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,
Mraigovo Mepo-rtev.
Free Soil, Free Speech, Free Men!
IPA!irAgotoil for Pre. Territory.
E. 0. - GOODRtCH, EDITOR.
Towanda, Wciluesday, June 6, 18-19.
Adnertiscirtentx. kr.. intruded fir publication in
the Ileinictre. xltnnld br by Monday night,
to• olv , re their iiisirtion.
Opening of the New York .St Erle.Roll food
to Owego.
The long-boked for extcn.Sion of the'New Yorl:
& Elie Railroad to Owego was consummated on
Friday last, and in conseqUence of the determina
tion of the citizen.; of Ti 0.21 county to make the
occasion a jubilee, we availed outsell of the invi
tation of the Committee of Arrant:Talents to be
there in person, to participate in the festivities and
to be able to communicate to the readers of the
Repenter a full ot..comit of the doitit4s upon that.
memorable occasion. The intiorcst telt in this great
work, by the citizens of Bradfind is second only to
!hay of the inhabitants ;don!: iinine,hate vicinity
It brings.us in almost immediate enutact with the
great commercial ernpmiurn of the country—it
opens new ; certain, :nut puttitahle :markets Inc the
productions of our soil—and when cur own Noah
Branch shall be leaves within!: to be de
sited in the line .ol comintioication with every
mai het.
lIIIIE FROM BINGHAMTON TO rhyrcn
At 9 A. Al., the traie. from Bim , hannon was ,
tinder motion for Owego. containing. the Vi,itors
horn New York city, con-i-tiog of Directors of the
Company, members of the Press, itiV!ted guests,
citizens of the farmer place, kr. Ily- chance we
found ourself in the company of yMe a tinml , er
of the fraternity. Bon. 11.,00K5. of . the E'-
press a talented and well-known gentle tout (u hose
appearance somew-at reminds pin of E. A. Pen
niman of Philadelphia) and who is a member elect
of the 3d Congress. Wm. D. VairassoN.,formeily
" Richelieu" of the Tribune, now publishing" The
People,'' a genuine Irbhinan in most fdvoiable
sense, gewlemanly, and overflowing with an akm•
dance of wit and humor. Mr. Ft .1.1.F.R of the New
York Mirror, the paper cc i h first nominated Gen.
Taylor, (Mr. F. has been some time seeking the
tewar I otchis zeal for Roujli`tv. Iteady, but like
zno,a of ,the •• uirmk•cet,fuli)—Thounis
Ih.vor Ruit.l.l ut bish refugee, and an intimate
timid of tke laniemcd Mitchell, .now conne:nd
111111 .111./bIIISOII ill 1110
ANA, hum the
ribune—and other tepreze.i:ativc,.. of the Piezz of
New Volk.
'rho interest it 11k h the appearrineZ of the " iron
horse for Me tone, along tire beautdol valley
of our " river of the creatcd, e-a.
Ca and imense . . At every point along the i o, n l
were gathered crowds of spectators, who hailed
our adveta with umm-talseal le sign: of j.ry and
enthusiasm.. Ilvery Lon-:ir:1 sc gent torth its 01-
mates to greet the suir.kur:2 room-ter w hid; redeen -
ed them from 'lie thraldom (.1 -pace, and oilched
new•aVewies to wr.uar. . All La cup.mons wer-ede
ri.crted, all l.a..iness fingotte;i—the farmer forgot for
a day the seed brae—the artizatis lard by the ham
mer, the axe, and t:le and all congrega'cri
to aid in swellim the rotes of es u!tations. No
victorious general reinrtring from blood-stained
confhets was ever ;:reeted With more mark. of. en •
than was the green monster which mi.:.
he the (ii-t time disturbed the claret of this valle•
and as it steamed on puffin: , and snorting and Liu.,
at every red new tokens of gratification were
.awaiting as its non lungs gave forth the
shrill warnim: of is approach, the quiet cattle iu
the field% were ter titre(' at then:mowed visitant.
At Union, quire a dernouslraliva was "gait
on the strength of a four pounder, and a crowd, and
stopping ler a moment, xx c received a new acres
t,eun of paFsengers, and went thundering on our
Way to our ilestinatiou which, after a succession ut
like scenes, we reached at about 104 o'clock.
ARRIVAL AT (1w EGO
As we approached Owego, thecongregated
tuude literally appeared to blacken the hills. ' The
inn w •iave warning of our approach, chew,
;tom the ina , s of people who had gathered tow
cl
c•ome the most lively expres,ions of gratitiea-
Lon, as i:s echoes reverberated (tom the surround
the ,hoots of the muhitutle went up to
the we lki n ., while the ladies, more careful of their
de•Sr throats, but nit) lull of j,,y to he silent, waved
tlteir handlserchiefs in uni , .on and the unfeeling
lohimoiive once mole Licacd cut it, shrill note,,
as if in defiance.
The village was thronzed Ccith tie Faurdy farm-
ers Of Tina their wives and daughters, nho ap-
reared folly to realize the benefits to be conferred
upon them bt the iron hant4_Which were stretched
out to welcome their excellent butter and cheese
to a mon• favorable 111.11kl`i, 1111t1 to return them the
neee ,, ar es and many- of the luxuries nt Itli : the
happy swain too was •' on hand " nith his sweet
heart, li:m.zing frilly upon his arm, who both gaz
ed in unalleeted and undi-gmsed a,tonisfnent at
the novel sights. and luxuriated at the diderent
"eider and ging.'rbread" "stands, in unchecked en
joyment. In short. all creation, his wile, and the
greatest part of his children, had availed them
selves of the general invitation circulated over tile
country, under the immense spread eagle.
