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Wragovo cporict.
Towanda, Wednesday, Dec. 21, 1847.
The Presidency.
Who will be the choice of the Pennsylvania De
nmeracy for President? is a question addressed ns
often, at home tuna fmm 'abroad. We are no more
capable ofanswering the irestion now,than wewere
a- year since. If we were dependent for informa
tion only upon some few papers, published in some
wileemess counties, without a circulation beyond
i:s own precincts, we might conclude, that the De
mocratic- Mess of Pennsylvania had spoken gener
ally for Hon. James Buchanan. Our means of in
formation however, repel such a conclusion, we
shall not therefor? assist to extend an impression,
. which we knows without truth. There are cer
tain papers,
distinguished for their - fealty to John
i
Tyler, and overflowing wiip admiration for men
who sustain democratic piple.s in proportion to]
their interests ; - that saw, no democracy, but in the Ta- '
rill of '42 ; that fly afrighted before a federal panic, I
as-ifchasei by a sirnooa ; there are certain papers
of this stripe, that-show the fondness of a love-sick
swain, for James BuChanan. We are glad to num
ber among them, one or•two honorable exceptions.
Usually. at this period, preceding the National
convention, the choice of Pennsylvania, is well
weertained. But little has as yet been said in pri
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miry meetings, and the true Democratic presses
are silent. There is leer of dictation abroad, than
is_Oteustomed to be practised ; the people are less
fettered by the premature action of politicians. We
are- encouraged to expect a dehision from the peo.
ple, when it cots, that will 'rebuke 'the attempt
of a ritercenaryfprets, to arrogate the right of speak
ing for them*. ,
, The-Democracy of Pennsylvania in 1844, after
the declination of Mr. Buchanan, united with great
unanimity on Wein Van Buren._ The country had
demanded his nomination so clearly, that it could
not tie mistaken; Mr. Buchanan seeing it, wisely
and generously withdrew from the contest. The dis
astrous result of " Hard cider" campaign of 1840,
were ' followed by a calm ; it was the period of
"Sober second thought," then it was that the pee
, ple, overwhelthed with a conviction of the fraud
that had been praCticed upon them, resolved to vin
dicate the men, with whom their principles had
fallen," We do not recollect ever haying seen the
Democracy more firm ; or more eager for the strife,
or more certain of a triumph surpassing in moral
greatness any the world had before witnessed, than
at this time, with Martin Van Buren as their stan
dard bearer. But the National Convention saw . fit
to affirm the decision of th 6 campaign of 1840; to
incorporate new doctrines in the Democratic creed,
and to pledge allegiance to no man, who did not
favor the southern policy: fr When the wrongs thus
inflicted on the democracy of the Ninth, are to
cease, or be atonetfor,* we know not. Tire coun
cils that prevailed inane National Convention, still
demand such a candidate as suits them, and in the
alternative pledge their united - opposition. What
shall we do ? - -:We are not asked to conciliate, or
compromise; but to surrender like a whipped cur.
, Have we' become so tame? must every honest
conviction of right be reified! Must the true hear
ted democrat cower, and become the mere vassal
of Fouthern barons ! No, we have learned a dif
ferrent lesson in the school of democracy. '
We protest, tilt we have not in any way, the
most remote, attempted to it
~ reorporate. i n the de
mocratic creed, any new doctrine. We have, and
will resist ' any arch attempt. The south have
made the innovation, they persist Wit; they de-
mend submission; Mr. Van Buren's Texas letter
was repugnant; the south set up the cry " off with
his bead," and off it went. Oh, shame,- where is
thy blush! The duty of the democracY is to ps
plain. We must regain the position we hive
loot. Power and patronage must cease to be ow
nipoten',
and-democracy. which.knows no section
al divisions, must triunipli or fell. ,We owe'it to
ourselvei as a patty ; cte owe it to the country and
the world in, trindiaatiori of the principles of the ge
comment of this great, and free Republic, to again
call Martin Tan Buren from his retirement, to again
mite on hint, as the Democratic candidate for the
;"Presidency in 1848. :Bitch are our views; what
k the decis"ion of the pirty in this county may be,
will soon 'be known. :We believe however the
sentiments expressed 'by us in this article, will
meet 'kith a general reeponse in Bradford. e
Srokija Sauk&
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Quite an exeiteineoas prevailed here for the
last Iwo Jays, canged tj a rumor that several of the
Backs in the interior of the Sta'e, had suspended
payment. Sortie of those considered the safest in the
'state were included in the downfall ; such'as the
York Bank, the Wyoming Rank, thelliner's Bank
at Pottiville, Harrisburg Bank, &c. With the ex
ceptitin of the Lewistown Bank, 'we can find noth
ing in our latest advices, to sustain the report The
Lodger of the t?th inst., says, "There ha-e been
many rumors - of bank failures afloat, which could
suet be traced to any authentic source." The rumor
is. also contrtuliote*by other papers.
