Es
1 f
VOIMIEE 7E216
TOWANDA:
alcbttesbag Mornini, ;Sarum 2, 1818
The Thefiring Passllly.
EMEM=
Our father.lives in Washington,
And has a world of cares,
But gives his children each a farm,
Enough for them and theirs,—
:Full thirty well-grown sons has he,
A numerous race indeed, -
Married 'arid' settled-all, d'ye see,
With boys and girls to feed,
Amrif we wisely till our lands,
7 We are sure to earl' s ' a living,
lt
And have a enny too to spare, •
For spend
or for giving,
A thriving! y are we, . .
No lordling need deride us,
. For we known how to use our bands,
And in our wits wt pride us ; '
Hail, brothers, hail— •
Let nought on earth divide us.
Some ofus dare the sharp north-east;
Some clover fields'are mowing;
And others tend the cotton plants '
That keep the loons a-going ;-
Some build and steer the white-wing'd ships,
• And few in speed can mate them ;
White others rear the corn and wheat,
. Or.grind the flour to freight them,
And if our neighbors o'er the sea ,
Have e'er an empty larder, 4
To send a loaf their babes to cheery
We:II work a little harder,
No old nobility have we,
No tyrant-king to ride us;
- Oar sages in the Capitol
Enact the laws that 'guide - us,
Hail, brother, hail,—
Let nought on earth divide us.
Some fau,lts we have—we can't deny
A foible, here and there ; •
• Buiotherliouseholds have thesame,
And so we'll not despair.
" 'Twill do no good to fume and frown,
And call hard names. You see,
'And 'twere a burning shame to part
So fine a family.
'Tis but a waste ofiime to fret,
rSince nature rrrade us one, o l7
: • Fo every quarrel cuts a thread
That hea4thful love has spun,
To - draw the cards of union fast,
Whatever may betide us,
' And, closer cling tlirough every blast,
For many a storm has tried us.
Hail, hail,brothp<
Let nought on earth divide us.
Lectures on •Astronosby.---No. 5.
BY PROF MR MITCHELL
This eminently distinguish and enthusiastic
k ,
astronomer, last evening, at th beginning. of the
_ final lecture of the course in this c y, said, if! could
hayschad my'clidice, I would have had the clouds
temoved•froin before the stars for one solitary night
ilunng my lectures; -at least on this the last night,
for I' wished to move out among the fixed stars ; and
as the journey is so difficuli,l would wish all pos
sible obstruction removed; but I nevertheless will
endeavor to carry you as far as the human eye,
aided by the telescope, has yet gone. Ileretofore
I have confined my remarks to oor system' and its
movements and laws, and:shown that these worlds
are movitr e . , t ht&tgh space, each subservient to the
g
stability of the rest.
) 4. 7 e are to leave this•system,
boundless as it is, and travel over distances which,-
ts the present.moment, we hate not ifixded to con ,
(Tice of I knO s tv and realize the difficulty of treat
ing of the' vast distances of these innumerable ob•
pets in such a manner as to make it distinct to the
bums,' mind ; but shall attempt to make. it, plain.
Itl should take your to Neptune, the most distant
planet yet discoveied, and from that distance look
. hack on our system, we should find the sun, which
is so brilliant, diminished to the size of Ventrs:
Do not suppose that it Ihrows out as little light as
Venus doesi , to us; do not .soppose it is dark then;
'tut even as small as it appears, it givei more light
than one hundred of our 'full Moons ; it is still day
light there. .If looking this 'way we ire this sun
appearing thus, what do we see in eastrng our eye I
in the opposite direction, directly across the mighty
gulf of-fixed stars Out unit of measure has been
the radius of the earth's *orbit around The sun; we
must now take another, and that is the distance to
the nearest fixed' star; irwe can attain this we go
on to measure the distances of.the - Ailll and sys
tems. The—first thing that is necessary is to get
the parallax of thestar, which is the apparent change
of oie. place- of the Aar ; occasioned by the real
ch4nge of place by the observer, tas may. be illus. ,
bated - by every day occurrences . on the earth.} ,
Is it possible to measure this'apparent change ire
• the fixedstars? If voie can do this vve caret:hen
sure the distance. The objectors
,to the Coperni
can system-said the earth could not move around
the sun, its axis in any part of its orbit being par
allel to what it is in any other, for 6 this Muer is ,
its poles would mark out efrc - les among Shed
the fixed stari corresponding to that of the earth's
orbit.
