1 , : 3 .i ; ~, c•~. II II ' , ... twig =CVO TOWANDA: I taturbap, ftkirning. March 11. 11354: THE HOMESTEAD BILL SPEECH OF '4ON. C. A. CROW. ..., rebruary 21, 1854, the liouse being in the Committee of the Whole on the state of the - . Union, on the Homestead Bill— ,t Mr. GROW said g. Mr. Cnantstss: Having, at a previous 'session '' ! : .,Congress, given my views at length on this pub -1 ",. 4,1 do not propose at this time to treppasa twig . . t h e patience of the committee, The bill under !Aeration prOposes 'to grata to solery Waal Jere on the public doinain a homestead of one la dled and sixty acres of land, on condition of : , pancy and cultivation fur the period of five ',, • ar r• The substitute fur tails bill that 1 proposed the same object in view, and differs only in 11 : rails, except ihat, in addition to the homestead .t: M t, all future sales ol the publiclattJa shell be t.'. .fated to ac.ual settlers only. I" By cessions from the States, and purchases of they nations, the Goverment has now a . wilder ,. {g ot 1,5131,40,000 acres unoccupied fah& :and ' te,,uestioti presented for the action of Congress „what is the proper and best mode of disposing r,. , ..ithem in order to promote rite real and - permantat -, ,, ,tereaciaf the cotton) 7 for the mode and manner their disposal la left, by theCoustitution, entirely D the round ()secretion of Congress: The public -.-.:inda w ere a L utject of controversy between the 1. arotte, even before the donfederatiott: and it was „.,,t Vie call ) ; obstacles to the organization ol any % ferment tor ;he protection of their common 'in t.- - g m,. Am', in the laktiage of the instructions of , f ,.:Mirtlanil to her delegates in Congress, in May, ;_-; - 79 it Arai; considered', by all the colonies having ~ gauge lard to tee go iloredhan just— Thai. a country, Unsettled at the commencement ..- ;110 KM, chomed by the British crown ceded to ;.; dy the [tea y at Pans, if wrested ft om thecommon ..-,: ..,:m . t t;) - the blood-arid treasure of the thirteen ri 'l,O, :hated be considered as a common propeny, .;', s„rrct to be parceled out by Congress into free, r=%-oeident, and oldependent Goventments, insuch k-.. 4,0 , 1 arid at such tunes as the witeloin of that 11; :wady shall hereafter direct.” And in order to put an end to the jealousies -, -.ng.ig up between the colonies on tidy subject, , :...: ..trove the wily obstacle that remainea to a ~ a, i di.lation al the 'articles of Confederation, ~. egress, on the loth October, 1780, passed this ~ stotion , as a ;'edge to the States of the manner 1 :. abitili arty land , ;eyrniglit cede should be dis.. t.d or 4 1 hat IV onappropria.ed land, which may be :, .rd or let tFI4.. ..lietl to tiro United States -by any ,' vtulat Sate * 4 4 shall ;13 disposed of fur the , t "-crtan benefit of the United Stales ; and be settled ;.;;;,:;nned alto distinct republican Snots. which : I_,,Sectiore members of the Federal Union, and ,'.; 2.; , ..1,e ~erne rights of sovereignty, freedom. and e,..erideitce as the other Srates.&e. That the said . z . - • 1 iiill be granted ga r :titled 'at such times, and , L tt_ au :wit reguinitans„ as shall hereafter be agreed -,. t. the United Stales la Congreit asnmbkd, or nine ;.:= En of them.” - ,'-' a pursuance of this resolution, New York, Vir '.: a, Massachusetts, Connecticut, South and North ..: cons, Georgia ceded their claims to the waste .;•,- , JutsJe of their State limits. And in pursuance Li resolution, the .clause was inserted in the - anion giving Congress power " to diapase of, t r .make all needful rules and regulations respect - '....te terreciry or other property of the United ts,' under which clause Congress is limited in ,-... rower over the public domain only by a sound Le objection of 'the , gentleman horn Georgia DENT,] '4•110 has pat taken iris seat, to grant these lands io the actual 'settler under !hie bill to n Is holding oui aniodociament intim pauper !lion of the Old World to immigate bithet,l k. id of tiiat claw that can get here come DOW. ,ty an forced ro eeek out Ellores for bread; and aillcontinue to come, no matter whai y‘onr 4,:10n on this subject may be. A dire necess- +rees'nefn from the land of their fathers and. of their childhood. Starvation and death .) , t them Irons the Old World; and Where can f frid a resting platie save in the !Warm:iris of ?Sew? 1 he deereee h I fate are no less imperative shim necessity that:oompele Them-to-yeek-ear L '" Tarn, as they must come, for man never, is mere choice, tears. himself Lofts his native' 311:11 7-tie graves of hikfathers, and home of his , L•lietf- t s it not better to give them a home in qua wilderness, and thus fasten theta filthe coop vie stronger tit ' an'oath ofallegiancet B),;his '"••I you pl.ce them in w.cr nditioa „to become :ens, instead of leaving them to hang about the 'ens of your cities, a curse to themselves and to .a r own population; i agree with the gentleman, that• it : id de fitdt '1 of man to lake eare,of his owrih9odelkillsffiic • there it . a kind of kelftshnetse that defeats itsstlt; enlightened selfishness seeks it oven happin i ess promoting that oftfthers. And while It re the Cy of Gov't . r ment to take care of