c 74 `...0Wt0 44portcr....
'Nee Soil, Free Speech, Free Men
Freedom ,for_precrortftorai.
-
2.P.ActLAIR..,I°I4.,Eit
-
.
... - Tcrwanda, , Satirday,.Deemberli,lBs
' eriDs-ef Ther. eioirter.
.:.11,11.151),,per annum—af p 414 within.ole,yearlidi cuing will
' Seideaticted.;-••dit dish Old ticsualli: OCtwill be
• Alai siebsik; N pajciesentovertwo9curs.Unless for.
. Arivsavosinuarrs.. per square of tell lities.76o cents for the
add , facosusi.for each • stitorquent insert nn
, ()trice. in Ole." Union Ulfick," 1100 ,:i side al the ruble
8 9 areZneit'doOfto the Brodkin& itoitl; itorance be,ween
.. Mews. Adams ' Ellen's law off.cesv.
.;:,:lJiiiir. oi:orrinirs:
=I
4 A rieiTimn Fins;—On lam B.atunlay,lnortting, at
ationt one o'clock, our town was visited by finother
fre t Maitie;'the tcurth conflagration (rom,wltich we
hare Suffeted within a (ex/ months. The tile wan
first overed in the rear" of a frame building on
the noiih Ride of Bridge-st., owned and occupied
by Edward Whalen as a tavern. The progress of
he fire was so rapid that but na small portion of the
(uiiti'u;e was saved. We understand that Mr. W.
lA . tin iusufance of $lOOO Lion the building and
its conteule.
buildrna adjoining on the West, ownet and
oCen . pied by.Dlts. Brake was also destroyed. Coo
eideraide"Of the furninue.was renlOved.No insu
, .
• Dy the most eitraortlipary.exertions the building
on the corner of Midge-et. was saved, and the pro
grass of the fire arrested, by partially demolishing
thebulldirig occupied by C. Coleman, whose loss
is covered byinsorar.ce.
An old - one-story framed house in the rear - ofihnse
build:ngA, owned . hy Gen. Panon,'WiS also biirLied..
The,Euuth side t.t . it.lv Et. wa5 ... ,41 inattilient,
Q jr.ing6Y 2 --blit on this & as -,Tou previci4bciltEtotis,
&rise
A o ho ‘ti:et t!( 4el)t s tlkt: : " itro . Leress
element
"
. C rl t Lfl,l' Tr: Si ;.•
4 - •AltIDCWifLa•i-On:vnilay s martin wok, ii
, IN 1 , 05 T; of thivplace,* tirter•proceelling.to work
• --oprns.ther 'roof- ot -the 'it wellinr erecting by Miller
Fox~in'thelovicet'.partof the .borough, his feet slip.
• -ped, owing totthe. heavy float upon the shingles,
and towns precipitated' down the roof, and falling
zi . distanceuf fifteen feet upon the.nneoverod timber
crork oldie piazza. When first discovered be was
-hanging perms a juice, senseless. Though severe
• ly injared, we learn that he is rapidly recovering.
A Pule, in the employ of Packer Z.: Bennett,
wris'eanglai by a bank of earth 'falling upon him,
one day lait week. When extricated, it wasfuand
that one I .g was broken, mid that he was other.
• wise Willy, though not fatally, - injured.
Question Sewed.
The act imposing five thousand dollars additional
tax upon the Borough or Towanoa, for the purpomr
of defraying in pan the expenses of the. new Court
I.liousN-has beetutlarsubiect al judicial decision.—
)It ill. be recollected that GQC. Shenk vetoed the
fr Jaw, upon the ground that it was inexpedient and
infringed upon the consthutiorr, but h passed by a
, two thirds. vote.:
"Sonte•lew• of the citizens resisted the law, and the
nuestion.olits constitutionality was raised irra case
stated at the last May term. :Judas :-Wilmorgave
i.idgmeut for the tax.- Xbr-defentiant took the cause
m titer,SuprenteCoOrr,.whemithecanse waimtued
uttylderistricattlarna:stud. McFarlane:age:nu, and by
Mr Elwell in support of the law. We give,below
btheppiniat of 'be Supreme Couctdeloremd by GIB:.
SCN
In every gobertittferindtratlon-is an attribute 14
•bovetlek_ tity exec° i sed, :the tvilVoltbe,aionarch
tit a despNi;T:i,. l 3 . o.i“,4Fc.prOlace, with the:organ
la ar in a republ ic. Bitglanth lases.were„laid
r , v'tbe ibl4airtisrity'Orthil'tilig, until the reign ot
0 1 1 :1Ard tlte Ist, wild bound hintiell And his'ittc.,
tcesanrsictemeicise this part of:the preregative•onlp
with the wsent of the Lnr4„entl c Commens ; but
thatt,;il.it seised to be royal and, became national,
eert4tl not to-bean attribute ot Sovereign power.
In every American State, the people in the aggre
!gate, constitute the sovereign with no limitation of
ipowerlititits own will, and with no trustee but its
own appointee. But ibis sovereign from the nature
or its structure:is unable to wield its power With its
own hands ; wtrence delegation of it to agents who
icoriqitute . the immediate government. But it is a
, P o o l . o late of a stattteetikitotion, which distinguishes
.4l froui ,the federal, That all the power of the people
is del'e. , ated by it except such parts of it as are spe
'Cificall; feietved, and the C•hcite of it is, without
exception, vested in the colistitujonal dispensers of
ltie
people's money. As regards taxation, there is
itolitnitation of it. Equality of counibution is not
retiFiked in the bill r frights ; and probably because
was known to be impracticable. Previous to the
,convention al 1838, we had double taxation of tracts
of unsealed lands lying tout of each oilier; of lands
mortgages of them, or gronnil rents issuing
anal of them 3 of barrk charters and'bank dividends
4trittisethere, and perhaps ofrme other things ; on
the.other hand, it was known that other deseriptions '
of property had nor been taxed at all. Since then
the-exigetteies -of the state-have brought to light
many uew_sources oL revenue , and more would
- Have been diseciiiired had more been warned. No
ithigined; however, that inerrality bad made
. 4te,previonii taxation unconstitutional. -;
if equality were practicable, in what branch .of
• geiternmentwould poWer to enloreo it reside
oNcit iwthejadiciary utiles.s•it were coMpetenticrset
rwritie 11, leW free from collisinn-witif theeenistitution
bqicanti.), it kepi* uninst. .Itooeld interpose , ow l
t hy pversteppiiig. ilia - limits - of splierAi
Vating -line' . a' power beyond`' its provinee ;by
pitnitteingctitteet tee dtikeril arid= 6y setting:lm te±...
amplit which cithe,r_ofgans otAtozoverrijappl a) ight
`ifbebefiroir kieeullar - diity to'
VairthlVfirtiglinett r Of thirertifilitatitni cloud rind
not testatehiits pinsierlimardetito,:eorrettfitigielai.
tire or executive abuses, Every braiio'ci the
rite &alien tlii titt*iiirt ice
at yak& ihereiitao rernedy;tetehise iesetiy drift
kifititigAi n lii! focl t I:X4 S4 MP:ft f• Abe %Atte/ j * .ih a t
line taxing power must be !ell to that Vert of the gay
":ern meat which is to exercise it.
h v ilso i ntaLifabo,9corer: wine so managed. SI to
ittso l B# 2bli o b V he q s :P u PaOE-alar ;claw/riotous
me rest ?` - ti is illogiCal to arguo from an es.
