EMI
IMILVTAM =0
TOWANDA:
alanceban tllarninn. 3annarn 17, 1819.
GOVERNOR'S MESSAGE,
Delivered January 60849.
To the Senate and Them of Representatives of the Com
ntonwealtk of Pennsylvania :
Vcr.t.ow-CrrtzENs:--In performing the responsi
bile duties enjoined by the Constitution, on the Ex
ecutive of the State, a sincere pleasure is telt in ad
dressing, at the commencement of each session of
the Legislature, the immediate representatives of
the people. To•present to them in faithful candor
the true position of public affairs, to suggest reme
dies for known wants, to aid in the enactment of
such measures as the tnterests, happiness, and wel
fare of the citizens seem to demand, is not the less,
gratifying that it is made the duty of the Executive
department. The events of the past year will not
tail to wadi us the lesson of an over-ruling Provi
dence and the gratitude we owe as a people for the
blessing which through the wisdom of Almighty
Goodness, have been vouchsafed to the nation.
When the representatives of the people last met,
there existed between our country and a neighbor
ing republic a fierce and bitter war. The result,
indeed; was not doubtful, for, with a people justly
celebrated among nations for their unconquerable
bravery, unsorpressed skill in military affaivn, and
their great superiority over their enemies in physi
cal and mental qualities, victory was the necessary
'consequence: yet the undecided contest was a
source of profound regret, for the sacrifice of human
life, and the expenditure of public and Titivate treas.
pre necessary to the re-establishment of our own
peaceful relations.
Ii is, therefore gratifying to know that the war
has fully terminated, and 'that Peace, the rational
desire of all, sheds again its blessings on every
portion of our country. To the Almighty Father,
who in mercy turned the hearts of the rulers of both
countries, to lay aside the sword. to cultivate the
spirit of brotherly kindness, and to establish peace
ful relations between the citizens of their respec
tive governments, we-owe the deepest ~vd most
fervent gratitude. The abundance of our "%arrest,
the blessings of continued and general health, and
the preservation of our civil and religious rights, as
guarantied to us by the free institutinns of our coun
try, while destitution, misery and convulsed gov
ernments, and precarious civil and religious institu
tions harass the people of other lands, should prO
duce our hearts a fervent acknowledgement of his
superintending kindness and mercy. -
In the late contest with Mexico, this Common
wealth 'vas called upon by .the National Govern
inent-to furnish a portion of the troops deemed
necessary by the constituted authorities to carry
the war to a successful issue. With this requisition
it is scarcely necessary to state, our Commonwealth
complied with the alacrity which has heretofore
-distinguished her among her sister republics. A
larg.e volunteer force was instantly placed at the
-disposal of the National Government, and it is a
matter of just-pride to their fellow-citizens, that in
the disc-harm of every duty, these volnnteers main
tained the honor of the State, and _the renown of
their country. The citizen soldier who fortunately
escaped death, has returned to his ~firmily and
irieu,lB after having earned for himself and the State,
a reputation for undaunted bravery, for enduring,
and patient suffering, and manly and berme virtue,
gnat the future annalist will delight to record.
It is due to there patriotic citizens that this Com
monwealth do some act as an acknowledgement
of then past illustrious services. To the memory
of the dead who fell in the service of their coun- '
try, it is the duty of the, State to erect a suitable
monument, that their bravery and virtue may be
enduringly remembered, and their heroic sacri
fice emulated in other times, should the honor and
safety of the country require a from future genera-
lions.
Since the adjournment of the last Legislature, the
Chief Blecutive Officer of the Commonwealth, t. e
late Governor Sbunk, has swik beneath. the mala
dy which then afflicted him He died on the 20th
day of July, 1848.
h will not be deemed improper in me to say a
few 'Tools in reference to the character of the illus
trious deceased. -
- The late Govenor Shunk having yenta large
-portion of his lite in the public service,"atid harnig
mingled me'. with his fellow cidzetis, was well
and extensively known throughout the State, and
it is with pleasure the circumstance is recalled to
my Mind, that at one period of his life, I had the
• honor to eojoy his intimate personal friendship.
During our intimacy. it always gave him great
pleasure to aid and assist the young and ine‘peri
enced, to relieve the - di-tressed, and to impart to
. his tellow men, by words pf kindness. and deeds c f
charity, as large a share of Happiness as his condi
- Lion would al,ow.
Hi 4 intercourse with others was courteous, his
friendships were lasing,. his attachments strong and
endtfring, while his resentments for injuries were
transitory, sad made no permanent impression in
his bosom. It may vita truth be said of Govenor
Shunk, that he was a sincere friend. a good neigh
bor, a pure Chris tan and, an honest man. Such
was the reputation he sust ained among his fellow
citizens when my intimacy. with him g ave me a
knowledge of his character ; and althou gh a differ
ence of political views separated us for many years
before his death, his friends, at a later period Of his
lite hive borne . testimony that the same purity of
intention and desire of well doing remained with
him until the hour of his dissolution.
The Legislature is respectfully invitel to take
such action in relation to the decease of the first
Chief Magistrate of the Commonwealth, whose
death occurred during the period for which he was
elected, as may be deemed most appropriate to ex
press its sympathy for the sorrow and bereavement
of the surviving relatives, and fo testify its respect
for the memory of the virtues of the distinguished
dead.