Instead of having the pore of -the earth always
directed to one point in the Heavens, the pole must
Mark ont. &circle among the fixed stars two hun
dred millions of miles in diameter. But as the.
earth dfes strove, its whOle orbit must shrink to
a mere poirft when viewed from the nearest fixed
star. When the nkescopes.and otheriinstruments
were invented by which delicate .measures could
be obtained, then agutin the mind attempted to trav
el out to the fixed stars. For the purpose of dis
covering the distance 'to the- stars by rally sup
pose a hole dug in a splid rock, and a - tele.scope
fixed therein, pointing vertically to the Heavens;
and across the tube Hai of a spider's web (.sac;
as are used by astronomers, and which may be
considered almost as mathematical lines,)-be plac
ed crossing each- other at the centre, and Suppose,
'lle exact point among the stars this intersection
111 tits,out at any onetime be . reeorded, sup;
rase at a time any star is vertical the time be're
corded, then another day, at the: same moment r the
t une star be: vertical; and then an another and so
ou through 'the whole 30. If it is the same there
no change ; but if during the year the star de
,
:T11: . r.. 'BRADFORD: 'REPO.L:TE"::--
scribes a small revolution in orbit, then that circle
is the parallax of the star. This is exactly the
course which he noticed moved, bat not so as to
indicate its parallax.
It was apparently moving, it was true, but this
apparent motion was caused by the motion of light
and that of the earth forward in its orbit—called
the aberition of light.' Hd also discovered that the
axis of the earth was not at all times parallel, and
from these two great discoveries resulted the dis
covery of the distance of the fixed stars.
We now come to the second great effort of as
tronomers for the discovery of the parallax. Gal
ileo with his telescope attempted this; when the
stars were examined there were sometimes seen
together two, three, four, six, or so thick that they
were in clusters. - Now. Galileo thought that these
were together only optically, one being double the
depth in space the other was; the light from the
• most distant passing close by the other. He thought
this would be a guide for the discovery in question.
If I occult, or hide, an object behind me, and it
comes out first on one sidesand. then' on the other
it will represent these stars. It was thus the prob-
lem of the parallax was predicted by Galileo. Her
schell took up the case of these binary 'stars, show
' ed how the parallax and the precession of the equi
noxes,Jthe mutations, thb notations, and aberrations
would all follow from this discovery.
Did he succeed ? No. He found—and here he
was amply rewarded—that these binary stars were
moving, both about a common centre of gravity.
Was it possible that these stars were ever gw:emed
by the same law that governs this system / These
announcements filled the astronomical world 'with
wonder. If these state were really suns, binary in
their motion, then was astronomy just commenced.
How difficult then votild it i be to compute the or
bits of these binary srins • ! It • was undertaken.—
What law governed their movements'! The law of
gravitation was applied, and it:was sound that this
law was applicable, and it was found that We conid
.predict with certainty their orbit's and places as well
as those of our system. To proceed with the his
tory of the discovery when this plan failed, it was
thought all was lost ; 'but the skill of the astrono
mer was not exhausted---it was found that the mi
eromet& woyild not measure great distances as well
as it would small. Fraueuhofer made one that
would alike measure both great and small distan
ces, Which he called a heliometer. It was placed
in the hands of Bessel, a distinguished astronomer
of Konigsberg.
Besse' was urged to undertake this problem of
the parallax. Might he not.make a choice of some
particular star What was to guide him? By com
paring the fixed stars as now seen, with the places
which they formerly . occiipied, it was discovered
they were not fixed; a great change had taken
place since the time Hipparchtts ; in later times it
became manifest that hot a single star was #bso
lutely flied. But it the stars were all in motion,
might not the sun be so too. Therefore, the change
of the stars might be occasioned by the movement
of the sun forward through space. Here, then, was
one ground for selecting a star; the one that moves
the fastest must be the nearest.
Again : lie would take a double star. 'He con
sequently took No. 6t of the Swan. He marked
its position thoroughly. He referred it to one per
pendicular to this, and also - to one in the prolonga
tion of the line which joined those two. A year of
unintermining observation passes round ; he notes,
all the changes, and eliminates all those for which
causes can apply, and still he finds something left
for that of the earth in its orbit.