Ireme case; or from the abuse of`a ticiardfltr a jn-e
-iMnelahrf-itsr Arerylauthotity,R !runaway , imlfspen
-1.4419,daff hitabasetll 10)) itatialll'notr it:would
te 15 - anodes's' for good. &naffs the, argument is
funuded on a denial of popular justice. A legisla.
tarsrarbsi bad -kola:natl.& aarruptiaic, would , never
T r
auortt..r.!, ~ ir -0 % ,:.7 L. - -• • '....1.- -
_ pitikatthants_of Towana,ircliamrer t haYe Po ,
I rbilltilsitAitt tiiaikbre:' The advautiges
VI a county town are tab well appreciated not to
'sult.r,y,.ylag,eltojttljts exc.' i me In baye n„
1
ir Ible,eNtit l letlt, r iteben it t • veiii
flee. -Itillithitu Co 1 lib "t o r 1 the ,u
, I To4Oulato no ••• v- am tli tl•_ e 01 .
ice ;.. la* i! * A . nt
~, otit by, l
di- tent _ the "-.• n nig t rn, but e
tient - rea. Isei I Fitt pi, "an up :_ini l
of to y, - • •ere" nratty bt
itone
S ill ptoportion. It t•an for the legli4u we
iliv
rani njfirmed
lIESIDENT I 7A I Fg4
. ! • 4 - • cd i 4l o.l h -Vgsisiryrseom'Anstwectssse
---an • - 'e °into - - treseefarrecr:i -
The taltisrAMail.Mtii 4 p7Pace the clnie
1-,n i ttri.,1 1 1 ,4 5 , :5•14u.1t 1t44. OM? : ittaltest. ti..-rxitltl,
'difdiiitty Oolitic:11r qvgiii.• . *The ijuild(qiiiiiar'electithi
of Chle4l,lligistiaie 144 -. ' liiiii:E4mfFi- with' les:W:4li trie
the sisal excitement. ~ Howevacrthufivistnetsroutid7,
PaYlids fflifyliav#.4 4 s9 4ismmiltiett:iil 41411esult„
it is iretrenhetiss a salls;ct ntmumotiji.mugratulatiort'
that thielinitie'litiii be'eli iti.ereit 6y, tile tudispend:
end suffrages of a tree people, undiiiterbed by those
itifinences which% other-corintsies-have.4oo:often l
affect the putily ol.pepular eleetiorts,. ,- . :.
Out grateful thanks ire due to no Allmereilul
Providence,
.not o M
uly for ayito , the pestilence
whicli' in 'different feints - hits deserter-if-Sonia-of our'
ci t ie s , butler crowning Me . labels •of Iles hoaband
init.
man with an ab l:int ha rvest, and the nation gen-1
erally, with the bles s ings_ of . p.eiti,e arid
..prospetity. l
IVihiii a Tew - weekS the public mind has bsen
deeply ;effected by-tint death of Pattiel Webster, fill- 1
ing at his death the e lice of Secretary of State.--L
His associates in thu Executive goveintneur have
sincerely Ey nipa!litzed with his leerily anti the pub
lic generally oe this mom cilia ri. easier!. His corn
mantling tnitit s, his great political tied professional
eminence, his well-tried • patriotism. and his long .
anti faithlul services. in. l
t o e most iiiipoilahl trusts,
toive caused his death. to he lamented thiongliout
the country, and have'earned furliini a lasting place
in Our histrey.: • '
- hi the course of she last summer considerable
anxiety was caused for-a shot - tame by an official
itinmatioe from the Governmeut ol Great. Brawn
that orders had been given tor the protection of the
fisheries upon the coasts of the British provinces in
North - America against the alleged encroachments
of the fishing weasels , of:the United. States and
France. The shortness of this notice and le sea
son of the year seemed to make it a rya: or of ur
gent itirist , itt r irsi. It was at fir t opine headed that
art increa-ed naval lorcebad been ordered to the
fislikes grounds:to early, into effect. the .Btitieli in•
lerpre;atio n. of those provisions in the convention of
48'18, iir re erence to the true in•ent or which the
litiottivernMenti iliffer.. It Was • anon dlicovered
that inch was tionitteslesign of . Great grittier,. end
I .l,atiafestery l explanationscit .thessealiubjeent Of the
I IP.lt eha Ym' 4 A 4 .4.i. i r.Pi l el.9a4r h- 4 Ps 4.k4d•Al.‘frott•
The unadjusted difference, liov4ever;!betweeli the
oixo'govetrinienits as to the interpretation-el the Thal'
artiote s uf the eenventientil .1818-is will &matter ol
irnpoitance. American fishing vessels within nine
or ten years have been excluded from waters to
which they had free access his 26 years after the,
negotiation of the-treaty. In 1845 This exclusion
was relaxed so far as concerns the Bay of Fundy,
but the just and. liberal iutention of_ the Home gov
ernineut, in compliance with what we think the
true construction of the convention, to open all
other outer bays to our fishermen, was abandoned,
in consequence of the opposi.ion of the colonies.—
Notwithstanding•this, the. United States have, since
the Bay of Fundy was reopened to our fishermen
,
'it 1845, pursued the most liberal course towards
I the cZ.'!ouittl - fishing interests. - By the revenue law
lof ;Q46, the iluties on colonial fish entering our
ports w ere gi:atly tOthlcetl, and by the warehous
ing act it is all.WCii":2 be entered in bond without
pay meat of duly. In this w a y color:ial fish has =-
milted - the monopoly of the export tiJZltt in Or mar
ket, and is entering to some extent into Ines Ponta
consumption. These facts were among those whicis
::creased the sensibility of our fishing interest, at
the movement in question.
Tuese circumstances and the incidents above al.
