~.,-d .... ':
yaturban Morning, - Mag 4, 1850.
SPEECH OF
110 N. JOHN . M. READ.
have r ead with much pleasure and satitsfee
fim, the Speech of the Hon. JOHN M. Rain, Late
Attorney General of this State; delivered before
the ph9a e lph r a Caton and California Meeting.en
ine 13th ult. We would be glad to print it at length
in the columns of thn Reporter, but the demand
i ron our space compels us to rest content with
giving some extracts from h. Mr. Read is an a bl e
lawyer, posAer•sing a discriminating mind .and
much research. and his opinions are entitled to a
cortstderati. - n. Re opens his speech by de •
tha• Pennsylvania is in favor of preserving
the ei rezrity and prosperity of our glaciates and
balipv Union, and says: •
....h thi- very city, within sight of this Hall o the
jyrlaration of Independence was written and
me d, which gave us a station among the inde
„.,kw nations of the .earth.
I,l`lre a man in Pennsylvania who will dare to
g; `.at he is oppose 4 to the admissioe of Cali•
"1:h freedom inscribed on her banner!. Ti
rr ;:r orle. let hire call a meeting opposed to its
* . r ••• , 10-1! We will print his placard., distribute
i‘[...-ca.kr., put:ll-nit his advertisements, and take
Square for his exclusive accomrnn
will even send to South Carolina to se
a ..e,••, , ider to his resolutions.-
,ornyliays of the Revolutions with her
: rescued from the hands of an embitter.
P, ylvania passed her noblest act of do-
.. -nr•iort. •-The art for the gradual aboli
..• • -11 , e From this text. Pennsylvan ia
.1- 1 , • dovia•ed. Slavery is finally evtip....mil-h•
1 ,-, 7ders, arid her citizens are now
'l"e glorroc: hardest of free principles,
HIE
s :ht` alltP4Qrs f•t• V enty years ago.
~., p,• ! , ; .<y I . T ia passed her celebrated
7f . -..ltVions againg.t the admission of
(;Minn. without a prnstiettire
r • -:aver;' The vote tritA tinalli Mintz! ;
v q IP , :larl. It ma...the solemn <feel
penyie a cnverei2n Stale.
• p:•-ce,ieti by are meetiozs of the
, e „: oLparty, to cal tons par
- 4 ,•• C, Tmmy:re:Oh
211 Nnveniher. 1819. "rich a meeting
P.w.,,tetp..i3. Jared In?erso11. a frain,
.-e c wa4 the Chairman. and R.
• Rl,-•-•1 Ott C cra , arV. and e a-aot addreeeed
`..r NI- B•-• , ..v - . ',! , <t Ott CetniMittee of ennleop ne ,
the name% of Thema,. Leiper,
.e E.ch.vd Vanv, and the then Dern•
rr-,cr Mit `." 01 *he city. Jame. N Ekuker; 'and
c. , rnmlq.ees in the distriria. Ore to be
4 -:- rames or t 11034. Derinneralle referring.
ov; flan. Joshua Raybold. and Jbetrant
OM
czrn" ,lay. a similar meetir2 %rye held at
nry• wnmh 11M. Walker Franklin pre
• , c ,, mlnittee..int which 111 r Buchanan
11-14 me-711w. reported the strongest re-olotiona •
e.per. t"1-,,Ilrer.otl to preventing "the existence of
Sare-1 - 11 a , v of the Territories or Stales waich
eel by Conger's," which were tinani
tio.-.4
01 ..)-- - 27 , h of the same month a similar meet
-1,..1; a! West Cheater, at which General
- B t n tral acted as Secretary.
t - v.e and reanforions of the ;he 2241 of
NY*. 1 11 19 were offered by the for.. W. J
la-, t n•-,rincT ic member' from the city of
1, an 1 .4 ere seconded r-v another, Mr.
Ft the Legislative. we find afTlatlZ.l its
to ninver, nftens - Ania Secretary of th e
1 .• present 1 , 1.14-.4 Conker and Ro.rer.,
•••yr Cmirt. the 14 - rt. Wm Wilkins.
I o f District Court of the United
Western tlie Pennavlvania
• 11r the Vice Priti.tency in 1532. United
",•••••'-! 7dinister to flu=-it. and Secretary
, v 0-1 'he Hon. Daniel Smb2erin became a
" 1 `.•• ) t •he Stale Senate. then State f reasurer.
1-11 1 , twice elected to this Senate of the
S
=I
&nen! ilrmarti became Secret:lry of the
and a I .3enator, whil-t Mr. Bnehanari
'/ 4 Conzress In the fall of 18 1 20. and
10' ~ . .re ten years. was sent to Russia bx
Jrrts.-‘ , • and in fBl5 became a Senator, u-Int h
‘".' 1 for ten years , mitt, appointed Seem
`.v by the late .President. Mr. Potk
7. "-. were the rewards which Pron.ylrania
I:, , na the exponents of her feeling and
;"-x . .p:es relation to, the further extension of
t.„lr••v
9 Stron: . revolutions were passed in
nt prohibilitt.z -laverrin the -erritnties to be
t-.:.red f r om Mexico. ;Titer were offered by a
......rtincratie member from a Demorratin county and
both bodies with but three iti•;senttent rot
'A. and were known In hare received the cordial
t??roval of Governor Munk. •
A r T the Baltimore Convection in May. IRO. the
tTalitnent candidate; for the Presidenri were de.