itself; 11.ia'ra one 'le measures by which to do it—one to give it pea s e, and strength in war. The first !teno n to this mode of d ispeaing., of tip Pgillfd, '‘!e, by those Who have given, the subject but tittle Trion, 18 that 0 is leveling and agrarian. Sir, .eo was theie ever an attempt made, einem . .the ' Idbegan, to wrest from power its ill:gonen in, or ire un dlie "Oeantages, and to- feature to ' his inalienable right., but it has been met by; friends of the exuaing'onfor.oi things with the 'tszt of leveling and' agnittett • 1 4. is the alarm cry of thb deiblee Of the pint, :h , he beetealse /09ePP.ted fteirgeiW•A se rme eeta innovations erstilbliOttl,llBagesl, 44 . S W/Cal-war poisoned with .thetemlooki and" '',l,lfeo ondemned' to•the rack.' JO ;Ito/ 1.1.4 w id teased its blind revereifielor. the Pailr'44 t:utions, because of their way ago? - - _— :41.11.4:41 - 11, ~/ , , I ...Ili,. :el' 1 .....rd n! ;•.g rn_v ,, ';',..rtifqsCif-i , • "VI 3 '" - i4.l';l`" ~,;., 4 ,%u fit} ---- .. ,. .1"A 4: ' • ' •: , .4 , 4 ,,, , l'i Iniu,);ty t4v, az 1,, , -•nzt!. Isb a - fsd 1;a41 ell ''''''"""v s .) b!IIT -7. ~,,il.. - . ..,,,,,..-6: t,,,r t 7 I t ---..,:, __- t. .. :, , ,-.--,. „.-,, -, . . .F ~..... y , . ~ -, ~. ! (.. ', ,{ : ., 1 ‘,.,. . ss 1 . i1 ......„,,_ _lir w, „..,.. i, .., , i i 5......, .4„... 1 .", 111 1 Les' 'IN 4 41 _ ~ , ... 1. - IJ • ig. Id ...• ..I tti i'l. 4 4, 14 7 :4„ ,.. - . ..A .,(.4.. „....*,..e., 4110 ,, , - - 3 "i. 4 1 g, .. :-. 44 , n .1 ~,-1/: ... . , r -I -( 1 ~ •, ,o ...-% 0,, , t -.‘,., tt . - s• , •t.Ol 1- , ~b.v ... • „•••••• . . • t .- 1. , 46 ,• ; I v .... n z : t i - ; 1 _ 44 '. ..-..• . • 4 4 4 , „, , - - ~ .fl q 4. 4 , 4'..4 , .I.IV - • i i ?.1,1 IQ ••'.4 . . t . Nti, '-- t kr:; ,' S. •;',".• , 1 ..,1I , ' , ''' ..., 1 1., if , 'l4 .. I ' 4 , ' , ..4 2 , '. -„,:,,___ 0, •1 I •J 'xi , Il P 1 ./J) • 4, • r , 64 7,1311 - ,•• -:. . .:-J , f.,3 , ;..:, - Vr.fill.---. -.., ~.. f„f _I i' , *tl . . I•,it ''. 1 4. ~ • '-•• .. - . i.. ; •`S.. . - I' , b, , '' • ' ---4 ; 44 .;3 . •••rl - 4 • ' •.zf . i ...4 L ~j,,* . L,2 , 1V ~,,41 . - ' 4 " . .' (% , 111 H. 4• ~ r.l :JP IVI P.; / '...,..: ` . .I.VJ“ , PCI3! 4 1 11/ :' t • 'l-17.14.ii • 5 . 7 i 11.. '. 0, ~, J . 4 1... J 4 l , • • '"• . ;#,: - .....71:.- -2 - 1- - ,•- ••n •. ,11,:. • 4 f -..--,.. ~, ~ 1,,m ,, 2:.:9•4 ' . „;.i•a• olc- 4 E . 51.14 •.• , 4 is;!.. - , - ,i,, , P„ , 4,1, - , , .4 • i (-. # ;,..7,%ii0.•:' '..„,....:.:4'7117.X1......'" —• • 4 4,;1fP , 1.. -- ri4 i . . . Most of the exile that Millet! their origin in -vvolenee'end - 'Wrong, imiC • tedun to lava by :the eifierienee'hfthe past; OA it4:o, by , the pr ejudice . of ihapresini. While tru th And so- Oloti 00,progroi4ie, :ace noble. troPolso At the 0nt.4111011 genstousionl.for 2 the b!!!, OA° P.lhl!fsWoot ~tottlrtOtio- all, the opinions 0f..-histvedecemors. . Nothing could , seeartnore' strange and Aeirreetivti of she being of stieittithari did the d'cietrineiinfthe'litunble , -Nazarene to the Dewitt' leti gi the le4.llingii of Wikliffe,and ill:mai° . a' 'dark agN Oto-rovida• • tions.of corpernices tolitte .Ptolmaics. Wham's . little more than three quarters of a -centdry fifty-54 bold merchants, farmers, and nieclianieti, met in convention to ihake theiteanels' 'orthe world, and proclaiin of man to life, fibeity, and the pursuit of huppilueee, t h e self-riatisficd conservative stood aghast attne.level ing project. But, from that day &obis, the history Of your country has . ,been but -a.„ history uf , social leveling. ,Not of that vandal , kind .hourever, rbat would pull slovird the' splendid edifies !weenie ft towers above surrounding objects; bin like the leveling of the husbandtnati, who 'fills tip his low, filthy marshes,andeenVerts ibe'm into arabicground. Is it not time the world learnt lessons of-wisdom Irom the chronicleit cif the'pa.st, and ceased to cling itv moulderioglorms with gloomy forebodings for the haute " Let the deettOst bury till dead in the Inv lug p resent, Heart within, Dud Weer head," ever reedy to receive thenevi rind Ilia 'Untried, d it be calculated to promote the happiness and welfare of the race. While, the history of your country, from die landing of the Pilgrims to the presenthour, is in the face of all:precedent and authority, it be- Comes not American legislators to be startled bY any names which antiquity, or gr . ,wer,have made odious. The true objed in disposing of these lands by the Government is , not their sale, but their set tlement and cultivation. 