Wert th 'have led the to-think the moment lavora.
the fur a reconsideration:of the entire subject of the
fisheties.on the coast of the British provinces, with
a view to place there upon a more liberal footing
of reciprocal' privilege. A willingness to meet us
in some - arrangement'of thisikind is underitood to
.exist at:Whet-part 01 Great. Britain, with - a desire on
'her part to include in one comprehensive settle
ment, as well this subject ite.the commercial inter
course between the United States and the
. firitish
frovincee?"thaVeVienglit that Withlever arrange.
metes may be made on these two sublevel, itisex-
. pedienithat they.aluseldbp %embraced . 'm , separate
conven?ions. The illness and death of the late,Sec•
retary . ef State prevented the commencementOf the
l'itifinektiph:fedietrihiation. '' Piling hivels,bMi t a ken
to collect the-informatiOnlemsired for the lletnitssof
such an arrangement. The subject is attended with
itonsiderable diffictOty,. 1 . (1) is bound practicable to
come to an agreentent Mureall; 'acceptable) m the
tvArlialties'r'ecititfititidns• May be•-eone - Mled 'in the
course of the present winter:. The control ol Con
gresir Over all ili&proyi-ionsof bug . ti,a4 urtangen eut
affecting the'. reveque, will of courts, be reamed.
. The' affairs - of Cuba funned a preinineht topic in
in my last annual message. They remain in en
uneasy condition, and &feeling of alarm and irrita
tion on the part of the Cuban authorities appearivio
exist. This leeling has interfeted with the regular
commercial ihteivourse between the United Slates
and the island, and led to some acts. of which we
have a right to complain. • But the Captain Gene.
ml of Cuba is clothed with no power to treat with
foreign governments, -nor is he in any degree tin
der the control of the Spanish Minister at Wash
ington. Any communication which ho may hold
with an agent of a foreign power is inforthal and
matter of courtesy. ' Anxious to pus an end to the
e
existing inconveniences. (which seemed to rest on
a misconception,) I directed the newly appointed
Minister to Alexico to visit Havana, on his way to
Vera Cruz He was respectfully ' received by the
Captain General, who conferred with him freely on
the recent occurrences; but no permanent arrange'-
merit was affected. -
iii the meantime the refusal of the Captain Gene
.,ral to allow passengers and the mail to .be landed
in certain cases, ler a reason which does not furnish
in the opinion of this Government even a good pre.
semptive ground for such a prohibition, has been
made the sarbject of ts serious remonstrance at Mail
'rid : and I have no, reason to doubt that due respect
'will' be paid by the government of Her Catholic
Majesty to the representations which our Minister
Kan been instructed to make on The. subject.. : -. •
ti is bUtlustice to the Captain. - General to add,
- that his conithet towitrirtlier" areamer - erriploYeil in
carry, the tnailrof The United Bisbee to' Havana has,
with the exceptions nbove,allutled to been marked
' Willi kifithietiii roil' libel:ay, and indiaateti im 'gen.
;etral purposermlinteiferingstifirtheeoloniereial car
seopoisdesice ited,intercuerve,ketvreenLheialand.and
this country: '
Early in the presentypar o ff icial notes were"re;
ftillititiVirtim'ffi&lßintsterti tif 'FfrifiCeStinY Outland;
sinking the Goemlimem 611huvUttited:Stalesiekbe.
.93mtaArparly;w0 „Great, ilvietini:ltteikklacce.tiolita
tripartite Convention, in viilue of which the.. lltt,.#el
powers should severally and collectively diselidin;
F.nottromil for the ieterei-all-intehlioaltv:elftritlicts.
.-FtCAlicWitt i blitielande44Vrttinti mid elionldisituffbeds.
selves jp,Jiscounle,neueeulkatlekOPts•lusling, glleo
etc the pail of peciet sir individual whatever
-This invitation hits teed resii&fellY declined,' for
. reasons - which:it sarottla oceapy too witieltspacer in
• this . communicotiorsio etatc to dentititet which red
me to think that thapreposed. ateasttre,tstenht.be of
rdeubtfufermsfitrititinistO, it/Oolitic: nnerattniaifing.
II have, however, in common wtthieveiat - of 'my
predecessors, directed the Ministers of France-and
England to be assured that 'the United Staiee Miter.:
-
•tallted ncideikinii 'wait lit Cuba . ;" but that, on the
contrary; I should regard iqincorperitioa into - . 'The
-Union et the_:presentiinteas 'fraught with Betimes
peril. r •
1 •a... .
.
Were this island comparatively destitute t - it in.
.
,
1
MEI
habitants, cr occupied by a 'kindred race; - I should
of 7.,_
tegattlit, it oluniarity ceded by Spain , . a most
deal - ble "rpir,,,.7n. But, under etrciii 9 Circ 4 -
ilia r.., oul p 7. ook upon its intOrp . ion' ." to
Liu . nto •: a . y, hazsrdous m ure ..Jt • •,,,,.d
hit ' i nto !",- wF tederacy a pop ion la di ;. .
int - do ? in .: speaking adi rent. ng.• tl e ,
an - Oftl *IV -1 , a 11111 l iiize with Aar , ,':,
I -ou . ..ably affect in apr • ..
le nian
!lei the industrial inteiests of die South ; and it
lutttrixelke_tsit conflictsof o Mimi between the
r.nrit - recTelM . alrtgrahr t- -
the Union to its gentre, and which have been so
happily comprotnistil.. l ' 4 ' , ;.v i'....,. *........ - il r . - :.n......;.,.-.
The rejection by the Meiican Congress of the
C t itiefilitiotilkliiiifilifid — beeli Ciiifilialid liericreeir
that lippablicpad thejitir,i)eiltl i alies4Wr i Cr4 l. '
brill (4 aAraas4 lay aciociiii Ali
nee and of the inietems ofduos citizens 01 the
... —.— —.—...
rights which tonferied on one of h4r
own citizens ill tepid-La-dna transit, has thrown ta.
