole huug her -waving ne-t,
L?v every light wind like a ceuser swuug ;
\\ ..ere -ma the a N-y INASOAS of the eaves.
;v -wail w> circling ever near,
y - I.N.a. A- the ru-ti • mind believes.
An early iiarvi -t and a plenteous year :
\\ RECI ry b.rd which charmed the vernal feast,
- -ok the sweet -lumber from its wings at morn.
T warn the rea; Tr> of the rosy ea.-t :
A: now wa- songlese. empty, AND forlorn.
AI NR. fr'in -nit the stubUe. piped the quail.
Ar.A R aked the crow, through ali the dreamy glcvm :
A'.: < the pheasant, drumming in the vale.
CV ho to the di-tant collage l" 'tu.
T RI 1 VR.V- no bud. no bloom upon tin- bower- :
T:,l' icr wove their tlun shrouds night by night ;
T . T:. :! -D the ou'.y gho.-t of flowers.
- ; v'y .y—passed noiwh out of sight.
A". ; -in this most cheerless air,
'. >•. re the odbiae shi L upon the PORCH
it.- ; -- n leaves, as if the year -T-S-D there.
FU-.NG fir FLCE-R with bis inverted torch ;
A-.id ai! th -. the centre f the scene.
T. C -I'.. to H...rod matron, with ra n.-t -nous bead,
T : th- -w::T whivl. and with her joyless UII-N.
Sc.: I.ke a Fate, and watched the fly tag thread.
SHE had known - rrow. He had W ..Iked with her.
V t supped, and br- ke with h. r the a-hca ira. t ;
And. in tiie UcadTeaves. still she HEAR.L the -tir
Of ins Uack MANTLE VRADIITG U the U .-L
While yet her cheek W.c- .-right a it'a sutnaier UxNB,
Her c- AN try summoned, and she G-VC HER ali.
And twice, war bi>wed to her his sable plume —
RO-gare the sword*, to rust upon the wIL
De-gave the -wv-d*—bat r. >f t V - hand t'-at v'.-ew.
AND sir... k for IUR rty the DY IUG U. w ;
N\>r H;ai. wh •t- FC> s.re A:.wi cou;. try true.
Fell 'mid the ranks of the invading t -e-
L- rg. but e t l-md. the Jr. irg wheel wen: -n.
i kt th-. Inarai.ir- of a hive at r.o -a ;
DME. but NI T'. Hid. the memory of the E ne.
Breathed ti:ro..eh her -. a -ad and Ucm.tl us tr.ne.
AT LA-t the thread wa- -n.s; ;HC,I_; , R | AD w.,% BOWED—
I. VIR-PX i the D'-TASTKRONGH B-s FCd- serene :
A I' C -RE neighbors -nt V.thed her careful -hr-ud.
WUAE Death and Winter CLO-ed the Autama SCENE.
School Directors' Ccnveaticn.
r .--nar.t to a call of the State Sup- rinten
fifßt of Coramoß Schools, a convent ion of school
directors of Bradford Gouty met at Tovud*,
Satordaj Julv 24th. a:..! arganixt i by ekct
; Pr WM CORYELL. Preside, and O
J. Orw k and 11. Hoveu. fiecwtariML
ri:i ffli tioii of 11. Booth, Esq., ri e D rectors
• M ca'.Ud. ar.D the nanus of the Directors
■ te-ir.t enrolled.
A : tfiee iraa appointed to draft nsob
os v. rcsaive of the Bene of tkeeom htlon.
irsisting -f J. Hendricks. C. Nichols and O.
1 Emery.
Tae v iiiui ttee retired, and ia a short time
t turned, prejmred to rejort Iu the aE-ence
e i-ommittt-e, B. Cogswell, L-q.. offered
*•-? ' -ilowing :
R - ved T: at the salary of the County Sa
'*r ' -deer is inadeijuate. and should Ih> iu
v- 1 to -uch a sum as will be a reasonable
?.-ati for his services.
And -u; rt-sl the same in an address of
• - oytii The resolutiou WAS. OU motion,
r "ERR D TO the committee.
A - r.es of resolutions were offered by Mr.
- * .... wire al-o referred to the com
. i: --otni itee ajrain retired, aitd after a
: re port ed a series of resolutions.
