Bank Veto Message of Governor Pollock.
KxKcrrivu CHAMBER. March 2.1, 1855.
To the Senate and Hout.c of Representative* :
GENTLEMEN: —I herewith return to the House
of K' presentatives. in which it originated, bill
No. entitled "An Act authorizing the in
corporation of the Bank of Pottstown," with
niy objections to the sjiuie. Should the nuni
bcr of banks and the amount of banking capi
tal in the State be increased ; nod if so, to
what extent, and in what localities, are ques
tion* that deserve and should receive u careful
and candid consideration. If local and per
sona! interests are permitted to determine these
questions, the answer will be found in the un
usual and extraordinary number of applications
for bank charters now pending before the Le
gislature.
lint the number of applications is no just
criterion by which todetermiue either the wishes
or the wants of the community in this regard.
Their number, and the pertinacity with- which
they are pressed, have startled and alarmed the
public mind : nor has the favorable action of
the Legislature in granting these demands serv
ed to allay the apprehensions and fears thus
excited. The policy of the past few years may
have been too severely and unnecessarily re
strictive ; yet this policy should be preserved,
rather than abandon the State and the interest
of her people to the destructive influences of a
wild and reckless system of banks and banking.
That some increase of banking capital is neces
sary in certain localities within this Common
wealth, will not be denied ; that a large in
crease is not demanded, either by public senti
ment, or the public weal, is a truth equally
undeniable. In the creation of banks, a sound
and honest discrimination as to number, lo
cality, and the demands of trade should be ex
ercised.
Their number should be determined, more by
the actual wants of legitimate trade, than by
the wild fancies of stock jobbers and rash specu
lators. The sudden and unnecessary expan
sion of the currency should be avoided ; and
whatever tends to produce such a result ought
to be discountenanced, and if possible, preven
ted. The history of banking, in our own and
other States, is full of useful lessons on this
subject, Experience should teach us wisdom ;
and onr present and future actions, in relation
to banks and banking, should be regulated and
controlled by her teachings. The advantages
to be derived from an increased number of
banks are more fancied than real. It is an er
ror to suppose that an increase of banking capi
tal adds to the actual capital of the State or
nation. Banking capital is but the aggrega
tion of individual capital, previously existing,
rendered more efficient, perhaps, but not
more useful by such aggregation, and the spe
cial privileges conferred by the act of incorpo
ration.
Circulation is not capital, nor does it increase
or represent capital. As the representative of
credit, based upon the ability of the bank to
redeem its promises, it becomes, when proper!v
limited, a useful auxiliary to trade and com
merce—when unlimited and excessive, it not
only ceases to be useful, but becomes danger
ous and destructive to the financial and indus
trial interests of the people. Without an in
crease of banks, and the facilities they afford,
the commercial and industrial interests of the
eouutry would suffer no serious reverse. In
convenience might be experienced, and the
more rapid, and for that reason, the more dan
gerous progress of business arrested. 'But this
i* preferable to the concomitant evils of an in
flated currency; overtrading, rash speculation,
and a depreciated currency, always terminating
in bankruptcy and ruin. "That such would be
the result, if the numerous banks now before
the Legislature should be chartered, cannot be
be seriously doubted. Personal and private in
terests may magnify the importance and neces
sity of incorporating these banks ; but no con
sideration of public policy or interest could
justify their creation. Such financial policy
would be nothing less thau financial madness
and folly.
In population, wealth, trade and commerce,
our progress during the past ten years has been
rapid and unprecedented. Our mining, manu
facturing and industrial interests have been
largely and permanently developed, and are
now in progress of more ample development ;
and yet during tin's period, the additions to our
hanking capital have been almost nominal,
bearing no appreciable proportion to the im
mense increase of the great interests already
enumerated. These facts demonstrate and es
tablish the truth that, although banking facili
ties may and do aid the business of a country,
their increase is not indispensably neeessary to
its progress and rapid development.
l>ut greater facilities might secure greater
results, and, therefore, it is freely admitted
that, although such facilities are not absolute
ly necessary, yet they are important, aud as
aids to legitimate business, under proper limi
tations and restrictions, should bo afforded.