Serious ,übstiek fit rim ssitymlst attalittneliV of t it
rlPAlYl4slr* 4. Ba'i,t l 34
ju liopf,that trie d i fferences on the
,subject . .wionir
Viiikortii7ty treW.ulier lig;"64vieell lhu gn,irein •
'ttietilayiyill"r7bel Mott:ably lilidatett • INS- Stibl4t4l„
thowever,'has alrtmdyeugagei.lither• attention the
:Senate of the . Utitted requires no Hither
peirument in this,comntinication •,
The i-ettlein;rif of the' question' r ei.pi:eiinv; di e
0
*pert of SaifJuan de Nicarazua, Met Of the et:intro
veal. between ihe tepublica of.-Costa Rica and Ni
'reneges is regard to their bouudaries, waScousidet•
indispensable to the conitnencemeta of . the ship
canal between the two means,' which was the sat,-
jeet of the convention between the United States
title Great Dwain if the l9th of Apt!, 185 e. Ac
coidiugly a proimsition fur the, sante purposes atl
dresved to toe two governmeids in that quarter. and
to the Mosquito - Lidians, was a.:ireed to in April
last by the Secretary of Stale and the Itlinis.er of
her Bt 'tannic Maj e sty. Besidt s the wish to all in
mitotic:thug the ilitliptices of die two republics,
engaged in the negcciation from a desire In place
• ibe great utak of ' ship canal between the two
oceans Under one janistliction. and to establish the
important putt of San Juaii de Nicaragua under the
government of a civilized potter. The proposition
it, question was asseated to by Costa Rica and the
Mosquiai Indiana ' It has not proved equally ac
cep•able to Nicaragua, but it is to be hoped that the
further megociations on the .subject winch- are i n
traitt wall be carried. on in that epii it of conciliatioti
and compromise which ought always to prevail on
such occasions, and that they will lead to a satiidac.
tory tesUlt.
I Nava the satistactibn to inform you that the ex
ecutive goveiritnent of Vet.ezuelit tiaslackLowledg•.
ed some claims of citizens ci the United Suttee,
which have for many year; past been urged by our
charge ill affairs et Cameos. it listoped that the
•same sense ofJustice:will•actuate•the , Congress of
itiat Republiti,jni providing the, neaps fur their pay
• teVtalif'h aird the
4fairrletlertited*Ratesi have 'Opened the prospect of an •
improved state of thing.sin that quarter, the govern
,menut of finest Britain anal Fiance determined to
negutiale with the,clatil of the new confederacy for
the free aceetis CI theireotiimerce to the extensive
countries watered by the tributaries of the La Plata ;
and they gave a friendly notice of this purpose lb
the United States, that we might it we thought pro
per e iusue the same course. In compliance with
this Inv itation,Our minister at Rio Janeiro and our
charge d'affaires at Buenea Ayres have been fully
authorized to conclude treaties with the nearly-or
ganized Confederation, or the States composing it.
The delays which have taken place in the forma
tion of the new government have as yet prevented
the execution of those instruction. ; but there is
every reason to hope that these vast countries will
be eventually opened to our commerce.
A treaty of commerce has been concluded be=
tween the United States and the Oriental Republiz
of Uruguary, which will be laid before the Senate.
Should this convention go into operation, it will
open to the commercial enterprise of our citizens a
country of great extent and unsurpassed in natural
resources, but from which foreign nations have
;.:itherto been almost wholly excluded.
The trurrespondence of the late Secretary of State
with the :'gruVLlrt charge d'affaire relative to the
L da.is Wands COITIMULIiCaIeti to Congress to-
L.
ward the close of the las; session. Since that time,
on further investigation of the !he double
which had been entertained of the title of Perd
those islands have been removed; and I bat's
deenied.it.lust that the temporary wrong. which had
been unintentionally done her, from want of inlor
mstion shoild be repaired by an unreserved ac
krowledgmeni of her sovereignty.'
I have• the tatisiactiow to Intern) 'you that the
course pursued by NM dta . tl been creditable to the
liberality el her government. Before it was knoyyn
by her that her tide would _be acknowledged at
tAisliirigroe, ter Minister of Foreign Affairs' had
at.thotized'unr charge d'affairs at Lima to announce
sto the American yew/0 whictslatt gone to the Le,
boa for wieuct,..lblat.llip ;''eruviart Oovertmrteutii was
freiblit them 6n it 6 own account. Tim
ir!(efttidn hair Ceen carried into eft& by the Peru.
vian Minister tete; by an arrangement 'which -is
believed-to lan advantageous to tlaeparties in inter
est. ~
-
Oar settlements on the sores o tePact ave
ahttaify glivin a Meat extensien;* and lit eeme re
spects a new direction, to our commerce' in`-that
ocean. A direct-and rapid increasing intercourse
lints sprung up with Lantern Asia. The waters of
N
dieorthern - Pacific even into the A..eiie sea
have 01 late year. been frequented by our whale.
men. The application of steam to the general rut
peses 01. navigation ia,becoming daily more,com
mon, and makes it desirable to obtain fuel and other
neceesary . suppfitir, at convenient points on the route
between Asia and our Pacific shores. Our unfortu
nate countrymen who from - time to time sutler ship
wreck on the coasts of the eastern seas are entitled
to protection. Besides these specific otjects,, the
general prosperity of our States on the Pacific re
quires that an attempt should be made to open the
opposite regions of Asia to a mutually beneficial in
tercourse. It is, otos ious that this attempt could bp
malls by no power to so great advantage as by the
United States, whose constitutional system excludes
every idea of distant colonial dependencies. I have
accordingly been led to order an appropriate naval
force to Japan, under the command of a discreet and
intelligent officer of the highest rank known to our
service, He is instructed to endeavor to obtain
from the government of that country some relaxa—
tion of the inhospitable and anti-social system which
it has pursued for about two centuries. He has
been directed particularly to remonstrate in the
,strongest language, against the cruel _treatment to
which our shipwrecked mariners have often . been
subjected. and to insist that they shall be treated
with humanity.— He is instructed however at the
euine‘tjaie.tpetive that governmeot the amplest-4S
se raves that the objects
. of the United States, are,
such and such 'only I h - atio indicated, end that the
expedition is friendly and peaceful. , Notwithstand
ing the jealousy with whiehtlwitoveniments of East
ern Asia regard all overtures from foreigners, Lam
not without hopes of a beneficial result of the,expe
dition. Should it be crciwnid With success, the ad
vantages will not be confined to the United States.
but, as in the case4Chie.t t wifi : beettually,enjoyed
by all the other maritime powers. I hap ,much:
satisfaction in stating that in all the steps prepare-,
tory to this expedition thlegOveremesitorthe Mated;
States has been materially aided by the . geottoffices
of the,,liillg.Pf -
r er Irreaff
power having Cy coiriiiierma re elides *it Japan.