'As is said by the Secrete. nary of the Interior, in his annual report : "4siothing retards the growth and prosperity of the country more, nor inflicts greater injury upon the resident, than the prissessioji, by indifiduals or com panies, of extensive uncultivated tracts of the put'. he lands. To correct ibis evil, facilities should be liberally extended to alb actual settler, and with- held from the mere speEulator." But the best triatis of deriving revenue from these lands is to secure their, seulement, eyen. you receive nothing for the land. For the means the General Government has for collecting revenue is by duties on importid- articles coritaamed in the Country i and the average amount of imported arti. des consumed by each person for the lastfive years is ten dollars per head. And,'as you cheapen, the necessaries and com torts-ol life, or increase man's means to pay for them you increase their consumption. So that every family of seven consumes, .on average, yearly, seventy dollars' worth of imported articles; and the average of the tariff being about thirty per cent , each family of that ',amber pays to the Government annually twenty-one dollari. By the sale of these lands the Government receives, for, a quarter 'sec tion, two hundred dollars, the interest of which would be twelve dollars a year; so the government would be the gainer of nine dollars a year by giiing away this land to a sealer in preference to selling it without a settlement. r For the purposes of education, building railroads, acrd opening all the avenues of trade, the best dis position to be made of these lands is to grant them, in limited quautitiee, to the settler. The two hun dred dollars the Governifient now takealor the land would enable the settler to furnish himself with the necesstry stock and implements to commence its cultivation. And, with this beginning, be soon sus' rounds himself with the comforts of life, and has the means to erect the school-Crouse and church, and all the other ornaments of a higher civilization, and to educate and rear his children respected memberalif society. • . Uuder the presentpulicy nt the Government his earryn;s for }ears are abstracted for the benefit of specufatars: The Government sells a township of land six miles squire, containing, therefore, Italy- Six sections Orris hpudred and forty acres each; making twenty-three thousand and korty acres of lard in the lownshiti. Now, the settler when he comes to buy, must pay, in most case, four or live, dollars per acre , So on each township of land purchased from the Government, by the speculator you compel thesettler to pay $lOO,OOO oVer the Government price, which amount would be aulli clot, or nearly , so, to build p railroad through the township. With this capital that you have abstract ed by the policy of the GovetntneuV the eientier of commerce and trade, would' be opened :,bi the el: zoo is litir !want,c,ailed for them, while their industry would furnish them business. Fill rip year wilderneess with populatioo r and cease to abstract theireamingi . for the supper;of 'idleness and ex . travegance, and Ma Fathead, chnrch, rind- imhool bens°, will keep Pace with your advtuicirtg, settle manw. This ,policy will not only iecrease,itur re venues (tithe •Gehend Governinenti and the- tam ble ipoperty of the nett Slifee,tmenrill add . l6:fhei l e population, and *ill swell . t he cOmmeltet,ol tht country,-while, it wilibe,an inducement to the land lets of ibe-olthStetesi where a alpine popolanonis constantly tedoeing-the price of labor by' Its o f it comPetitioii; to` seen : i, home, where 'Arty can sealretl . kom the feez peor-hopep-apd e . th wants. of poverty., L woi.klnot, however, havethis;Grovernoterst Con verted into an alms - -hotimlbewffletre"elllbil,riiiset 6 ' ies and woes that afflict man; ye I 'Aetna liiir4; it legislate, so far as is - coliiiiijent with spend sip ciples, soar Wit proininelftelatiPintisiAnd lEol'6 t tare of tile Filizefili; ; 1 4 riblif4;il9.4,,r9littOtflAt 4 teal laterite of the mann' ept} -make stitagidlihe element' of eadopid , , petirev • itetehe*phoeld titt* be th ! object' 11l Genera! Ackictil f its hid teptt:iteyi,irepzek ato, D e"milefr OP; ;It, 4, L - , u4e •O‘tin the whole,' 'adherliftathirbpininnexprinie ed me is thy annual message 0t1532 thilt it' lir - . a 11 :q a, ‘....0, 'ar .„,,,, ,- ' - ,- - -••- ------ ' . ~ .. . •1. -- U .-....----,,.. ' •,.... • 4.•.:. .1 Urt.i.417;./. 2.,1447 , ,,i ., it 9.,', ' tIigIAISHEII- IVM SHEIRD AT ''AT TORNDiti'BitibrOVIDriCOUIT7IS44 -- if - E70:114 - AR r ' 1 AVAlttfA ' , P 4:1 1 ~. t , " 11154611111 LESS 01 0 DMITINCIATION I , llolir /111: 4 RV0374. 1'4 ) 901 I .*Vq11q.1.1.14 , z , ir44tf,n711,,- - 7 - `'..7',!i - .. 7 1: lk. 7 , r.:\ 777 i s.: ME outtrot pativf„thßbdiectigtho kinOtsbeit ceamer 6 -.4a °°°^ a° PFASW.,4 O .; 4Rl ll QAPPECR:t4lfste!..ellif i glP: cept,foi the payßent ihetae,generalphiva wptchi rdsvont 'till he anqiiiitibh Melt apr, . ae y, imf og lisot", srmtvst.'-r., Eve; ~,{ The rea! wealth of a countrytibiieLia;hot in' die sums of money paid into itsleasurx,...but its herds„ 'ff &fee; lad Ciilltisi4 " - ft;ift}irnor doer us ' t reat, :arid bithei flpiiPenainnea th i n bi,Mfoiirliflia fibnifriecl&WiCa real gy6l'ebtitiisip,liloitn'ille"'ititiairtiafge, 10 0 feini inteiti4e'n6e, - romfort;'inii itie c 'fiegstcle.§f ci.' tens. ' %% f at tot stitutes'a State, Not high-roisid battletranti'ltboted tfiotilid; !-„ : Thillk,stalh,ot)roaatedesate; •], , NOT pites.prpudy witkapiressAsurrett nroarted, • ' Noil?itys and'broad-arnteti ports, !"Wlitie; ladetingitiltire'stbrK, Piidni navies rldi. Not 'Men ?4ea wile their duties... know,. . • But snow their and knowing dare mutant, These constitute re-State. " ' " The prosperity of Suites depend not themaks oterealthp but its distribution. 