He waits another year without making known
the result; again the result is the same, but still he
ntakestio announcement of the discovery •; he waits
and observes another year, Bald mother after moth
er, and finds The same result as in the preceeding
year—there can . be no mistake—the parallax is
discovered, and,
t he fact =nuanced ! But how
measure it ? If s teak of millions of miles you are
lost; let us use another unit of measure. Light
moves twelve million of miles itt a minute ; at this
velocity it would take ten long years for light to'
come from this star—[making the distance over
63,000,000,000,000 of miles.}
Now, if you have got here with-me, we will pro
ceed further into space. Since I have reached this
city, I have received a letter from Prof. Struve, pf
IfOrpat, communicating the information that he hag
recently discovered the
- parallax of seven new stars.
The distance of none can be less than that of 61 in
the Swan. So soon as we obtain the radius to the
nearest star, the question. arises whether they
scattered equally through all space, or whether
there is'any law.regulating the clusters?
.If we look out on a clear night we see a belt esti
ed the milky way sweeping all around, forming a
circle, and studded with stars. Let us see if we
can circumscribe its bounds ; in order to do this it '
is necessary to explain what is meant by the space
penetrating power of the telescope. If the pupil of
the eye' is expanded to twice its dimensions, the
eye' could penetrate twice as far. We Carriseesuirs
of the sixth magnitude with the eye akine, and
these' are, twelve times as distant as those of the
first magnitude; therefore, if the pupil of the eye
is increased to twice its size we can go tiventy
four tithes beyond the nearest stars; but this can
he done by the telescope by approximation, by the
pupil of the object glass. To illustrate, suppose an
indefinite plane and , poles placed at the distance of
successive miles, each bearing a boatd, on which
are placed different sizes of type, such that I can
rgad the second, though not the third. With a
more, powerful glass I can read the third, but not
the fourth, &c.
In ibis way .we - can tell one distance beyond
what we can distinctly see, and tints tell vs the ra.
dies of the mighty circle in which we are moving
through space. Would I could take,this audience
with me this evening to examine these things, as
I have, through the instrument which I command;
but it is separated from us by tob great a distance.
Herschel! begins his observations in the sword
handle of Perseus, upon a small tuft as it were—a
PUBLISHED EVERY WEDNESDAY, AT TOWANDA, BRADFORD COUNTY, PA., BY E. {I'MEARA GOODRICH.
U REGARDLESS OF DENITRCIATION FROM ANY RUMMER."
Slight haze—and finds the spot visible and the stars
distinct, and behind this another hazy appearance :
he takes up another glass, which renders this haze
distinct, but reveals still beyond this another haze,
and behind this still another; he then takes up the
forty foot telescope, and finds the whole pure blue
of the heavens studded with diamond points; and
with what pleasure did I sweep out on the pure
blue of the heavens into the mighty depth beyond
the milky. way ! It is found that there are five hun
dred stars, each beyond the other as far as the near
est is from us. [The last must then be at least
over thirty thousand millions of millions of miles
distant]
Next to the milky way, the object is to find what
is beyond. Is there anything beyond? Have we
reached the end? No; it we were there we should
find 10,000 mighty island universes beyond, whose
suns must be at least 1000 millions, and can we
take in all these and tell their places? It is found
that we can.
Lord Rosse'p 54 feet telescope showed one from
which it must have taken light 60,000 years to wing
its tight to us. If we take up this star which thus
AhrOws light on Lord Rosse's telescope, and place
it back in space so far that its dim haze could but
just be perceived, how far is it them! Thirty mil
lions of years woiild have to roll round before light
from this star could reach our earth.
Such are the distances of these bodies ; we had
them in rings, present;ng .a fringed appearaUce,
and in aU fantastic shapes, and all under the same
law of gravity, and perfectly stable, by the action
of each upon all the other stars under the law of
gravity. ,
We find these mighty clusters and island uni
verses are not placed according to any regular law
—the principal stream of these clusters is moving
in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the
milky way itself. Some move about each other,
two in the constellation Hercules performing a re
volution once in 37 years, others in the northern
crown once in 42 years, and some require 20,000
years•to make a revolution. Go now to the quad•
Triple stars in Lyra, here there are two revolving
around each other in 100 C years, and there two,per
forming a like revolution in 2000 years, while both
of these couplets are making a revolution about a
common centre, (at the same time that they are
sweeping onward through space,) which it must
require at least one million of years to complete.