In passiog from this survey of our &Feign-telt
lions, I invite the attention of Congress to the con-„
rdiret+ ell that department: of'. the Vovernrnent to
which WI bettoett of the public Wahine is-entrust
ed, Our intereputed_with fmign,,potvers bus -of
late Yearsigieitly increased , both - in- coaseitieuct of
'oar ovin growttrscatt the insrodactiolicit ntaurnew:
•Btai4into 14. fatuity of. oatione. - .In ,Ahitt- way tke
Department of State has bechn overbuOenetk,
has, by the recent establishment orthellepettinent
ofthe'lnterior,, been relievettof some itortitnior-the
domestic business. - If Abe reeklug.of she busioessef
_that kind, such asthediatribution pf.Congeessienal
toduthents;the:kietatig,publiShlrigatid desttibittioh
of The laVntef The-Unlied Mittel, the execution of the :
copyright law, the subject of reprieves.andpeirdocuk
and some other subjects relating to interior admits-
istrations, should be transferred from the Depart- 1
meat of State, it would . . unquestionably be for the
e fitpate pllidiiitOiCe.,frilAki also luggest
thr - ,t thit builillni a prstipriateAd to Pie Btate4teparts:
t i
Xiie nib not 111 frOhat reason .ther reiso,think i
Sheieliye:de tat I)4lcorrue . , landLihat the
Bip
ip
hinis of Go ernine i4in rge 91rithe, t De-,
Nirtuatit, Oh th=viar9s clglectiolfo of i the;
Autiasctiptpapers shingtosW.taffeatial• Hini - 4
ilton, Madison, and Monroe, are exposed to destruc
tion by fire. A similar remark may be made of the
,' • 1•i1.1... • ' i i . ' • AlErMrilK
partments.
-_,Tbeootlitisnkolges:Treasury is exhibited in the
annual report from the Department.
The cash receipts.into the-Treasury -foe the de
cal year ending the 39 , th Joal.trisireleskve
H of t vli
fu g .o,,t4 gitz.liineptillio s firviiengreel
trieritytefilit thousand dir'ee a n red and eighty-six
elnibtrstatlistliaktifenlii l4lB4264-801 I .
ifiiiixpnaltiiretTor - the same - period,' likewise ex-
'Clusitis of truia-frandsarere' flirty-Pr iiiillibil sited
'thiiiisassi - eight-hundred and -trinety six !dollars and
twe 1 .11.75cen4111 40 t 0 9 1 45Y 6 ' 2O 0.i9C 1 44c1i Pine &-
heirs fpur hundredapd 111:4 fsfle thousand arid eight
iiichiired and fifteen dollirrs hod eighty. three cents
09,455,815 - 83) ass , ori ;tlC.4ollllt' of te principal
awl , inteirt,oftbelpabber delft,. including. the • last M. i
stahneet of „the, ,incleffinity,te Jtlexico, under. s4i ,
treaty bf dadelepe'llidalpi, leaving a balance of
$14,632,196'87 in the Treasury on the first - day of
July last. zt4inc6 this latter period, further- purcha
ses 9f,the, principal of the public debt have been
made to the extent of two millions four hundred and
fifty six thousand five hundred and flirty seven fdirl
tars and flirty nine cent. ($1,458,547 411.) tliia the
surplus in the Treasury will continue to be applied
to that object, wheneVer the stock can be procured
within the Waits, rts to Price, 'authorized by law.
The value of foreign Merchandise imported din
ing the last fiscal year was two hundred and seven
millions twa hundred and forty thousand vne hun
dred and one dollais, ($207,210,101 ;) and the val
ue of domestis productiouS extorted was one hun
dred and forty nine millions eight hundred and sixty
one thousand nine hundred and eleven ; dollars,
($149,601,911;) besides seventeen millions two hun
dred and four thousand and twenty six dollars, Csl7,-
204,026) of foreign merchandise exported; making
the aggregate of the entire exports one 11m:hired and
sixty 'seven millions sixty five thousand nine hun
dred and thirty seven dollars, ($167,065,937;) ex
clusive of the above there was exported forty two 1
millions five bundled and seven-thousand two hun
dred
and eighty five dollars ($42,507,585) in specie ,
and imported from foreign ports five millions two
hundred and sixty two thousand, six hundred and
furry three dollars, (35,262,643.)
In my first annual message to Congress I called
your attention to what seemed to me some &revs in
the present tariff, and recommended such modifica
tions as in my judgment were best adapted to reme
dy its evils and promote the prosperity of the coma.
try. 'Nothing has since occurred - to change my
views on this important question.
Without repeating the arguments contained in my
former message, in favor of discriminating, protec
titre duties,-I deem it my duty to call yikr ottebtion
to ode or two other considerations affecting this
'subject. The first is, the.effect of larger imports
ayes of foreleg goods upon our currency. Most of
the gold of Califdrnia, as fast as-it is coined, finds
It way directly to 'Batik in payment for goods pur
chased. In the second place, as our manufacturing
establishment are broken down by competition with
foreigners, the capital invested in them is lost, thou
sands of honest and industrious citizens are thrown
out of employment, and tile farmer to that extent is
deprived of a home market (or the sale of his sun
Plus produce. In the third place. the destruction
of our manufacturers leaves the foreigner without
competition in our market, and he consequently rai
ses the price of the article sent here for sale, as is
now seen in the increased cost of iron, imported
from England: The prospi.rity and wealth of every
nation must depend upon its proddctive industry.—
The former is stimulated to exertion by finding a
ready market for his surplus Products, and benefit
ed by being able ioexChanee them, withoit loss of
time ur expense or transportation, for the than ufac.
tures which his comfort or convenience reifuites.—
This is always done to the hest advantage where a
portion of the community in which he lives is en
gaged in other pursuits. But most man'afactures
require an amount of capital and a practical skill
which cannot be commanded, unless they be protec.
led for a time from ruinous competition from abroad.
Hence the necessity of laying those duties upon
imported goods which the Constitution authorizes
for revenue, in such a manner as to protect and
encourage the labor of our own citizens. Duties
t‘owever should not be fixed at a rate so high as to
e .,:cluf:u the foreign article, but should be so gradua
ted e s t c-epatle the domestic manufacturer fairly to
compete with :.he foesiener in our own markets, and
by this competition is; laud:the price of the manu
factured articles to the consumer id the lowest rate
at which it can be produced. Tir;s no:'ey would
placelhe mechanic by the side of the farmer, actuate
, a mutual interchange of their respective commoili
ties,acol thus.stimulate the industry of the whole
col:miry, and render us independent of foreign na'
bons Air the aupplieit required by the habits or ne•
eeolities of the people,
Another que..tion, wholly independent of proteo.
•' . .01/1i • *
tion,.presents itself, and that is, whether the.dutigs
levied should be upon the value of the article at the
Tiber of `Shipment. or; where it is pric:ricable, -, a
Spe.
cificAuty, graduated according to quantity, as as,
certained,by we:ght.or, measure. All our duties
are at present ad valorem., ~A certain_ per, .cemage
is leviednm the 'price of thigcteds at the port of ship ,
-meat in I fbreigo . country. Most commercial naeons
have found it indispensable, for the purpose of pre.
venting fraud and perjury. to make the duties ape.
nidc whenever the article is of such a uniform
value in weight or measure as to justify such a duty.