. Prior to the decease of Governor Shunk, on the
7th day of July, 1848, as appears by the records in
the State Department, he resigned the office of Gov
ernor of this Comm'lth., and thereupon, under the
provisions of the 14th section of the 2d article of the
Constitution, which declares, that "in case of
the death or rese;aation of the Govenot, or of his
removal from office, the Speaker of the Senate
shall excereiso the office of Govenor, until another
Governor shall be duly qualified," the duties of the
F.xcentive Department of the Government devolv
ed on me.
Official information of the act of regig,nation did
Not reach me nntil the 17th day of Jffly, 1848. The
section of the Constitution herein referred to, also
declared, in reference to the same subject, that " in
such case another Govenor shall be chosea at the
nett annual election of Representatives, unless
such death, resignation or removal shall occur with
in three calendar months immediately preceding
such nest annual election ; in which case a Goier
nor shall be chosen at the second succeeding annu
al election of Representatives." By the 34th sec
tion of the act of the General Assembly relating to
the elections of this Commonwealth, it is provided,
that " iu case any vaeartey shall occur in the.office
. .
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..* ' 0 1 4;11'411,
of Govener of this Commonwealth, More than three
calendar months next preceding the second Toes
day in October in any year, it shell be the duty of
the Speiker of the Senate, or whoever shall be in
the excercise of the office of Governor, to issue his
writs to the Sheriffs of the several counties, requiri
ing, them to give the usual notice, that an election
to supply such vacancy will take place on the sec
ond Tuesday in October next thereafter, and when
such .vacancy occurs within three calendar months
before the second Tuesday in October, it shall be
the t'uty of the Speaker of the Senate, or whoever
shall be in the excercise of the office of Governor, to
issue his writs as aloresaid, requiring notice of
such elution on the second Tuesday in October
next, after the issuing of said writ, and in each case
said writ shall lane at\least three calendar mouths
before the election."
An examination of the constitutional provisions;
the act of Assembly, and the chrumstances of
the resignation, will satisfy you, that while the res
ignation occurred more than three calendar months
before the aext annual election of Representatives,
I it took place at a time rendering a compliance with
the act of Assembly in relation to the issuing of
writs, utterly impossible. in this view of the case.
it might have been deemed a compliance with
ty, to have refrained from all interference in the
I matter, inasmuch as events had put it out of my
power to comply with the terms of the act of As
. sembly, directory of the mode in which the consti
tutiocal provi.ons on the subject should be'earried
into effect.
Alter a full and careful examination of the whole
matter, I believed it my duty to issue thewrits re- I
quiring notice to be given, that an election would
be duly held on the woad Tuesday of October I
then next ensuing, for the election of a Chief Mag
istrate of this Commonwealth. It appeared to me,
that in all cases of doubt, there was no safer resting
Mace than submission to the decision of the peo
ple. and that in the construction of the laws, rola.
ting to the point in question, if any doubt arose, the
better course in a republican government, was to
refer to the citizen voter the right of selecting at the
earliest period his presiding , officer. rather than as
sume a position which would continue official sta
tion in myself, beyond the earliest legal opportuni
ty to surrender it into his hands.—The organic law
required the election, and the Legislative enact
ment should be so constructed as not to contravene
the Constitutional provision. Had the terms of the
Constitution and laws clearly given a different
position to the qnestion, however unpleasant the
task of performing the duties of the office without
the endorsement of the people's will, they would
have been faithfully executed.
In assuming, as Speaker of the Senate, the exer
cise of Executive functions, although not deeming
it absolutely necessary, prudence suggested the
propriety of being sworn to a faithful .discharge of
the executive duties, and an oath to that effect 'was
administered to-me by the honorable. the Speaker
of the House of Representatives.
A law requiring in all eases of death or resigna
tion of the Governor, or of his removal froin office,
that writs to the Sheriffs of the different counties
shall be issued as soon as the Speaker of the Sen
ate shall be officially informed of such death, res
ignation or removals,
and requiring, further, that
. the officer assuming Executive functions should he
sworn in the same manner and to the same effect
as in case of a Chief Magistrate inducted into office,
determining also the peon authorized to'adminis
ter the:oath. would obviate future doubts, and the
same is respectfully recommended to the Legisla
ture.
It is worthy the attention of the Legislature and
the people that no provision exists in the Codstitti
lion in the contingency of the death or inability to
serve, of the Speaker of the Senate.after the death,
resignation or removal of the Governor, for the se
lection'ol a presiding magistrate. Such an event
lappet ing, the government would be left without a
constitutional officer to carry on its operations. An
omission of such importance should be supplied at
the earliest possible period.
Resolutions expressive of the profound sorrow of
the legislature, for the death of that illustrious patri
ot and sage. John Quincy Adams, and of condo
lence for the family in their bereavement, were
pissed by that body at its last session to the wid
dow and family of the deceased. The letter of the
late Executive in the performance of that duty, and
the reply of the venerable survivor, are herewith
transmitted
The attention of the Legislature having been call
ed to the neglected and suffering condition of the
insane poor of the State, and act was passed on the
14th day of April. 1845, providing for the establish
ment of an as) lam for this nntortenate class of our
iiiilioent population, to be located within ten miles
of the seat of government. The commissioners
named in this act, with funds contributed for the
purpose by humane and benevolent citizens of Har
risburg. aided by a liberal appropriation made from
the tmusnry of Dauphin county, purchased a farm
of abont'one hundred and thirty acre!, eligibly sit
uated within a mile and a hall of the State Capitol.