* ; --.re accepted. A motion prevailed to
' -' t - r the resoiatiotis separately, aud iu or
i r wt-re accordinglv considered, and the
WU the seventh, inclusive, passed with, at
- • fifT Ia the rth reso
r- the County Sujwrinten
. Teachers" It -t.tutcs in each town
" t - the couatj —H. L Scott. Esq . moved
ftpooe. Carried. 11 Booth moved to
■'■'■•■ AT the vote to postp>oue. After some
. ' •" ' the vote was taken and carried in
i"rg .t r Mr. Scott then offered, as a
1". -t- to the one under consideration, ase
stions vpposinfr the county soper
i(," ' "h T ai-d necotnuvendir-ir township sopcr-
N. Matters pertaining to the of
i salary, division of State
.. *st on A". were discussed Amotion
rei]estinp the County Supernten
tress the convention. Several calls
. by persons iu the room, requesting
g. 43 ccowt of what be had d-oae,
by g': ri sg a.s accocmt of the
THE BRADFORD REPORTER.
manner in which the State appropriation was
divided ; showing that the salary of the super
intendent did not lessen the appropriation to
the schools of the county ; that our taxes were
not increased by the same, and then detailed
briefly what he had done.
After some further discussion the question
was called and substitute last by a vote of yeas,
-3—nays, 30. The resolution was adopted.
IT. L. Scott moved to adjourn, sine die. Lost,
j "23—nays, 30.
The ninth resolution was adopted.
The tenth resolution was read, and amotion
; made to amend, bv iuserting SIOOO as the sala
jry of the county superintendent. H. Booth
j moved to amend the amendment, by adding
SSO0 —making $1,500, which was carried by
a vote of yeas, 29—nays, 24. and the resolu
tion adopted as amended.
Resolved, That general intelligence among
the people is the oulv guaranty of our institu
tions.
Resolved, That we recognize in the common
school system, a scheme well calculated to
subserve the educational interests of our state,
if pro|erly modified and carefully carried out.
Resolved, That by throwing the burden of
education on each separate district, the gener
al character of our common school system is
destroyed ; a< well as its general utility. That
we believe the leading and chief principle in
our common school system to be— that the pro-
If ft vof the State shall educate her children ;
and that all shall be taxed alike for this pur
pose.
Resolved. That the views expressed in our
county superintendent's report on the inequali
ty and therefore unfairness of our present mode
of taxation for school purposes, meets our ap
probation ; and that in our view this defect in
our school law, more thau all else defeats its
general usefulness.
Resolved. That as a convention, represent
ing the common interests of Bradford county,
we resjKvtfully but earnestly call the attention
of the head of the school department at llar
risburg, to this question for a decision : trust
ing to his deep sympathy for the success of our
common school sy.-tem ; his j*-rfeet know led ere
of the original design, aud thorough acquain
tance with the present working of this public
enterprise.
R solved. That we request our representa
tives to take such steps in this matter as our
interests and their duty to the whole county re
quires ; and if they do not heed this admonition
we will s e that their places are filled bv more
faithful men.
11 solved. That we believe that onrcommon
school system cannot be entirely sueee-sful. s<
long as tin ri vretary of the Commonwealth :-
at it- head ; and that we recommend a speedy
separation and a distiuct organization of the
school department.
Resolved, That the present deficiency of onr
schools is mainly attributable to the absence
of good teachers : and as a teuq>orury exjxdi
c.t to :• iprove them, we request our county
sup rln".- dent to hold or cause to be held iu
the townships of the county a TEACHERS* IN
STITUTE of five days duration. This to be an
; additional duty to be imposed upon that of
! ties.
Resolved. That we believe if the whole de
- g:. of cur school law, the intention of the
vi-i ry super'ntendency, and the pay of that
off, r was fuliy understood, our system
would :.i -i t with bale opjtositiou. Tiiis would
indue-? its officer to work better, aud make the
whole more useful. Confident as w•> are th re
fort of Atgml btwft resulting therefrom,
we request onr superintendent to lecture on.
and explain this subject iu every school house
in the county whore the people will come to
hear him.