v-si• S.4coneiliating the time of the South.. f . ~This
?-do.• the rejection or one soveren Stsue..with
Fry electoral rotes, and the representation or:
velf-appoiritei delegates. The result
7 . 1 s ea.v lo he foreseen, but it was rendered in
by The adoption of an old resolution. upon
rt'i 'to. South placed a construction not iratraiit
ards as applied to the period a hen it
Drt-n
SoD•hem constrisetirm was, that the wins
"v . P.tan recommended, applied to Territories,
nrint) cootenileilthatit wasennfined
s , ates •-irtakonstaerpsticis was that neith
tr.tc pleased : and whilst New Vint and
sal w heelval Are of the Democratic ranks
S•Doe. eiher follo : red their example.
•heir majorities so low as to be equal
is I
r" t. t , crag tcererely Ph in the Coneen
r-,-nioatea Governor in Attetiat. The
Platfrom maid MX be adorned—
:44l g 4.• .aapassible. To reject it, was to bin*.
- •he candi.lwe the ill wishes of a South-'
tratinn The Contention, therefore., 1
•• , 4?.. and the consequence was the defeat '
',l:, Fal. who was believed to be against
•e e‘ "-•-, •*, of slavery, and the overwhelmine.
D:
•Democratic party at the Presidential
ICE!
lz ofve fart cOnclusirely, that the Demo.
itary of 'ls Slate. cannot emceed when
•*eeretly azusvell asain.t any spin
etterworen vrith the educate:wand
f`l . Its C le . M 4 . When therehme, the De.
" • r''-Irero t n i met ,at Pinalborn, on the
11 -"ram... erilent that 'Annie reAnintine
•motet 011101e./re 01 the Pelee of the
nf ihe %ate, ineapeetire of the Viers
e Sy th e i r bee ak mg in the Mare Gates.
eel embattle:l ie oar exit "6 . 44 the
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feller of ow candidate : and epee its VitaelanAlle
riots and - overebelating eictoey. f '
=UPon this question, therefore, there - Sae itenci
doubt that the Inintocnicy of Pennsylva are
against the extension of elavery to the freeterri
ries acquired from Mexico.
Whenever the Whig and Democratic parties, at
their regular Conventions, pass exactly solitaires-.
Watkins upon any given subject, it is a 'oregano
conclusion that they are but an expression of the
will of yokonly true sovereigns% a free &public,
the pecipti.
Raving thus briefly reviewed the coons er
Pennsylvania upon the question of slavery, it may
be' profitable to enquire whether* has not been
entirely consistent with, the 'Constitution, and - the
uniform consintitirei placed Upon it by the Legisla
tive, executive and judicial depannientsof the Go.
vernment. • -
Four years ago no • one weeid have asked se
plain a question. bar Constitutional heresies have
been broached ainee that period, which neither the
framers of the Conatitittion nor our wisest stales.
men ever dreamed of, until the politicians of the
South found that their ascendency in the Senate
must be swept away bytheovererhelntingincrease
olihe free whiteepopttlinfon of the temitry.
Territorial governments were establiiheil4e
Congress of the Confederatimi, end - by-the
under the present Constitution. They have existed
and flourished for upward of Bitty ?emit, itbdTrom
them hare proceeded thirteen of the present States.
They are now discoverecrat this late day to be an
constitutional, and unwarranted either by-the mini
cies of confederation or by the Constitution of the
Milted States. The framers of the Constitution did
not understand that instrument. Washinnion, Jef
ferson, Madison, Monroe, Jackson and Polk did
not understand it •, but its true meaning has been
discovered by individuals who have lived and pros
pered order institutions which they now proclaim
to have been unwarranted by the paiambunt law
of the land. Let us trace this question
catty.
The wordy territory and territories as used in the
oriJinal charters, of the various colonies, in the
public docun.ents preceding and succeeding the ar
hetes of confederation in theicessiona from the
various states. and in the contemporaneous legisla
tion of the out Congress, included soil, land and
water jurisdiction, domain and sovereignty. The
same meaning has been attached to them in our
treaties with foreign powers, in our act* of Con
gress. and even in the celebrated resolution for
the conditional admission of Texas, and in some
case. they .have been Used to designate the whole
of the Unite.l Stales, whether States or, Territories.
The oncitinl-titie to a new country is foondtd on
the right of discovery, and it confers upon the na
tion dtscovering it, the sovereignty and jurisdiction,
with the right of pre-empt:nu of the soil from its
aboriginal inhabitants This right belongs to it in
its sovereimi, capacity, which eitables it .to
the Indian title and lo perfect dominion
over the soil and dispose of it according to 'worm
gore) pleasure. . .
In the new ten innies therefore of Xmericit, dis
covery and the purchase of the Indian Title vested
in the government, the soil, jurisilicuoivand sorer
eian,y of,the ceuntry, and of course of its intrab-
Mit4s.
Mr. Rea then _recapitulates the terms of the
charter of rirgihia in 1609, the second charter of
Carolina in '1677, the Georgia charter of 1732, the
9th of c rltte-articles of confederation, and Deuterons
acts anti resolutionizdeatanstrate the Fashion as
aimed by lgaitthal.