The lion. Timm 'ts FAtuttNION received the
Tic,i,ltsfit and line.inrs of the the Company, in an
e‘eellent which was te.pomlefl to by Mr.
nn , ' of in smile very felicitous
am' appropriate reintoks.
TIIE PROCV.SsIoN VII) DINNER
Al 122 o'clock, the process,on was tormed under
the direction of Col. N. W. DAVIS, the Marshal . , at
Stehhin's lintel. in the order pres:ribed, and march
ed to the Depot honse. wh.•re tal&A 1 1 3.1 been ar
ranged for the accommodation of the guests. The
dinner which 11.1.1 been provided by Dt:NNis
nt the Tin:z.i County House, was A I atti
Aunt and wit, titqcOxsed by the company xlith great
Ik pparetzt
. zusto, after an appropriate benediction by•
Mr. NV rsos, The tulle wa3 ornamentod
with a locomotive in Fugar , if, inches iu len::!h,
gaily painted, ha% in= for its track, the Allow white
frosting of a large and ta,..teially ornarnenced loaf
cake, which brie the word. in a Fero* , N ew
Volk aad. F..ie Rail Road Co. ; by Deiting,
Ca.itectionert4. of Ithaca.'
THE SPEECHES AND TOAS
liS
We avail ourselves of the politeness of Swim,
of the I& trijuniish .„ enr readers with this part : O f
the proceedh*s, for :while :Ike :We engaged i n
comforting the inner man 41 with th re e
luxuries Dennis
hakytovideil, commenced theilifeastiof reason
and the flow-et soul; i with the following toast by
!he Presideneof the day.
"The President and Directors of the N. Y. and
Erie Rail Road , -..a pombination of-energy and per
severance."
Shepherd Knapp, F.sq, one of the directors, pres
ent, humorously responded and gave:
"The Farmers of Tioga emmtyr"
Which was acknowledged by the President of
the day. William E. Robinson, Esq. tire , " Riche
lieu," of the N Y. Tribune, leas then called on fcir
a speech, but after making a few remarks, called
out in very complimentary terms, the Hon. James
Brooks, editor of the N. Y. Express, and member,
elect, of Congress. Mr. Brooks answered, glow
itigly,-magnifying the great work, and concluded
by playfully saying that • the cry will now be 0-
we-go !
The Hon. E. S. Sweet then made one of his ani
mated speeches. tie said they had been toiling for
17 years, for. the event now celebrated. Mr. Ro
hinson resumed his remarks: and was highly hu
morous and laugh extorting. He paid a deserved
tribute to his List' countrymen—who by their hard
labor had made the hills bow. and the valleys rise
for the Iron horse who now went whistling, through
the Country, " Yankee Doodle." He toasted :
"The Contractors and Laborers on the New York
& Erie Rail Rbad,"
The following toasts were also given, and drank
in cold water:
By G. 0. Chase, editor of the Freeman
" Labor, science and capital—the great civilising
agents of the day. To this triple alliance we are
indebted for the N. V. and Erie Rail Road."
(Ty Clrides If. Lyon
Piermont and Dunkirk. though novincnepnrated
cities—they will soon be linked together by a cor
poration."
By Charles 11. Lyon.
"The freight of the N. Y. and Erie Rail Road—
'boy intim poi well loaded, chile the company have
rn good a Lender."
The company separated at about 3 o'clock : and
once more aboard the cars we started for Bingham
ton, the train now consisting of nine cars, and con
taining a large number of the people of Owego,
and the guests. Atter a pleasant ride of but little
over an hour, we reached Binghamton, and the
train again returned to Owego. The road is con
s derCll by competent judges, to be constructed in
a superior manner. The cars are furnished in an
elegant manner, consulting in everything the com
fort and convenience of the passeng,ers. We may
as well mention for the information of those Wer
t...toil, that hereaher trains will be despatched in
the evening, to and trout New Yolk.
At nwegn, we had the pleasure of meeting quite
a number of our brethren ftotn the ne - ighboring
towns.—oar old friend .11fAsoN, of the Elmira Ga
zette, I...tti:tt.iN, of the Elinira.Republican, ONGLEY
of the Havana Republican, HoAct.Aso, of the Dun
dee Record, NVitriatT of the Deposit Courier, the
editorial delegation complete from Binghamton, our
of the Argus, and others, forming quite a
crowd., and seeming glad enough to escape for a
iyason horn their. labors. It struck us that they
were• all young men, though probably all our sen
iors, os we lack hall a centuty of Father Ritchie's
) Mill a body of young men, who in the labo
rious and active life they have chosen, )ears of
ample scope for their industry and talents. We
regn•ne,l the nece:. , :.ity.wlitch separated us. upon
s r brie( a meeting, but trust that we soon " shall
again,'' with better opportunities of cultivat
i “ti acquaintance.
Great Speech of Ilan. The. 11. Benton.