Legislation should never encourage dishonesty or
crime. his impossible that thetevenue officers at
the port where the goods are entered and the duties
paid should know with certainty what they cost in
foreign country. Vet the law requires that they
should levy tbeduty according to such cost. They
are therefore compelled to resort to verytinsataac,
tnry evidence to ascertain what that cost was.—
They take the invoice of the importer, attested by
his oath. as the best evidence of which the nature of
the case admits. hot every one must see that the
invoice may be fabricated, and the oath by which it
,is supported false. by reason of which the dishonest
importer pays a part only of the duties which are
paid by the honest one, and thus indirectly receives
from the treasury of the United States a reward for
his fraud and perjury. The reports of the Secretary
of the Treasury heretofore made on this subjectshow
conclusively that these frauds have been practised
to a great extent. The tendency is to destroy that
high moral character for which our merchants have
long been distinguished; to defraud the Government
of its revenue to break down the honest importer
.by a, dishonest, competition t a ad? finally, to transfer
the business of impertation to foreign and irrespon.
Bible agents, to the great detriment of our owe cid.
zeni. I therefore aOrtn most earnestly tecomtuend
the adoption of specific duties, wherever it is prat'
ticable, or a Itorae vatualion, to prevent these frauds.
I woulttalso agaio call yous consideratienTe the
fact that the present teriit ir, some cases imposes a
. bigherbitropOit the raw toilette! "imported than
upon' the arlicle , Manufactured froth it; 'the etikse
(lnlnce of which is, that the'dety. operates .to she
'encouragement of the foreigner and the discourage
ment of our
.44Lo4l i iietajlgul,infrolthn.in ,regarrtukthe.
e i onditttni el
,iitulnajaq ), respect.'
' fu ity rate r yob Yci lipdit f the Secretary' of the,
r 5.; ,
' ,2 The - • Setiatenet Nativity theafghilifepeilt lldrify .
e treaties which , =bade esit !negotiate d:1 is ids- the,
.tribes ofkuliants;an• California and Oregon, our re
latieir with there have heen. left ie" ler, metal*
fiCitirfceadifiCiri. "
'ln'oltref putieofitur territcirYPertiCtihir dist riots of
harlotry traveheiny set apart for the , exchisive ,cc
cnpation ot,the 1. PQM % end their right to_ thelemis
within those limits has been.acknowfedged and - re,
OPeotod. _,But in California and ("repo, there. has
been ncf rec*ititi'ciriby the G.tveriiinertt cif - Me - ex
'cluitiVerighlef the'ludianer be any Pert Of the Conn.
i r y, ar e therefore mere tenantem - sufferance,
and liable to be driven front place to place, at the
.‘pleasure of the whites. •
'The treaties Which have'been rejected priiiirtsed
to 'remedy - ibis evil by-allotting to the different tribes
districts of country suitable to, their habits- at life,
and sufficient for their support. This provision
more. than any other, it is believed, led to their re.
jection ; and
_as no s u bstitute for haitteen adopt-J
..(1147Vouprtiss,711. has not been ilOirifeCadiiii.l6le
lo atterppt , o entneinto new heath* ef . ifiermiiiinit
:Char
, er, althono no effort h as lteaultpiareiriby
:lent ' ry poithipp)nents to proierve ', : frie4tllY 'te.la;"
fort nth em.:?; ..- „.. 1 er,.„ i n
If ?o il of Congress to entetie. m
tip,tor/rite eat ' iether, cr to Areitigifiti4 - -
particular districts more remote from the settlements
.-VBfSalßkskEirt,,, icl 9P - 17kr - 7 1, P' -r--
1 etieri` erre iieli 1 eye tiw,itp, ono WS' pro
vide the Means necessary for removing them toil
Justice alike to our own citizens and to the Indians
requires the prompt action of Congress on this
.. . ...... ..: ... .....
sable-el. -- - -
~:.; Ilte ywiephrwitruomptoseil by the Senatil, Id the
•trecitles`Whlc4Were,riegolinted with the Sioux In
.
diens of Minnesota, have , been 'submitted to the
Vtr
, is'l4lllMirtilitierinrrniFiTh7W7l 011;1411'
their rassenl.' ar large - tract.,ol valoahle(,ter ritory , hak
1 .-444/JeCu PEett,ed, for ,i,,9*:*.nyip4 cmtivaien.,*l
Is 211 danger of cnitisititi -with
i'liiiiiibirufi'&iiiteed. tiliiiiiits , refr:iitiir' ---• ..." "
,- ••
The tiitioYal of the , remnatirofthe tribe of Semi
note Indians from Florida has long been a cherish.
.e.i.l object of the Government, and .it is one , which
•' my attention has been steadily. directed. Ad mon
ishid by past 'ex pet-Vince of the'difficiilty and - cost
' of the attempt to remove them by military force,
'resort has been had to conciliatory measures. By
thejuvitation of the.Commission.er of Indian affairs,
several of the principal chiefs recently visited
Wathington, and whilst here acknowledged in wri
tings the obligation of their tribe to remove with
the least possible delay. Late advises from the
special agent of the Government represer.t that they
adhere to their promise arid that a council of their
people has been Called to make their preliminary
arran ,, einenta. A general ernigrationmay there
fore be confidently expected at an early day. .
. The report ,fiom the General Laud Office shows
increased se ivity in its opperatiot.s. The survey
of the northern boundary of lowa has been comple
ted with unexampled despatch. Within the last
year 9,522,952, acres of public land have been
surveyed, and 8,032,563 acres brought into market.
In the last fiscal year there were sold
1,553,071 acres.
Located with bounty land -
warrants, 3,201,3/4 a
Located with other certificates, 115,682 a
Making a total of 4,870,067 ci
in addition there Were—
Repartedlonder swamp land grants, 5,219,188 gi
Fur !eternal improvements,
railroads, &e. 3.025,926 "
Making an aggregate of . 13115475 "
Being an increase in the amount of lands sold and
located under,fatid warrants of 569,220 acres over
the preVious year.
The tvhote amount thus sold, lobated under land
warrants; reported -under swampland gtuntsand, se•i
!acted for internal 4inprevernentscexceeds that
t previous year by.,3, 342,372 acres; and. the
saes would without doubt, have been much larger
but for the extensive ` reservations for iiilrbads la
Missouri, Mississippi and Alabama.