'- The word Territor its largest sense includes
lands, soil, jurisdiction and.sovereignty, and as the
power to sell include:4ns lesser power to mon
guge, so the power to dispose of territory, suPPt's
any, it used in its most extended meaning. includes
the power to sell the public Lands fkgreeably to the
p-esent system, which commenced before the
adoption.
So Vie wools'
. rules and regulations,' in the lan
irw,e of that day. inclu.ied ail ordinary acts of
.41-crilltion, as well as the -framing of temporary
Cscremments for the people of the territories-a.
How much has been done for the prosperity and
happeness of nue beloved ccmiltry. under the sim
ple " I,I A. Com:rest' , shall have power to regulate
commerce Kith foreign nation!". and Amore,' the
the !Leveed! States. and With In lean tribes '
Mo. power to make needful rules and rezoLa
lions WAS in be carried into elevation by Con
zress agreeably the first article of 'he Coast:
tut ton
We aczonlinzly find that the ordinance of 1787
is confirmed and - extended by the, art of the 7th
Atr,nist, 1789 and that in her cession of the 25th
February, 1790, of what is now the State of Ten
liessee, North Carolina provided that it should be
subject to- the -ordinance of 1787, except the sixth
article, and ,that tongues, shohlit at the same time
assume the - government of the said ceded territory,
and execute it, in a manner similar to that which
they suppport_ in the territory west of the Ohio,
and a like pruvutimin is to be found in the cession
br Gencrs..x in 1802. and in the year 1800, Connect
sun released to the Unitett States the jurisdiction:l
claim of that State to the Western Reserve of Con
neroent
From this reinstitution:if potter of Congress have
ari.eit fifteen temtairial inearnnerems. *Web have
all terminated in State ginemments bcn t*o the
lon Mid Mlneiwito. t‘re have solemn /feria' ions of
;me Supreme Court of the United States recogniz
ing th% potter in 1818, 1819, 1821 and 1810. of
the Simi - eine Coon of bli-simtippi in 1818; of Hie
yowl in 1824. of Louisiana. in 1830, and of Ken
lucky m 1820, the bur fast decisions affirming the
eonttitntionality of the sixth &Idris of the onri.,
. -
=nee of 1787. -
This question seas sektonly derided an fee,
by three-foonhs of the votes of bn'b Homes of
Carve= and the Intantronos saneticat of Mr. Mon
roe and all hi. Cabinet_ and this derision lints re.
peate.4 and ratified in the Oregon Terrinsrial
peAsed by Ccemress and signed by President Pelt,
with the unanimous approval or all his cabinet
At the'same time the position taken by Pennsjlva•
ids in 1919, ants affirmed by the resolution lot the
conditional admiwion of Texas. by which a pros
peettve State to be created out of it could only be
adinitted with a perpetual prohibition of slarity.
a prnri-inn deliberately sanctioned and approred
by Pre-ideal Tyler. Mr. Calhoun and the rev 4
the Cabinet, and also by President Polk, Mr 80.
chanan and the o . fier members of his Cabinet.
ft is therefor. too !ate to the day to di to a
coninrortion of the constitution Kinn whia
ponds by far t e Isvlst portion of the present Ent•
pine of the If S. of America.
The annexation of Texas, a slate State, milts ,
eJ a war with Mexico, a free Stale; and . first oy
congnest and then by purchase anilrbs treaty: we
acquired from her the free Territories' of New
Mexico and California. This is estaNished by the
decree of mmidehs Menem of the t5:11 Decesn-
bpr, 129, and by the acs of the Meziraus Can.
of she sth of IVO. as pabbstied by
Sir Buchanan when Seco-may of State. anti:also
by the Cotistinnicto of the Maxim Repabhe of
the year 1853, by which itis deduct', " no ostir
a Aare in the Territory of the Nation, and any.se
tro.teced shag he corpittemi free, mad shed.be
der the protection of the laws."
•By the Law of Xenon, dyne %nitwits sh
.n hi
i' ~ .._ . = - - i•-; _- • --- - --
._._ ~ . .• •
. -
..._,
1111114 My Roy =MAY... AT ' TOWANDA 'BRADFORD-COM 1 -1 A Br F.:- eItuOQODRICIL' • -.-
mi5amm..........
gutted remain free untii - thibrir iftianga i thri
competent power asitirtthreamo by Capital.- -
'This plain position has, howrier, Mters.ilies-10
what may be gilled the South Carolina hem%
which acknowlidges the power of Congress over
the territories, but denies it upon the Maisel` of
slavery, tied which assumes the ground: lbw all
..tenvitory belonging to the United States is this
territory by the Ctinstinition..
The effect of all this would he , that if we bad
conquered all Mexico , it would initially bee be.
come slave territory, and the same - nile would be
wiled to the peaceable oc fonilde acquisition of
Chi British Provinces.
The armies of the united Staten, according to
ttihrtherwy,-snarch lett free Simi with slavery in
n:Abed on their banners — wod. 'they hold net to the
conquered; ute inerftable ' introduction of the crimes
and cruelties of slavery as ,the glorious fruits of
coustest. -There is nothing.us the &termini:ion of
the United States to warrant so preposterous an
idea. Lis remaining compromises are but three,
they embrace the .apportionment •of 'Repre
sentatives and direct taxes among the States, se
cording to the federal numbs's, the requisition that
capitation and other direct taxes shall be laid in
proportion to the . census, and the clause which
proiides that Ragtime. bout labor in one State,
escaping into another State, shall be delivered up.