Moderate and reasonable increase of banking
capital, judiciously distributed, might l>c useful
to the increased and increasing trade and com
merce of the State ; but under no circumstan
ces can an extravagant and unnecessary in
crease be justified or defended. Local* and
personal considerations may secure the passage
of numerous acts incorjorating banks, not (re
manded by the business wants of the commu
nity ; but such legislation cannot be sanction
ed by public policy or sustained by public sen
timent.
The financial and commercial embarrassment
from which the country is now slowly recover
ing. requires cautious and prudent legislation,
and demands that the actual and real wants of
business should be regarded, and the true in
terests of the people consulted. A sudden and
excessive inflation of the currency, by the
creation of numerous Danks, might mitigate
and temporarily remove the evils we now suffer,
but in the end, wonld reproduce and aggravate
them. The remedy is more to be dreaded than
the disease, and its consequences ofteu-times
inoro fatal and destructive.
Bank accommodations are and cvernmstbe,
an insecure and unreliable basis of legitimate
business. When everything is prosperous and
money abundant, accommodations are freelv
proffered and loans easily secured. Jn a
monetary crisis, and in the hour of greatest
need, the borrower finds his accommodations
withheld—his paper rejected and his creditor,
the bank, demanding payment of his liabilities.
The banks in self-defence, in seasons of pressure,
are compelled thus to act, to prevent suspeu
sion and their own ruin. In this struggle fot
life, the debtor must first fall, public and pri
vate interests suffer, and a general derangement
of business and the currency immediately
As a remedy for " hard times" and as regu
lators of the currency, banks have siguallv fail
f • A well regulated system of revenue by
*,? " G jverercent, protecting nafionni
'■ " 'iv, an., encouraging the f-riierpriae of the
American people, restraining the enormous and
and now omuiouusly large importations of
foreign products and merchandize, securing the
country against the exhausting drain of the
precious metals, gold and silter, to pay for
products manufactured abroad, which wo should
and could make cheaper at home—such a
system is a better regulation of the currency,
and a more certaiu remedy for financial distress
and commercial evils, than all the banks of
this and other States, that are now, or may be
established by legislative enactment. These
principles require no elaboration. Their truth
is generally admitted. Their application to
particular eases presents a question of more
difficult determination. Discriminations may
be odious, but in view of the action of the
Legislature, on the subject of the incorporation
of new banks, they become important and
necessary. On this discharge of my official
duties in the premises, I may err in judgment,
but will shrink from no responsibility.
Having on the day of my induction into
office, declared that "I would not refuse to
sanction the incorporation of new banks, when
indispensably necessary, and clearly demanded
by the aetual business* wants and interests of
the community in which thay may IHJ located,''
the question now presents itself, is the bank
proposed to be established by this bill necessary
and clearly demanded by the aetuul business
wants and interests of that community? In
determining this question, the locality itself,
its existing banking facilities, its proximity to
other banks and to the great marts of trade,
the means of communication, the amount,
value and character of its trade and business,
and other attendant circumstances should be
considered. From a careful examination of all
these and with proper reference to private and
public interests, I cannot discover the necessity
that requires, or the wants of interests of the
community that clearly demand the creation of
this hank.
Feelings of regard for those who desire the
passage of this bill would prompt its approval.
Considerations of public interest, and the stern
demands of official duty require me to withold
my signature. JAMES POLLOCK.
Repeal of the License Laws.
The following is the bill for the repeal of the
Tavern License Laws, now pending before the
Senate. The Senate's amendments are en
closed in brackets:—
SECTION. 1. Be it enacted, &c., That from
and after the passage of this act, it shall be un
lawful to keep or maintain any house, room or
i plsioe where vinous, spirituous or malt liquors,
or any admixtures thereof are sold and drank,
and all laws or parts of laws inconsistent with
the provisions of this act be and the same are
hereby repealed.