In January, 1546, these commissioners made a re
port to the Legislature, in which they stated, that
on a critical examination of the aforesaid act, such
detects were apparent, that they did not conceive
themselves justified in proceeding with the buil
ding, or in making any expenditure of the sum ap
propriated by the State, towards its erection. until
some modification should be made in the law on
der which they were acting. To remedy these de
fects a supplementary act was passed, on the 11th
day of April, 1848, upon which the commission
ers forthwith adopted measures for the commence
ment of the work. A plan for the proposed buil
ding was adopted, and a contract was made with
an experienced architect and budder ler its con
struction. A considerable portion of the materials,
as I am informed, has been prnvidine • the excava
tion of the cellars and foundation ha:laeen made;
the laying of the stone masonry commenced," and
the hydraulic apparatus for raising water to the
building nearly completed. Of th appropriation
on account of this building, a warrant has been
drawn for 65000, of which only U,726 05 has been
expended. It is hoped and. believed that the work
will be forwarded with as much despatch as is con
sistent with prudence and a proper regard ter the
comforts and restoration of afflicted insane poor.
By the act of the 4th of May, 1841, entitled "Art
act to provide revenue to meet the demands on the
Treasury and for other purposes" certain banks
were authorized to subscribe for a loan to the Com
mon wealth, - to an amount equal to a fixed per oen
taee therein stated, on their respective capitals;
the amount of such loan to be placed in the Treas
ury for the -use thereof, in notes of said banks, of
the denomination of one, two, and fire dollars. By
the terms of the law, the loan was redeemable at
any time within five years,' and was peremptory
that it should be paid, and the notes authorized to
be issued, withdrawn from circulation op or before
tt e 4th day of May 1346. The act also provided
. that the banks issuing said notes should • receive
them at par value in payment of debts doe these in
stitutions. It was thought, that by making theirre
demotion dependent on the faith of the State, as
well as on. that of the banks by which they were
issued, a safe and reliable currency would be large
ly benefitted.by a loan at one, instead of five pa;
cent., as on erevions Oecesione.
The notes thus issued, were substantially the
creatures of the banks. They constituted a loan to
PUBLIMD EVERY WEDNESDAY, AT TOW A, BILMORD COtTNTI, PA., 'BY E.
.:O
tt REOLItpLEgit or DZSi7NCLITION Ailr7
t the Cernmonwealth, were require& to be paid in
the Treasury in the wanner prescnbed in the law,
and were redeemable at their par Value at the.coun
tem of the banks.: and thecircurnstauce of the faith
of the Sane in mainline to that of the. 'banks, being
pleged ler their redemption, could not raise a ra
tional doubt of their constitutionality. flow far a.
subsemient act, parsed toe 31st day of May, 1844,.
by relieiting the banks frrim all responsibility touch
ier, theieredempnon and payment, thereby making
there an issuer:to the part of the Commonwealth,
redeemable at the Treasury alone, contravened the
Constitution of the United States, it iS not necessa
ry now to decide. •
Under the provisions of the original act of the
4th of May, 1841, the amount of notes issued was
two millions two hundred and twenty thoutand two
bondred and sixty-five dollars, which was specifi
catty appropriated to the support ofther , overnment
during the year, the payment of debts', and other
special purposes therein mentioned. Within two
years thereafter, the sum of one hundred and thirty
live thousand two hundrej and fourteen dollars of
said issue was funded by the banks and converted
intopermanent loans at five per cent. By a resell/eon
of the 6th of Feb., 1843, and the act of the 6th of
April of the same year i six hundred and eighty-two
thousand eightyseven dollars were cancelled and
rlestroyett. The act of May 31st, 1844, is as
fol
lows : " That the State Treasurer be, and he is;
hereby authorized and directed, on the last days et
June, September and December in the year one
thousand eight hundred and forty-four to cancel and
deliver to the Auditor General, for (destruction, fifty
thousand dollars, ar.d on the day of March,
June, September and December in every year
thereafter, fifty thousand dollars °lithe notes issued
by the Banks of ibis Commonwealth, in pursuance
of the act of the 4th of May, one thousand eight
hundred - and forty-one, that may then be in the
Treasury—and if said notes ahall be depreciated,
then of the most depreciated—and continue so to
do, until the whole amount of the notes legally is
sued, by the Banks as aforesaid, shall have been
cancelled and destroyed ; and the amount deposit.
ed to the credit of the Commonwealth, in Banks or
Savings Institutions, or received by collectors on
the rail roads an&canals, or by the Treasurer of the
City and, County of Philadelphia, shall be deemed
as money in the Treasury, and subjected to the cin
cellation, as aforesaid; and it shall be the duty of
the Auditor General to keep and publish quarterly,
in at least one newspaper at Harrisburg a record
of the notes so cancelled and destroyed, designat
ing the bank or banks that origarrally issued the
same, in order that the one per centom interesti
thereon may cease : provided, that it shall be the
duty of the State Treasurer to rstain the several
amounts respectively, out of the receipts of the
quarter , so as effectually to secure the cancellation
of the amounts hereinbefore provided ; and the sum
of one-hundred and sixty thousand do'lars is here-
by appropriated for the• payment of domestic credi
tors' certificates issued by the Auditor General ;
provided, that there is sufficient money in the Trea
sury after paying the several other appropriations
in this art.'