The most refined ingenuity can extinct nothing
from these propositions to favor a hems, di brio ,
neon, which would render slaiery and its eaten.
sion the sole object of the Constitution.
This Piqsborg resquutin oti this-branch of the
question is most accurate and expresses thereal con
dition of slavery and. slavis.property in the Union.
The slate of slaveviiedeeined to be a mere muni
cipal relation founded upon aid limited to the
ranee of the State laws, •
The true answer however, ie to be found in the
Constitution. The territories belong to the U. 8.
in its sovereign 'capacity, and the Constitution has
devolved the power of .goireming and legislating
for them upon Congress exclusively, and no State,
nor any of its citizens, under any pretence, can
control or nullity their action. These are the
plain wrrd, of the supreme law of the land, and the
repeated and undisputed exercise of this power in
relation to slavery has added precedent to prin
ciples.
I One word about an obsolete idea—the Missouri
I compromise In 1811, in secret sarion, Congress
&seminal the Floridan should never pass from
Spain into the hands of any power but the United
States In the treaty 011819 they were ceded to
tot, we.ceded Texas to Spain, and at that moment
OW title to the Oregon Territory u-as as Complete as
it was upon the inauguration of President Polk.
The Missouri compromise, therefore, was the
addition of Mulsourt, and the wore admission of
two stare States. Florida and Arkansas on tho one
side, and the admission of Maine, and the surren
der of ill the remaining Territory of the United
States to freedom in the other.
The annexation of Texas added upwards of three
bandied thousand square Miles of Stave Territory,
whilst the Oregon Treaty negotiated by a southern
administration sonendered fire degrees and forty
minutes of Latitude ol oar free Territory to Great
Britain; as a.compensation for Texas,
and the loss
of nearly four hundred miles of the Pacific coast,
we ore clearly entitled to the whole of New Mexi
co and California, as free territory, and which came
to us as such.
Besides the running of the line of 36 30 to the
Pacia• would dismember California. and make all
future acquisitions from Mexico with Free .Soil—
slave Territory, an absurdity too great to be even
stated in a tree state.
The power of Congress over the territories, and
cr.er the admission of new States, provides for +the
very rase of California, which Congress dart Limn
into the Union, if they deetn•ii_jnot and expedient
It is woe that the ottier new States of the WWI,
except Texas, have been preceded by l ienitorial
forint% of government, which emanated, directly or
indirectl:, from the Ordinance of 1787 ; but it. is
dear, as in the present instance, that Congress may
not chocr.e the territory to go throagh any of the
grades of territorial government,. bat that it shall
assume at once the fast and perfect form, that of a
State. Such was the ease of TeXitP, utiquestkina.
lily. This may be done try a previous Act of Coo
cress pointing oot the mode in which theStato shall
be organized. or it may be done by an Act ratifying
what the people of the new State have already ac -
I I "
rem plashed. as in erase of Tenneeitre and Mint I.
gall, a slave and a State admitted into • Union
under the two g ' administrations of Washuig
ton and Jackson.
• The case of Tennessee is most appropriate. The
territorial lislature, the creature of COnc.ress, look
a census =tiled a convention, which framed a con.
stitntion tinder which a state legiLshiteri was °Tan
ired. which elected two Senators, whilst the peo
ple elected one Representative, and they then ask •
e T i for admitsion into the Union. Convent unhesi
tatingly, passed an act for her immediate admission
into the Union on the; Ist June, 1796
Forty ;years aTlerwards, BlicSivift adopted the
tame course. and upon the inteedent of Tennesuee
mss admitted into the Union, with Arkansas, which
bad also framed a State coostitation without the
sanction of any previous Act of Congress.
The exercise of the mower of Congress over the
territories has been of the most plenary kind. In
the dhariet of Louisiana it devolved the govern"-
Merit open the Governor snaillike* of the Indiana
territory. ft was au:tarots called the Territory of
Lonsiana. and a Governor and Judges Were ap
pointed by the President, by and with the 'dries
and orinsent of the Senate. The ewe ttotitre power.
was vested in the Governor, the judicial Seethe
„Judges, and the whole legialatitveysiwer niche ter
ritory in the two combined. thus giving to bar offs.
&nerd the rev, merit gave:einem t r power of 141.
toting for alit, inhabitants.
Diem cap be tierieebt, theleGeey that Celli:trek
can be coartitotionally eihnitted into the Unitq as
a Site,. with her present cconeintuon and bounds•
13Z3
Congress vehrsed to give California a tewiterid
form of government, but its members -distinctly
hinted that its people should barns a State govern
rnent a policy which was dew ly favored by both
the present and the Late adminishations.