§ 2. That if any person or persons within
this Commonwealth shall keep for sale and sell,
or in connexion with any other business or pro
fitable employment, give, receiving therefor any
price, profit, or advantage, by any measure
whatever, aud at the same time voluntarily af
ford a place or any other convenience or in
ducement, by which the same may be used as
a beverage, any vinous, spirituous, malt, or
brewed liquors, or any admixture thereof, he,
i she, or they, and any one abetting, or assisting
I therein, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemean
j or and subject to an indictment, and upon con
! viction shall be sentenced to undergo an im
i prisonment in the jail of the proper county for
the first offence for a term not less than three
nor more than six months, and for a second of
| fence not less than six nor more than twelve
| months, and in either case to pay a fine not ex-
I eeeding one. hundred dollars.
§ 2. That if any two or more persons con
spire and act together by which one may sell
and the other afford the place or other conve
nience for drinking, with intent to evade the
provisions of this act, he, she, or thev, or either
of them, indicted together or separately, upon
| conviction, shall be sentenced to undergo an
' imprisonment iii the jail of the county, not less
than four nor exceeding eight months, and be
j fined uot exceeding one hundred and fifty dol
i lars.
[§ 4. That it shall be unlawful for any per
son to sell or keep for sale any vinous, spiritu
ous, malt or brewed liquors, or any admixtures
thereof, in cases not hereby prohibited except
upon license granted by the court of Quarter
Sessions of the proper county in accordance
with the laws existing in the several counties I
of this Commonwealth : Provided, That no
such license shall be granted without the pay
ment of three times the unMint now fixed by
law, nor shall it authorize the sale of such li
quors or any admixtures thereof by a less quan
tity or measure than one quart, and any viola
tion hereof shall be punishable in the same
maimer as directed by the second section of
this aet.j
[§ 5. That on the passage of this bill, and
thereafter at the beginning of every year, the
court of Quarter Sessions of the county of
Philadelphia shall appoint three individuals of
good repute for honesty and temperance, and
who shall in no way be connected with, or in
terested in the liquor business, to do and per
form the duties of appraisers of licenses un
der this act in the same maimer now enjoined
by law.]
§ tl. That it shall be the duty of everv con
stable, of every town, borough, township, or
ward within this Commonwealth, at everv term
of the court of Quarter Sessions of each re
spective county, to make return on oath or af
firmation, whether, within his knowledge, there
is any place within his baliwick kept and main
tained iu violation of this act; and it shall be
the especial duty of the judges of all the said
courts to see that this return is faithfully made,
and if any [person] shall make known to such
constable the name, or names of [any one] who
shall have violated this act, with the names of
witnesses who can prove the fact, it shall be
his duty to make return thereof, on oath or af
firmation, to the court, and upon his failure so
to do, he shall be deemed guilty of a misde
meanor, and upon indictment and conviction
shall be sentenced to imprisonment in the jail
of the county for a period not less than one,
nor more than three mouths, and pay a fine not
exceeding fifty dollars.
[§ 7. That this act shall not interfere with
any jierson holding any valid license, until the
time for which the same was ganted shall ex
pire.]
FORKKSX RECRIITINO IN NEW YORK. —The
U. S. District-Attorney, we understand, has
received information that there was an arrange
ment, in New York and Brooklyn, with a
British agent, to enlist men for the service of
Great Britain, and that a number had actually
been enlisted, but since the publication of the
letter of the District-Attorney to the U. S.
Marshall, they had been disbanded, and the
ageru en Saturday left the City. j
fcbforb ilcjiortcr.
E. O. GOODRICH. EDITOR.
fdWANDAi
Satnrban fUornmn, Rlnulj 31. 1835.
MEETING OF THE STANDING COMMITTEE.
The Democratic Standing Committee for
Bradford Comity are requested to meet at the
Ward House, in the Borough of Towanda. on
Wednesday, April 4, 1855, at 1 o'clock, I*. M.
The members of the Committee are urgently
requested l>e be present.
The following named gentlemen compose
the Standing Committee : —E. O. GOODRICH,
CHESTER THOMAS, 11. S. SAT.SIHRY, FRANCIS
HOMET, FRED. ORWAX, MIM> MERRILL, HENRY
GIBBS, JOHN KOWLEE, EUGENE KKELER.
BOUNTY LAND WARRANTS. —Wc understand
that the Commissioner of Pensions will not be
prepared to issue land warrants under the new
law for at least three months to come. - The
plates are yet to be engraved, the blank war
rants printed, the clereical force increased and
other necessary preparations to be mude. The
first warrant under the act giving land to those
who served in the Mexican war, passed Sept.