We learn by a telegraphic despatch to the Trill.
nertlial lion: Tho' 11. Benton delivered a speech
at Jefferson Flo. , respecting thepower of Congress
over slavery in the territories. The substance of
his remarks, or so much has appeared in print, is
as follows:
Col. Benton takes very strong ground in support
of the principles that Congress has complete _au
thority over the territories, including the power to
abolish dr exclude slavery therefrom; and he de
clares that the citizens of slavelaoldin States have
no right to carry their slave property into the terri
tories, and hold such property in them, without the
sanction of the National Legislature. True, the
power of Congress, in respect to this matter, has
never been fully exercised : but he insists that the
tact of its existence has been rimo7tizeil and sanc
tioned by all the federal and State authorities, from
the foundation of the government to the present
tnne. Ile says that a shareholder cannot lawfully
carry the slave, as property, an inch beyond the
boundary line of the State which has created such
property, except by tho consent of the government
withia whose jurisdiction he proposes to enter—
that the only result of the conveyance of slaves to
California, &ct at the present time, would be their
eerlorn. Besides, he thinks that the people of Cal
ifornia and New Mexico are almost unanimously
opposed to the establishment of slavery among
them.
The resolutions of the Missouri Legislature, in
staicting him in reference to his future course in
the United States Senate, in connection with this
subject, Colonel Benton regards as but an echo of
the resolutions introduced by Mr. Calhoun into the'
United States Senate in IRV. To know the object
ul ihe resolutions of instruction, it was only neces
sary to know that Mr. Calhoun's resolutions were
aimed at the stability of the Union, as well as at
those members of the Senate from the slaveholding
States, (including himself particularly,) who would
not stibintt to be led [by 'Mr. C.] Ile could diseov
er no ditlerenee between the resolutions of Mr. Cali
bout, and those of the Missouri Legislature, except
that the fermer had.the most immediate reference
to the dissolution of the Union. Colonel Benton
enters at some length into an exposition of the in.
consistences of M r. Calhoun's public career, iii refe
rence to the slavery question as well as other mat
ters. The position now taken by the Senator from
South Carolina was, that Congress had no right to
interfere with slavery in any manner; and that
there could be no compromise upon, that point. Vet,
in tSflo, the admission of Missouri as a State was
the result of a compromise of this very question—
aid that compromise had been assented to by Mr.
.C. The present course of Mr. Calhoun and his fob
lowors was cult-dated to prevent a com?rorniso
with the Mulch, inasmuch as the latter were incens
ed , o take also an extreme position, in opposition.
This position adds another laurel to the fame of
Col. B. The nobleman(' he has taken for fieedom
is worthy of him who stood by the departed JAcs
soN, in the tit,tm 11* SirtITZICS with the Unitikl
States Bank'. He has gone at his work by his usu
.
al firmness and energy and cannot fail to be,
exteiple wiU have a powinfol ef
fect in*dee*ing the Democratic party frotAhe de.
degratf+ whieh tathition, and unprpicipleelfriends
have horsaghtfpcot. We trust it ilitot slily the
first dierninie, bui - gie perfect day which shall lend
to its complete regeneration.
SrsaurroavArtatvei....7Our Wary yes greeted on
Saturday last with the arrival of the Steamboat
If yarning, Capt. Cosvcitsg, of Tunkhannock
Wyoming was built by the enterprising citizens of
Tunkhannock to test the practicability of navigat
ing the Snequehanna, between Wilksbarre and this
place by Steam. She is entirely new, was con
structed antler the immediate personal supervision
of Capt. Converse, who is undoubtedly well skilled
n his profession; and so ar as we can judge is a
perfect model of a Boat. She is 128 feet long and
16 feet wide. Her machinery is of the first urdtr,
and although on her experimental trip, some slight
defects in its operation were discovered, we have
the fullest confidence that it will, when carefully
adjusted, operate to the entire satisfaction o 1 all
concerned. •
0:::7-The absence of the editor, must excuse what
ever errors of commission or omiasioa may occur
in this weeks paper.
PLANK ROAD LAW.—We are obliged to deferthe
publication of the Law incorporating a company
for making a Plank Road from this place to Nich
ols, until a future number. A ptess of other mat
ter, occupies all our space for this week.
(Correspondence of the Bradford Reporter.]