'That noeutryia great est, and riostllorions, whichithete-irthe grim: eat ouraheiel happy awaideei, Aed itytni Would make the fireside happy; this* the fallen froth his degnitheitm, elevate the servile Wm his groveling leamtrits to the rights' and dignity of men ' lon must first place within-their reach the. 'means for supply: ing their pressing physical wants, so that religion can mien its influence on the loth, Ind - soothe the weary pilgrim in iris pathway to the tomb. For it is vain you talk of the goodness . • and benevolence of an Omnivciedt Rater to .htm, whose life, from cradle to the grave, is bat one contended scene -ol .pain, niseryiand, want. 'Talk not of free agency to him whose only freedom is to choose his 'own method to die. ,••• Tell not theufamished operative; - whose soul as well as body has.becomeshriveled and mildewed, that there is a God of love, whose tender merelei are over sll his storks. - When the body is racked with physical pain, and the knawingsofhangerire consuming the very shale, it is- in vain you repeal the g• amnion on the.llloont." When womanhood, nemb,witlacold, and dying with banger, wavers on the line that divider/tumor from eternal shame; of what ute is Sunday tracts? Tractaillibles,and-te ligioes , teachings are little heeded by him whoae hours are draggednut in procuring a morsel to mi litia- life,and,vshose last prayer,as he lalltyshivering and heart.broken, into his kennel of'stnatifisi that be marneser beholdtthelight of another dap In such casesit-is true, there might be 'acme feeble conceptions of religion andln daties,of the Infinite; Everlasting, and Pure; bet antes. thdrnbe'd more than common-intellect, they` would be like the dim shadows that float in the twilight. He who came to bring life and immortality to the weary pilgrim of earth, snit beckon them on •to a higher diattn. tiler existance, laid the foundation of his mission in the-alleviation of physical, pain, Suffering, Ind woe. He cleansed the leper s touched ilia blind eye, the levered brow, and withered limb j'anthhis first petition, in the-sopplications Which He toughs man to address to the Author of all Good, was, "Give us day by day oar daily bleed." The best evidence of the divinity of that mission web its ad. aptio to the nature, condition; and Want. of inati - t;-. In thelanguage of remark., made on'thio IFilbject on a former occasion, !lobes, it is ,tub; ,Stre nary to man's enjoyment; but the means to poi. vent starvation are. Nor is a splendid palace ne cessary to his real happiness; but a shelter against the atom and winter's blast ia. It you would lead the erring back from the paths of vice and crime, to virtue and honor, give him a home ; give him a hearthstone, and he will surround it with household gods. .11You would make men wiser and better, relieve your alin":s)6 . u,ses p Close the doors of your penitentaries, and break in pieces your gallows. Purify thi:itifluences of the domes t c fireside; for that in the school in ‘ , hick hu u man character is lormed, add there its destiny is sltapet4 there the soul receives hi first impiess,„ and man e his first lesson, and they go with, hint, forweal or, tor - wir,thr,cmch Roc purifYing the sentimen, a eh:Voting the thoeghta, and developing the noblest„. impulse of man's natn 4 the influences of rural firesides and-Agricultural life, are the noblest and the betii.,in,the,obscurity . ol the, cottage, far tempt., ; e l (him the eeJactiveinfitience ^ of rank and kik , 1 etice, is tionrishe4 . fhe viipes that coputeractiite cay of hurrian institutions, thifcouvage thaldeiends national independence, and the industry, that, sup • A ports all classes of the State. It was said bytord Chatham, in his oppe,al T to the ilouseoftommons, itt7?s,, to wjthdtaw British, troops `from Boston, .that " trade indeed, in thropory and wealth of it country; .but its tine 'kerma'. arid etas inu are to be looked fin in . the culiltation of_ the_ loud. Irt the simplicity of their lives is fottott;the simpleness of iinutt, the Ht. iegtity- and.contage of freedom- , These , trnef gent , uineeonii of the - ekit and ineiheitilO." t trietorjt their eiv <rhrrve Ovq,ikimf,t4l4e;'„cititj,,,of ' ; -a 'Tuiii6ll's priwer hearts ther tiolwirrk„ef,litb, esty. Fos more tiout.ibtee ;commie& Switzertibil waged a oearetesswaitarer r iththe Minute of flare , itieitit4 weak land . leeblit 411610 of po, and tory, bailed the imperial arms of Ansria Md dirk:gibe-114ft , ut:the middleatei'mtleff' o llailc- Fie& tVjed Vr;l%9o,OtatO l' aniT pity 4441)igiuteetbrightlyleong: ths creskof the Alltatl Itod•It• egititasstilk Welk hobo-Want Of het ;Intro& iyolitedltett§aottriVithiheitieitlid Aroliia jiti.(ti: f O ld qk e 10'?7°11411#4,iCitri.4134ipcgitmt. iooe. IMmrs,itfo „a, gurand Atom impteguatge_dolousw ituabattietnent, wall eridwes. • Man, in defence of hie &iistlf:atiiie,fs ifeettaii: -1 1 0;C 4 1A i tit, ~.0 04 4;!4 f4 tq't iirAl'ihful!,!?l4l9lPC#l4 Altfintopyleig 1tt4,44.7, isio,q n4A e-utisrathq, WkelleVEt freedow Us; AT forfeit - ties tri.totA i lithemf 6 . 144 a to suittitiiiitiftipiJairtilite 610 trots the wink', zsnv~ty rt , l ' MINEI =II ----- slihp anti the' , i te, *bdrt,r 11/ i'to hiitriktidrAT: in hii vatiatio roc • , !pp? -.11 Agrrn...... and to ail the incleinencietiriiif the seavori, they' tfazyl t an'il: 111" "4 t- ' ' L 5 9" i : . i s.) Aa .4 . 