' It was doubtless the !Mennen of theslk-latine,
that the sum of fifty thousand dollars should be.de
stroyed quarterly. Under this act the sum of one
• hundred thousand dollars was cancelled in 1844:
' i the further sum of eighty-five thousand dollars in
1815—the further sum of one hundred and seventy
six thousand three hundred dollars in 1846—one
hundred and fifty thousand dollars in 1847, and one
hundred and eighty-nine thousand in 1848.
The followins e tabular statement will exhibit with
more clearness the whole subject in relation to the
issues and cancellation of these notes :
Original am't. of relief notes issued :2,220.265 00
Amount funded 135.214 00
Cancelled in 1843 by virture of the
resolutio f n of February 6, and Act
of April 8, 1843
Cancelled in 1844, under the act of
May 31, 1844 ICO,OOO 00
Cancelled in 1845, under act of 1844 65,000 00
Cancelled in 1846, under do 176,300 00
Cancelled in 1847, under do UO,OOO 00
Cancelled in 1848, under •do 169,000 00
Leavir , g apparently in circulation
on the 31st December, 1848 702,664 00
The first failure to comply with the
act of Assembly, requiring the cancel
lation of these notes, was prior to, or
on the 31st of Dec. 1844.
The amount directed to
be cancelled in 1844
and 1845, and wbiblt
was not eotte, was $165 : 000
The amount of failure to
cancel in 1846, was
The arimunt of failure to
cancel in 1847, was
The amount of fulinre to
cancel in 1848, was
$452,964 OD
It is worthy of remark, that had the cancellation
of the notes been mßde, as required by law, less
t .an half a million of the original issue would now
be in existence, a large portion Of which has, doubt
less, been mislaid and lost. It will be perceived
also, that the act requires the destruCtion of the
most depreciated. In using this term, the legisla
ture most have intended t hose most defaced. The
laws on the subject of these notes, having pledged
the faith of the State for their redemption, it is not
readily seen how they could become depreciated
in value, while on the. other hand, many of them
had became defaced torn and unfit for use. At the
passage of the art of 'May S lat, 1844, about fourteen
hundred thousand dollars of this issue were in cir
,culation, and as it required the cancellation and de
struction of two hundred thousand dollars per an
num only, it prolonged the period of Weir circula
tion to seven years, wen by the anginal act of
May, 4th, 1641, but two years remained of the pe
riod of their duration. To the act of May 21st, 1844,
is attributable, therefore, the continuance in circa
lation of these notesi after they bad become torn,
defaced and. unfit for use. -The original act, had it
not boen counteracted by subsequent legislation,
provided the necessary means fox the redemption
of these notes, though the banks, on or before the
4th day of -May, 1846, and the failure to destroy
them, as-required by the act of 31st-of May. 1844,
clearly demonstrates that'ihe treasury has not been,
since then, in a condition to reps, the loan-or re
deem the notes. Hence, they have continued in
circulation s have been paid into your-public offices,
and again paid out of the treasury, until they are
wholly unlit as a currency for the citizens. The
amount now in circulation as resigned to be about
six hundred thousand do llars. Wis respectfully
suggested, that the worst of these notes,'ai they
are paid into 'the treasury, should be retaied, and
in their stead, an equal amount of new notes, of the:
same denominatious, under an arrangement with
any of the banks of this Commonwealth, be put in
to circulation for a period of time, so long as may
be required by the quarterly destruction of fifty
thousand dollars, to absorb the whole amount of the
issue. A measure of this character would relieve
the currency of those unfit Its use and have the
effect,. in 'a short lime, Of putting the whole issue
out of circulation. I weuld -earnerali rem upon
Lthe legislature the rimer of such laws as woAld
prohibit, iniheir mutilated and .defaterretmditiorn
their payment firmi theiteasury. Should it he deem
ed ,a more desirable cow : sell) rid the .conetui of
the entire issue by a loan, it might Le a fair Cimrli
lion of the react al of charter . of 'MI trh.l:. at
the present session, that it make a loan at a kw .
rate of interest to the government, to be used in re
deeming and CAncelling the whole, or such a part
as might.be &eh:lett advisable. Any arrangement
on the sobjeci you may devise, 'to relieve the peo
ple of this-currency . : shall receive my cordial ap
probation:.
The payment,of the ititerest....on the public debt
in a goeitti coliveitible currency, is of great moment
to the credit of the Crate. This demand on the
treasury has lterAtobre, to large extent, been made
by payMents in depreciated paper, by which the
holders of State bonds have suffered pecuniary
loss.
An evil of thik niture demands 'a
speedy anti ef
fectual remedy. The relief notes, originally inten
ded to be temporary in their existence and local in
their cirenlation, should not be forced from their le
gitimate purpose, or paid from the treasury in dis
charge of the interest of the public debt.