28, 1850, was not issued until January 11,
1851, more than three months after the law
was passed. We presume it will take at least
as long to get the new warrants ready. This
will give applicants ample time to prepare
their papers, so that no delay will occur when
each case is presented. The Commissioner
had issued his instructions, showing how appli
cations shall be made for bounty land under
the late act and who are entitled. The in
structions say that where the service has been
rendered by a substitute, he is the person en
titled to the bounty. A widow, or if no
widow, a minor child, or minor children may
claim the ljenefit of the act. Persons within
the age of twenty one years, on the 3d of
March, 1855, arc deemed minors.
THE WHEAT CROP.— The Ohio Cultivator
publishes letters from various counties in Ohio
embracing the principal wheat-growing sections,
and the letters all concur in saying that the
breadth of ground covered with wheat is from
one-third to one-fourth less than an average.
This is accounted for by the fact that the long
drough of last summer and fall prevented the
ploughing of sod lands, and fall sowing was
therefore confined to stubble and corn lands.
Resort will be had, as far as possible, to the
sowing of spring wheat ; but as the growing
of that variety of wheat has not been com
mon in Ohio, seed is scarce. There is said to
be in Illinois at least twenty per cent, more
acres in wheat at the present time than in any
previous year. The winter has been exceed
ingly favorable.
PARDON*?. —The Secretary of the Common
wealth announces that Governor Pollock has
adopted certain rules in relation to the appli
cations for pardon, to protect him from impo
sition. Satisfactory evidence will he required
that at least five days previous notice of in
tended applications for pardon was given to
the District Attorney of the city or country in
which the conviction took place, and that at
least ten days previous notice of th,> same was
given in a newspaper published where the
conviction took place. These seem like very
proper rules.
RAILROAD LETTING. —Rv an advertisement
in another column, it will bo seen that the
Barclay Railroad and Coal Company, advertise
a letting of their road from (lie Coal fields to
this place, a distance of about 11 miles, on Sat
urday the 14th day of April next. It is the
intention of the Company, we understand, to
complete this road, as soon as practicable, to
afford an outlet to the very valuable coal and
minerals uj)oii their lands.
CONCERT. —The Mendelssohn (Quartette Club
of Boston, under direction of Prof. W. O. PER
KINS, gave a Concert at the Court House, in
this place of Tuesday evening last. They are
vastly sujierior to the majority of performers,
and their execution gave great satisfaction to
the audience. We can recommend them as
worthy of the patronage of the music-loving
public.
VOTING IN KANSAS. —Gov. Reeder has issued
a proclamation in reference to the election
which is to take place in Kansas, for members
of the legislature, on the 30th inst. The sub
stance of it is, that a voter must dwell thereat
the time of offering his vote, lie must then
have commenced an actual inhabitancy, which
he actually intends to continue permanently ;
and he must have made the Territory his
dwelling, to the exclusion of any other home.
APPOINTMENT BY THE GOVERNOR. —Gov.
Pollock has appointed lion. Thomas S. Bell,
of Chester county, (formerly a Judge on the
Supreme Bench,) to the President Judgeship
of the twenty-second Judicial district, com
posed of the counties of Monroe, Pike. Wayne
and Carbon, to fill the vacancy occasioned by
the resignation of Hon. James M. Porter.—
This appoinraent, we learn, was made in ac
cordance with the umnimaus request of the
bar of the district.
M ORI.D'S FAIRS.- —During the present year,
no less than three European World's Fair Exhi
bitions have been annouueed to take place—
one at Munich, one in Sardinia, and one in
Pars. If in rrpecfcfd ♦be latter *„" i b.> a Cue
diplay.
Letter from Harrisburg,
11-iitKiSBCKQ, Miirrh 27,15.75
The bill to repeal the tavern license laws,
the provisions of which, as now pending in the
Senate, have been fully laid before your readers,
was the special order for Tursday last. No
extensive debate was had upon its provisions,
and no material amendment made to the first
section. The clause in the first section, provi
ding that the bill should go into ojierution im
mediately after its passage, was extended to
the first day of July next, and with this amend
ment it passed second reading by the following
vote :
Yeas—Messrs. Browne, Crabb, Parsie, Fer
guson, Flenuiken, Frazer, Hamlin, Hogc, Ja
mison, Jordan, Lewis, Mellinger, Piatt, Pratt,
Price, Skinner, Taggart, Wherry—lB.