R -.-olved, That we believe the duties of the
county superintendent of this county to be more
; severe, requiring as much mental and more
: phy-kal labor thau any other county sniierin
tendeat in the State ; aud scth.g aba that
through the muiiificiuie of our Legislature the
salary of this officer dxs not increase our tax.
does i.or diminish in any degree our share of
the stare appropriation to the - - of this
county, and is iu no wise any audit otiai cost to
the c•: ry or its tax-payers, we iuiivase the
salary of our county superintendent to ffteen !
hundred dollars per annum.
On motion adjourned.
I hereby certify the above and foregoing to j
l*e a comet copy of the whtioM pattea in |
convection of u.rectors of Bradford county,
held July 2>;h. 1855. O. J. CHUBBUCK.
II w rv TREAT A COLD. —Many a useful life
may be spami to be iw rtmiiiglj useful, by i
cutting a cold short off, in the follow .ag sate
and simple manner. Ou the first day of taking
a coi-1. there is a very unpleasant sensation of
chiiiness. The moment you observe tir-c -goto
your riiui and stay there ; keep it at .-acii a
teiujierature as will entirely preveut this chilly
feeling, even if it requirts a hundred degrees
of Fahrenheit. In addition put your feet in
water, half leg deep as hot as you can bear it. i
adding hotter water from time to time for a <
quarter of an hour, so that the water shall be
boUar when you take your fee* out thau when ;
yon put them in it ; then dry them thoroughly,
and put on warm, thn k woolen stockings, even 1
if it be -utniner. for summer colds are the most
dangerous ; aud for twenty-four hours eat not
an atom • fc--d ; but driuk as largely as you
desire of any kind of wann teas, and at the
end of that t.me, if not sooner, the cold vdi
be effectually brokeu, w.thou; any medicine
whatever.
LIGHTING THE LAWFS or HEAVFN. —We find
the following unique explanation of electrical
pheaumvna ia the New k or k Knickerbocker.
A hi tie girl, the idol of a friend of ours, was
sitting by the window one evening during a
violent thunder storm. apparently striving to
grapple some proposition too strong for her
childish nund. Presently a smile of triumph
lit up her features as she exclaimed. " Oh. 1
know what makes the lightning ; it's God light
ing his lasps acd throwing the stateLes down
r.e.-(v'
PUBLISHED EVERY SATURDAY AT TOWANDA, BRADFORD COUNTY, PA., BY E. O'MEARA GOODRICH.
" RESARDLESS OF DENUNCIATION FROM ANT QUARTER."
[For the Cradford Reporter.] -
COUNTY SUPERINTENDENT.
MR. EDITOR : In the report of the proceed
ings of the late School Directors' Convention,
published in your paper of the 4th iust., I tiud
myself classed among those who voted for the
increase of Mr. OUTER'S salary. A little ex
planation may not be improper. I opposed the
increase of his salary from first to last, and at
all times when opposition could avail anything.
After a resolution to increase his salary had
been passed, which resolutiou I total against,
the alternative was presented as of making that
salary SIOOO, or SISOO. I voted for the latter
smu, stating in connection with my vote (as
your reporter has correctly stated) that I be
lieved it would hasten the of the law crea
ting the office of county superintendent. I be
lieve so still. Either sum would !>e an out
rage. But had it been fixed at SIOOO, the
people might have borne with it and submitted
to it for a year or two, when it would ha\e
been a precedent and pretext for another grab
at the school funds of the county. Now, I
think, they will see the outrage so plainly, and
feel it so keenly, that they will arouse them
selves to such action in the matter as will at
an early day relieve them of the whole tiling ;
and thus in the end it will be a less burden
than would have beeu the SIOOO salaey. Could
the other counties of the State lie made to sec
and feel as sensibly as we must and do the
odiousness of this law, not a man would be sent
to the uext legislature ex PLEDGED to its REPEAL.
Already the friends of the measure are en
deavoring to quiet the minds of the people and
hush up their indignant uiutteringsby announc
ing the editorials of the Argus, that it costs
Bradford County nothing. But will they be
lulled into submission by such a brilie ? Per
mit me to put in jnxtaqiosition two verv im
]K>ruuit paragraphs :
Brattfor,l Argus. j ,tr! of the Legislature See. 29
It was . icartv dcnionstra- Which said compensation
ted to the Convoi tion that|(to r >n!:ty superintendents)
tile -ularv of th.- officer '-he.U p.t.J |.y the saj>er
(county SUJH rmte-ident.) i* ::!• :d.: tof comTtvn -.'li'. I s
'•of taktn out oj the county' '.':>>* his warrant drawn. Ac.,
share of the State apprvpria- A: id shall VI) ft DUCTED
tion. a;..! that it <ues not addlfrvm the aouuir.t of the Stc'.e
one farthing to the tares oj, appropriation to be j-niJ to
the County. 'he sere rat school districts
l/br said County.