We should not . be surprised to hear of the failure
of some of the rotten shaving shops, so plenty in
this State. We caution'the public to, beware of
them, and particularly of an institution not far dis
tant, lately galvanized into an ephemeral existence.
BOY AVorrinon.—A young lad,- was severely
wottndefat Athens, oa Friday last, by the discharge
of a goarin the bands of Dr. Creswell, of Cho.
sarong, N. Y. It appeao that. the Dr. was intozio
sated, and the boysthrowing missiles at Nut, whin
beimilie* turned and-fired into the esowd, the
eagrekood, of solidi slat. taking, effect upon die
bands and towels of the bay, woundingltio
severely, tag not dangerously. The Dr. was lodg
ed id jail at this place to await his trial for the as
sault.
Lirreassv Socterv,--An Assecitsion hes.necent
ly been formed in Durell " for the dissemination
of useful knowledge." The object is to proenre a
Library by subisetiption--Surihe benefit of those
who choose to-contribute. We are Thawed to see
'melt a praiseworthy effort made in Yang Donee.
It is an example whir* should be followed in every
township in the count), and cannot fail to reduce
he most beneficial result.
, ?he Proviso. " '
.""
hi m
- .100, sajid,•warelicht. • - Mitil-terrhory is*
"Mid, end jiien inlit
.1114 1 to
Oh* On Oh sod, . ~" - . '-of !IN
tlr,. . ; - ,.1
Pre* am**. iboatikattlakake . "3 1 -, -
tion r 4annot t;'elaim tobe 11M3eiiii not obiectti
s; t,s
____A*
Icourse
to put off thetplestitax; mot thethey saw
gees be adopted, to turn in, and with the south, and
protest against any interference with domest ic in
stitutions of the states. Walt until territo ry ;I its
quired ; why not wait until slavery is there I is it
supposed that slavery can be abolished in such ter
ritory, if is found there on its acquisition ? Then
why should we wait? If this views and polieli of
the present administration lye stumbled, thee laths
territory already'aegehed. The Presidenidistint‘-
ly avows, thit, if territory cannot be acquired min
demnity, by treaty, it Must be held by couqueaL- T
The question is settled ; terrine) , is already acquit-.
ed, and will be held, unless the country is driven
into a dishonorable 'peace. A more proper time,
than this, to submit the principles of the Proviso to
the people, cannot again occur. The south, with
one voice, has declared its determination to extend
slavery to this new territory. Is not the question,
then, legitimately before the people! Shall we
wait until slavery has subverted the free soil! We
might then as well attempt to abolish in it states,
as to drive it out of territory were it is established.
It is useless to plead the law of nations, or any oth
er law which prohibits slavery in Mexico; what
slave holder regards them I The right which they
weed, of going there with their slaves, convinces
their regard for any such prohibition. It is impos
sible to avoid this issue between freedom and slice
y—we cannot avoid it, if we would. The south
demands that the free soil acquired of Mexico,
should be the borne of slavery. In every conven
tion of the slave states, a bold and fearless declara
tion is made, that without regard to party, they
will oppose the nominee of the National Conven
tion, unless he is pleiged for the ext4nsion of sla
very. The.question is not considered impiactim
ble at the south; nor is it by them, regardedas pre
mature; these and other objections, equally fool
ish, are left to the discoverytof certain wise men of
the North. It is uselens to attempt to fog this ques
tion. It is involved in no intricacy. It is plainly
his: Shall soil which is now free, remain free ?
We take the affirmative ; we love frredom and ab
hor slavery in every form. The people will pro
claim for freedom; they too abhor slavery. There
is no use of attempting to drive beck the peopli,
by telling them, that the south are entitled to have
-it all their own way.
limpr•vezerata $a Our Illeaugh.
During the past summer and fall, quite an im
provement has been effected , -in the appearance of
our. %rough by the erection of a considerable num
ber of new buildings.
The brick building of Bearols Ktscsusav, wa&
first finished, and has been for some tinie occupi
ed. It is , erected on the site of the old i tkore, and
is a most commodious and well finished building,
three stories in height. The north store is cenpi
ed by B. Kingsbury & Co., where they have ample
room for this aecomodation of their numerous ens
-
tamers. The Wilding is, we believe, at present,
entirely occupied. In the third dory the Sons of
Temperance have their Hall; one of the most
beautiful furnished 'and spacious rooms of the kind
in Northern Pennsylvania.
The vacancy left by the fire last spring, hiss part
ly been built up, by the: Messrs. MEacras, Mori
ii.vrt and CARTER. Their building is just com
pleted and comprises one of the most elegant
blocks to be found in the country. The south store
formerly the eland of Meseis. Mercurs, is now
owned and occupied by Messrs. Montanye's & Cc.,
who have a convenient and well-filled store.—
Dr. Carter is still on hand It his old location, where
the fire found him in blared last, much improved
in convenience. The North part' of the building
has been rebuilt by Messrs. Mercur's. The store
next to the Dr. is onenpied by N. N. Betts. The
Messrs. Mercur's have but just removed to the tor
ner on the north, where they have one of the ler
geit and best finished stores to be found this side of
Stewart's. No pains or expense has-been spared
to make it everything desirable in a country store,
and if their numerous customers come " with al
rush ," they may bemire of being'waited upon
The masonry and brick work of the new Couit
House, are finished, and the building nearly en•
closed. When finished it will be a credit to the
County and an ornament to the town.