What then must be our sun's revolution !
I said last winter that SLaedler, (a celebrated
Prussian astronomer, successor to Struve, at Pulk
ovaD after years of labor, after watching the stars
till he-bad computed the rates of motion of a great
many, and the direction in which they were mov
ing, found the centre about which- all the hosts of
heaven are sweeping; but though'it is not obso
letely certain that he is perfectly correct, still, as be
has at least approximated to it, we may take it as
the grand centre.
According to this computation it would take 117
millions of years to complete the orbit of the sun.
With this we, can form some idea of eternity; take
117 millions of years as a unit with which to come
back to the same place we are now. Then may
we run through infinity. We are led from this to
contemplate the infinite being who regulates all
these vast 'oodles in their endless cycles.
If you would know his glory, look to the mighty
suns above you, multiply them by the systems be
yond, which are more numerous than the stars of
system.
Then call to mind the objects which have exist
ed so long—at least 30 millions of years, else their
light had not yet reached us. All these mighty
laws which govern this vast complicated net-work
of motions are but the expression of the will of the
Almighty. Take all the force on the earth and
combine it, it cannot move the earth at all. God
has moved it 68,606 miles since I commenced
speaking—(just 60 minutes bad then elapsed.) ,
But if God has moved not only these bodies which
we behold, but all suns of all systems and held all
stable, then if there is not an• Omnipotence here it
is impossible to comprehend it. BM all these
movements are full of perturbations, all constantly
acting, and God knows that all are so arranged that
the stability is is perpetual, and that it shall never
end.
A CEMISTAIS TALE.—While the lest generation
was flourishing, there dwelt in what is now a fa
mous city not a mile from Boston, an optlent wid
ow lady, whe once afforded a queer manifestation
of that odd compound of incompatibles, called . " hu
man natute"."
It was a Christmas eve, of one of those old-lash=
Toted winters which were so bitter cold. The old
lady put en an extra shawl ; and as she hugged her
shivering frame, she said to her faithful nro se.
vent:
"It is a terrible cold night, Scip: lam afraid
My poor neighbor, widow Green, main be suffer
ing. Take the wheel-barrow, Scip. Pill it full of
wood. Pile on a good load; and te!Dthe poor wo
man to keep herself warm 'and comfortable. But
before you go, Scip, put some more wood on the
fire; and make me a nice mug of fiip:"
These last ordets were duly obeyed ; and the old
lady was thoroughly warmed, both inside and out
And now the trusty Scipio was about to depart on
his errand of mercy, when his considerate mistress
interposed again.
"Stop, Scip. You need not go nod. Thetteath
er has moderated."—Boston Recorder.
Air AssacomisTios.—" Thomas," said Vamon
Brown, to his eldest eon—bet rather aprodigal one!
—" Thomas, you are now on the eve of a• new
FZ2
" Yes," answered Thomas with asigh.
ig Well, my son," continued the father, brtniting
off a tear, "'and how do yew feel?"
" Feel, lather? Why," said Thomas, conhting
on his fingers:" three hundred and sixty-five days,
twelve hours, and forty minutes nearer salvation r'
Thomas dotlges the canc—and cuts.
Co usmodo re Paul Jones.
BY J. T. HEADLEY
DESPERATE COMBAT WITH THI, SZRAPIS
Stretching from thence along the English roast,
Jones cruised about for awhile, and at - length fell
in with the Alliance, which had parted compank
with him a short time previous. •With this vessel,
the Pallas and Vengeance, making, with the Rich;
ard, four vessels, he stood to the north ; when, on
the afternoon of Sept. 23d, 1779, he saw a fleet of
forty-one sails, hugging the coast. This was the
Baltic' fleet, under the convoy of the Serapis, of for
ty-one guns, and the Countess of Scarborough, of
twenty guns. Jones immediately issued his orders
to formlMe of battle, while with his ship he gave
chase. The convoy scattered like wild pigeons,
and ran for the shore, to place themselves under
the protection of a fort, but the two war-ships ad
vanced to the conflict.