AY Inch i< the lH*tter authority ? It was urg
ed iu convention that $30,000 were added to
the usual State appropriation, inferentiall y. for
the purpose of paying the several county super
intendents, but in consequence of fixiug their
salaries " so outrageously low," a larzo amount
of this sum remained unexpended, and would
fail back into tue general funds of the ritate,
to le fished out by the Harrisburg Lawks, if
not voted to the county sojieriutendents. Let
us look into this a little. Of this $30,000, the
several county superintendent- have received
mou- sum of $2,102 50. Of this Mr. ULYER
has got the lion's share, (SIOOO. leaving about
the same amount to be divided among sixty
two other county superintendents. Mr. GCYER
wanted s2oto. lie should have a?ked just
$2,102 50. and his friends should have voted
it to him. inasmuch as it co.-t the county noth
ing. This would have "swept the board, and
kept it aii away from those At licks at Harris
burg.
Bui for the facts. Two hundred and thirty
thousand dollars were appropriated by the
State for school pur}K>ses. and if it has not ali
l>een exj-onded. it is ti.e State Superirtvndeut's
fault, for the salaries of aii the comity sujxr
intendents were known to him before any dis
tribution of the school fund was made. It was
not necessary, therefore, fur him to withhold
any of that appropriation for emergencies, for
there were none to meet. Again :if it f.- not
ail expended, we sbaii have more for another
year, unless it be voted to the county su|-erin
tendents ; for that appropriatiou cannot fail
back into the general fund—cannot be unap
propriated except by act of the Legislature.—
The school system is a continuing system, and
what belongs to it and is unexpended oncy ar
is on hand for another. So much for all this
"blow" about the $30,000.
1 hare seen fit to say thus much with refer
ence to the reasons given for increasing Mr.
GUYER'S salary. I will hereafter redeem my
promise to examine the practical workings of
this branch of the late school law, and give
some further reasons for opposing the increase
of his salary. Yours, Ac. K.
- SHESHEQCIN, August 7. 1^55.
HINT TO BARRISTER?. —The following is a
useful hint to bam.-ter? who offer rira r act re
ports to the bercb :—There is a wade step be
tween tr.e advocate aed witness. An acute
but severe judge once remarked to a jury—
" The counsel has said, " I think this, and I
believe that." A counsel h*s no right to say
what he thinks, or what he believes ; but since
be has told you, gentlemen, his belief, I will
tell you mine ; that, were you to believe hiia,
and acquit his client, he would be the very
first mac ia the world to laugh at yoc."
NOT A BAD GUESS. —Daring anniversary time
in New York, a bey bis companion
what was the reason for so many Ministers
meeting together every year ?—lbe ou>er COD
tdentij KOfwered. "To exehaage st rnaoos to
r# sure *
The Wheeler Slave Case—Decision of
Judge Kane.
The U. S. A.ex.rel. Hlheeler vs. Passmore
Williamson —Sur. Habeas Corpus, 27th July, |
1855.—Colonel John H. Wheeler, of North |
Carolina, the United States Minister to Nica- j
ragua, was ou board a steamer at one of the j
Delaware wharves, on his way from Washing
ton to embark at New York for his post of
duty. Three slaves belonging to him were j
sitting at his side on the upper deck.
Just as the last signal-hell was ringing, Pass- j
more Williamson came up to the party —do- j
dared to the slaves that they were free—and J
forcibly pressing Mr. Wheeler aside, urged them .
to go ashore, fie was followed bysomedozon j
or twenty negroes, who by muscular strength (
carried the slaves to the adjoining pier ; two j
of the slaves at least, if not all three, struggling j
to release themselves, and protesting their wish
to remain with their master ; two of theneoro !
mob iu the meantime grasping Col. Wheeler by i
the collar and threatening to cut his throat if j
he made any resistance.