With an almost tuvtarer-ed desert bereren her
oncithe Ada!** .StaLts, with a population inereas.
in -in number* beyond all human calf-ulation, and
with the riche4 mores of the mrst , valnable metal,
matted by the tree !Ancor onr most intellmeat mid
Panic eniienA and Irish a lonian . anti domaidie
eomeleme anparalleledin the annals of the United
Stamm, a State government berame a . State oerevel
ty The erisis admitted of no delay-1 earrention
n-#.ealled--aeonoitntion formed, a model ; for all
itanne State*. and altnsen anattinuanly adopted. A
Stale Legislature and meratets of Coin, aud
Semler* have . been elected, ettkiet it, and thi. great
and Ontinci4 fret! SMTO 01 de , Pacific is now knOcii.
en: at the 100- of the Senate hotee adesieima
into the Union as an kat pendent member of the
confrdeibey
Sated polity dimes her lamellate and amace•
&weal admispiau. Walt lath a Sete ao.thattate
Thiele emus we MOM! TiO array at lento pre
*erre her ham fforeignlunation at iiiarre
tier ei.ia , ns. itna seat inatad paten heir
ftaltairthe serial the 'pot t• eliirmin in
therwatitL •
ECM
b is itrrard MOdiesi to give lier
0 1 1 E110111 AZT -
' — wset,.." duo
11 - 4 lire, :Mate anthOrities the
latisiabie power cif a iinieoffigateliakion7
ii i frisk the 'mita' voice of the peripk,
of Pinasylvama i wham:/ gorillas the &ato
brain shoaki be Intagediateit And guroooditiosally
admitted With her renal connitntion andbnit&-
ties into iing Union.
- I base no - Wish to bandying& with arArbednim .
of the South on this question, m on that of. the. es
tension of slavery to the fuokterritogies of the Uni
ted times. They sie separate and distinct min
noire, eintshoula be isparaielY ditei irithlif 'Com
T. prossing-goostioo ilia* admission of Cali
kenia, whack should be tkecussed and ifta,il uP7n
alone, ouclogged with any miler mea s ure or con
ddirations, and The friens of the Union- will act
grimly and prudently in pressing it in this separate
and distinct form. • .
i have no fear that ittadju whin wit weaken or
dissolve the UniOn. the &rialto politicians - ban
been too much committed in favor of this policy
by 'heir open ond repeated-declarations to ridrany
thing . upon so absurd an hone.
It ss tom they wish to presence their ascendency
in the Senate, which is a part of the Executive as
well as of the legislative branch of the govenimenc
and whickhasenabled them 'pectoral the
of-the Executive action, but their murmurs *i
hushed into silence the moment coven
an act for the unconditional admission of Wilke
-3
nia.
The preservation of the teniaining free territory
acquired iron] „Mexico as free tenting, will never
dissolve the Union. No Nashville Convention, if
it ever dares to meet, can effect this object, and I
would willingly trust the moral traitors who preach
disunion to the patriotism of our brethren, the peo.
pie of the South, who will never permit a few am
bit ous men to sever our glorious
Upon this question the free States are clearly in
the right. They simply Inflow and carry out the
principles of the constitution, and the directirns
and practice of Washington, Jefierson, Madison,
Monroe, Jackson, and Polk. (Here there was
great manifestation of feeling at the mentioning of
Mr: Polk's name.)
The North and the South are essential to each
other. We are the same people with the simelin
terests, and by the American invention of the elec
tric telegraph brought within a few hours of each
other.
would never, therefore, say to oar brethren of
the South, you are week beCtuase of the pees& ".
solution which -on capitalist' consider so - tial
to your happines But it is our duly to ,y to the
partisan politicians • • o are ahem. gto create
capital for themselves, • er can unite the
Southern people -in a conspiracy to dissolve the
Union. •
The South has no ships, no nary, no sailors, and
it curtain!) , wants no standing army to spend its
treasurers. and to clothe its officers with despotic
power. Delaware, Maryland, Western Virginia,
Kentucky. and the atole mountain: range of coun
try which divides thelAtlantie States from those on
the Mississippi and even Missouri, are either vir
tually free, or sow] will become so; and is it' pos
sible to suppose that a few fanatical politicians can
unite these discordant elements io favor of a mea.
%tire which, if carried out, would destroy the value
of all slave property in the slave Stales.
The psnapect.s of Louisiana depend upon the
onion. Florida cannot exist withoot it, and Teo
nessee, the burial plans of the hero of New Orleans,
has relused to welcome the pilgrims of the one
idea.
The South cannot after the coarse of nature
The black rare is not increased by eniration, and
the exigence of the peculiar institution prevents
the index of white etnigtants into the sla‘e States.
The free State* of the North and West must, there.
,fore, always outstrip them in the race oLpopola
tion.
But free labor requires tree soil. The stave is
the peasant or laborer of the South, is the deckua
tiiiti of its champions, and they hare compared him
to the free ciii?en of the kee States, who can en hi
vatte the WW I , build homes, dig his own cold, sail
his own ships, educate his own children, and pro
tect the soil by his own right arm from invasion.
1 will not answer so unworthy en attempt to de- .
grade my R.floNe-eitizensio the feeef of a slave
whom they will neither reach to read or write ; nor
'Mow to read the Bible, sad with whom the con
nection of the sexes is but concubiliage, and who
can be sold at public auction, like our brute beasts,
to the h4hest bidder.
. .
• A free &ate on the Pacific can defend itself,
oriels: a stave State would require the army and
navy of the tutted States to protect it from denies.
tic insurrection, or foreign invasion.