Nays—Messrs. Buckalew, Cress well, Friek,
Fry, Goodwin, Killinger, M'Clintock, Walton,
Hiester, Speaker-—lO.
Present and not voting—Hendricks, Quig
gle, Sellers, Shuuian.
The further consideration of the bill was
then jiostponed until the next day, when it was
again jiostjioned on aceon nt of the indisposition
of Mr. Buckalew, who intends to be heard in
opposition. He has uniformly opposed the en
actment of a prohibitory law and every mea
sure approaching to it. He th inks that the
pending bill will not have the de sired effect of
decreasing intemperance. This opinion is not
shared by a majority of the Senate, who have,
in a measure, been committed to the support
of this bill. There is 110 reason to doubt thut
it will pass by a very decided majority, and
most probably during the coming week.
The veto of Governor Pollock of the bill to
incorporate the Pottstown Bank, shows, in ra
ther a clearer light, where the Governor stands
on this vital question that the uncertain terms
of the Inaugural. While the Governor is to
commended for the decided position he has ta
ken against the inordinate increase of banking
capital, he has nevertheless allowed himself a
privilege of discrimination, which will be odious
to a large number of his party friends, and ex
tremely delicate and difficult to exercise. A
firm determination to veto all applications
would have placed him in a much more com
fortable position, and created fewer personal
enemies. He has 110 duiibt assumed this posi
tion. so unpleasant to himself personally, from
T a firm conviction of duty. It will be curious
to see how his jieculiar party friends, constitu
ting a majority of more than two-thirds in the
House of Representatives, will act in the face
of this veto —whether they will pass this bill
! over his head, or derive some new andenlight
j ened ideas from the veto. They could not
i meet the question immediately, but postponed
it in order to afford time lor eareful perusal and
, consideration.
j The bill to extend the charter of the Bank
of North America, for the period of twenty
| years after the expiration of the present char
ter, passed the Senate Thursday morning by a
larger vote than has been obtained for any
bank application this session, yeas 18, nays 5.
The present charter will expire early in the
year 1857.
The bill relative to Estates held for corpo
rate, religious and charitable uses, the sixth
, section of which prohibits the holding of church
property in perpetuity, as now practiced in the
Catholic Church, under the sanction of a law
passed in 1844, was under consideration in the
Senate yesterday. When this bill was first
presented, it will be recollected that the Bisli-
I ops of Philadelphia and Pittsburg, each memo
rialized the Legislature against the passage of
this sixth section, or any alteration in the man
ner by which church property is now held in
that church, by the Bishops or Trustees. The
reasoning of these memorials failed to convince
the committee of the impropriety of repealing
the act of 1844. Mr. Price entered at length
and very fully into an argument in support of
the pending bill, and among other facts, stated
that the opposition was almost entirely confin
ed to the Ecclesiastics of the Catholic Church,
and that he had received a number of letters
from intelligent Catholic Laymen, entirely aj>-
proving of the object of the bill, extracts from
which he would take the liberty to publish, in
connection with the remarks he made on this
question.
The amendments to the Constitution, pro
posed by Mr. Crabb, requiring a residence of
twenty-one years in this country by foreigners
before they can become citizens of Pennsylva
nia, are now on second reading in the Senate.
The proposition was originally offered as an
amendment to the resolutions passed at the last
session, extensively published for general infor
mation, and again passed at this session, but
were ruled out of order, when they were again
introduced as a distinct measure. The plan of
the prevailing party seems to be to have the
amendments of last session defeated in the
House of Representatives, aud these substitu
ted therefor. If the original proposition should
pass the House, and be submitted to the peo
pled at the next election, no other measure
could be again voted upon within five years,
the Constitution requiring that no amendment
shall be voted upon ofteuer than once in five
years. Hence the importance of defeating the
first proposed amendments in order that the
new doctrines of the day may have a clear and
unobstructed way to the Constitution. Mr.