For the quarter ending 30tti September. 1832,
Mere were sold 243,255 acres
Located with oounty land
' warrants, 1,387,116 "
Located with other certi
ficates,ls,6l9 "
•
Reported under swamp land •
grants, 2,485,233 "
Making an aggrag,ate for the
quarter of
Much the larger portion of the labor of arranging
and classifying the returns of the last census has
been finished, and it will now devolve upon Con
gress to make the necessary provision for the pub
lication of the results in Mich form as shall be deett
ed best, The appointment of representations, on
the basis of the new census, has been made by the
Secretary of the Interior in conformity with the pro
visions of law relating to that subj-tct, and recent
elections have been made in accordance with it.
1 donnmend to your favorable regard the sugges•
lion contained in the - report of the Secretary of the
Interior that provision be made by law for the pub
lication,and distribution, periodically, of an ana
lytical digest of all the patents which have been ; or
may have been, or may hereafter be, granted for
useful inventions and discoveries, with such des
criptions ehd illustrations as may be necessary to
present an intelligible view of their nature and opera
tion. The cost of such publication could easily be
defrayed out of tb patent fund, and lam peisoad
ed that it could be applied to up object • more, ac
ceptable to inventors and beneficial to the public at
large.
An - appropriation of Stoo,ooo having been made at
;he last sessipn for.the purchase -of a suitable site,
and tv: the erection, furnishing and firing up.uf au
Asylum,, for Inftne of the District of Coiuuibia,
and of te 'Army and '6l the United States,
the , Propeetneastires have - tyeert adopted to early
-this-beneficent-purpose into effect.
By the latest ad ices from the Mexican Buunde
ry it appears tha t the vey of the,
river Gila, from.its confluence With the G.•iurado
its supposed intersections with the western line or
New Mexico, has been completed. The survey of
the Rio Grande-has rlso been finished horn the
point agreed on by the Commissioners n " the plot
where it strikes‘ the sotitherboUnidary of New ,"4lex
ico" to a point one hundred and thirty five miles
below Eagle Pass, which is about two-thirds of the
4 stance along the course of the river to its mouth.
The appropriation which was triads at the last
session of Congress far the continuation of the FM ,
•vey tairubjeet to the following provision- :
, 4 Pic/aided, That no part of this appropriation
-shall be used or expended until. it shall be made
satisfactory to appear to the President of United
States that the southern boundary of New Mexico
is not established by the Commissioner and survey
or of the United States farther north of the town call
ed' Paso' than he same is laid down in Distortion's
map, which is added to the treaty.
My attention was drawn to this subject by a re
port from the Department of the Interior, which
reviewed all the facts of the _case, and submitted
for my decision the question whether, under exist
ing circumstances, any part of the appropriation
could be lawfully used or expended for the further
prosecution of the work. After a careful cons id er .
anon of the subject, I came to the conclusion that
it could not, and so informed the head of the De
partment, as they could not be paid ; and todiscon
tinue all operations on the southern line of New
Waco. But as the Department had no exact in
formation as to the amount ot provisions and mo
ney which remained unexpended in the hands of
the commissioner and surveyor, it was left discre
tionary with them to continue their survey down
the lilo Grande as tar as the means at their die
pomd-wontd enable them, or at Once to discontinue
the contorisakm. &special messenger has slam
emitted from the officer imcharfp.of the survey on
the river, withinformation that the funds subject to
-his diapopaf were exhausted, and the officer's and
others employed in the service were destittite alike
of the means.ofprosetutingthe_work.und of-keturn
ing,to thrair)temes.,::! : • ;
- p f ie ohject7otthp prqqinArmttoutole.;sllp arms
ihhtifirey Of 'the sou AO ii*fero liner; 'oft
.ItislielfeedoilrViethirte different opinions
;have:dean expressed ;Jar it , is tinnily to- be !sup
pesekthat there cold:be tiny objection to tbat'part
of the line which eXtentlealong the channel of the
Rio '6.11106. 13'lit' the twins of the law are so broad
astO , forbirf the Arse 'of any 'part s of themone 'y for
the pmecutiorrof the wink, .or -even 'lot' the pay
ment, to the,officers end:their agentae.of the arrear
rwes of pay w.bich.are justly due to, them. ~
earnestlyinvite lour prompt attention Jo this
. subject, and "recommend a modification of terms Of
iheprovisn'ila itit&enable the Department to use
as much of the appropriation as be necessary
Aordischarge the existing obligations of the Govern
ment,. and, to complete the survey of the Rio Gran
de to its mouth.
ik will also be proper to'mako further provision
by law for the fulfilment-of our treaty with Mexico
;.(or funning andmunking the the residue of the boun
' ,dary line between. the two countries.
---
Permit me to invite your particular anemi—
c),
the interests of the District of Columbia, Whi ch 11
ian i fitledliy dye Constitution to your peculiar c
Ainoust,the measures which seem to m e of tt e ,
auction du copious supply of water into lb, ob
eitea ter ia)
P° oss ita th r e ctie . ll P : o lo to li m nisc ac P: t sn o sPie r r e fu p ile l Yl ac i: e ll:r t e b ° ot :h e : v ilul h ab i l l
:: 1 4 - 1 Waslailetoul
4Wi l i iie rt ill e 't : B leidqed by high water in the early:NW;
present year.
,
At_the .4 -I . 4 e.FEOPP.P I _,C (4 %Ti IN I lipprop r i ar .,_
gill'iniidelogieliay the cost of tLe survei l , r ,7
i vy for determining the. best means 01-ag uri fi r 7„
unfailing supply of goodsuid. wholesom e , Irai L l ia
Some progress has been made in the survey,
as soon wilt is completed the result will be l ard t
fore you.,
... . .
Further appropriations will also be necesi a , y
0 rad iits arul vavirikt the sit:est e _ a nd
,leentte l ,
eneiostrig aiitVeritbellistang "the pt . :dile g rolus
within the wiphingunt
I commehei til drew 'of.j.•ble, logpther with th d
charitable instill:Moto *fide District, to ) 0 ,, b nor.
able?,fgfA,l7 - -',41
'F,very etdoit liar been made In protect oar trop,
tier, and that of the adjoining Mexican Stai n, frot
the ineurruons the Indian tribes Of about It.
C3O men of whith the army it composed, n ew ,
8.000 ire employed In the defence of the ne e l;
acquired territory, (including; Texas) and of e r ,'„:
grains proceeding theitaci. I am gratified
that these efforts have !Ain. thittsnally aticcesej
With the exception of scinie partial (malleable'.
California and Oregon, and oecalqati4ldepredatior,,
on a portion of the Rio Grande, miing,,itj e
ed, to the disturbed sate of that border regiN, to
inroads of the Indians have been effectually ies4 , 4l.
ed.