ST. JOSEPJA, May Bth, 1849
FRIEND Gobonicii—ln accordance with a promise
made before leaving Bradford, I shall attempt to
give you a brief outline of the situation of things
in the far west; not doubting but any reliable in
formation regarding the immense emigration to the
gold regions, would prove interesting, as most of
our people ale unacquainted with the locality of
this place, and as it is the great point of embarcation
for Oregon and California. I have thought proper to
give a brief description of its locality. St. Joseph
is situated on the east side of Missouri river upon
the 'verge of a level prairie of several leagues in
extent, and although it is an infant in age it is des
tined ere ten years to rival some of the most enter
prising cities on the Ohio or Mississippi. Five years
ago a few Indian wig,wa?ns and a half dozen white
families marked the spot where it stands, it is now
a town larger than our own Towanda, and its
growth bids fair to outstrip the growth, of any of
her sister towns in the regions of -the west. This
must for years to come continue to be the great
rendezvous for emigrants taking the overland route
who Select this place on account of its natural as
well as other advantages. Live stock by thousands
are raised upon her broad and fertile prairies with
scarcely any assistance from the hand of man.—
, Grain grows almost spontaneously and it does real
ly seem as if some prophet had invoked the aid of
Heaven to send its manna of plenty to this favored
land. I will give you an idea of the prices of pro
visions here superfine flour $2, per hundred, bacon
54 do. beef $2 do., and every thing necessary for
an outfit in proportion. According to the best
estimates which I can form from enquiry and ob
servation of the amount of emigration to Califor
nia is 10,000 persons, and from Independence Fort
Kerney and Fort Levensworth about 8000 more,
who will all or nearly all go by the south pass and
Fort Hall, They are now crossing the river as ra
pidly as possible which is the limit of the States,
aiid brings them into territory of the Indians. The
means of transportation is mostly by oxen and
waggons, though about one fourth go with moles
and waggons, and some few with pack moles,
those going with mules though they can make the
trip with greater expedition, are in great danger
from the Indians a h ) use every art so familiar to
the 'savage to steal the mules thus leaving the
emigrants without the means of transportation, be
sides mules are much more valuable here, being
worth upon an average $6O. while aen are worth
but $45, per yoke. The - re has and will cross the
Missouri at this point about two thousand ox
teams averaging about 4 yoke on a waggon, be
sides about 500 mule teams, each will average
about four persons all of wnom are armed in a
manner that would do honor to a United States
Soldier. Each emigrant carries a good rifle, a good
pair of pistols or a revolver and . a large Bowie
knife, which completes his military equipage.—
They generally cross the plains in companies of
from twenty to forty teams by which they will be
enabled to set al defiance all the savages who
may approach. It certainly must afford amuse
ment to a calm spectator, to observe the effect
which this vision of. wealth has upon the human
mind, the ohl and infirm man whose palsied step
and trembling hand warns biin of dissolution near,
braces his bony limbs for a final effort, to embrace
the voluptuous Goddess of gold, the bearded Jew,
the stem intrepid Gaul, the jolly Hibernian, in fact
men of every name and grade, " From snowy
white to sooty," all join in the crusade for wealth,
ready to brave all dangers to cross mountains, to
swim rivers, to patrol deserts, to walk over the dead
bodies of their comrades, forgetful of the dead,
rushing, like fiends to clutch and gorge their eyes
on sparkling gold, this is not fancy ;411e unfortunate
en igrant overtaken by death Is stowed away in the
ground with as little eoncern as if he were a brute.
Please excuse this abrupt close, for my team is
ready to cross, and I must bid you adieu.
Respectfully yours, JAMES T.. CAZL A T.
THE CHOLERA AT TIIE WEST.—The Board of
Health at Cincinnati on the 25th lust, reported 19
cases of cholera and 2 deaths within the Finn ions
21 hours. The prosecutions against the physicians
who have nealected to report their cases have
been dropped by the city solicitor, on account of an
informahty in the organization of the Board of
Health. The I,,nisrdle Journal of the 24th reports
one death by. Cholera. A Board of Health was to
be organized on that day. The report of the Let
ingt, on (Ky.) Board e 1 Health, dated
. on the 22d,
says that from the 19th to the 22d 15 cases of chol
era four of which proved fatal, had occeured in the
Lunatic Asylum, and that no well authenticated
case had occurred either in the city or its
CtInLEAA —AI Chicago on the 23,1, I death, on
the 24th. 8. At West Troy, N. Y the 25th, 1
death.
C 1101. ER Ik IN N EWA R K Newark Adrerf esrr
of yesterday states that Dr. Lord, a respectable den
tist of that city had been attacked with the cholera
and was hardly expected to recover and adds ;
Since the above has been in type we hear that
Mr. Jacob fluniphreyv ;Ile, shoemaker, of 161 Aca
detny:st. was taken yesterday with diarrhea and
vomiting and being ill all night his wile went
nut for a physician this morning but on returning to
the house with him (Dr Bahlwin,) found her hus
band a curpsel
FODR DAYS
DATER FROM SAN FRANCISCO.
The Stetwurs and, P re gon
Dry etfillier ed* ML4lTer %la
tHisaseads suattirmiarals P•aadl.
LIEUT. BEALE'S JOURNEY- NINE MEN LOST ON
THE OILA.
[FromAbe N. Y. Tribune June 2d.1
The steamship Sou Menet, which arrived at this
port yesterday from Charleston. brought as passen
gers Lieut. EDWARD BELLE, U. S. N. and Wm. Pia:
sort, Esq. U. S. Consul at Mazatlan, the former of
whom reached Panama in the steamship Oregon
on the sth inst. and brings us news from San 'Fran
cisco to the
.13th of April, four days later than pre
vious adv ices.
We bad the pleasure of convening with Lieut.
Beale yesterday, and obtainiag from him a number
of new and interesting particulars flout the Gold
Region. He states that the steamship Oregon reach
ed San Francisco on the Ist of April. Immediately
on her arrival, the crew was put on board the U. S.
ship Ohio, and there kept in irons until the evening
before she started on the. return voyage The Ore
gon reached-San Blas on the 22d of April, remain
ed there five days (coaling) ; left 27th, and arriv
ed at Panama on the sth May, at 9 P. M. after
touching at Acapulco for water. As Lieut. Beale
was leaving Panama on the morning of the 6th, the
California, which sailed from San Francisco five
days after the Oregon. was coming -into the harbor.
The running time of the Oregon to Panama, was 14
jays, three of which were made with sails. The
amount of gold brought by the two vessels is not
known with certainty, but it is estimated at $4OO,
000, about $BO,OOO of which is consigned to Mr.
Parnat. A much greater amount would have been
forwarded but for the facts that bills ol lading were
not given farther than Panama, where the gold is
obliged to be carried across the Isthmus at some risk,
and at new bill obtained a Chagres. The number
of passengers on board the Oregon was small.