0. P. 4 1.. i. 1 ,— ,1 , ., . ,--',.: . h< wyrrffb.f ..ir , r , -Irr , l i. have ae ( lerreil.tetv haroteeeta etkeeeiltrY • Ittitientlitre • ,1" The cortisnwt,gbitkishook of:Patll. which isont, 'the 1141#:diens 60:toils Ortbe utifil,.7 , . - into every trasetextelliaml,tiwibia wit% onderibe Thiess the secret el Awake , hiet ' ery, end' she besiLut.population4Dif Familses,, wnstanliy, residing suceesa of ale .1164oInfuri.", Vushiligt6u f r ei v Oir e trujranbecamitzta. Zee tied& tg this Met' platitiiiiitc Paints') liptiiiliit gow, — rvieelie - fthib icatik?- , Witsiistrwor P e ntno•io . n i rt I dol: ales i t ! his blacksmith forge, and Starke from his Granite in the world. There is not ntobtibly , ilk Man iirilsocin hills, aUssisktp,hied ,s;zl)ieS grobazed,hrorn like don, Patio,Naw Yorks' art Ilia delphia,' who can 41 6 1: that er ins s ,groillrartatheri , is granatather,. ami scenes , of labor and enterprise, to treedom's battles,' ind Po '' 6.44i.,iivi Ivietoriee:' Wliiiii' the Wircl.ls Ohm mid uctles ' a l e hlk il id ve n ti ovuch di t ed hiog in the a' City atiVvrineti histOrY shall tie chrrectly deelPEired, die -vivor athlete generations.that have unittirrone s t u bt r. cheek! Or the" rise ? Pregthei; and fall - or eftililas decomposing .power of tell atmosphere, assisted Will be emit lite lisiory of [hit ' dose, devilePiiiittitr A city r then,lmay be solid sodie o Y utri "rsuil t b i ". dted and enlyayeanootto arias te -and declineOt aglicullure. Poi. `that is tli l e purstili gards a those in r s ontri generations fiat live. andzmive, Which' first changes mai troth the wild Lid Pied's. and' have th eir .being, only within a city's pre tbrY itabits'oriavage life 10 - ittoitt of dig iiitiiiii 'Sod eta " " ' '...' ' '' L l ' '2 -2 ''; the husbandman, fixing him in stolioniii'i ileelf. ' u* •,.i -- . " . It . ",bilernativabie that ohil reit born truth bted loge, towns, and cities,Ad thus ushei ing in the l im n: e ar it i n: l i . rally'ethibit'preildeions talents They dawn otifirillfatibWitillif whit its &BIM' lind ad- lest *Cease to everi rpecits oflearn _ advancement comas theoom forks and refinements leg, 'Fiber baieihe advintage Of imbibing an early c 0 .,,,,.., ia.. and the assomai ,_..... ci _,,....,,__, .knolvledge of , the workkand bSveiatnitat In infan -o:ree-Teiry7ll.lho""me. . 7 . 7 ' 7777 T ll is th h e ed mann .ei erv. %e s , ides*, and self poisessims of The first,step, in the. ecline-AI ompitesiaibe nes the Old . Wortd Y t;nd of ut t il h i s th 74 l Vi i ts7'4 .7 lil' :st e t:L i r:l?" . it g oo ,;( ...t h e t t.nr i ge j tiete l i nterest , eet i,,,,i t h h e „l e , probablytthehundredelithbief Ily•eilecritod tfini v hs intruped on all disjoins that, illeWatto pathwa y : to test their strength in'therhig,l porentts of • lifeofor cay.crwohles listional power., It.. is ifte great -bon one country adirentoret, yes it 'found that 4lMost b Vistin,nuithed - men who shine in - the - ekttire civilization. AgeicultuAe was - the wealth, l o, d of a. of the countriror in The liberal protessioni, ate cowl- Ltglitr,am, l glory qt the. L eatty gu r u au s,e n d e w es try horn and bred." ''. i m the an onl e y i,iz init ea nnal io la p tm e : fo d r eeM on. 0 ., cithontoolvtaabelenotfor,aoltlizi; h. I Aral sn; • too, h fins been wlth oar great met e tie a s r en a d ei r t ec he h m an t ie d s Who haSe floutithed hr ci a scientific but a, ,practicalt r is le ua w ai i l l ' l br fi o n n d h 'i t il t al' he k et ht i tt67 flumes; and Cumin. pulse•that ;ices them n iiiiiPa was called from the, plow t o -ea rs hweenntry the fields of some vinous to try their g rnduries'in ro th in ir oily.* • 40 1 ..1. "The hotbeds of cities bring forward their front die tavages al die barbarian. It was the put suit held in honorahls estimation , br all-clime& of pl t a . nts more ntritlly ; but thoWspring- Me State. Italy was then one of the moat fruitful eons and roug n h a c iv u e ltu " re il 'of an th i e b c r ;m vin iry g , th a e re tt . i fu ni b e n a ll ea te: agricultural countries in the world. Bat with the ~bavisthe best stamina'' 1 , hamar(' pl,,weeith canwite conceottation,zandlhe eheortuion cif .the lan& into, letge.tetatesp and us tillage was, eonseggtinily, congaed, aloud :emu. timely, to }emeriti! and Waxes, whitc the lreahby - pcpprjetors ip.extravegance iu the chit:spy at their country , • . Agricuktral labor becoming, dipbonotable, wan of course, corr4ue4 to Muse who , h4dnointereet in the and ,:hey. til!ed and when .the laborer ceases to have, any interest-in the land, be ,cnlti vates, he ceases to hate enystatte-M the ad varmeinent.ond good order o epcitig, /9,r be-Aattpothing to lose, notbirgto defend s uni nothing to bops, for. . Thb soil'uuier,sech item:neat being constantly, twov eµsheu at leegth,Oacaine, sterile antlunproductiver; aiid poverty pad wt3wt cOPered.the agricultuniLdis. trios, 'while eivtivrtgancei rioted in therpalemea At tiAIR foreo l l4l . .bi. itatifhattrlewpra.vatby, elicesaes,,ltaly gras overrun by Rule warriors, and the Seven [asletl any easy, prey to the Vroth.and Vandal. The cothiteracling influencetto thisilecay was the laws of her t.hacciti, which:proposed to dis.ricute her public lauds among the , landless of the infirm. And had that , policy been odeplesl,lter ancient Campania, instead olbeingnow-known as the.Puniine blareshep, might have eeettear4 -the garden of the- world ; and the stacol her eat** might have waved in triumph long , after_ the ivy twined her broken culumns.. The Italian Republiesi that rose fromthetuins ot,the empire, flourished for a day i . 