• Experience has shown, however, that *tam,
the two races are brought in contract,
will inevitably occur. To prevent these
the United States have generally set ap ar t
of their territory for the exclusive occupatio ns
Indian tribes. A difficulty occurs, hosever, m th,
applications of this policy to Texas. By tits term ,
of the compact by which that State was J 1 ,1 11;141
into the Uition Oft retained the ownership of
the vacant lands within her limits. -Th e , men.
merit of that State, it is understood, has assip ie d „
portion of her territory to the Indians; but a j
as her settlements adiance lays it oft into coon*
and proceeds to survey and veil it. This pi e ,
manifestly te n d s , Hot only to alarm and irritate the
Indians, but to compel them to resort to pinkie
for subsistence. It also deprives this Governme t t
of,that influence and control over them, tritta z
which no durable peace can ever exist benres z
them and the whites. I trust therefore, that ado
regard fur her own intetests, apart from consi,lere
tiers of humanity and mAtiip, wrll induce that Stu
to assign a small portion of hei vast domain for al
prov ismnal occupancy nt the small remnants ti
t vibes wnhin her bottlers, subject of course to be
ownership and eventu j el jutiseiction. tl she shod,
fail to do this • the our treaty stipi4
lions with Mexico, and our duty to the. Inaits
themselves, will, it is team], become a subjentti
set ittus :embarrassment to the Government I t
hoped however, that a timely and just provision t 7
Texas may avert this evil.
appropriations for Jortifidations were made o
the two tart of6sioria of Congress. The cause Mho
orniniesien is, probably, to be found in a groinq
relief that the system of fortifications adopted t o
1816, mid heretofore acted on, requires sermon.
Toe ouhject certainly deserves lull aril careful
investigation : tut it should trot be delayed hose
than call be avoided. In the meantime thee us
eel lain works vvhichfhave been commencee—o ome
of them nearly completed—designed to protect oar
pnnripal seaports from Boston to New Orleans, a ,,d
a f
c es e s tii i,
y oi
f h o e r r important iiiepea.o :
k In
believedreag i rd tat to t il:l tre e
of
lerence of opinion exists among military men.
therefore recommend that the appropriations netts
oary to prosecute them be made.
1 invite your atlenuon to the remarks on the
subject, and on others connected this Deparnit:,
contained in the accompanyin; report ot te Siert ,
Lary of War.
Measures has been taken to carry into dee IS!
law of the last session making provision lor tie
improvement of certain Fit era and harbors sal
is believed' that thfi arrangement- made tux th e gt•
pose will combine effic le trey wt It ecoritmy
tilt 2 chiefly to the advanced sea-on when he sr:
was passed, hole has yet been done in reard e
litany of the o sok, beyond ma'sing tad wen'
'preparations. IVolf respect to a few of the invss t
mettle, the some already aprropria•ed 0r,,l -erre
to coin plete them, but most ul there, w,l; re,icuel
additional appropaiations. I must that throe appro
priations be. made, and that this ;r i te anti sea
ificial policy, so auspicionoly re:mined, will berm.
(eat care shoul 11• e shell. howesest ,
commence no work whirl :s not of ouffictent teas
lance to the commerce of the country to be noted
:rational in is character. But work! have two
commenced should not be dr-c ilitinueil usol
pleted, no reherWioe the soros expeodel vir:l,
most cases be lost.
The rt.spirt from the Navy Department will is
you of the prosperous con.' mon, of the brooch
of the public service comrnitt-d to I.s chaste. It
resents lot our collo-Were , ion In any topics andeit;•
iseotirme of Which I ask your approval It ethibis
aft imu.Sual degree of activity in the operatiored
the Department during the past year.. Toe repo
nous fur the Japau expedfrom, to which I bassi
ready eluded ; the arrangements mode for the ex
ploration and survey of the China Seas, the Noril
em and Behring's; the Incipient measure
taken towards a reconnoirsanee of the continent of
A Erica, eat-twilit! of Liberia ; the preparation Corsa
early eiarnitiation of the tributaries al the Iliveris
Pieta, which a recent decree of the provisionalchref
of the Argentine Confederation has opened lose
seation'all these enterprises, and the means by
which they are proposed to be accomplished,ha r e
commands,: my lull approbation, and I have a
doubt will be productive of moot mieful resole.
Two officers of the navy were heretofore tostrog•
ed to explore the whole extent of the Amazon nor,
from the confirms of Peru to its mouth. The resin
of one of them has placed in the possession of Ile ,
Government an interesting and valuable imams
the character and resources of a county abooodie
in the materials of commerce, and which, dopes!
to the industry of the world. will prove an inestuas
tible fund of wealth. The report of this explorl
tion will be cortimanicated to you as soon as It is
completed.
Among other subjects offe red to your notice by its
Secretary of the Navy, I select fur special cosn„re.
dation, in viers. of its connexion with the interes,..t4
the navy the plan submitted by him for the estit'
lishment of a permanent corps of seamen. sod w:
suggestions he has presentettfor the feurganass s
of the Naval Academy.
In reference to the first of these, I take woo,
to say that I think it will greatly improve the '
ciency of the service. that I regard is as sull L!
entitled to favor for the salutary influence 11110,
exert upon the naval disciptine, now greatly ati ,
turbed by the increasing spirit of insotemlnat ies
resulting from our present system. The plait P,°':
posed. ,for the organization or the seamen turao!„'
a juKcions substitute the law of September e . fe l & !
abolishing" tot-pond fo nt shm horny and satisli d
b o a 7..
sustains the policy of that act, under coonaii
Well-adapted to .maintain the authority of 2 .
and
,the order and Sec:uritylof our ships' It t o _r • E:
that'Sns . elfansfe. 'a loch proposes perm: If
trio disprove with this mode of punishment, rs
hiepreeeded by- a system of enlistment afflict,
, Supply the navy with seamen of the most
r el,."' „ i
riot's class, whose good deportment andr
0 t`, 14
efeirdeter may - preclude all occasiort fors_re . e
penalties of a harsh or degrading mums T e o :
ty .. of a ship and her crew is often dependa
immediate obedience to a command, and the
ity to ftirce 'it must be equally reads.
oc , aN
The arrest of a refractory seaman, in s
ments, not only deprives the ship of inflt . e pe e ",°,
aid, but imposes a necessity fur double se be v
welted
others whose fidelity to their duties may e
upon in such en emergency. The expos ure
to_wt o i
increased and arduous labor, since the r:s t
o s:T era .
the act of 1850, has already bad, to a mo
bbe.gle
t a s u e d a i m nj e n u ri f o ro u ra s extent, the
or service in' which this Objection t `i ii "
now suggested is designed tu promote 70w,
in e
t e h c e t o n f av p y re , r el.:nbtniendgipulioebb:
4,131,253 "