Crabb's proposition will probably pass the Se
nate.
A bill has been reported in the Senate by
Mr. PRATT, in relation to the formation of new
counties. The bill provides for the appoint
ment by the eourt, of twelve men, resident
within the bounds of the proposed new countv,
who shall constitute a board of Commissioners
and whose duty it shall be to proceed and make
a rejKjrt designating the bounds of the new
"O" n'y- - the ♦cwndsips, county neat, Ac. This
report is to l)e submitted to a voteof the people
resident of the counties from the territory of
which the county is projiosed to be taken ; and j
if a majority of the people decide in favor of
it, the returns are to be sent to the Secretary |
of the Commonwealth, and the Governor re-!
quired, on a examination thereof, to issue his j
proclamation declaring such new county ,
established.
The Senate passed a joint resolution to ad
journ on the 17th of April next. This resolu-1
tiou was taken up in the House on Monday, j
and an amendment adopted substituting the I
24th of April. Mr. CUMMINGS then moved to
strike out the words " sine die.," and insert a
proviso to the effect, that when the House ad
journs on the 24th of April next, it adjourn to .
meet on the first Monday in October next, in
pursuance of the action of the joint convention ;
of the 27tli of February last, for the purpose '
of going into an election of a IT. S. Senator, j
The amendment was debated by Messrs. i
Foust, Johnson, Lott, McCombs, Frailey, J
Cummings, McCalmont, Simpson, and others,
when Mr. Simpson moved as an amendment to
the amendment, a resolution posponing the el
ection of a U. S. Senator until the second Tues
day in January next.
The amendment was debated until 6 o'clock
when the House adjourned.
SCIIOOI. FOB limine AMI FEKBI.E-MI.VOED
CHILDREN. —We have received the second 1
annual rcjKirt of the Pennsylvania Training
School for Idiotic and Feeble-minded Children,!
which is situated near Germantown. The in
stitution is in its infancy, and has no permanent
establishment us yet, but a hope is expressed
that the Legislature and the efforts of the
benevolent may enable the society to purchase
ground and erect a building where their opera-j
tions may lie more systematically and properly
conducted. The institution received sixteen
more pupils during the year, and discharged !
five. The number remaining in the institution
is twenty. The expenses were $5,788. The
j Principal gives a gratifying account of the
' operations. He says :—•
It should be remembered by those visiting
the school, that we have not only mental, but
physical imbecility and infirmity to contend
against. lam aware that it must require in
parents a good degree of confidence in our
ability to meet the infantile wants of such
extremely feeble organizations : yet we are
glad to find that there arc some who have the '
courage to bring their little ones and entrust
them to our care, believing that more can be
done fur their advancement and improvement,
while under the guidance of some jiersou who
has made this subject his special study, than
all that Ims or will be done, while under their
own immediate roof. * * * * I never
yet, during my whole intercourse with these
unfortunates, found one too low for improve-'
meat—and 1 have often seen eases that might
have been materially improved had they been
brought to us in season—while the distress of
parents who have held their children back on
account of their tender age, has also called
forth our deepest sympathy. The age at
which children should be admitted can hardly
be too early ; indeed, we would be glad to see
half-a-seore or more of infants in our nursery,
while none should be admitted after twelve or
fourteen years of age.
PREPAY YOLK LETTERS. —On and after the
first of April, all letters for places iu the
United States, passing through the Post Office,
must lie PREPAID, or they will remain in the
office w here they are dropped. The single rate
of postage is three cents. To California, and
Washington and Oregon Territories, tea cents.
Postage to foreign countries remains unchanged.
m .
APPOINTMENT RY THE SUPREME COLRT.—A.
B. M CALMOXT, Esq., has been appointed
Prothonatary of the Supreme Court for the
Western district of Pennsylvania, by the Judges
of that Court, vice JOHN* COYLE, Esq.
CENSUS OK KANSAS.—A complete enumera
tion of the votiug population in Kansas has
been obtained. It seems to contain 3.036
electors, which arc divided into seventeen elec
tion districts.