It was a beautiful day, the wind was light, so that
not a wave broke the smooth surface of the sea,
and all was smiling and tranquil.on the land, as the
hostile forces slowly approached each other. .The
piers of Scarborough were crowded with spectators,
and the old promontory of Flamborough, over three
miles distant, was black with the multitude assem
bled to witness the engagement. The breeze was
so light that the vessels approached each other
slowly, as if reluctant to come to the mortal strug
gle, and mar that placid scene and that beautiful
evening with the sound of battle. It was a thril
ling spectacle, those bold ships with their sails all
set, moving sternly up- to each other. At length
the cloudless sun sunk, behind the hills, and twi
light deepened over the waters: The next moment
the full round moon pushed its , broad disk above
the horizon, and shed a flood of light over the tran
quil waters, bathing in her soft beams the white
sails that now seemed like gently moving zlouds
on the deep.
The Pallas stood for the Countess of Scarborough,
while the Alliance, after having also come within
range, withdrew and took np a position where she
could safely contemplate the fisht. Paol Jones,
now to his element, paced the deck to and fro, im
paient for the contest ; and at length approached
within pistol shot of the Searpis. The latter was a
new Ship, with an excellent crew, and throwing,
with every 'broadside, seventy-five pounds more
that the Richard. Jones, however, rated this light
ly, and with his old, half-worn out merchantman,
closed fearlessly with his powerful antagonist. As
he approached the latter, Captain Pearson hailed
him with 44 What ship is that ?" '• I can't hear
what you say," was the reply. " What ship is
that !" rung back, " answer immediately, or I shall
tire into you." A . shot from the Richard was We
signifiCant answer, and immediately both vessels
opened their broadsides. Two of the three eigh
teen pounders of the Richard burst at the first fire,
anti Jones was compelled to close the lower deck
ports, which were not opened again during the ac
tion. This was an ominous beginning, for it redu
ced th 4 force of the Richard to one third below that
of the Serapes. The broadside now became rapid,
presenting a strange spectacle to the people on
shore : the flashes of the guns amid the cloud of
smoke, followed by the roar that shook the coast,
the dim moon-light, serving to but half reveal the
struggling vessels, conspired to render It one of ter•
ror and of dread. The two vessels kept moving
along side, constantly crossing each other's track ;
now passing each other's bow, and now the stern ;
pouring in such terrific broadsides as made both
friend and foe stagger. Thus fighting and man- -
cevering, they swept onward, until at length the
Richard got foul of the Serapis, and Jon 6 gave or
ders to board. His men drere_repidseit and Capt.
Pearson hailed him to know if he had struck. " I
have not yet begun to fight," was the short and
stern reply •of Jones; and backing his topsail! ) •
while the Serapis kept full, the vessels parted, and
again came alongside, and broadside' answered
broadside with fearful effect. But Jones soon saw
this mode of fighting would not answer. The su
periority of the enemy in weight of metal gave him
reit advantage in this heavy cannonading ; espe
cially as his vessel was old and rotten, whilst eve
ry in that of his antagonist was new end
stanch; and 0) he determined to throw himself
aboard of the enemy. In doing this, he fell off far
ther than he intended, and . his vessel catching a
moment by the jig-boom of the Serapis, carried it
away, and the two ships swung close alongside of
each other, head and stem, the muzzles of the guns
touching. Jones immediately ordered them to be
lashed together, and in his eagerness to secure
them, helped with his own hand to tie the lashings.