414.41ruy, 100 3 fell with the neglect and decay of agricUlture. Wit the great interest upon which a.nation must rely in the hour of ita-petil, and it 'shuuld therefore' be most seriglously cared 411 in the day of its Prosperity. „White the populatirm of a country are the proprietors of the land which • They . they have an inicretttosurround.inets Ore: sides vvithcomfort and make their laom - es happy— , the great incentive to indusvy, frugaluy,,arid . so. briery. Ills such habits alone that give security !) 1 a government , intflorm the ea elements Outlet greatness acrd power. • • , The associations; of an independent freehofd „me eminently calculated to enlipble am! elevate, the poisesitor. For the proUd conscioysnesa that man ever ?eels in standing au' soil that he can tall his oitrrithe'conscioilstiesstliat there is otie pot .ou, 114 - e" which he can,exerc)set,SOle, aninion,,and that . spot is kis itorne,_ which, he: hopesld`tranamlai such ioitis c hildren — is , one'ol the I:testi:end noblest stitnulattis to well doing, per haps'his farm has come down to him from 4444 7 them.: It WIN the scene of their former labors, and . The play-ground of his childhood i around ; him , are. the °tient.; of the earliest and (Widest assock.stiptut, of his life. The brook along whichhesported,itt i ' h'6s-h;clf; the meadow bier VI . 11 iaVite'izailiboled to his way to the Reklui house, of hiq early 114,8,010 hear by is the churchyard where isposetbe ashes ofhiS'Tatheri, bi the'side of %ehoel when this life is o'ei he expeeTs real In'Peace. assa earmans 1 he these he is bound to the Gove,rnment, thel shields and protects him by the strongest ties known to, mortals. It is taw Ille•Ipf in,* of a inertly, character,nafiouat , and a noitle, generuns',patriot. l isi`n ; a'patriotism 41M :rushes to the delence . 4 the,. couritr,y, and'the vitaltcatlon of,its,honiq l same zealand aficrhY that itmeids hearth Atone arid frnesiile. It is iputportk Akira r ti i l the, deb * alcPe are. Limited in all their intensity. They !zing not from constant con -44. vf.ilb brickwa i ts,YP4 9!Pifil-9)13030 avenues of pr91v444 mart, where gain ie the ,all. 7 absorbing th,ought,tliat lu.agreal l deariSe-idiap,es atO, controls . the •idt(010 of ;op. " k e •.•‘• " The obty, counterpoise to the spits tliatuftlic,t, Man iris deneepopula ion it snake meek ol,„9, erten. try lire, hero rip I mM 111 T9selre,94 1 city Ciuslies, incubus like, the vignr . .ctfuyo9lll, arid. the energies of manhoorlant where children grow u P r 094.1 viii011411%.040 ape ' 4 O t±eP,ti-tiFs:SIS-94tuF.8':8 PFPflarYinilMeXurh With -111 /A re 'ir•P f tkq'qi 4 4lN l fl.mitulig4PFlßffthP gl.u -ii9n4.1)411111114014 wAlk tki*.P°FPißg PR.V. B ) AO. lits#°*o94 l ., 4.441,44, ed lie moat of the best of man. Health„vtd, loon mortis there his. "God made the country, and hirtL 'PM B4PP;PtloPT9L,gitie!aqd 9°7 49 .4 0,4 3 .F0iFe4t.-4 4 ),i11M 6 .4 de t,iffVoc' , I/ , hre, M ft!IU ille,4MPiK9ira Pritleif i g*eteriai . and ibeequietticiad their Moilalir I seem to corroborate the atatcment,of Mr. Atleir, t; MEM MIMI MEM The refugefrom these,eailsi which are one of the incidents of civilization, ism be found , iii - 7ctrir vast public domain. ' The mit:blies ind woris that at aili.tel'mankni the Oh Worhar dense pupiolatiou may. eue.day fall upon this. . t - hat day, of course, is far distant, and I trust in Goditmarnever come; but it trehitlOVerilie Attiericari "letiblater *to hyok to the, home as well sa the prese n t and jbe,Psoi.,— While:the „Republic is. but in tlie infancy el its ex, 17 . iatenre, int the /naming swilig lof its - day, Urns establish a polierwhiCh wi3 c untsrae At so 'fair Co lies in our power, these, vast e l Ili that Otier !stupid an advancing, otvillsatton. I , t r j , , • Let this vast domaitr, then, be set apaii andtom secreted forever as a patrimony to . the sans of toil ', and if die-sales mast continue, let ilieni,St le s t ast . ,he confined to, the factual settler, sod close your land office (Meyer against the speehlator, and thereby prevent r the capital of the Country, intested ill MO klnd i rif sper'nlit i tion, riot!' aboofhing the hard:ram.' inks of labor,'WithOut rendering an equivalent. For, while thchiborer is crushed br thioefitern estab lished' b a the Government, which abirtroetii oil le rob an amount f lrolvi his earnings for the be'fieffioQhe spesulator,ln addition to all die other disadvanta- gee ►bat ever beset tlte unequal struggle .between the bones and sinews of men and donut' aria - rims; teliatarinider 'lilt:that ntriiett iii t nd wad aii:lifien ail al/us preside,,aml penury and sorrow eurrcquW hie death-bed 1., ~, - z _ „. . .. Mr. SMITH, of Virginia. tsroold ask the On deman, who talks about.those who are pinched by penury and-want, whether. the