The slaves were borne along to a hacknev
coach that was in waiting, and were conveved
to some place of concealment : Mr. William- :
sou following and urging forward the mob ; I
! and giving his name and address to Col. Wheel
er, with the declaration that he held himself
responsible towards him for whatever might be !
his legal rights ; but taking no personally ac- j
tive part iu the abduction after he had left the |
deck.
I allowed a writ of h beas corpus at the in
stance of Col. Wln-eler, and subsequently an '
alias; and to this la-t Mr. Williamson made 1
i return, that the persons named in the writ. " nor
either of th ou, are not now nor was at the time j
j of issuing of the writ, or the original writ, or
lat any other tiiue. in the custody, power, or j
possession of the resjiondent, nor by him con-1
; fined or restrained : wherefore he cannot have j
the bodies," etc.
At the hearing I allowed the relator totra- j
j verse this rtturu : and several witnesses, who i
were asked by him, testified to the facts as 1
' have recited them. The District Attorney. ,
upon this state <f fa<-ts, moved for William
son's commitment, 1 for contempt in mak-j
iug a false return : 2. to take hi.- trial for per
jury-
Air. Williamson then to.-k the stand to purge !
himself of contempt. He admitted the facts
substantially as in proof before : made it plain
that he had been an adviser of the project,and
had given it his confederate sanction through- i
| out. He renewed his denial that he had con
trol at at any time over the movements of the j
slaves, or knew their present whereabouts.—
Such is the ease, as it was before me ou the '
hearing.
I cannot look j>on this return otherwise
than as illusory—iu legal phrase, as evasive il .
not false. It sets out that the alleged prison
■ or- are not now, and have not been since the
issue of the h< '• s corpus, in the custody, pow-!
ler or [*>--essio: of the respondent: and in so
far. it uses legal v appropriate lau_u.se for
-ueli a return. Bat it goes further, and bj add-1
; cd words, girt-s an int rrpretation to that Jan--
' guage essential;*,- variant from its le S -al im
! l 1 0- . i
It denies that the prisoners were within his
power, cu-t-niy or possession at auy time wi.at
j ever. Sow, the evkfeace of wy i lilili, uu
eontra iict.d wit" .and the admission of
the respondent himself, establish the fact be
' yond controversy, that the prisoners were at
one time w-ttiin i,is power ac l control. lie
T -\as tlie ]H.r.-on by whoso counsel the so-ca!ieil
i rescue was devised. He gave the direction.
a:.i to the pier :<• -timulato an : su
pervise th"ir execntion. lie was the sp-okes
man and fir-t actor after arrivin? there. i>f
all the partiis to the act of violence, he was
the only white man. the only citizen, the only
it. \l\i inal having recognized political rights,
the only p-r-oa whose social training could
certainly interpret cither his own dntie= or the
rights of others under the constitution of the
1 1 " i " L
It would le futile, and worse, to argue that
!. -> who has organlz -d and gui-led, and headed
a ni"b, to effect the alxln -tion and iicpri-on
ment of others—he iu presence and by
whose at'ivc i'-tiuenee the al-duction and im
pri; nun ..t Lave Ixcn brought about—might
excuse himself from n -pility by
rloa that it was not his hand that made the
unlawful assault, or that he never acted s- the .
jtioler. lie who unites with other- to < -nmit
a crime shares i:h them aii the legal ii_Lui: ries
that attend on it -comuii.-aion. lie chooses his
c enpaay and a!opts their acts.
This is the r,.-tr. ntive la v of all cor-certed
crimes : and its argument apjdie-with pemliar
force to those ca_-es :n u iiich redress and pre
vention of wnc'-ig are throngh the writ
jof hitlers crrpus. This, thegrtat remedial pro
j ccss by whhh fibcttj is vindicated and re>tor- j
' ed. tolerates r-- lancnacre in the r---r-Bse which
|it calls for that cau nc.'.-k a subt- rfoge. The
dearest interests of—l fe, personal safety, tio
j mestic peace, social repose, all that rap can j
value. that is wort!: living for—are involved
;in thi< principle. The institutions of sod *y
would lose more than half their value, ac-1 ourt*
of justice become inirsoteiit for protection, if
| the writ of Habeas corpus could cot compel the
i truth —full, direct, and unequivocal—in answer
to i's mandate.