J. ELMS BOVHAM, Chairman of the State
Central Committee, died at Carlisle, on Mon- ■
day evening, 19th inst., of congestion of the
lungs.
ROBBERV. —A gentleman named Field was !
robbed on the 17th inst., at Dunkirk, of about
$1,400, by a barber named James Hall. The
villain administered chloroform to Mr. Field,
while shaving him, and thus effected his pur
pose. The robber came to this city, where he i
gave his name as " Jerry Ryan." He is a j
mulatto, about 5 feet 10 inches in hight, high
forehead, very short curly hair, large flat nose,
large mouth, a bald spot on the back of his
head ; on his face and forehead arc pimples.
His gait is peculiar. He is said to be a noto
rious Ohio River thief. Thus far he has elud
ed the officers. It is thought lie made direct
for the southwest.
AN INCIDENT IN CHURCH.— The Rev. Dr.
Moriarty delivered a discourse on St. Patrick's '
day in the Cathcrdral in New York. A letter !
from that city says :
In the midst of his discourse the Rev. j
Speaker abruptly stopped, making a long aud
apparantly angry "point." The house was
still as death for about a minute, when the !
words of the priest were again heard, and all
eyes directed towards the object of them, a
young lady sitting in one of the pews. lie
said.
Take down that eye-glass ma'm, takedown :
that eye-glass—you can see me well enough
without it; I'm sufficiently big enough to be
seen without an eye-glass. And don't be mak
ing signs at that other girl and making W
laugh." a i (
. Quite a sensation ensued, the unlucky lady I
with the quizzing glass seemed overwhelmed ■
in the presence of the startled congregation, i
•
•©-The Hon. S. 8, Phelps, late U. 8 }
Senator from Vermont, expired at his resi
dence, at Middlebury, on Sunday, the 25 inst. ' i
Hi*' lmo ra i lakes pia*e on 'limrsiUiv, liie 2Vitt
iiet,
One Week Later from Europe,
| ARRIVAL C F THE ATLANTIC!
The Czar's Death Confirmed!
MORE FIGHTING IN THE CRIMEA;
; The IT. S. steamship Atlantic, which ],.r.
j Liverpool at 2 P. M. on Saturday, March in
arrived at New York Tuesday inoruiiiir at 7 i.-j
j o'clock. 1 lie Atlantic encountered Westerly
gales the entire passage.
By this arrival we learn the peaeahle acres
sion of the Czar Alexander 11, and of Lis dec"
Juration to follow the policy of his father \ic|,
olas. Constantino and the other princes of the
! Imperial house have signified their allegiance
,to the new Emperor. The hopes that were
; entertained throughout Europe of a peace n„|-
| icy in accordance with the supposed personal
j character of Alexander, were becoming more
j faint. The influence of the powerful partv at
j the head of whom is the Grand Duke Const'an-
I stantine, it was feared, would urge the Czar
j forwurd in a course opposed to his better juiD
! meut. His first appoiutment of the Ministers
! were, however, regarded favoral.lv for peace
| Meanwhile the Allies determined "to seize the
j opportunity of uncertainty which the news of
1 the death of Nicholas must occasion, to prose
cute the war with vigor. There has Wen more
; lighting in the Crimea, and more threatened.
The Conferences have commenced at Vienna
Gortschakoff having received from the Czar
Alexander a contirmatiou of his previous in
| structions.
I The Death of the Czar JAlchiJas—Peaceable Ac
cession of Alexander—Alexander adheres t 0
the Policy of Nicholas.
The Africa brought us intelligence of the
death of the Czar, and the announcement of
I the event to liotli Houses of the British Parlia
ment. We have now copious details of the
last brief illness and death of Nicholas, and of
| the peaceable succession "of his eldest son Alex
auder to the throne of Russia,
j Scarcely had authentic intelligence reached
England,that Nicholas was seriously indisposed
when a second dispatch announced that lie was
dead. The first notification was telegraphed
from Berlin by Lord John Russell, and stated
that the Emperor had been suddenly attacked
by a fit, of an apoplectic nature ; that he was
given over by his physicians, and had oaliulv
taken leave of his family, in a view of his ap
proaching end. Three hours afterward, dis
patches reached Paris, stating that at noon the
same day, the Czar Nicholas expired—as be
fore mentioned.