In Pennsylvania we have a peculiar interest in
the success of Caliken's, for Ottr Centrid ffailrood is
the firm link hi the chain which is - to bind us to
Saint Louis and San Francisco. This lick unites
the metropolis of western with that of eastern Penn
sylvania, nemberin; between them more than half
a million of free inbahitatts.
. .
Congress has the power of erctrisive !violation
over the d strict of Columbia, and can ala.
yery and the stare trade in it at any moment. It
is a i:lsgrace to the capital of a free Republic Ito
have in it slave markets,. when lie sidtan of TM.
key -has prohibited them in Constantin
beinnsedan city. Bat if inhabitant o '
er dir.
trict are nnwillinig lobate the benefits of 'freedom
mauled to them, I would as force theta j bat
wont] retrocede the remaining pan of the District
to Maryland, and remove the seat of government
to Musborg. a city of brown right hand, situated
at the heed Ot the Ottio, in the vicinity-of (belches
and upon the "direct route to the Great Western
Oceans and occupying a central position which
wosidi minder it a - fit eapitol, when the British -ho
w and Mexico, by peaceful annexation. be
come intimralparts of the United Slates of Korth
A meriaa.
We would be gisd in see this speech in &eland*
el every Denumrst in,the State, as we believe its
eiscrdatio . will do good. We know that the
atom Miele, and Mr. &chanties or n, the Peen.
ighxmista, have mailed its author, but they have
.not attempted to controvert his arguments. I They
may as well cease their attacks opoo him , as, they
" hitt alle."
Tim Narertats Coprzerfox.—The Pottaateeth
Va , Whig says that a tall eal d made, an the fhb
ions, kti the people of Sense/nand to meet for the
pevae oteleeCov delegates to the Nale Con.
Tel tioo. When the boor arrired lot die meeting
to mosenible, not a single person attended !
Front the present iridirstions says the Philadel
phia Ledger, the Nashville Convention be - he
&ale ever wimetoed is this roars.
Try. Ir gross moreVentearpolile every day, and
piands ift great &seer of dyin even belite it i*
born. Incise- who catinated - it begin to grew
iiikaraird tithe* key, attesosidgfaillyereelsoat
ifthey,eciaid.bide the tenternisimiee of it aril!
thetr l!bosaistsinisit.--* 4 1 1 C. 4 Pleal , -PRO
l!ipt, the aalt*-11,1barliai!= to aU palpakis tctlt
&Seiko 3 by the people.
li4CdsUnie<lF , ilk
" 01 547 1 * 1 / 1: 10 1 7.ag Micaff,s,
'Of let. ittalumberlweak
Arosse.its stases ainatliake.
To : sea bow sow
Life. with its glories glides away.
Aid the stem footstep et decay
Cease mean'. ea.
ow plialitie.laii - the passing wiled
Mowr by. and limit s us wOrOt Wald
- ,11.1 OW in t I •
Bow still oar mans M *
aple,
Seems to the wayward *fancy. less
]bale what is past.
• • •
;
Our lives like bastioistreams tabste„ ,
That him one eagulfltig sea
Are dootaed to fall;
The sea dike*. wheat tram roll oar. -
O'er bias old kingdom'. crown lead tbrtiite,
And swallow an.
Alike the river's ladle We.
Alike ,the bitable. fillets glide
To the sad wavtrf
Death levels poverty and prkle.
And rich eadrpoor sleet aide hyoids
Within the grave.
Our birth is hot die starting-pleet.
Life is the running -of the nee. •
And death the goal;
There all our steps at last are brought.
That pad' alone of, uH unsought.
Le band of la
Where Is the Strength that mocked deny, .
The step that rose os light and' sy.
The herirfo blithe tope,
The strength is gone. the asap is *kiw i
And jo y grows weariness sad woo
When age comes on.
slay, then, how poor and pule wont
Are all those glittering toys of earth;
That lore us here;
Dreams of a Om that death must break,
Mail Were it bids as wake
Ye disappear.
-Daniel Websl4er, Is 1348 $ ISSO:
the recent speech of Mr. Webster, arlticAt
so much landed by those who were wont to de
nounx him, the New York Tribune publishes the
following, under the bead of " Antiquriaa
Die
coveties."
" My opposition to the increase of slavery in
this coon:ry, °tin the increase of Mary represen
tation in Congress,• is general and universal. It
has no reference to the lines of 'latitude or points
of the compass. I shall oppose all inch eaten
increase, in all places, at all time, under all en
cumstances, even against all utcluts, against
all combination, ;punt all compnimise."...Daniel
Welister, '4B.