Among !twin was Rea. Walter Colton, Ex-Alcalde
of Monterey, whom Lieut. B. left at Chagres. The
crews on the steamer are paid $lOO per month
each, and the cooks 8150. The Oregon on her ar
rival lurniaheil the California with an engineer,
probably the same one whom a correspondent of
Tie T ribtine, a riling front San Bias, mentions as
having been taken on board at that place and fur
nished with a free passage.
The U. S. transportation ships lowa, Gen. Taylor
and Rome, have arrived at Monterey, with troops.
Gen. Riley, who went out in charge of them was
at that place when Lieu'. B left. There were about
75 vesselti lying in the :Bay ol San Francisco, and
others were arriving every day. With very fe w ex
ceptions their crews desert immediately upon their
arrival, and they are unable to leave. The town is
crowded with people, and about two thirds of the
inhabitants are living in car*. Thd houses are all
filled to overflowirw, and the smallest moms rent
for 43 a day ; good board at the hotels is 819 a-day.
Gen. Smith is living for the present in the old house
of the Hudson's Bay Company. One of the volun
teers of Stevenson's Regiment, who made enough
at the digging to purchase a frame house in the
place, ()tiered to rent it to him, but cooly demanded
$lB,OOO a year, giving Gen . S. one day to decide on
the tiger.
The snow was melting very fast, and the placers
were almost entirely clear. Corn panics were leav
ing San Francisco daily for the diggings and miners
constantly arriving with the products of their labors:
the fare to Setter's Fort varied from :1 , 25 to 50, ac
cording to the style ot conve'yance. There was a
great deal of drinking and gambling going on in
tc.. );p
San Francisco. Many of the grs amble who Haw
ed the American army through Mexico h p gone
on to California, and by means ot mon ~roulette
and faro tables, fleece the natives very e..tensively.
Lieut. Beale speaks in high terms ot t e order
maintained by the population on the placers as
well as in the more settled parts. There
. are Jew
di-turbances of any kind, and owing to the strict ad
ministration ot a kind of extempore justice, crimes
have become less frequent. The only punishment
is hanging. When a Person commits any theft or
outrage, lie is brought before a Jury of twelve men
selected fur the purpose, who go through,the regu
lar learns of trial, and if convicted he is at Once exe
cuted. Three men have lately been hung at the
diggings, one of them for stealing a horse.
The last heard from Col Fremont, he was on the
Gila with his company. The report of his arrival
in California : for which some of the papers give
credit to Lieut. Beale, is incorrect. Mrs. Fremont
was at Panama, and would leave in the first steam
er for San Francisco.
Lieut. Beale left St. Louis on his way out, on the
Ist of November last. lle was the bearer of dis
patches, and had a body of 25 men under his com
mand. After reaching Santa Fe he took the' Gila
route, and on this part of the journey underwent the
most terrible sufferings. The party was iisited•
by the Winter storm among the mountains, Which
proved fatal to so many of Fremont's men, anl.l nine
soldiers perished with cold and exposure. 'They
were several times attacked by Indians and some
of the troops were severely wounded. Lieut. Beal's
appearance bears tokens of the hardshirb he has uti
dergone.
He brings with him a lump of pure gold, weigh.
ing eighty ounces. and consequently worth nearly
51 ,500. It was found at the dry diggings by a man
named Weaver. We had a sight of this precious
piece yesterday. It was exhibited for a short time
on 'Change, and produced quite a sensation. Lieut.
It. went on to Washininon by the Southern train yes
terday afternoon. When he left Panama, the Ore.
gon and California were to leave San Fiancisco in
about 10 days. There were several sailing vestels
also there, fitting tip for passengers. The mails
brought by the Oregon and California, were at- the
Isthmus, waiting the arrival of a steamer Cliagres.
Mr. PARROTT, our Consul at Mazatlan, is now
staying at the Astor House. He left Mazatlan, on
the 10th April, atter his return from an exploration
of the gold regions of the Sacramento ; reached
Mexico on the 11th of May, Vera Cruz on the tlth
and Mobile on the. 21st. He rerrte having met
with companies continually during his overland
journey. The road to the Pacific is lined with
them and they are all so far as he saw, doing well
14uttons company sailed from San Blas,iwthe Gua
dalajara on the 16th. Earle's or five vesels at Maz
atlan and two or three at San Bias; for California.
The price of passage varied from $5O to 1250, ac
cording to the accommodations. Mr. P. tells a story
of a cabin boy who deserted one of liargou's ships
at %'era Cruz and walked the whole way to San
Blas . where he arrived sate and sound on his Way
to California.
We are indebted to the courtesy of Mr. Parrott
for much new and interesting informationt
concerning the mineral wealth of California.
Ilia visit to the placers was undertaken for the pur
pose of intermit% himself on those points, and
his revelations are even more astonishing than any
which have previously reached us. In all that con
cerns-the digging of gold be fully confirms all for
mer statements. The limits of the placer towards
the South are constantly being extended by new
discoveries ; the Nonhem districts owing to their
remoteness from civilization, have not yet been hil
ly explored. The earth in some places has been
ring to the depth of nine feet and the promotion of
gold found to be quite as great as on the surface.—
The richness of the dry diggings is in some places
almost incredible. Mr. Parrott estimates the
arnouut of gold which will be obtained the preset]
year at Mitt !' millions of dollars.