Captain Pearson did not like this close fighting, for
it destroyed all the advantage his superior sailing
and heavier guns gave him, and IN) let drop an an-
chor to sewing his ship apart. But the two vessels
were firmly clenChed in the embrace of death ; for,
added to all the lashings, a spare anchorof the Ser. -
apis halt hooked the quarter of the Richard, so that
when the former obeyed her cable, and swung
round to the tide; the latter e*ung also. Finding
that be could not unlock the desperate embrace is
which his foe had clasped him, the Englishman
again opened his broadsides. The action• then be.•
came terrific : the guns touched muzzles; and the
grinners, in ramming home their eatridges, were
compelled frequently to thrust their ramrods into
the enemy's ports. Never before had an Finglist
commander met such a foeman nor fought such a
battle. The timber rent at every explosion ; and
huge gape opened in the sides of each vessel, while
they trembled stench discharge as if in the mouth
of a volcano. With his heaviest grins bunted, and
part of his deck blown Ltp,' Jones still kept op this
unequal fight, vrtdi a bravery unparalleled in naval
Warfare. He, with his own hands, helped to work
the guns;• and blackened with powder and smoke,
moved abate among his men with the stem expres
sion never to yield, written on his delicate features
in lines , not to be mistaken. To compensate for
the superiority of the enemy's guns, he had to dis-
.4. '
charge his own with greater rapidity, so that after
a short time they became so hot that they bounded
like mad creatures in their fitstenings, i ; and at eve
ry discharge the gallant ship tremble(' like a unit
ten ox, from kelscin to crosstrees, and keele3 over
till her yard-arms almost swept the *:tor. hi' the
meantime his topmen didlerrible execution. Hang
ing amid the riwing, they dropped hand-grenades
on the enemy's .decks with fatal precision. One
daring fellow walked out on the ehd of the yard
with a bucket full of these missiles hi' his hand. and
hurling them below finally set fire ter the head of
cartridges. Thr blaze and explosion which fotlon .
ed were terrifiel;
_arms and legs went heavenward
together, and nearly sixty men were killed Or
wounded by this sudden blow. They succeeded
at length in driving most of the enemy below deck.
The battle then presented a singular aspect : Jones
made the upper deck of the Serapis too hot for the
crew, while - the latter tore her lower decks so dread
fully with her broadsides, that his men . could not he
there a moment. Thus they fought One above and
t he other beneath, the blood in the Meantime flow
ing in rills over the decks of both. Ten times Was
the Scraps on fire, and as often we're the flames
extinguished. Never did a man .4truggle braver
than the English commander, but a still braver heart
opposed him.; At this juncture the Alliance came
Op, and instead of pouring her broadsides into the
Serapis, hurled them against the . Poor Richard.-
now poor indeed ! Jones was Ma transport of rage,
but lie could not help himself.
In this awful crisis, fighting by the light of the
guns, for the smoke had shut out that of the moon,
the gunner and carpenter both rushed up t'eclaring
the ship was sinking. The shot-holes. which had
pierced the hall of the Richard between wind and
water had already sunk below the surface and the
water was pouring in like,a torrent. The carpen
ter ran to pull down the colors, which were 'stall-ly
ing amid the smake of battle, while the genner
cried, " Quarter, for God's sake, quarter." Still
keeping up this cry, Jonesliuded a pis ul which
he had just fired at the enemy, which fractured his
skull, and sent him headlong down the hatch way.
Captain Pearson hailed to know if he had struck,
and was answered by Jones with a No," accom
panied by an oath, that told that, if he could do no
better, he would go down With his colors flying:—
The master-at arms hearing the gunner's cry, and
thinking the ship was going to the' bottom, released
a hundred English prisOners in the Juid4 of the
confnsion. One of these, passing through be fire
to his own ship, told Captain Pcaason that the
Richard was sinking and if wadi' hold out a few
moments longer, she must go down. Imagine the
condition of Jones at this minter; with every bat
tery, silenced except the one at which he still sthod
unshaken, his ship, gradually settling beneath him,
a hundred prisoners swarming his deck, and his
own consort ranking him with her broadside, his
last hope seemed to expire. Still he 'would not
yield. His officers urged him to surrender, while
cries of (miter arose on every side. Undismayed
and resolute to the last, he erdered the priSoners to
the pumps, declaring if they refused to work he'
would take thena' to thh bottom with him. Thus
making panic fight panic; he confirmed the confliet.
The spectacle at this moment was awful : both ves
sels looked like *reeks, and both were on firer
The flames shot heavehivand around the masts of
the Serapis and at length, at half-past ten, she
struck. For a ferne the inferior officers did not
know which bad yielded, such a perfect tumulthad
the 'fight become. - For three hours and a half had
this incessant cannonade, within yard-arm and
iyaril-arm of each other, continued, piling three
dead and wounded men on those shatter
ed decks. Nothing but the courage, and stern re
solution of Jones never to serren`der saved him from
defeat.