Lords Clarendon and Palinerstoa informed
Parliament of the event : ami by that dignified
' hotly the intelligence was received with due so
lemnity. At several of the English theatres
| the managers came before the curtain ami pro
claimed that Nicholas was dead—an announce
ment which was received in most instance,
with tumultuous cheering ! The news spread
like wild fire. Greater joy could not have been
exhibited had Sebastojs)! fallen. Some of " the
people" expressed much disappointment, that
| the authorities did not ring the church bells;
Equal excitement was occasioned by the news
jin the loading cities of the continent. On tie
news reaching Berlin the Court placed its.-!?
in mourning, and orders were issued that the
Prussian army shall wear the symbols of mourn
ing four weeks. The general" feeling in tin-
Prussian capital seemed to be one of regret.—
At A ienna the intelligence caused much agita
tion. An order of the day by the Emperor of
Austria directs that "in acknowledgement of
j" the services rendered with noble eagerness by
| " the Emperor Nicholas, during a time of un
| " fortunate trials," the Nicholas Regiment of
Cuirasseurs shall always preserve that name as
a souvenir in the Austrian army. At Pari.
■ the police arrested the ballad-singers for
i chauuting verses disgraceful to the dead Czar.
It appears that the Emperor first complain
ed of oppression of the head and chest. He
i had before been subject to such a feeling. Hi;
physicians were immediately called, and their
! experienced eyes foresaw that this attack was
j likely to lie his last. They had, indeed, he- n
attending him, during some days, fur an attack
of influenza, to which some slight symptoms of
pulmonary affections had supervened. From
the first moment of his final seizure they held
out no hopes of recovery.
Shortly after noon of Friday, March 2. he
! expired. The last words of the Emperor were
J spoken iu the French language. Addressing
! the Empress, he said : " Tell Frederick (the
King of Prussia) to continue attached to Uur
sia, as he has hitherto been, ami never to for
get bis father's words." It is said that a few
days lie fore his death, the Czar succeeded in
effecting a complete reconciliation between lib
two eldest sons, Alexander and Coustautinr,
; who were at variance.
I By telegraph from Berlin, of date the Sth
of March, it is stated that the Emperor Alex
ander has issued a manifesto, in which he pro
mises to adhere to the jioliey of his father.
Reported Death of the Grand Duke MM til
ed in lint tie.-
lor several days the rumor was prevalent
that the Grand Duke Michael had liecn severe
ly wounded in an engagement on J lie ('hernaya
and had died, in Sebastopol of his wound;
I his statement requires confirmation.
/ rinee Metichikojf Recalled—Russian lE'"
Ahnister Superseded.
The deceased Emperor Nicholas had alre*h j
recalled Prince Menchikoff from the I'rinM.
and given the chief command there to I'rinee
Gorchakoff, and the second to Osteii-Saekw
It was also stated that Gen. Rudigcr had
summoned from the high position he held is LI
the army of Poland, to take the direction of fi
the Ministry-of-War, in the place of Dolgronl
and it was surmised that Gcu. Bibikoff, ♦>
Home Minister of the Empire, would bo ro"
moved. These appointments, if autliciUiodei
have much importance.
Russians Threaten Ralakaca.—Much b.— >
A telegraphic dispatch reached Paris on the
7th stating that 50,000 Russians were thread
ing the English force at Balukava. f' e "
Bosquet was endeavoring to get lvis corp;
rear of the enemy with the view of cuttim." 1 ' >
the Russians from their reinforcements, and l* 1 * . |
coming the attacking part v.
Potest. —The weather had again become lino |
but in a climate so variable, no dojieiideno |
could be placed on it for field operation*. • ■
convoy of 200 wagpus had succeeded i" rllt< ". I M
ing riebastopoj. firing continued to lie kH' |Jj|
up, on both sides, with more or less -teadine- i|9
A Russian Redoubt Stormed by the I n"' 11
Great /jg of life. '
Accounts of this event are directly eon"* | ■
dietary. Moueliikpff says the Allies ut ' r '
pulsed with 000 ios> ; the A hie* - :l . v ' '
destroyed the redoubt with a 100 killed