Mr. C. L Ward has finished the foundation of a
tavern stand on the site of the Old Eagle Tavern.
It will be speedily completed in the spring, & is de.
signed to be a commodious hotel, with stores,
shops, &e., in the first story.
Besides the buildings erected by the public spirit
oFour business men, a number of dwellings have
been built, to the great improvement of our town.
The appearances are favorable for the erection
of.a still greater number of buildings the Coming
"summer. The residue of the "burnt district," will
doubtless be rebuilt in a better and more perma.
neat style, and with the other buildings in proves*
and to be rneeted, by extending and, increasing the
facilities, will give a fresh• impetus to the business
of our town.
Ilailleasl Vasissitttea.
The petenintee seems ginterally given to the 4th
of Inly, oaths time of holdinihe Convention. To
this. we have no objectiiin. We have a choice as
to the plate of holding it. We have ever bean it
a Ices to discover any good reason why it should
be held at Baltimore ; it hid no more facilities for
being reached than sundry other places ; it is very
remote hem the centre, subjecting many delegates
to heavy expenses In stting there. Chwinnati in
our opinion is the moat proper place.' We know
o no objection, that can be urged against this
place, for holding the Convention. Justice to the
West and South Werli .... derimda o th e 'the Conven
tion be held in a OM tell denote from the centre.
'here are manyoind to our minds intinbitable rea
sons, why the - prace should be changed fromlh
dtimore • we miy have ots?asion to Whale to them
herea;r.
Grgcangs.—The proceeding of this body, are as
yet, quite mfinteresting. Now, that the Wok-ensue
elected, end the committees appointed, Ire shall
expect an excitiug session. We shall endeavor to
give our readers a full %moon; of its doings.
Tea %manes Connuirmss ate necaumuily de
terred until next week ehei proceedings of a
public meeting umently held, in Sullivan musty.
p m . Doc—We are irArbied to His Excellofty
Jaen k. Pots, Hon. UMW Ekmumtatt, and Hon.
bATID WILMOT for important favor,.
Newspaper Norrawers, Ns.
the weeko,lter hat. , visi
ted by • e =Or of ourfriends
bir't "kg 11 4 been loud in '
that. 4
at the • *. - -
4 inm
ingMliw ozre
sp4, *which they pay) • y,,
al-evete hail mid should. One
yowl regular nuisa nc e—the newspaper borrower.
#4ler is deprived of it by the next more dishon
iisiiiihicili%iireVirgrittiiik OrsgatiV
it, before he can kindly glance over it; while an
other fords fault, because can only get it from
the Post-Office aftet it is soiled and rumpled, 'and
ipmf o utes hardly ;legiblap 'll* r e if
11 1' 6( 4111-1
troubles,surely; but they can be remedies. '
.Let ' the'
lentorer be saldnfibeinitylneaneeninf4helmick.
he has acquired ; that your family .would as awn
see the cholera coming, as his hated visage to bor
row the paper before it is half read; that the prin
ters would be glad to: send him a fresh one every
week—provided he jays for it. .In short, in jus
tice to 'he printer, and yourself, refuse him i , Bally,
and then you will be ridof him.
As to the stealing, it is punishable by law; the
Poet Masters know it is no past oftheir duty =pee
n:tit the paper belonging to subscribe= to be read,
and if they are guilty of it, they should be repotted
to the Department, where they have a very effi
cient and summary mode of making such tillage
right. The following will explain how. Ii is a
copy of a letter addressed to the Editor of the Ger
=ultimo (Ohio) Gazette.
Parr Ovnca DIGTAIITitt2I7,
Arrou►rxcxr Orrice, Nov. 2, 1847.
SIR :-11 you will name the Postmasters who fail
to notify publishers when their papers are not taken
from the.office by those to whom they are addres
sed, or who neglect to do their duty in any other
particular, they will be requited to live up to the
law and instructions of the ,Department or their of
fices will be placed in other hands.
Very respectfully, Etc., W. 7. BROWN,
2d Ass't. P. M. General.
Tharracr.—The publication of the " Tanga Her
ald," has been suspended. The editor finds farm
ing more advantageous than printing a Whig pa
per in Tioga. The Herald was a well prin t ed and
spirited sheet
The " Wyoming Co. Record," is also no more.