It will not do say to the man. whose wife
- or whose daughter has been abducted, " I did
not abdu-rt her : she is BO in my possession :
, 1 do not detain her ; inasmuch as the assaolt
' was made by the band of my subordinates. a;.d
I have forborne to ask where they projose con
sansmati-g the wrorg "
It is dear. then, at :t seems to me. thai in
' legal aoeeptaace the parties whom this writ
cai'.cd oc Mr. \Y....ix.-on to produce, w-.rc at
j occ time within hi.- j*owex and control ; and
his answer, so far a; ;t relates tc his power over
them, makes no distinction between that time
aoa the present. I cannot gm a different in
terpretation to his language from that which
. he has practically given himself, and cannot re
i card him as denying hi? power over theprison-
I ers COT. when hip docs not arer that ho fca? ]
I lost the power Hiiet L*. bad. <
He has thus refused, or at least he has fail
ed, to answer to the command of the law. He
has chosen to decide for the law
fulness as well as the moral propriety of his act,
and to withhold the ascertainment and vindi
cation of the rights of others from that same
forum of arbitrament on which ali his own rights
repose. In a word, he has put himself in con
tempt of the process of this court and challenges
its action.
Tiiat action can have no alternative form. —
It is one too clearly defined by ancient and
honored precedent, too indispensable to the
administration of social justice and the protec
tion of human right., and too potentially invok
ed by the special exigency of the case now be
fore the court, to excuse even a doubt of my
duty or an apology for its immediate perform
ance.
The cause was submitted to me by the learn
ed counsel for the respondent without argument,
and I have therefore found myself at some loss
to undersaiid the grounds on which, if there be
auy such, tin v would claim the discharge of j
their client. One only has occurred to me as. !
perhaps, within his view ; and on this I think
it right to express my opinion. I will frankly \
reconsider it, however, if anv future aspect of j
the case shall invite the review.
It is this : That the j>ersons named in this j
writ as detained by the respondent, were not
legally slaves', inasmuch as they were within i
the territory of I'cnusylvania when they were :
abducted.
IV atving the inquiry whether, for the pur- j
1 >oses of this question, they were within the
territorial jurisdiction of Pennsylvania while
passing from one state to another uj>on the na
vigable waters of the United Stales—a jioint
ou which my first impressions are adverse to
the argument—l have to say :
1. That I know of no statate. either of the j
United States, or of Pennsylvania, or of New j
Jersey, the only other state that !as a qualifi
ed jurisdiction over this part of the Delaware,
that authorizes the forcible abduction of any
jicrsou or any thing whatsoever, without
claim of property, unless iu aid of legal [>ro
cess :
2. That 1 know of no statute of Pennsylva-,
nia. which affects to divest the rights of pro
jK-rty of a eitizcu of North Carolina, acquired j
and asserted under the of that stat \ be-:
cause he has found it needful or convenient to
pass through tiie territorv of Peun-vlvania :
3. That I am not aware that ativ such I
>tatute. if such a one were shown, could bo 1
recognized as valid iu a Court of the United
States.
4. That it <eeins to me altogether unimpor
tant whether they were slaves or not. It would ,
IK- the mockery of philanthropy to assort that,
because men had become free, they might there
fore be forcibly a' ducted.
1 have said nothing of the motives bv which
the respondent has been governed : 1 have ;a> .
thing to do with them ; they may give Ictu
support and comfort before an infiniteiv higher
tribunal: !do cot impugn them here.
Nor do i allude, on the other Lund, to those j
special claims upou onr hospitable
which the diplomatic character "f Mr. Wbed- j
er inig.it to assert f-r aim. 1 am doubtful
whether the acts of Congress do not rive to him
a\d his retinue and his property that prot"c
tiou a- a representative of the sovereign tv of
the United States which thev cone:-In to a!!
sovereignties Ix-sides. Whether, under the
general law of nations, he could not a.-k a
oroader priv.lege than some jud'cial precedents
n;-• em to admit, is not necessarily iuvolv
eii in the cause l>efore me.
It is enough that I tinfl. as the case -lands <
now. the plain and simple grounds of adjudiea-'
tiou. that Mr. Williamson has not return d
truths tiiy and fuUy to the wrif of habeas cor
pus. He roust, therefore, stand committed for j
a contempt of the leca! process of the court, j
A< to tne -econd rootson of the District At
ton:y—that wiiich looks to a committal for
perjury—l withhold an expression of opinion
in regard to it. It is unnecessary, ljecawse Mr
WiHiwif U-ing under arr* st. he may be!
charged at any time by the Grand Jury • and
I apprehend that there may be doubts wliether
the affidavit should not be regarded as extra
judicial an I voluntan*.