But the riches of California do not consist in gold
alone. All the precious metals ate there tumid, in
greater or less profession as well as the rarest and
most valuable jewels. Two mines of silver have
been lately discovered one of which is known to
but few persons who jealously key the secret.—
Platinum is also known to exist''in considerable
quantities. A rough diamond nearly the size of a
hen's egg has been found by one of .the miners in
the Sacramento Valley. Gen. Vallejo, who was
Mr. Patrott's informant. say* that i. was brought
to him by the finder who demanded $lBO,OOO for
it. Emeralds of large size are frequently met with
but their value is scarcely known. Three ;or four
-- . - 4 `it ake*^ - - - slIZI• -
" 41 " - "tititlitri f f ieiliiinit . giVi been' Ise& - one - -,-.
new
of which , a very rich deposit lies between the val- •
of Santa Clara and San Joaquime. The Forbes
nes*woyer ielbe only one walked se', yet ,: - .4-
• e
extent and varies ,Of these cluitkitilvert mitt
le of
ii not isitialed by inky Other locality in,tho; Worlk
,Beds of coal hate been found, near the-Avast b)t .
cannot of course be worked under the'ineeent 84,0 . 1
of things.
Mr. Permit informed us that intheSierc Nes-
adi, to the north east of San Francisco, there is a
volcano in active operation. ,111,,thy. 34 pt . /Hawk,
the heaves i t snow-storins tn - iluirieiniorf tribe in-
habitants took place.
There. are but fifty women in thti town of San
Francisco, twenty of whom are Americans. The
arrival of a ship-load of female emigrants would
beta cause ofpublic reioicing, and all the single ones
would roceive offers before they huuleAl. Mrs.
Ward of this City, white riding , in the vicinity of
San Francisco, was thrown - from her horse and
inkired. -
The price of lots in the town is as before stated,
enormous. The sales take place However with
litlifregard to the title ofthe property, and as there
are two or three separate claims upon a great pan
of it, this may lead to great difficulty in the future.
Sometimes the same land is sold to different par
ties by two Alcaldes.
The U. S. sloop-of-war Dale which sailed from
San Frqncisco for the United States. on the 20th of
March hai $200,000 in gold dust on -board.
Nearly die whole of Capt. Sutter's 40,000 bushels
of grain rotted in the field, for want of hands to
harvest it. The price of Flour at the diggings when
Mr. Parrott left was 83 per lb. though-at San Fran
cisco it was down to 510' . per bbl. There was not
much sickness at the diggings except scurvy and a
few cases of feVer. There was also some scurvy at
San Francisco owing to the want of vegetable food
the cultivation of the soil being entirely neglected.
A Boston man named Tyler, son of a Boston
auctioneer of that name purchased a store in the
place. The novelty of the thing attracted crowds,
and he soon did profitable buisness. Two or tbree
l'eter Funk establishments soon started op and en
trapped many of the green miners who came down'
from the diggings. So fast is the progress of civil.
, ization ui Califernia !
We shall endeavor to give farther particlars in a
day or two Mr. I' roil, who has spent nearly
twenty years of his on the Pacific Coast, dis
plays a through know edge of the condition of Cal
ifornia and an entire confidence in the vast extent
of t,er mineral wealth. He has prepared for the
use of U. S. Government, we believe the most com
plete -map of the Gold region which has yet been
made. He tells us that some years ago he was
offered the whole of the ground now occupied , by
San Francisco for about $4,000.
There was at Panama a rumor to the affect that
a mutiny had broken out on board the Ohib and
that several men hid been executed but neither
Mr. Parott nor Lieut. Beale gives credit to
Gem Smith is at present remaining in San Francis
co, with several of his officers Jun he has done
nothing of importance since his arrival.
Arrival Of Me Niagara.
NEW YORK, June 2., 11 e.
The steamer Niagara arrived at Halifax at 3o'clock
Thursday morning. She brings 1130,000 in specie
and 63 passengers.
EscLAND.—Details of the outbreak in Canada
were laid before Parliament on the 25th, which elic
ited some discussion of no importance, beside the
tact that the Government evinced• a determination
to sustain Lord Elgin. Earl Grey, in alluding to
Lord Elgin's despatch, said it would show that he
acted throughout with judgment, moderation and
good sense : and that he was fully prepared to jus.
tify and take the responsibility of Lord Elgin. .
In commercial affairs there is no material amend.
ment in prospect. Money contin ues plentiful. The
chief demand for Americab securities is on Ger
man account.
From the manufacturing districts general com
plaint is made that the goods sent away have little
or no profit whatever.
In cured provisions the market appears to be
abundantly supplied ; and prices are generally low
er and receding.
The flour and grain markets have somewhat im
prove:J.
IRELAND —lreland continues quiet and as mise
rable as ever.
FILANCF..—The elections in France, on the 13th,
passed off without a single violation of good order,
brit no distinct opinion can yet be formed as to the
relative success of parties. No doubt is entertain
ed but there is a large majority in favor of peace
and order.
Paris Elections in the Departments..-=The Consti
tutionnel states, that the electionsnt 52 departments
known on Thursday'night, give the following
sults: 453 representatives, of which 278 are Mode,
rates, 81 Socialists, and 75 Friends of the Constitu.
tion.
ih - NGARY.—The war in Hungary continues. The
fighting goes on unremittingly and the fortunes of
the Hungarians are reported to be in the ascendant.