Mr. Worden, goes to Lewistown, where a better
opportunity presents itself, for the acquisition of the
" root of all evil,"
THE MELANCHOLY DIEM OF Da. WAINWRiGHT
rams THE BITE OF A SNANE.—The New York pa
pers give the following particulars of the melancholy
death of Dr. , Wainwright from the bite of a snake:—
On Thursday afternoon Dr. W. received from a
brother-in•law in Alabama, through one of our, pack
ets, a number of rare plants, &c., the productions of
that section of the Union—and, probably, for the
purpose of furnishing a subject .for more scientific
experiments, a rattlesnake, six feet long, was con
tained in the invoice.
The reptile was securely boxed, hat it seems-that
Dr. W., for the purpose of exhibiting it to some
friends in the evening, took the box to the Broad
way House, corner of Grand and Broadway, where,
knocking off the top, the snake was let loose upon
the bar room floor. Throwing itselrinto acoil, the
dangerous creature immediately conmenped that
low hum, orspmies of ringing, (not the. rattle.)
which is peculiar to the species, ,and seamed in
clined to remain quiet probably the change of cli
mate produced a sort of torpor, and it was repeated
ly teased with a stick, without betraying much vi
ciousness. Indeed., one gentleman ventured so far
as to raise it with - the toe of his boot escaping un
scathed.
After being exposed some twenty minutes to the
gaze of those present, Dr. Wainwnght attempted to
return the snake to the box, and for that purpose in
considerately seized Abe venomous thing with his
NAKED niten! when in an instant, with only the
slightest premonitory rattle, the reptile raised his
head, threw back his upper jaw, and srarcx—the
fangs entering bet Ween the fingers, and fastening
on the inside of the ring-finger of the right hand !
Immediate measures were taken to prevent the
spread of the poison through the system. The
flesh in the neighborhood of the wounded part
was cut out and Dr. Wainwright removed to his
house in Crosby street, where other medical and
surgical aid was called, without delay, and in a
few minutes the room was filled with his profess
ional friends, among ijithom were Dr. Whittaker,
Parker and Caldwell, of the Institute. Energetic
means were made use of to counteract the effect of
the venom, but unaccountably, all known remedies
seemed to e - of no avail, and the entire arm corn
menced swab* Most fearfully. At this juncture
we are informed that Dr. Wainwright, withmuch
presence of mind, begged to have an amputation of
the whole arm performed, but, after consultation,
this course was deemed inadvisable, and the vic
tim, enduring the most excruciating agony, continu
ed to sink, and finely expired at half an hour after
midnight-411e tamp of hfe going net at last guiesly
.and with, apparently, - no strugWe.
The unhappy man seemed to possess his full. fa
culties almost to the last moment, and was perfect
ly aware of the fate to whieh he was inevitably hast.
ening. Some fifteen minutes before his decease,
turning to a friend who was supporting him, " this
is horrible!" said he, as he felt the extreme pain
leaving his hand, and the sensation of ease slowly
creeping rip the arm from the seat of the wound—
" this is horrible l—to know that deat&is gradually
feeling his way to myvitals !.— that arm is dead ale
ready"--i-and placing the uninjured hand over his
heart-,"the destriver will be soon be here !!"
This acute kdowlefigeof his sure dissolution, which
as a medical man, he musk Lave possessed, could
have been nouabt else than truly fearful. ,
The body, jitTer death, presented the us ual ap
pearance o ecease from the bite of those hkleous
reptiles, it btg frightfully swollen and ‘mottled.
Mr. VAN BUREN'S LETTEI3,—Mr. Van Buren has
declined being a candidate for the next Presidency
in reply to a letter from the editor of the Wilksbar.
re Fanner and Journal. The letter announcing his
determination Will be read with great interest, and
•ewill assign to him in the judgment and affections
of the American people, if possible, a higher place
than he has heretofore held. The condition of the
country demands that the mussels and talents of
such men should be brought actively to our aid in
the present emergency, and however great the sac.
rifice would be to Mr. Van Boron to be ,drawn again
into the arena of political strife we hate the guaranty
of his past lift to confirm ns in saying that the call
of the deramrcy dike Union upon lint to lead
their column m 1848, would not be , refused, We
should reit:4(4l.l9.lmm such a call Made. It would
reflect the greatest honorlipon the Denrocraet hi
the Mien, and would enoneraleembeyondaeorg
fingobey, and irith somas thetodakoty of an-ad,
jaannent of -the diffterdt'and andpanaoang questions
that have
. spmng...up in 'connection with our, war.
with Mimeo and the pniepeet.'of an evasion of
t r ibm 7'
1r will mate' questioned by any one that Martin
Van Baron ranks amongst the able/gas, of this or
any other nation : that his qualities of mind are pe.
eeliaily adapted to the tryingetisis`which we are
approaching, and that no man deserves more at
the bandit of the people.—. Cayuga (N. Y) Em.
Some of the wbig press, especially of the city,
have amnia that Me Wilmot buskin was a test at
the lateelection. . flow such acooeict6on is arrived
at, we cannot zi:cmjecture, In this section of the
St me the •subject was never mentioned, and we
know that many of the wannest of Gov. Shunk's
summers were in favor of the Proviso.. ' Mr. Wil
mot himself, and his friends, were warm supporters
of Gov. Shank, as the vote in his district wills/sow.