Let Mr. dViuiatii-on, the respondent. Ie
committed to the custody of the marshal with
out bail or mainprize. a :Yr a cot.uetiq t f th
court in refusing to answer to the writ of rule <
corpus, heretofore awarded again?; hiin at tlie j
relation of Mr. Wheeler.
T : -E REMOVAL OF GOV. R^FUES. —The West
Cut ter Repul Va*, the organ of the Demo
era., ry of Chester eoanty. hoi Is the following •
language :
T.;e n moval of GOT. Ileeder has at length >
taken place, l>eiug officially announced in the I
Wasiiiiigtoii Union. We Lave been exat iiuir.g
our DeoKK-ratlc exchanges from ali parts of j
Peunsy'vaaia, and have not, as yet. found a
single one that justifies the act of the- Adtninis- J
tiA*>- ; wLlie->me of the leading a:.. me-'
iritluontial jouriiais denounce it ia the severest ;
torn,-. TI :e papers that Lave =e.a everyth: _
to approve and nothing to condemn iu the
coarse of President Pierre pre-.-rve as:
o-oiniou- slle-g.-e. There is evidently a fvehng
iu the h.art of the -rem Dtmocracy of tais '
State. t..at burrs with indignation a; L"> flrt :
of UM National Execativ -. For the sake of :
the glorioo- rsirty that was three years ago
looked urou .is invincible, it may smother iu '
strar."!. g fiery wrath, bat this deliberate
ig.-ul" to P. aiisjlvania. and the craven sab-.
serv.t- ry to the bshests of a Missouri mob,
will rot soon be forgotten. We dare not trust
ourselves to speak of this case as onr feelings
dictate, and we therefore leave it for the
present.
A Votes: FROM HENRTCLAT — RTNXTCLAT.
in hts last speech in the United States Senate,
said : " I repeat it. ar. I never cac, ana never
will, and no earthly power can make me Tote
directly to spread slavery over territory where
it does zot exist. Ncrer. while reason holds
ber sea! in mr trait;—never, while my heart
pea k the rind fiaki through my vein? — me
-1 ver -
vol.. XVI. NO. 10.
How to be Healthy.
There is hut one way to preserve the healih,
and that is to live moderately, take proper
exercise and he in the fresh air as much as
possible. The man who is always shut up in a
close room, whether the apartment be a
minister's study, a lawyer's office, a professor's
labatory or a merchant';; gaslight store, is defy
ing nature, and mu-t, sooner or later pav the
penalty. If his avocation renders such confine
ment uecessary during a portion of the vear he
can avoid a premature break down of the
constitution only by tukiug exercise during the
long vacations of the summer and winter
mouths. The wa-te of stamina must bo re
stored by frequent and full draughts of mountain
and sea air, by the pa: sat of the sportsman, by
travel, or other similar means. Every man has
felt the recuperative effects of a month or two
of relaxation knows from Ids experience how
general its influence on the spirits ; how it
almost recreates him, so to speak. Between
the Ld brought up to physicial exercise in
the invigorating open air, and one kept
continually at school or at the factory, there
is an a by-.- of difference which becomes more
more perceptible every year, as manhood
approaches, the one expanding into stalwart,
full chested health, while the other is never
more than a half completed man.
The advantages of exercise are as great to
females also. 11 that we have said about pre
serving in the man is as true to the opposite
sex. But this is not the whole. The founda
tion of beauty in woman is exercise and fresh
air. No c smet!es are equal to these. The
famous Diana of I'uietiers who mantained her
loveliness until die was nearly sixty, owed this
extraordinary resnit, in her own oji nion, to her
daily bath, early rising, ami her exercise in the
saddle. English ladies of rank are celebrated,
the wi>r!d for their splendid persons and
brilliant complexions, and they are proverbail
for sheir attention in walking, riding, and the
h urs spent daily out of doors. The sallow
check-, stooping figures, susceptibility to cold,
and almost eoustant ill health, which prevails
among American wive- and daughters gent rally,
ar-to i e attributed almost entirely to their
-ed. ntary life. ar; l to the iufirmiuity caused by
the same life on the part of their parents. A
woman can no more become beautiful in the
true -cr-e of that term, or ever remain so,
with' :t plentiful exertion in the open air, than
a plant can thrive without light. If we put
the iatter into a cellar, it either dies outright,
or refuse- to bloom. Shall we wilt our sisters,
wives or daughters, by similar deprivation of
what necc -ary to their harmonious develop
ment.