No great inconvenience could be felt in withhold
ing an amount so small as their present circulation
from such application. To secure and object so de
sirable, the revenues of the State should be collect
ed in such funds only as admitted of ready conver
tibility into specie withqut less tribe treasury. The
relief notes, as well as the note's of all specie-pay
ing banks of this Commonwealth, should be re
ceived in payment of public dues, while other rei
per money, under par, at the place designated for
the payment of interest on the public debt, should
be refusal, unless, upon notice to that effect of the
State Treasurer, arraugemeuts by the Banks issuing
the same were made to redeem it at such point as
he might designate. The State Treasurer should
be authorized to require of those specie paving
Bank'', whore notes might be ander par at the place
of pal ing the interest, to make arniugewent to re
deem their notes at par , at the point designated, and
on their failure to comply, to demand specie funds
at their counters, It is believed that art arrange
ment of the kind so,avgested would materially aid
in rendering the note.-tof all the solvent Banks in the
Commonwealth of equal value in all parts of the
State, would increase their general circulation
among the citirens, pink feud to exclude the depre
ciated paper of foreign institutions. A measnre
valuable for these purposes, which would give is
creased worth to our stocks, and enable the State
more faithfully to comply with her contracts, is wor
thy the serious consideration of the Legislature.
Intimately connected 'with the ' , abject of our pub.
lic debt, are the assessment and collection of the
taxes. The laws on this important - branch of the
revenue, require to be remodelled and arranged in
such form as !o insure, equality and' uniformity in
the several comities of the State. The manner of
adjusting and equalizing the valuation of property
for taxation is a concern of deep interest to the peo
ple, and should, as far as possible, be left in the
hands of their immediate representatives. Asses
sors, it is suggested, should be required, in the ex
ercise of their duties, to make return in a full and
accurate statement of the various products of Farms
and Manufsterrier; of the kind, Waste 'and amount
of the supposed annual value of the productive in
dustry of each district; of .he amount and nature of
the location and general trade and business, with
lire manner and cost of teaching the nearest mar
ket, and the value of the article in market, at the
nearest point to the district. Should an annual
statement of this nature be deemed too expensive
for prettiest utility. a triennial retam might answer
the purpose intended. Returns of a nature so ge
neral, of the resources and active industry of the
State, while it WOcild afthrd valuable information
to the public officer, would place before him such
facts as would enable him to detect gross errors in
the uniformity of the assessments; and would leave
in the hands Of the - bflieei elected by the people,
the duty of valuing and taxing their
. property, in
stead of casting a labor so important auto the care
of irresponsible Boards.
The importance of legislative action on the sub
ject is enhanced by the fit, that an examination
of the oriimary revenues and expenditures for the
last new years, furnishes evidence that the necessi
ties of the treasury recinire increased rsonrcert.. A
statement from the auditing department is as fol
lows:
682,087 00
51,517,601 00
23,700
50 ; 000
11,000
e-249,700 00
==
Ordinary Revenue and ,Expenditaret of the Com.
nuenuvalth of Pernfsyloarna, for the
penods herein dated.
• Rev I Exp.lEx of Rev Ex-of Ex.
"Revenue for the year '45. Wun.crit Id . °
• 'Expel.llium*, 3.176 th+ 2.•
--
"Excess of Expendttures 164.657 10
Revenue for the ) cur - 44 3 4.7444 49
Expenditures, 3.461.144 71
---
..Exeetut of re. 826.737 7E
...venue lis yes, f the ye 47 3.744.509. Itt
e
t t z
" peoditunee, `:14:17 641 t...
F.xeess of revenue 317,107 06
" Reveuue tor the year '4B, 3.671.997 R
"Ex petadi'. urea, 3 744 AG a,
- Excess of .Ltpciaditures
. 343 905 713 250,56146
250.556 46
7 --.--- 7.349 361
" Excess of rev. fit 4 years,
" Expenses of the public works considered as
ordinary, notwithstanding much of the amount is
really extraordinary ; but as an offset to this, the,
tax un real and personal estate, received daring
each year, is more than the assessment of a year,
the excess being from outstanding taxes of previous
years."
The hal:sloe in the treasury on Dee.
let 1841, was
Balance iu the treasury, Dec. Ist,
1838, eras
Deficit in balance in treating in 4 yin.
Had the law of May 91st, 1844 been
complied with by the cancehation
of the relief issues, the additional
`charge would have. been made
on the treasury of
Which added to the above deficit.
makes
Deduct excess of apparent revenue
Real deficit under existing laws, 6248,912• l 6
in four years, exclusive of extraordinary expenses.
The operation of lases. on the pert of the national
government, framed With a view to the assessment
of duties and omeedation of revenue, is I subject
setion:-Iy ,affecting The finances of the Conmzon
wealth. No State ht the Union depends in a grea
ter degree on the Ardvantages of wholesotne enter
prise, and the safe employment of capital, on the
stability and agency of laws 'Wording-. tameable
protection to domestic industry.