—Sunbury American. .
?rowdily the XXX& Congress.
LIST Oil ox
, t eTh, r
‘k•
: 13th f.
The •." • y.
Mice dent lerj . • - tf
nia-iepott ofihe Seanitiq thei , sad'
on motion of Mr. Breese, it was ordered that 20,-
000 copies or the report be printed:for the use of
.On motion, it we's resole ed that the Military and
Navy Committee be incrifti to seven each. .
On motion of Mr. Sevier, the: Senate then pro
ceeded to the election of officers, when the former
officers were reelected almost unaniinously.
jai* Infisolptitto froni the *ow to eiviciftwo
ChapUMs was agreed tis'and the Rev. ifs: Slicer
wis.nsellookauthetiort-agAiwtottabk. ,
On Mr. Mangum's motion, the Chairman.of the
Standing Committees were aiipernited',l • without go
ing into a ballot. They are alfollotrs :
On Foreign Relations—Mr. Sevier.
Finance—Mr. Atherton.
Commerce—Mr. Mi.
Manufactures—Mr. Dickinson.
Agriculture—Mr. Sturgeon.
Military Affairs—Mr. C am
Militia—Mr. Rusk.
Naval Affairs—Mr. Fairfield. '-
Public Lands—Mr. Breese.
Private Laud Claims—Mr. irillee. •
Wien Affairs--Mr. Atchison.
Claims—Mr. Mason.
Revolutionary Claims—Mr. Bright.
Judiciary—Mr. Ashley.
The Post Office and Poet Roads—Mr. Niles.
Roads and Canals—Mr. Harlingen.
Pensions—Mr. Johnson, of Louisiana.
District of Columbia—Mr. Carnerou.
Patents and the Patent Office—Mr. Westcott.
Retrenchment—Mr. Tumey.
Territories—Mr. Douglass.
Public Buildings—Mr. Hunter.
Contingent Expenses—Mr. Felch.
Printing—Mr. 13ntdbury.
Engrossed Bills--Mr. Downs.
Enrolled Bills—Mr. Rink.
Joint Committee on the Library—Mr. Pearce.
On motion of Mr. Mangum, the election of the
remaining members of the Committees was post
poned until to-morrow.
WasuiNcrros, Del:. 15.
IN SENATE —The Senate was called to order at
12 o'clock by the Vice President.
The following resolutions were presentedby Mr.
Calhoun, and ordered to be printed. , . _
....
Resolved, That to conquer and bold Miviico, el
•her as aproirince or byincorporating it into the
Union, i sinconsistent with the avowed object ?f the
war, contrary to the settled policy of the government,
in conilict with its character and genius, and in the
, . must be subversive of all our free and popular
:tlOll5.
4y -41 ' lved, That no line of policy in the further
ution of the war should be adopted which
ma sj offto consequences so disastrous.
Mr.lslWrintion offered the following resolution :
Resolved, That, in orgaaizing . a Territorial go
vernment fqr territories belonging to the United
j States the pnnciples of self-government upon which
I our federative system rests will be best promoted,
the true spirit and meaning of the constitution be
observed , and the confederacy strengthened, by
[ leaving all questions concerning the domestic poli
cy therein to - the legislatures chosen by the people
thereof.
Resolved, That true policy' requires the govern.
ment of thefUnited States to strengthen itspolitical
and commeicial relations upon this continent, by
the annexation of such contiguous territory as may
conduce to that end, and can be justly obtained ;
and that, neither in such acquisition ner i n th e t er .
ritorial organization thereof, can any conditions be
constitutionally imposed, or institutions be provided
for or established, meonsistent with the right of the
people thereof to knia a free sovereign State with
the powers and privileges of the oriptal members
of the confederacy.
On Mr. Niles' motion, the heads of the Bureaus
and those of the Departments were admitted to the
prirßege of the floor. Adjourned.
• TN THE Hocsr.--The House WEIS assembled 12
o'climk, when the Rev. Mr. Gurley, the newly elect
ed Chaplain, delivered a, fervent prayer.
The Speaker announced Mr. Vinton s resolution,
with John W. Houston's amendment, as the first
business in order.
Messrs. Rhett and Caleb Smith spoke ably in
sumort of the resolution.
Mr. Root followed, and advocated the passage of
the resolution earnestly and ably, including many
facetious remarks.
A message from the President was received and
read, giving his reasons for vetoing the River and
Harbor'bieof the last session.
Mr. Wentworth moved that the message be re
ported to the Committee on Commerce.
Mr. Vinton moved to refer the subject to the se
lect committee. He argued that the massage and
report should go out to the country together. "A de
bate sprung up in which the participators were
Messrs. 11;iker, Sims,Stewart and Schenck.
Isaac P. Holmes o ffered resebsions for a peace
with Mexico. Adjourned.