SwEi.tt.-.o r —lt is singular that this
nee, wl: • j< con-ldered so delicate and
rfr -shing a ]>■ rfume, should l>e prepared by
chemical art from matters of the mo?? obnoxi
ous character to the nasal organ ; yet -ueh is
the fact T proj or ch mical term for smell
ing sab. i- ou: . >a':a ; it originally derived its
n me from !i ;• ;.ip;c of Jupiter Ammonia, in
I."by:*, a d'-trii t of Erypt, in the neighborhood
of whi.-h : t w?> manufactured. InEgvnt
th° clii; f fuel is be dun? of the camel; arid
as all avmil sub-iances yield a large portion
of ammonia, there Ls much of it in this
substance ; hen :c the soot arising from its
ex 1 nstlon im: regnated with ammonia, from
which '? i- a* rward-;b?tracted. In Eurote,
ammonia n—i to be made by distilling bones,
horns, j f h ides, and other waste animal
matter from the tana ani nlaajhtrr hmr •
but latterly a < 1.- iper sonee has Iwea discover
ed. tnmely. frvni tie? refuse of the manufacture
of coal gas. It is found that all plants ar.d
coal which i- of vegetable origin) yield, by
d.>t.l!atioa, from otie to three per cent, of
ammonia. Many other substances come
with the ammonia in the di-tilling apnarata-,
which are horrible to but which the
cinrnlst and j* -rfumer rectifv. so as at lea-t
to produce tliat exquisite pe-.*um; which is
carried bv the ladles, eiica-.i Lu crvilal, gold,
and silver.
C.ujjorv \\D the Missorsi Cerrr.ovT-'.—
A chapter in the second volume *f i\>i.
Benton's " Tulrty Years* View" cm'a n- a
■ : . - - :• of Mr. (VLoun in irS*-,
-'". ••viag tha* b- had lon in fav.r of the
Missouri Compromise at the time it wa< adopt
ed —blamed Mr. Itaudolpb for hi-" uncomjco
... -:.g < 'pjjc-.J:ou to it—and had s:uee " chuag
ed" h:s eponn - i .cause it eppooraged the
aWlti'.'T'S. T'• \ -.ra -ity of tL.t chapt- r
having been ru i-ly l—ifad, and appßcstk*
having l>-en made to Col. Benton to confirm
the as—r;iou that the aa-aer- of Mr. Cainou i
:ii tic- <tlf-r c : ";..r- . f Mr. M'-ar-.-s
wen? found in the State Departamft while Mr.
Join M. Clayton wa- Secretary <f the State,
fob Baton addressed a note of inquiry to Mr.
V!ai~toa, w loaa-weml that, though the ques
tion and answer? cannot be found, the archives
of the d-.partment show that they were indexed
and filed. Mr. Clayton was told thev hid
been abstract' 1 from the records and con! 1
not be foot; but he d d not n:tk p a -eanrhfor
i 11. oa. '.-rerdoubted that Mr.
Calhoun at least a- |u'e>-e.l ia the of
that day. Since he left the Department of
State, he bas heard it rura.r. 1 that Mr.
Calhoun'- aL- r->r to Mr Monroe's aeries had
be--!! found but knows rot apon whit auti.or.tv
tut statement was made.
A Wise —" You mac. tot play with
that girl, my dear." sa.a an injudicious
parent.
" Bat. tna. I like her: she is a good little
girl; and Ini sure she dresses as pretuiy as
ever I do ; and she has lots of toys."
•'I cannot help that, sty dear." responded
the foolish, mother ; " her father is a sboetna.-
jkiff"
I But I dos t play wjtfc her father ; I p'sr
with her ; ahe a stioemaker.'
i&" " There is a wousaa at the bottom of
every mischief," said Joe.
" Yes," re plied Charley, " whea I use to get
•ato aetschief, asy mother'-was at the bc-rtvu :f
ae '