When the molting dafted the ten tlontme
Richard presented a mott deplorable appearance:
she lay a complete wreck on the sea, riddled thro'
and literally stove to pieces. There were six feet.
of water in the bold, while' above she wal on fire
in two places. Jones put forth every effort to save
the vessel in which he had won such renciowni but
in - vain. fie kept het. afloat all the following day
and night, but next morning she was found to be
going. The waves rolled through her; she sway
ed from side to side, lying like a dying man, then
gave a lurch forward, and went down bead fore
most. Jones stood on the deck of the English ship
• and watched her as he would a dying friend, and
funilly, with a swelling heart, saw her last Mast dis
appear, and the eddying waves close, with a rush
ing sound, over her as she sunk with the dead who
had so nobly fallen on her decks. The 7 could
have wished no better coffin or burial.
Capt. Pearson was made aknight, for the bravery
with which he had defended his ship. When it
was told to Jones, he *thingly remarked .that if he
ever aught him at sea again lie_ would make a
lord of him.
•
Landahs, of the Alliance, who have evidently de
signed to destroy Jona, then take the English ves
sel, and claim the honor and the victory, Was dis
graced for his conduct.•. Pranklin could not conceal
his joy at the result of the action, and received the
heroic Jones with transport.
The remainder of this year mei one of annoy
ance to Jones. Landais continued to give him iron.
ble, and the French government constantly put
him off of his requests to be famished with a ship.
But at lenglit the Alliance, which had borne such a
disgraceful part in the engageineht with the Sera
pis, ads placed under his command and he deter
mined to return to America. But he• lay wind
bound for some time in the Texel, while ari Eng
lish squadron guarded the entrance of the port.--
During this delay he was subject to constant annoy.
ance from the Dutch Admiral cf the port. The
ter inquired whether his vessel was . French Or Ame
rican; and demanded if it was French, that he
should hoist the national colors, and if American
that he should leave immediately. Jones would
bear no flag but that of 143 adopted country, and
practised to depart, notwithstanding the presence
of t e English .squadron watching tor
ment the wind would permit. At
all patience with the conduct of the
ral, he coolly sent. word to him that,
commanded a siNtyziont, if the two
nut at sea. his insolence would not
velment. „,
.1
'llll6 wind' "finally shifting, he hoted sail, and
with the ,aripes Heating in the bree 4e, stood fear
lessly out of the harbor. With his usual good luck,
he escaped the vigilance of the Eng ish squadron,
cleared the channel, and with all hi trails set, and
ender a - shergering breeze,:' stretc led away to-
wards the Spatash coast. Nothing if consequence
rreurred during this cruise, and the next year we
find him again an ; Paris, and in hot tvater respect
ing the infanioeS Latalais. whom Asiltur Lee, one
of the American' Commissioners, a . l'ariA, prestan- -
ed to' favor. At length, however, ht wet appoint
ed tattle Ariel, and ordered to leav fof America,
with military shires. ht the memetrue, however,
the French king had presented hins a magnificent
sword, and - bestowed on him the cross of military
I
merit. ,
•
One the 7th of Sept. he finally put to sea, but had .. .
hardly left thecoast when the wind changed, and
i x
began to' blow . a hurricane. Jone' attempted to
tc
streh northward, anti clear the la 1, but - itt vhin.
Ile fund frimiself close' on a reef of Is, and lina
ble to carry a rag of canvas. So tAeree was the
I that althoit da blowing simplS/ on the naked
_
wind, • ..=
spars and deck; it bthied the ship waist deep in the .
sea, and she rolled so heavily, that her yards Would
frequently - be under water. Added to all the hot
root 6f his position, she began to leak, badly, while
the' pumps Wouid not w3rk. Jones heaved-the lead
with his-own hand and feend that she was -rapidly
shoaling. water. There seemed noir no way of es- -
cape, yet as a last feeble' hope he tr, go an author,
but so' fierce and wild were the what and sea, that
it did' not even' bring the At ip's. head to, anti she
kept driving broadside towards the rocks. Cable
after cable wasspliced on, yet still she surged heav
ily lan4ward. fle then cut away the foremast,
when the anchor, probably catching in a rock,
broiigftt the slap round. illiat good alicheor held like
the' hand of fate, and theagh the vessel jerked at
every blow of the billows, as if she would wrench.