,Oar mountains,
filled with rich deposites of iron and coal, invite
the manufacturer to employ his, skill and capital in
these commodities, and when they are in demand,
the whole productive businesit ofthettale prospers. •
No interest feels the pressure of foreign competi
tion more keenly, none require more certainly the
fostering 'care of governmerkurote spreads tow lar
ger extent the olive industry: Of ell tehweesof cid=
toms,: than the peeuliar manufeetnting.setatilish
ments of our-own State. , The symegt. established ,
by the act of Congress of 1816, ts framed for The
purpose of revenue r and discrimieatesagniost adz-
EMS
MI nit GOODRICH.
. .
eriltart 4 fai; protectioe.' The `bniircl 'a - Sucle'laSire' and dri - the streainVof prier; erey in every tranih
would nettles ily be. it continiett,. to! , sitike.dikrri . of industry. - - • "
the weenies-lutes, runt to.tleorese• exery inteteet• ' slrelionta snotebte foresetete thee:therelkithslete
übtch duectly mr incidentally teaits,meliin fur i t tip. • .„ wealth of a Sratettenesis eau the prlitablesinthiiiig4
port. ,„ , _ :led capietisofthe citizens.. • Whiceeestentiettbetee •
Oithe Interred: , tavoribly afihei.4 tie' tliC stab flee, es prostrate individual presperity. Id diminiels -
liehment of menntemeries, none tleettge more me I thevalue•ot praline. 'to injure sprodnetive• labels ex
pecial notice than the laboring autipeetecilerelues to thisie Item whole:some irereetment 'thee Money
see These cputpose the w-eat tai rsa I
z pf.our,,pepti e eel - titer of the couture strikes With alarming knew' ,
lation„ and i aide
n all respects dialer an n/ y lion/ the abbe beetaneressa et' couture,
State. The •revereeesste
same claeses in other teninirieit. He they 'ere ti, the-Commenweelth- are derived principally/4min s '
part - of the government it-elf, and cis each airef.re- re:d turd personal - *Ante, 'met Mom our trait - made,
qnently required, •in the.excrei-e of . the Elective. said canata. In relation to the • Rimer, iemay - tme :
Francluee, to decide qnestioise the. most mome 1
e- said. th at every dollar ehipped for the pinehnei bf
tons, affecting even the stability - and duration of • fine - eel Wiriest tliminishes'• their taint.' depresees `•
our tree institutions. In the form:ether tit the'grivel the home meiket, reduces` the pear s of the m e te.
eminent under u Ilea they live, theyweeesa min- cer; and hence lessens the amount neetsienise . pifd
poneut of the sovereig n ty which had wrested _hem I I into the treasury. Capital itirested in the meting • .
a foreign power the independetwe - ofthe country, t leettehee of autitufacteres, :sinks in-swine; in prre •
anti took with others an equal part -in the difficult ! portion to the depression of the tniiineee In wjueh
questions involved. To citable them lb disc-hems I die empliiyeti, and , when foreign. coinpotitinif is
in a proper meaner the duties they owe to. thel s cceseful by reason of low dinieseiit riniing Trani •
country, to others, and themselves, a portion of ; tl e home market the fabric' of the capliallet, Vie
1
their time should be given to the examination and i it ' rittment is comparatively ' valuelmse end the
considendion Of public questions. By the rervard , revenues, therefr o m are greatly reduced. The"'
DT their labor, they should be enabled to elevate profits . from our 'wetted improvements are *till
their condition in society, th command for thent. 4 more serioueiy allected. The raw material in its
Eelves and . families, out merely the necessaries, traneit to the manufactory, and the fabric tut its
but the ccenforte and even the luxuries of life—tu t way to a market, .are principally conveyed along -
give to the • n • children the benefits of reasonnfile our canals and railreinie. thereby yielding a hands
education; and to enenre a competeinv when age ' seine revenue in the., Commons earth. When,
has disqualified them for active empluaerent The therefore, the manufacturer, unprotected by. the,
price of labor is regulated by its dethand, and the llovenneto, is compelled to diecontinue his bee
value of the article 'it produces. When the de- 1 nese, 'hot only the laborer the artisan anitikesig- '
mend for labor is - small, and the produce of that riculturies but the State also is seriouely injured in, -
labor low in price, the reward of industry is gran ! the general depression of bueiness; the diminished'.
paratively reduced ; when the demand fur labor is ; wealth of the country,.and the ,rirditeed talus of
increased, it rises in value and receives ter axle- capital. . ... .
genie reward. Hence, whateter increases .proti. I The policy of giving fair andectswenible noes. .
table labor, is substantially beneficial to the work- lion to the domestic tadrettry of the country, has, .
hug Classes, and rands them the means of comfort I heretofore received a support so cordial, from wise '
the delights of rational enjoyment, and the upper- , and patriotic statesmen who have conducted*,
tunity of exalting their csielition and perfornriug 1 affairs of the national government,
as well al tholes
a
with safety to thee-wry the duties of citizeur, who have preceded me in the, adminietrationet
The manufacturer, if he be sustained in his en I this Cnnoremwealthethatt cleave r efrain
. ftern dee -
terprlse, produces this result, by opening to the. • insertion of a few extracts . from their several mes e
laborer a new source of emp cry - anent. It is fee- sage-'.