TROIIIII.E THREATEN ED IN ILLINOIL—The St. LOUIS
" Friend of the People" states that at a meeting of
men calling thernselres settlers in township 27 and
28, N. R. 4 E., convened at the house of a Mr. T.
Bloomfield, Joe Davies county, on Nov. 2, 1847,
it 'was unanimously resolved, that if any person
shall enter any land that is claimed by a settler, in
the above named townships, within two years from
the time the same was offered for sale, that we will
consider such person as a robber and pirate, and
treat him as such. If any person shall enter any
land that is claimed by a settler, that he, nor any
other to whom he may sell or transfer it, shall nev
er have peaceable possession, until the settler, has
a just and fair compensation for the same, while
water runs, and grass grows.
That paper adds: "We do not know the number
9f individuals who were present, and became the
avowed authors of the proposition embraced in the
foregoing resolutions; we hope, for the honor of our
country, they were few in number. But be the?r
few or be they many, we trust and believe they wid
meet with the universal denunciation of s cirdized
society."
THE Lwvsicrovizr BANX.—The Lewistown Gazette
of Saturday, says:
"This institution which had enjoyed the cOnti.
deuce of our community, with but few exceptions
since its resumption of business last year, closed
its Aeons on Wednesday last. That resumption was
generally believed to have been made on a firm
basis, and hence not a little feeling was manifested
when the fact became known, as numbers of its
notes, varying in amount, were in the hands of all
' , Classes. What the liabilities are, and what the re
sources, is mote than we can tell. A. belief in its
solvency—at least so far as direct liabilities were
concerned—we know was entertained by many of
our citizens Who had no kindlyfeelingstoseards the
institution ? bat whether events will justify that-be
lief, ee r e asee g e be seen. We trust that such will be
the case. la.the meantime we would advise note
holders not to part with
v. them heedlessly—a km
weeks may deterinine their real market worth."
A P.urrnta Xu.i.sis IN Bums Caunrr.--On Fri
day last, *says the Bucks County Intelligencer, as
Charles Jackson and Lewis Murray were passing
through the woods of Mns.telbroukh, adjoining the
farm of our-friend Geo. W. South,' Eaq., in Bensa.
lam tp., they discovered an animal lying in a brush
heap. As they approached it, it rose, as if to spring
at them, when Jackson levelled his i gun, and shot
it through the head. Upon exammation it was
found to be a young panther, and is supposed
to have escaped from a cage of wild beasts that
were conveyed alone the Bristol turnpike a few
days before. It measured, from tail to nose, 4 feet
3 inches.
Moneta Canortorra —Corn. Stockton, the' big
gu" of the navy, is spoken of for the Presidency.
nerlirt •r the beeratary at War.
Of t i li t e th Ut en taid •
w "•e proceed to iti
is • length as will enable to
Cianoidinth .g portion thereoc
B E I , • ',whole in an .
lin lithe dispensed. of Ai
troops in the service, accurate statements could net
be returned bythe . Adjy t General'; hat lirn the
ligetinisanktaf„. 4 • . „this Afilinti*-4 01 t 15 ,*
estimated " at 43011, w 21,509 are regular
troops and the remainder volunteers. Of this num
ber there are under Gen. Scott, in garrison, itc., on
the line, 32,450. Under Gen. Taylor '6,727. In
Santa Fe, and that section ;634. In California
Ado ; Allowingifor deductions by reason of
sickness and Other carnafties, the effective force is
ietihon to'ffie raising of ale new iagirientri,
organizing and despatching them to the army, the
Secretary observes that the best energies of the de
partment were einployed, and the duty performed
with reasonable expedition. •
The campaign of the present year is regarded as
having. commenced immediately after the - capture
of Monterey. The temporary suspension of tostili•
ties which followed that event, tedninated on the
13th of November ; one reason for abridging 'its
continuance ; being its apprehended interference
with operations in Tamaulipas and along the Gulf
coast.
The Secretary then adverts to the proceedings
against Sabato, Tampico and Victoria, and observ
es that Tampico had been taken by Com. Perry,
previous to the arrival cf the military column, an d
subsequently timed- over, to the land fortes.
.The proceedings of Gens. Taylot sod Wool, in es
tablishing a defensive line from Piinas to Tampico,
and the occupation of Victoria, brlhg up the period
of the arrival ot Gen. Scott upon the Rio Grande.
In view of the fact that the conquest of California
and New Mexico, and the occupation of Tamauli
pas, New Leon and Coahuila would not dispose
the enemy to terms of accommodation, it became
necessary to assail the more vital parts of the Mex
ican republic ; and as the advance upon the city of
Mexico could not advantageously be made from the
Rio Grande, the attention of - the government was
tinned to Vera Cruz For that purpose. Holding the
lirie of the Sierra Madre, aggressive movements
were to be directed on a new line from Vera Cruz
and Gen. Scott assigned to conduct the movement
;
and upon him as senior officer the chief command
of the operations in the enemy's country devolved.