everything apart, yet she stilt lay chained &aid the
chaos of eiaters.• At length' the mainmast fell
against the mizenmust ; taming that away afteS, and
the poor Ariel, swept to her deck, lay a complete
wreck on the wares. Fa this' positlen she acted
like a- matt creature, chained by the head to a ring
that no' power.cah subder. Slieleaped, and' plung
ed, and 'rolled 'from side to side,- as. if striving with
all her untamed energy to rend th link that bound
her, and madly rushed oh. the rocks, over which
the Mani' rose like the spray from the toot a a caat
met. For two days and three nigl Intiii Jones thus
meet the full terror of the tempest. Ai last it abat
ed, and he was enabled to return to pott. The
coast was strewed with wrecks, and the escape of
the' Ariel seemed almost a mirable. BlitJoheis was
on,eof those fortunate beings, whe,lever seeking the
storm and the tumult, aredefifuted filially t6' die in
their beds. • ,
Early the 'text ye.* he reached PhiladelPhia,- end
reiieireif a foes •of thanks from otigress. After
vexatious delays iai hits attempts j to -get the' ehm
mend 6f a large *Meld, he at length kilned the
French' fleet in its Apediti ; On to.the:Weat &dies.—
Peace Soon after being prObraimed;• he' returned to
Feantei and failing in a projected expedition !tithe
North West coast, sailed again for the Uhited . States ;
Congress voted - him' a gold inedali aterlie was trea
ted With distinctioh wherever 11{e, Welk • Ruling
again in his efforts' to get cornmaad 6f a large ves
sel,al he returned to France. Ye' ' had now passed
away, and Jones liiii.ferty yeati' f age. lie had
won an imperishable parne, r antP ; e tenown of his
1 0
deeds had. bee n spread thro ti h.fine the world. The
title of chevalier bed beeni alien im by the French
king, and he was` at an age when it might be' sup
posed he would repose' Oa his lau Is.
But Russia, then, at war with Turkey, sought
his services, and made brilliant.° era . ; which he at
length accepted, and prepared toldepart fee St. Pe
tersburg. On reaching Steckholni he' lband the
gulf of Bothiniasci blocked•with - ice dada' was im
possible to crass it; but impatient at thedelay,lte
detettnined to sail round the ice; teem southwiM,
the open Baltic. Hiring ali open' ixett, about thirty
feet keg, he started on his, peril Mis 'eXpedition.-- ,
KnoWing that the bowmen Wentd refuse toeccom;•
pany him, if made acquaintetrWidi his desperate
plan; he kept them in ignorance Until he got fairly
out to' sea, then he drew his- pistel, and told them
to Stretch away into the Bailie. Escaping every
danger, he at lehgt, li on the heath day reached Rev- .
el, arid set off kor .. Petersburg, amid the astonish
ment of the people, who looked upon his escape as
almost miraculous. He was received with honor
bythe EmyreSS, who immediately conferred on 14'm
the rank of rear admiral. -
In 1'792 he was taken sick at Paris, and gradu
ally declined. • He had been malting strenuous eh
forts fri behalf of the Ametidin prisoners in Algiers, -
but never livet'd to,see his benevolent plans carried
out. an the 18th July, 1792, he Made his will, and
his friends after witnessing it, badsl him good even
ing anddeparted. • His- physicianl corning soon af
ter} perceived, his chair vacant; and, going to his
bed' , foend him stretched upon t dead. A few
dais after, a.despatch was received from the Hint,
edSeres, appointing him a commissioner to treat
with Algierefor the ransom of the American pri
soners in captivity there. The National Assembly .
of France decreed that. twelve of ifs members
should assist at the funeral ceremonies of " Admi
rail Paullones," and an eulogium was pronounced
Over his tomb:
Thus died Paul Jones, at the age of forty five,
leaving a name that shall live as Jong as the Ante-
H e im navy rides on the isea.
Cosmos Bossner.—Arnong the curiosities in the ,
British Museum, is a tortoise shell bonnet, which
mile from the Nariz,, , atocs' bland, and is-as ine.
seuted to the institution by the Queen.,
GI
11
5111,* , fi0
/ iak.-
birn. the rno
ength, losing
Dittel) Admi
dthOfigh he
' vessels were
toleiated a