(tomtit' urged that the system CI protection 10 do - In his eiseith messaee, 'Weehineton 'deemed - it •
mestic cult} try is of mote i. tescst to the mailine- proper to bring the 'subject to the attenlioti of , Conj-
Inter than to the laborer, as.it euables bi.q to o e die. „ .
. ;
pose i f his fabrics for a higher price ,
and to 'cu , rse it C ongress have terieatedly, and , tOl . sr ee oot
a better profit on his capi at ; but is not the capital success, directed 'the, attention ics the etittottraige. •
of the laborer also involvtel in the fabric, and does ment of manufaritiree.. The objet' 1 'is of - totem's-1i ' '
he not receive a reward iu propcmiou to the value consequence not to insure a eotitinuinwe of 'theft -
of the article 1 - eflorte in every way whichsthall appear eligible,"
Let it be remembefed, also, that his daily bread The eighth a nnal messag e of Prestifietit titer."'
—the wants of his Coney—the education s of his son, contains Ore following referenceto • thessete _
children, all depend upon the success of the meats a J eri :
..
li'llment at which be is employed, and the, oh' tt Tile suspension of foreign commerce, pro
jection can hare but litte weight. lis also'nrg,ed deceit by the injusti of the beligerent powers, .
that a reduction of nominal' saint& 'to a specific, and tire, consequent losses anti sacrifices of one - •
emndard, would produce a result, requirin,e f
414 (I ° - 5 citizens, are subjects ofjnet concern.' The situa--
mestic labor, no protection on the part of govenr- eon into a inch we have thus been kneed,,lias lin
mete. A doctrine el this nature is etd___i_ca_ _LI wrong _ re li e d us t o app ly a port i on o f our .i,,,e 1 „ 4 ,. an d,
and at variance with the principles on w hich our capital to intental manufac.ures and iseprovementse
free governmsnt is founded. Brine down the The extent of this conversion is daily intermitting,'
standard of prices for labor to a specie standard ; and little doubt remains that the establiehmeuts
allow no greater reward for industry in this corm- formed and funning a ill—under .the 'auspice* of
try ihan.in England, and the working classeware cheaper materials and subsistence, the freedom, of
necessarily fumed into the condition of foreign op- 1,,b 0r f rom tax a tion vt ith us, tied of , protestiug du -
eratives, compel eel to labor constantly and dill- ties and prohibitions—become permanent."
' gently to earn for - themseleee a miserable subsis• .
Preeteent Madison calls the attinitiort of Con
tence. All the luxuries, many of the comforts, and
grmts to the eubject, in thefellowiag terms',
even the necessaries of life, must be denied to
e Although other .subjects will 3ress more. im- •
them, while the education of , their - oftspring must
mediately on your delexeneous, a' portion of them
be wholly neglected. These olserratians apply
cannot but bewell 12,eStowed on the just mid - soural . -
to the laborerseengagett in the brashness of mining,
policy of securing to our manufactures the SIX"Cf..WS
anti transporting our coal to market, as - ell as in
they hare attained and are still attaining m some
the operatives more directly employed at maim
degree, trader the impulse of causes not puma-
factor.es. After the demand for household use is
supplied, this article must seek a market in those "' en ' • 1 .
to his special _ message of Feb 20,
• .
districts of the country, where manufacturing in-
And again,
dustry abounds, and the demand for it increases or 1815 ' he ") •"' ••
diminishes in proportion to the active operations `• lint there is no subject - that rati enter with
greater fume I
stub merit ear) the deliberation of Con-
cf these establishments. Hence, ever fire. that is'
gress than a consit eration f - th means% preserve .
extinguiseed, and every wheel that is stopped,
and promote the manufact u res o
wlich have spout:,
lessens the demand for coal, decreases its value in
Into exiatence. and anaieed an unparaielledenaln
the market, and reduces the prices of labor s by mew.
seeing its value tothe owner of theartiele. When ti,le_v throughout the Uuilea lg ailkedonu g I l e ' fu rie d
to this is added the fact of comtition from abroad °‘ the European war.'- Th is source of National Ins :
dependence and Wealth, I. ansiouely hecommend;
underselling in the home mark et the domestic .ir
therefore, to the prompeand constant pulite:tad p
tittle. the occupation of the laborer is destroyed,
and the rain is complete. The revenue system •nfcculgress." .
invites such a result; while the system of discriini- r In his seventh annual sneesuse, be again Meal
eating for protection forbids it. to the subject as follows:
Other classes of society are also injuriously . or In adjusting, the defiers on imports io the object
beneficially affected, as the laws on this subject of revenue, the influence •of the tarte on the - mums
favor the one or the other policy. The agrictiltu- I factures will necessarily present itself. for timed- ' :
rise inclined to measure the general welfare by the I eration. However' wise the theory ma rite, which
prices of his produce, le to remain contented while 1 learcs to the sagacity and interests of individual',
' these are satisfactory, is required onl y the'eseteise the application of their industry and resources;
of his practical knowledge, to be 'informed, that there are in this, as in other cases, exceptions to -
he suffers also by a policy which strikes down the i the general rnle. Besides, the condition which :"
manufacturer: The home market is his only - sure the theory itself implies, of a reciprocal adoptio n
reliance. The condition of things abroad way cif- by etherealise's, experience teaches, that ao many
ford increased prices 'for the produce of his farm; circumstances must occur In c iatroducine , and
the miseries of unhappy Ireland, and the unsettled niaintaiuing manufacturing estiblishmente tepees
state of public affairs in other parts of the world dally of the more coniplicated kinds, that's court- -
may create a temporary demand for grain, And try may remain long without them, although seta
thereby augmenethe value of his productions ; but ciently advanced, and in some ressefets even per- .