bill which is now itetore f the (wain' ittee dries not anti* . the weal. thiest, man in American to get ratehundred andeix ty acres of land I Perttami he has overlooked that fsot. • ' • • • Mr. GROW. No . , sir; I have not. The hill general in its prrivi.uoni. Any man who goesthere and settlea.orma :the public dom . Wafer Me purpose of cultivation, has secured-to:him Squatter sectien of land.' „, Mr. SMITH. If a man,has ten thousand acresof land, cannot he get one hundred suet sixty cern un der the provisions of this bill ?I Mr GTIOW. Certainly he can, if fleibtles on and culti4tes it. The object / 1s the settlem ent and. cultivation of, these lands, What matters it, (ben, whether die settler Wretch, dr poor? lam in favor at this pulley of disposing of the pubfie landS . as cotittadistitt,guished born rth others. I am speaking of the general principles • Which_ should control in making.a full and final disposition at these lands, and settling alpublidpolfey which' shall take them Weyer Out lot the legislation in Congress. Welitive innumerable bill* •piled or: your table, and before Cungrees, for the dispositibil a these lands to railroad companies, in order 114.1, they may be diroWn into the Market and abOrbeil by capital, and that in enormous quautities, , to the injury and detriment of the labor of the contniy. 4 TICS piiblic lands 'We now ;the great fund tit' he scrambled for, by schemes cf private fur the benefit of companies and individuala.,Thet: reason' would be sufficient, It there were no4itheis, why we should fix some 'general polier that' Weida • p0 , 1 , 1,9' this land question'foreier; and settle the : , way best sal m secure the real grealnesaamly glory of the country; and. pronicite the happiness Ind Well:trent the race:' ktitiw no th e G l oo ll Tierytiopi4 let.k .t0,,1 1 / 4 7 etta anurce phtuVanee than,to any other of t & twenties. o:Gral.4e man. Why.shouldihey•libi' tie gr:-Trett to the actitilliettler; lit cpientitt , esi at a price barely euttict s ut To ihe cJill of surv ey and trans: fell and thus the ,Grol?ernmtit would ,di charge faithfully its trustito.the citizen. While the lands are looked-tplie9 treurcti•of revenue, Otving to the eillected then), it, keeps put tat ifilluomating o and we van fur upowno revenue standard, for the mice nt insylof the amminta derived from incidental sour+—the arninriti frO;11 the ,pubhoOrtnil* varying An tl ilierent , ylara trot" it million to sit or seven millions: 86 , that one- year 1 , we 1144 tottinuetivoieedit,e 4111e'r ! ex‘ tint "enbitti,' - owing 0 siispd'tletigt IQ i g iiialtiktifiliiii` la the revenue ftqFP A yisuuNi6 iJet! pt t hen. cease ,tor-: eeepte k.l a too a the public.) Bootee of - te. venue, not only froih•d lie ` nai orin s g e e ithAllght-09 the citizen, but in -- o - r - der7: l illi our:l!trit! , ,,,pleT diale*Ogine, s fo gide Ail ii s attirti tii4l#lul ihVd• aid, and thud subject it to !esti chaageff. ~v lito,jll • . ; . of •,, 1 ME • . , f; • f :"Dyes ,inoposs to abandon the public lautisssalsosucelet revenue, Edo as to. makir.s necessity fors high**. • Mre SMITH. is it 40 raise the lariffio as Pethilylvania? „ it is try fortnuelu rePreaeal The orilidiatrictin Pennitylvania- that, in 1846, when the standard of the Democracy -traded iIT The 'dd'at in every quarter iifthe State r bortiTaljth 16d ` bizii~ of `Offi4rk!rldninif unliant'eled 'avian:mine; 4ib a t banner, fioate,thete,M4layi. Wet.woald iron! ol Petinsylvania, the cotton - in ilt 'of NOW' frAe. land, and the linger Of the South, wi th atter); Odle/ „, „ interests. of ilia 'co . notty, to stand on. the same tely tug, withimAisettmiaatioas tor the' benefit ollthe wealthxd and section 0 - the Union. I BoAlislettat from The didrinsion lino "%illicit I hive tie4lid t dies rinettion of the gentleman (tort Thetrue, polloy r it twerps to me, is io secure these lands lathe cultivator, arr the legiimate end prOpiir meats of individual . develqment,'i il m promel. ing ittiotette asid,Quire uaw o u g. Om ol,the.objecrions urged against'. this bill-try thagentlemon from-Georgia [Mr. D it irtakingEnopertylnrrchased by thecomiriorr ure of the country and urine tt. Inf the tenetit al the few. But if therm holds have reimbursed glair cost, then you do 110 irijntime to any citizen by tide grant, unlese it is propel for the Government ie told theirs ai a source of revenue. By -the ro.pogs of the Secretary 01. the Interior, it seesaw these tan& brave-reimbursed their original ousts, and yielded a net revenue 91;1.43,289,465... :if, , A; 1; , , ,-.piii,-,-)Ntil HO-.Lie i. , nen Iry EMI =ZS MEM • tanfl?' • ' , Mr. GROW. I am opposed to 'raising tereilai, from the puhlio.lau tiittifiattaut and Oleg to . the ?luxe% Anil sou .4 policy kir!ttie Goren!. taunt, without any reference to theiariff. I any res. 111 P 'to nail *ilk the , genttemaii , horn Ylt, an other gentletrigi, at ;my tinte,.to tariff imilto.4osteat ',tempt point. The enure area of ate pohbe domain ficestonelen AI about ouo,oug . „ Its porchalie'Vialeticat2rat the rate of 14:41 Ciente per acne. amounting go • ' - • • ••• • 1 8 67 41 1 01Mie To that should be oddest Ike Indian) reservations, , t; which corcr intolhe original cost. amounting, 2W3A00.7*5 totes; wnicb, srefootat SI 45 pet , safe, would, make . , 4,25006 Up to the 30th J hoe. Ifsl, 331.Z0 610 acres/we Ateetilold', Kean eipenee of 2.o7'per acre mak- - • -•. And 18i , fi67135 acres, sold. ;ion 1 1111111111 l c;. pease for stlfing, rd 5.. M, cents per "acre, conk- Tlic emit?. cost (including surveying and sell - • • - The whole amount aceroutir from stiles up to 30th • • June. IRI3, wee ' - ' - - 1111‘24078 tielitit;SS3.