The late speech of Mr. Webster meets with lit
tle favor from his constimen:i, if we to to jollgir
by recent demonstrations against it. Observe bow
one of the Speakers at the remit Had
pitches into him: •
Alr. President, and Paso Citizens :—Thee Mead
who preceded roe spoke of - the very remit:kat&
critic in which we were met in faneoil flail to
night. I can liken it to nothing but to the suppo
sition! that Samtill Adarns, to revolutionary times,
had gone over to the British, or John Hancock had
ratted. The men who came up to this Bell' in
EMI with each newt in what temper would they
have filled ill
There has been bat one each event as that we
nut consider within our . day. I will not allude to
those my Iriend has mentioned in the time of
Charles Ist or of onr own Revolution. But we
know there was a time when the fee of Rungary
rested with one man; and who does no remem
ber the nuliguation that swept over Europe when
it was knowo that Georgey bad teenbreght by
Rfrwian gold. - Liberty stands now in these pooh
vier ewes es it stoat then in Hungary; 'and the
news butorne to mammoth; Dictator, in *hem
Massacbasens had trusted so forly, in whout she
garnered op all her confidence, has been bougiti
with the gold of our Enfant Mark, also, 'hal
Geortey when he surrendered Hugo n siren.
dared nothing bet the peliiical rights of the men
he was bteraying. OM statesman, borer tar, is
dialing with those perunal rights., the violation of
any one of stitch outweighs that of all civil Fir
deges.
We are met to monk in suck a crisis es tithlAL-
For after 111, nether we are able to nnswer the
argument of Daniel Webster or not, Whether Mai:
=chosen' can pick to
_pieces tied logic. or not,
whether we can unravel its ikophilsry to her Inhab.
itants or not, the conviction of every man's heist
a, that Daniel Webster is false, no metier hew
itn-promable his logic he or seem. (Hear, hear.)
We may be unable to unravel 'the web of that
sophistry. He is a great roan doubtless, mad can
easily make the WOlllO appear thebenetteasen."
Arial it may to, so deep and profound -is the raw
Weems of the Cusencernoohie him, that it may
be impuolle is keep her hoes the coecinakuo Os
whirl* that argument hook But let es unit aii
Chathain stood, when somesephisier tried to metre
to bun that the cause of Hampden and Cromwell
was to be sespectei, was unenniitutionat and
lilac after all, Charges . and Clarendon wets
the hoe friends ofErtersh liberty:sad he retorted.
" Goat it silk ate man shall persuade sae that it
was net the came of fiberty on the one band, and
tyranny on the other. (Prialoaged apple:roe.)
Let it be so with net now. t rare not whether
1 twat able osmium that speeeir . er not. par
The
ties were met; they stood ranged 'and mandi i Yad
I face to face on the floor raj the United States Sen
ate; and as that speech is spoken. ttre faces of the
friends of freedom are blanched, ;nu joy bsithiens
the erect of Gamest. I cafe not for the tegument.
(Sensation-) Re gave aid endernifiut to the one.
my, and that is treason. [Reiterated anilause.)
`fit this is a speech that is retort all thte not
only in i t s spirit, but its argument also_, ]
It women , iaelf The tettoning eat* the ?art. h.
is hke illtarrhansen's lion. that denoted thehome
so quick as to find bin:tuff in the travel dragging
the chaiiot. (Shome of maboriamo
The Renard d Courant gives utterance to the tree
New England spirit, as follows :
4, Ma [id's Ssrecw.—lt is net seeprisin
that to the conflict or opinion at Wartincon a
number of expedients should be 0t...-nsrted for the
settlement of the great question of the day--the
extension of siavery-stan than an. ishandomnerst
oldie Free Sod principles which the Whiz party
at the North hare boldly avowed and orietly ad
hered tn. should be nwommeitibai by Mr. Vidqoar,
to to us truly PG -Wehaveseed the moor
of bs.geeseh with amossialtmost and gram ; • Hie . • •
emend is net that ot. the Intim of Gat= tw•EUrress.— r t remade iii who tTa-iiks
11''ey rennet hint Wbeti he dem lirehlchoni,Ate stiti*e?, :ideate
Prllmillies they hold dews ond ileiaikiit Ste ditto* i
reiree.*4 n Oath= Waite*. ati
p?ily alutiasedmmalienniPmeloir‘ - - - - •
40m( tat~saR gloglrant,et &soft - lON*
Ittirinittl&kez;•l-r?Tj-efaifiitta4l.l.: ihaskatklilitiratifirchieherthiee
artfaireasirititle4o ""'
=SI
ME
=EI
SIMITCrSII Seace.—The vpv.ech of Ur- Eterdoe,
reoel- rely delivered in the Senate, presents very
iftwo r eleey the ine claims of California to
be W. LI hermit, el thate heizag emoteeled,
'2rkt satipet that may claim' the anent* of
eiiber in rola:ion to the otganizatket of . •
• nt the rinietirl_ orggitition on the
whim of steve.y flis of gamer( ire is ani *la
ment, eonehrvive - and ntsinsvrerabk as s ifiret
thatt eadiactiee to Califoinia, 'sett exyaraiersee irm
rteathars: peva that the comae edvarioallry hie's
is mho the best *it matter of
Js 4 '
"4r, 2/
:A l 3-0
A
• .4 -1 7....;;:etk*:74 ...
4 ...-
"~~. •i .
T:
=II
WI
The Washigvas.:4-ini due - Boston
"-A. 4.4
•+t ember El MN e nt l e l i:Wh i l
'member ef. -Cowen ce_pocnte with jai
due 'l4oprieti- Of retablishing t - enittnial gam.
'meets in New Within( the* 4 .
,14%
mot." And itis freely said, dui_ bloyge.Mll2
. „ . „0
thx(lt,ir ow worth while to 44 mewl Adisk
baiordaisied?„ uroulk.hate`beetf
gttmeat agaiost the original: pt9ume of the ordt- -
Danes of 17tAltierft, ' of
tholigihEte,t44 . *doutilypi • t for Now
wiai_*/* l 4loloeig.