—ln preparing for the expedition, it became ne
cessary to draw largely on the previous line of ope
rations, and thereby reduce it. to a defensive condi
tion • the number and description cf troops th us
withdrawn was necessarily left to the Generat-in
chief.
Daring the time occupied in these
the forces under Gen. Taylor assumed defensive
positions, from Saltillu and Monterey down the line
to the mouth of the Rio Grande. The enemy be
ing reported in considerable strength in the neigh
borhood of &hill°, Gen. Taylor threw forward his
advanced force to AO* Nueva, and on the 20th of
Febuary, being assured of the enemy, only thirty
miles inlAit. ront l Gen. Taylor fell back to Buena
Vista, enantered him on the 22d, and after a se
vere and sanguinary conflict, achieved a glorious
triumph. The secretarypays the well merited trib
nte of giowim acknowledgement of the gallantry of
Gen. Taylor, his officers and men in this action.
The expedition against Vera Cruz from the is
land of Lobos, the investment of the city, its sumo
der, with the fall of San Joan de Ulloa, are detailed
with honorable testimonials of the gallantry and skill
of the achievement
After some unadvoidahle delay on the Bth of April
the column moved on towards the city of Mexico,
and in this connection the Secretary adverts to the
successive actions and fictories which apended.up
on the American arms, including the battle of Cer
ro Gordo, the occupation • of Jalapa, Peyote, with its
strong castle and armament, and dutch)! of Puebla.
Auer waiting for reinTorcements and receiving
them the column moved on in August against the
capitid, and encountered the enemy at Contreras
and Chtnnlyesco. The armistice and negotiations
are spoken of with the; failure of the same, and the
detection of the defensive design the subsequent
engagements of El Moline del Rey and Chapulte
pee, and the dispersion of the Mexican army, the
flight of the government, and the triumphant en
try of the city of the Aztecs on the 14th of Septem
ber briefly detailed.
• The seteequent siege of Puebla, by Santa Anna
the battles of Huamantla and AtliNco, with the vari
ous well contested conflicts with the guerillerce, are
alluded to.
The report then proceeds to the achietements of
our arms in another portion of the enemy's country
under Gen. Kearney These we have already no
ticed, have all been published considerably more
in detail in our columns than they are to be found
inthe report, and it is inexpedient, therefore, even
to recapitulate Them. Appropriate and honorable
mention is made , of the distinguished services ofthe
gallant and enterprising Officers and men engaged in the operations in at quarter; Gen. Kearney ;
Col. Doniphan, Col. Price, U. Col ; Fremont and
Capt. Headly, being named in thisl connections.—
The military and civil government lof California is
now in the hands of Col. Mason, a !communicati on from whom is referred to as .slioairg the present
state of affairs in that country. The present force
stationed there is deemed , insufficient, and it is
thought advisable to augment the number.
• In .rvml to future proceedings, the Secretary
says:
"Our further operations must, in my opinion, be
conducted in one of the three following modes: take
and lead an indemnity line ; to recede from all pla
ces and positions DQW occupied in advance of it,
and cease from all aggressive operations heyorid
that line • second to overrun the whole country, and
hold all t he principal places in it by permanent gar.
risons ; and, third, to retain what we now possess,
open the lines of communication into the interior,
and extend our operat i ons to other important places
as our means and the prospect of advantages shall
indicate—keeping a disposable forte always ready
within approachable limes, to annoy the enemy, to
seize supplies, enfince contributions, and fustrate
his efforts to collect means and assemble troops for
the purpose of protracting the war.
"A full-discussion of the comparative merits of
these modes of conducting our military I:peraliens
would extend this communication to an unwarranta
ble knelt ; I shall, therefore. confine my remarks
to a few prominent considerations relative to each.
" With reference to a speedy peade ' with paper
indemnity and security—the only object of the war
—the line policy . is T,egarded as - objectionable. If
our present position cannot command- acceptable
terms of pacification from Mexico, retiring to an
indemnity line would certainly fail to produce such
a result; it would weaken the inducements of the
enemy to put an end. to hostilities. Restored, by
our voluntag surrender, to the possession of his ca
pital and important department. and relieved from
the pressure of our arms, and from all apprehen
sions of further conquest and annowce, beyond
the limits we might select, he would be left with
more abundant resources thin he now possessed, o
prepare, at leisure and in security, to strike an of
fer:tete blow with concentrated keret at trar detach
ed pores. To hold these posts safely, to - retain pos
'session of the seaports we now have, (if that should
fall Within the policy.) and to prevent incursions
intothe territories which we might choose to ap
propriate to ourselves, would, in my opinion re- ,
quire a force as large as would suffice to maintain
what we now occupy, and to carry our operations
still further in the interior of the• enemy's country,
and-make him feel the calamities of war in a way
best calculated to induce him to seek for peace.—
But if in this I am- mistaken, and the line policy
should enable us to reduce the number of our
troops, edit, it will not, as I conceive, thereby effect
a seduction of our actual expenditures for the war.