Sim.Y.—Sicily is again in a state of insubordina
tion for the hundreth lime.
GERMANY.—The plot gradually reveals itself M
Germany. The sovereigns have evidenly com
bined for the oVertlimw of the liberalists.
ITALY'.—We have before us most frightful details
of priests being dragged forth from their hiding pla
ces by the populace, and put fo death. Their bodies
have been hacked in small pieces and cast into the
Tiber. The ccmbined powers of Europe will scarce
ly be able ever to place his Holiness again on the
Throne of the Vatican. The tide of feeling has
overflown him, and the Romans now seem bent on
separating sacred find political authority forever.—
Binghamton Iris June 2J.
Late and Important from 'r.exaa—Devasta
tion. Murders and Robberies by the Contain , .
ekes—Terrible Ravages of Cholera•
NEW-ORLEANS ) May 24.
The steamship Globe 'has atrived from. Brazos
Santiago with dates from Brownsville to the Itth
and Galveston to the 21st.
The express at Brownsville and Palo Alto had
been attacked by numerous and formidable bands
of Camanclies, °ELI acts of the most startling barbat i
ty were perpetrated.
The stage at POint Isabel had been intercepted
and the proprietor and passengers all taken prison
ers.
A train of transport wagons, containing valuable
merchandise, had been captured, there being no
force to oppose the plunderers, nor any mJunted
men at Fort Brown.
The destructi-n of preperty is immense. Seve•
ral head of horses owned by one gentleman were
captured and killed.
Women and children were carried off in captivity
Gen. Abalos, the military commandant at Mata
mbras had been applied to by the civil authorities
of BroWnsville, Int the assistance of a force of moon.
ted dragoons. His answer was that he was ready
to famish all the force and dispose of it. if authoriz
ed by tt commandant of the Texan Department
to pass !Pie frontier. The latter refused.
The Zit Texican Caralry in a few hours were well
equipptgld and facing the Bank 01 the rirer r waiting
for sanction to cross. •
The Whole American population of the Valley of
the Riev'Grande wore in a state of the most extreme
agitation.
The accounts from San Fernando, Westep Tex
as, state that Major Bern•'s party was cut to pieces
by the Indians. They were attacked 150 miles be
yond the Hacienda of San Juan de Zendas, and all
murdered. except one zrisoner, five others, the
1113jor and a Commander front Malverton.
The ravages of the Cholera at SantArdonio were
awful in the extreme. The • number of deaths
reaching near fire hundred. The di.4ease broke out
in the camp oldie ihird Infantry and Quartermas
ter's encampment and on Satado. The dead and
dying were piled up in the open air unattended.
and Ne w York Typegraphica/ Socidy. 7 ...An ancient
honorable - association of Psusreas, formed for
purposes iii:nienbal improvement and the cultic lion
negood 4011oveship among improvem ent
craft--celebrated
with as is their wont, the anivensary
tliii birth day of BKNJAMIN Fantows, at the Ctilis
enin in Bresva3r on the 18th instant. The cere
itiOnies con sisted of speeches poems, odes, few
ling, music, and dancing—and a general mingling
of elementauf,soei4l, and intellectual recreation
Among the guesid.wereWasmucros Tavern, WIL
LIAM C. BRYANT, N. P. Wittis, and other litera r y
magnates. A number of distinguished. \gentlem an
had been invited from . distant places, who favo re d
the association with letters and sentiments, -appro
priate to , the occasion. We find, among the num
ber the eloquent reply from our townsman, H oe.
Euas Lswis t .in which we discover_ Suiliceut mer
it to transferrt entire to our columns. The Judge
himself started out in . life a follower of Far:sits ?
and although time and. circumstances have trans
krred him.to a different sphere) we perceive i n
this ,letter the proofs that the "art presraatire:—
The fame 'he has acquired as a Jurist may well be
quoted in support of the maxim that " the printing.
Office is the poor Boy's College."
We commend the letter of Judge Lewis as ills ,
cussing topics of the highest interest. His remarks
on the liberty as coutradistingui.hed from the h.
centiousiress of the press-are striking and 'forcible
as is also his eulogy of the'Frit ilabeas'Cospus which
THOMAS Jerveasos, in which "from thieonsiettatten
that has guided our steps through an ae of revolution
and reformation." At the conclusion it will be seen,
tne learned writer discards the ermine and resumes
the functions of the barrister. By a tr a in of reason
ing alike novel and ingerions,lie defends the Moth
er of Mankind from an indictment which has been
pending against her ever since the fall and of whe'h
the human family have generally adjudged her guilt
ty. it is argued that to Adam and not to Kre,
are the sad consequence of mran'sifirst disobedience
justly chargeable. We submit the ,point to the
Theologians—but in any event the ladies Will not
fail to appreciate this. voluntary defence of our re-
nowned first mother as an act of essential gallantry
It is quite certain, that, whatever agency Woma x
may have exercised ia entailing misery OR man•
kiird by eating of.
Of that lorbiden tree, where moral taste
Brought death into the world and all our wo,''
she-has ever since been-doing ten-fold more than
man to repair the consequences. Point to a ‘‘ork
of benevolence and mercy and woman is:found at
the head of it.
LANCASTER, (Pa.) ian'y 9th. 1846.