We feel int onerous twiner this aserningOnd
efiftianaersir craw ceightior of* NonhPatmet
Tidal I nillfer, fa: which bit
mese. The Mae lien's thicket!, a" pritoo
is Delaware, s stare hokling Altai thus gives: hie
opiakis of dongh-fieeces W. ean**:#lllo - 4,
compiinsintary to our neighbor, ten it'll* ha that
it truly reflects his image
, .
Taaftbass'ettskrre.;—(Yoserve all those *ha
advocate OWL "ostittition. of the principles of this
imttiortal'Lkic offindependenee to die slave
power. Who' ars they? What are thell Are
they republicans! Wsgo against meddling with
slavery in dm mates where it uow exists, bat we
say no more extension oT stave 7, no admission of
any more slave etatewin the Untoc, no shivery in .
the District of Columbia--either remove ; slavery ,
remove the-lea sitShiremmenl- - can, en
. into the feelings of Alai e holders who -Alms
been reireirilli their slam, who treat thinkly and never think orwronging them. lief - Oh
northern dotigh face is the meanesttreVaill
imagine. A few ot.*eve °tight mehange places
with some slaves for a few years and taste the
sweets of slavery end feel the slave drivels whip,
Eat save even them from having their wires
tittle once sold and paned from them forever. '
PatnaWiese will im:-himimier 4
An able writer in the Sew York Independent
dins closes an article on the position of .Idessni.
Clay, Webster, and other so called leaders:
We have in our view some prominent states
men who have fully exemplified the scorde of
Christ Re drat trills= Lit lee shall fuse . ..a. They
have given up every • thing fir ambitiOn. to he
the President of the United States has made them
silent when they should have spoken, and made
theft speak when they should have been silent -N.
It h made them fearful of their better imputseir.
Every - thing has been sindied,---ealculated,—mea
sured. They have ° been statesmen of. their elm
advancement. They hate been, selfish. Truly
they have their rervird. Is there no one who all!
make proof of that other sentence-8e that nen*
ins We stall sate it ?
Many men weary of aghatior, longing for - peace,
would be glad to see the slavery question sealed in
some way, even if that were not exactly the, right
way. So much stronger are the selfish instinetarif
a community than ra benevolent sentiments, that it
is bard to hold it up to aline: ' persevering , demand
for riht simply us right_ .Th ey are soon sensible
of less excitement, or less interest, of wavering
moral sensibility, and stherrr . peradventure, of an
impatience of consideration 'arid aZtation. In this
mood their- mind is to adds fire thing ;to seek it
the bes: way you can;bin to settle it! Like sick
men made delirons, they are More Italians toqtfiet
pain, thin to get-rid of it by removing &ease.
But no moral question, practical or theoret- •
ic, is finally settled until it is sealed right. It
will not be quiet. It scqms it. It be g ins of the
moment to assert and re-as ert itself. rots sub
sists by power given it from wapiti. It is mead
in itself,.and may be hewed and shaped like stone
or timber, and lie passively wherever the, builder
pats it But light, is not passive, not dead. It
seems violence impatiently. It works and urine
against commotion and seeks to free Lief, It is
a fire inextbmnishable ; which, raked op yet lives,
and pierces through the covering and seeks liberty )
and with every breath of air, bursts oat in flames.
He that huddles op a settlement between right
and wrong rimnimlful of this truth, will find ern
his trisubles mum to him seven fold,-Statine
on the question of Stately now, and it will come
back again. They whocastofi light, east itagaiust
God,.and bewail pre it an ithiwipatect rebound.
Cot.: St: rms.—The Philadelphia Spirit rf rip
Tiers very truly rap, any one who has ever care;
lessly observed the course tattooist towards Col.
Beane; cannot fail to perceive the nor of the re.
marks made hy aeorrespondent of a euluekj pa
per. The fact is roots has never suffered an op
pormoity to escape, without showing the inherent -
4ickedmue and maturity of his heart, by *panty
insulting, without the sksiresi•rrin, &lofted
Beaton ; and all this, too, triPrely hem's. Col.
Benton has 'timed to join the Emetics of lbetilmilb
in their ireatherces monde against fire stabaitt of
ths trnion. rikpaesbol scene in the Sark‘
ate °fay goes . to ainfirm the imminent of this tor
respondent. that orpinieeml and rir4eitud
ie apt, tin the paW of the Southern tiffs Of
theSlsate, to disgrace, •if peassibre, Benfilft.
Mid firiviliim form that betty room it is beficeed i
is the scapegoat used' to make these 'perusal as-
Lelia, and corer the ',bear' rr designs - of &scrm:r
ies: This view of the case is truly ahrrming, and
commends itself to the attention, of the true friend•
of the perpetoil , of on( gtorions Cnimt, and of k r
tree inittitritions. Let the Senate adopt: pieper
means ro crush this conspiracy, and to vinirse
- the gro t ity and honor of so gave abode so
invaded and fondled. by esprtlifigfherekont
men assassir, who disgraces the position thit ins
holds.
MIFF
MM
11111
=
~ .,z,- ' .. ' - -;':''F.7:! 4 •:•,t'' l'i Z. -,t