&o:4os mote tHatt Ihe coel'of the Whole, thiti Dm r inelantra ufautvey and gale. • - Mr: DENT. I understand the ,gentleman: Motif to',.as..ert that the money eMleraled Int the.putchtusest these land.haabeen refunded: FI iihsailitlitte to have the geuttemtm explain fret* whationtee that money came. If it came fro,'" lie s'ple of lauds, then do not the lands remain au; sold still helonging to the common people of this comely. . ' Mr. GROW . they de. But tin a per - .„..• son, who'hiti advanced money for epiece ,ofpro. I ear, complain that you derive him of :a portian•of his investment, after all the money he advsneed bus beetirrelunded t The furthersalei of theprisjiiitt „ , ty, it any, would be a speculation. And, air, jft a Wise aniCsotind policy for the Government to,hold these lands for such a purpose.? For after• they pass from the 4Goventment, until settled, the Govern. meat derives no -advantage from their sale, save the interest on the SI 25 per acne • But by en eeL teal settlement the occupant is constantly 'paying revenue on the imported articles which he coed games, while he is increasing the taxable Parpervyt cube Stath L und adding his part to all that gives camtott to society.: But none ot• these advantage* result horn the lands being held by a speculator: Mr. DENT. • llikezentlen.en will allow me 181 interrupt him ; I simply want to ask one questker; One al the objects of the friends of this meagre seems to keep the publio lands out of the hands of speculators.. Now, I ask the gentleman from l'etni sylviiniag and the friends of the triennia, how they will keep these lands oat of the hands of specula.; tors when the- tire years al the 'tenantry have top' 'out , —Mr. GROW. •The man who nu kept liie quarter :section five years, and has soncianded it .with the comforts of the fireside,'and has connected with-it all the associations of home, is not likely to leave, it unless it, be for the purpose of bettering itise zondiiiun in some farAlistint t location. .Xhe probq,.. bilities are that it will se main in ahe hands uf.the settler who first selectsit - for what doss the ulator want, of cultivated lauds 1, Out even if : iliac settler:duos sell, it would be to some one.who wautr to:noltivate the land, and that would secure its con ? . t tinned seitlemait and,cUltivation—the object of the,. But the gentleman from Georgia Dir. Darr) in favor of the most liberal bounty landlows.ftwille, soldier. He And many others who, oppo,e this ,u*Ja , nre'ready,,in all eases, to vote beauties. Th e n tem , who „o forth af the call at . their country to uploid4 l , ite strunlard and vindicate its honor are true, deserviiige., it is of a more rewardihan tears the dead' But inn thanks to the living. . the tru, ha.; ese„ here's's] is not always faund in the night. waich and forlbrn hope of the battlefield; but in the gariet7thre; workshop, the by-lanes of toll. and the wildernies . hemb,ssrbere the bones and sinewsofmenare steuei giing with. the elethenti, viitifthe tirrreletitinetifisiaf cies of mime, and ibe equallyurnmereifut obstacles of afairiceitlltzatlOn.: Industry-in rags, andlabor weighe&down by , poverty, working day 1444, fate I t o face tridn.death c yet keeping t unstainel bantts4... gwomaoly,honar fi ghting iwitlihdiger and crus h e d by despair, yet,keeping its heart; unsullied ; i t e m , cy, born in spualltd, vice _anti cradled ,iu ghastly' , a crime. yet in manhood , aste tiott,Ant dignity of Ala nature, . In these achieyementa, op the obseuruha.ll,T tle7fiel4 9SPrery-day life; ti,exhatitt4 din tuaratharti.v Manly cm rigeand •fortitude that croamttlic,Atests • of the iented its. sut ns tttep h tiu44l ivlictiptonoun• led on hie ?ba:rgey, c.lg i n c uous upua thel }tattle._ ! fiaaliov F the unpreldAdingPrivale_ to 14i Fanks., l o , these obscure soldiers ofciviliiation are passed Oy as unheeded while living. as are their graveigehen diad.'"Yet their' achievements, 'if not equally ,b 4 ., bent isith those of the plumed warrior, are ett i pallit. if iibt ' Mae 'Their achteitenielife are mptei van of civilization, and on the footsteps egre—iebievenernis for the great ned, perrinatientlie: te'reitigOrmatalthid—for hie luttipitiess cot' theliis' titilituetiote. "%While; then; pitkieS, spirit goes forth into the wilderness, snatchink net' 'aria* fttia . 614164 arid'hequeathing tha n , * legacy tocivilize man, let nottiveGovernineettititrita •en nrdoe s int galley his arm •by kciatinfoitittai places bun in the power of soulless capitalariii grensgwor ihg sPeculatinne•fine upon hbi Alb baute4eigito.slei sreibe - auly fan that his-own min - bean and-tight - I Mil v• J ,l' SEIM MEI 0 =ram is: 1 .-,l,t' Ell 0,019,1111 . • • 1i.8141.51 segm4ift4
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