GEtirri.eatss : It gives me sincere - *aeone to
acknowledge the receipt
. of your invitation to par
ticipate in commemorating the Anniversary - of
the Birth-day of Franklin and in social re-union
of the mem hers and friends of the Typograph•
ical profession. Nothing but the obligations of
&heal duty could prevent my attendance on an
occasion so interesting to every member theol proles
sion, rind so rich in its promises of grant) ing rem-.
iniscences to myself. More than thirty years have
elasped since I have enjoyed the pleasure of assem
bling with my fellow members of the New Voli
Typographical -Society. It that eventful perm],
what extensive changes have taken place amonr,
its members and in the art itself. A majority et.
that honored fraternity have, perhaps departed to a
better world ; some of them leaving but 'slight
trai-es.rof their deeds whilst others like our oirn d;s.
tinguislied poet, Woodworth have left behind ;bim
the chesslied memories of an f, Olk oaken iawl.e:
—the mosscovered bucket that hung in the well."
Others again-have surVived to become teachers In
Israel, holding daily converse with. their readers
by myriads of tongues and, like ou r brother NCeed
impressing their 'own thoughts upon the ags is
which they live. Stereotype art has grown hum
infancy to a giants stature. Lithography, from a
bud just peeping out from its calyx, has become
full blown, and perfumes the. air of both hems
pheres with its fragrance. The Ramage Pr es s—the
press of the time of Franklin—has been hurled utr .
der a multitude of brilliant inventions, like the fo•
man daughter under the bright .jewels of. the &al
ine army. -Turnpikes have given placqto railroads
and rumbling stage-coaches to clattering locomo
tires and-cars ; and even Roreas himself hasteec
driven by the power of steam from the exclusive
dominion on the sea Man, in his rapid strides to
perfection, has Seined the sunbeam?;, converter
them into artists' pencils, and in the hash ol an in
stant produces the most perfect sim donde of Crew
created thing; and prouting by -the suggestion e . •
our own Franklin, he has boldly seized the li;h:-
ening of Heaven, bound it to his purpose by his
telegraphic wires and makes it do his bottling aruunc
the globe with a'velccity equal to that excited un
der the command of Jehovah himself!
Those who are connected with - the Typo
raph
ical profession have peculiar duty to perlorm. r
preserving in its purity and vigor that great pailaa•
turn of freedom, the • liberty of the Pit ss. It is a,
necessary to true freedom as is the brea:h to hr.-
man life. Every one should be at liberr . to pa
lish his thoughts, without the slight-A control from
ceysors or others, while it is of vital iinnerance! ,
the rights of the people and to the peace of socr
that every one should be fully re:lions:He for Pe , '
lications thus made. The TRUTH should allray,t , e
a justification where the matter published I 4
tor public information, or is published with gem
motives . and for justifiable ends; vilide'thewant;m l
promulgation of private transactions, with whiclirt.
public have no le:ritimate: concern. should err
'stand without justification in law or to morals—
The elevated condition of thellighest evidence,
the intellectual and morel improvement of the Ice
Next to the liberty of the press stands that t , t
person.. So long as the writ of habeas coyu-
preserved no roan can be Mel-ally deprived of h •
liberty. Shackels, chains bolts, bars, and all 0 ,
engines of tyranny crumble into atoms, before LI
law. It was only by its suspension that Anie ,a.
citizens were recently deprived of their hl,erty
Ireland. An illustration of the power of thi , 05 ' 7
potent guardian' of English and American freclios
has within a few years been exhibited in our or
city. An emigrant is arrested on efia-ge ul
in 'Prance & his surrender is demanded by the Yre
Government, under the treaty of extraction.
thrown into prison, and a mandate issues from
President of the United States, commandlll.z
surrender as a . prisoner to the agents of the for
.government. Ile alleges that his ease does N o
within the meaning of the treaty, and that lie ,--
legaliy deprived of his liberty, and applies is •
State Judge for the writ of habeas enrrus
writ issues--his case is the prisoner is ille.;;;all
tined. I speak not now of the soundness t.1::1
opinion but I draw attention to the case a:r
which presents the sublime spectacle of a
jutlg,e, with no army or navy at his cominau,i—
with,no power but the•writ of habeas corpu , 3ll ,ll ;'
revetenco paid to it by a law-abiding people-411
in:7 off the shackels of bondage and tetting the
filmic% of one of the most powerful Kings of Knot ,
and against the mandate of the highest executor
()dicer in the world—tbe commander-iii• Clue;
the Army and .Navy of thirty United but cileir• •
dent nations. a
As sentinels on the watch towers of hlierty •
profession should never be forirtful 1 "
rights of the gentler -sex. By inarnag;.•
civil existence of woman is almost extinguistici -
Her personal property becomes the ahsoline rot":
ty of her husband Iler real estate becomes 4' .. -
stantially his for life; her ri4lits of action arr
his if he choose m reduce theM into posses-'''' .
her right to maintain a suit for the slander of
character or for an injury to her person or i'"';":
depends upon his pleasure. TheSe are her •:r:"'
cations, under the common law, and that I•or
s iil in extensive in, knee althntedi it
a nation that prepeitrated the untiolowed
of 6i:inland's Queen: that sanetinned -
of Joau of Are as; a witch an,l that ,rlO,l
second " Blue Beard. - as one of her •zre:l:,•-t k:
the first's Defender of her Faith, - and the • • SO."' 14
Head of her Church."
The exdlusion of females from all 1 15 . 06:31 1 e r":.:
ploy trtenle, the reduction of their to'
•• • • •
it —the fruit