it would be unsafe to depend on contingencies of tediarly.fitted for carryingthe m
. on with succees.—
this nature , over which his government ran-hare Under circumstances giving a powerful impulse
no control. t The entire produce of his lands to manufacturing industry, it 'has made among ea
whether distant °mem the foreign Market,- must a progress. and exhibited an efficiency which pat.
depend hat in uniform and fair price ou the home ily the belief, that with a protection, not more than
demand. Any other reliance is dependent on the is due to the enterprising citizens whose interests
policy of foreign governments, the convulsions of are now at stake, it will become at an early day
unsettled power, and the unfruitfulhareestsof stber not only safe against occasional competitions from
producers. abroad, bat a source of domestic wealth and even
It is not, however, in enhanced prices alone, of estates! commence. t ` ' .
that he finds his reward. In the home market he And ajain:
is his Own factor, avoids the risk of agencies, the 4- It will be an additional recommendation -Of
d angers of u uns pe r e a fi o n, a n d 'can select his own particular manufactures, where the, materials Air
ti me for, th e di s p osa l of his produce. The ma n n. them •are extensively drawn. from our r i g&
.s oc t orer carr ies t o th e mar k e t, in the ig n i te , he p ro . and coasequendyimpan and ensure to jaw
•
poses to sell, the produce cif tine farmer, who is fund of national provenly an I Independence, ii.
thereby relieved of the !maid and expense of con- encouragement which caner* fail to be awarded "
y P s resi : dent Monroe, le his first inaugural address
vrePanstber. form
he
is
ora
mom
lamely
bent,.
ra
fitted. Otte of the elements of well regulated so. " Our manufacturers . will likewise require the
catty, is unity of interest... Whatever may be said systematic and fostering cereal the government--
to the contrary, no natural antipathies exist -be. Possessing, as we do, • all the raw• materials, the. -
Preen capital and labor. _They .are dependent on, fruit of our own soil and industry, we mgla net to
I
are supported by, and receive vitality from each depend - in the degree we have done, ouslies .
other. The, manufacturer who iuv.ests uuder the from other countries. While we arethus depant, -
fostering case of government his capital in profi. the :redden event of war, unsought and unexpected,
table indenter. opens a new source of wealth to the cannot fail to plunge us into the most reviw dif.
fernier, the arizan and the laborer. P - firnlties. 'lt is important, too : that the 'capital
An industrious population, whose teward affords wbiell nourishes our manufacturers dun" be do
comfoit and competence, gathers , around him; MelltiC, as i ts inauune° lli that "vet instead es
other classes areattracted, and the storehouse, the exhausting, as it may do, in foreign harms would
workshop, the school and the church are erected - be felt advantageously on agriculture, and ,
every .
villages spring t ip: the din of active industry anti other-branch of industry . Equally important . is, re, •
to provide at home, a market for OUT raw mitten
the sound - of en' etit mingle togethetTroads
are aaanea, , laid.. are hate, hinds rise et value, als, as - by extending thecompetitiou it Will iinhanett
dm
and fernier finds a market at his door, not only the pride, •and protect the tedterot *and the
for hisOrdina I 'produce r but els f "' wall *" incident to f°lei r ' illa M et e .n
ry sum US 9 or num
beriets articles which were deemed narottliy.ol His tetcelleney, Simon anyder, Governor of this
tranaottattaa. From that overflowing roan - tam, Commonwealth, in h i s
_niter : 4e o f Dee. ISIS,
, ni s .
by an 'bundled rivulets, wealth is poured into his sayst
- - •
Uca.sury a "The subject of witutufeeteres . frerniell expel.
. . ,
These are a few of the - many adiantages of the epee daring the tesbiteise "item and 'thismaryis
• agriculturist and' the laborer, arising fittn a fair ,n ow so well understood, 'as slalom:is the ellterneus
anti - reasonable protection of the domestic ludas- • Dint) . of advantageously carrying - them our es to the
try of the ottani/. The existing revenue laws of- kind of goods whicic may be. mede',Tamitheegaditty
the national govenimene by opening putspertato ' andsleueltiliter of the articles which barn had ni.fair
' foreign manyfactures, invite the labor of the experiment attempt us { that it :is deerned 'unarm.-
wretched, starving operatives of Europe to a cone. salYth'utte argum ents in their support l'hileels
, petition wliti f this healthful a nd prosperous COlnirl. PM . Mermen!, fully aware of 'teem • -of
tionof things. • The consequeueetrameminonit to the'llabiseti will, it le eonfalentlY , folowed
drearterests al the, laboringend producing chases., ~ . (FA Aura page,) : - - •
8668,851 88
577,290 39
886,b61 09
240,700 00
336,261 46
67,349-30
. 4 1 7Aattrel . -
IIINE1=:1111=11
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