"in' consequence of the interruption of inter
course between the seaports in oar possession, and
the central parts of Mexico, the collections on im
ports hive hitherto been inconsiderable. If the line
pohey is adopted, this intercourse will continue to
interrupted,and, consequently. the receipts of
revenue from this source will be small,
"Under the *radon, Of the line policy, an ez ,
pectation of lenerthig thll burden of sustaini ng „ r
w' by *iv*: stipnrt
i s anti contributiona h em
•-• orM be I 44x inttsl. The suppli es
i e ;vie of our Sin would be withdrawn
~ ' our ' h f as soot' its ohs design to seize a n d
•
-s•
. i • s
.m was uscedidned or suspect e d . _
vete „. . , rune, a$ our .posts would be remote , • the . and rep:tureen of the count th e
7
amount .
which,td unlinedo . be i 7
e Would be the e° .
I siderable.
las._--ttsSesfaCAPl,X. '- : ' effbllrgellt.heel-the)th e
polici; by way Of • i mg assistance from the r e.
-sources of the enemy, loirirde the support of our
temps, we should, I apinehends confer upon am,.
lion of the people of Mexico a dirW be ne fi t b y
opening to them at our posts a Market, in *Lich
we should become the purchasens of the ir prott eet ,
a t an exorbitant price. " ' These considerations, with
-I.?ut krieitilgkte. 7 .,,*.Tr.O.tb!l'es have led me to one
of the other Mates' of, *nation - I have mention
ed, as preferable to thatof occupying an indemni
fy line. r -
"In regard to the second mode sopa, sted-_th et
of occupying the wbol conntry—the wide extent
of territory embraced i the /tlexican republic, the
many important poin to betarrisoned, and the
long lines of commun . )on to be kept open, p re .
sent difficulties of no ordmary magnitude, if our oc
cupancy is to be, .i' MX • a character as to super se d e
the Mexican authority, and require the . tempo rary
establishment of curd government. 'lnmg
this plan into effect, it would not be reason ea a r ge to
rely upon the favorable disposition, or even neu
trality, of any considerable mrt of the Mexican peo
ple, until some assurance 9f the stability dour pow_
er was derived from i its continuance. Our posts
must therefore be strong, and our forges numerous,
in order to secure the tinny and long lines of com
munication to dispense and chastise the guerrilla
bands which would Items them, and to suppress
the more powerful op isings of the people where.
ever they may be attempted. I cannot safely es.
timate the force utopian° to carry is:taloa effect
this plan, at less &auiseventy thousand men. To
insure the presence of that number in the enemy's
country,: and at place's where they would be want.
ed, it would, be neceasary to raise a much larger
force. Thelgreat expense of raising, organizing,
and sending to their remote destination so large a
body of troops as soon as needed to give effect to
this plan would, I apprehend, bring a very heavy,
and perhaps embarrassing demand upon the trees
" This thin] modefpresented is, in my judgment,
preferable to the others. Beyond certain limits, it
admits of expansionl and contraction; but as a fixed
conliitiou r , all nova held is to be retained, and no
part surrendered, but in compliance with treaty
stipulaftons. This plan also contemplates further
acquisitions, estending to other important points,
more or less numerous, as circumstances may war
rant.
" Notwittoltanir on victories hove filen with •
crushing weight upo the assembled armies of Mex
ico, most of those, ho hold in their hands the de
cbkon of the ques4 of peace, have stood beyond
the range of the 'ph -sical evils inflicted by the war.
il
By extending the eatre of it, and changing the
mode of conductin it, they cart be made to feel its
pressure. In con, uence of our liberal and
,hu
mane policy , we ve, as yet, scarcely touched the
substance of the w thy and influential classes is
Mexico. As the Mexican army has long been to
them the instrunt of oppression in thjhands of
their successive rs, its destruction has not deep
lyenlisted their aviathies, or alarmed their fears.
Our army has a rdied them better protection than t
their own ; and us, by our presence and our-fur
. bearance they h -e, within certain limits, hither.
to escaped exacti ns from either. But our succes
ses have now co, ned the way to act upon atria,_
fluence chose w probably can, if they will, put
i
an end to hostiliti . By making them su ff er the
' usual' calamities f war, they must be made to de.
,sire peace.
"In addition t the troops required to garrison.
'place* to be reta' ed, it is proposed' o have in the
field A competen force for aggressive operasicss—
to strike the ens y whenever he may inesent a
vulnerable point to open avenues 'from the ports
in our possession into the enemy's country. malts
cover and subjeet to our control some of his rich
mining districts and productive - agncultural regions.
It is not deenriedt proper to point out in more de
tail the movements and objects contemplated in
the further prosek. -ution of the war upon this plan.'
The Serrotaryl, proceeds to state the number and
character of tamps that would be requisite for the
purpose. After; some suggestions relative- to the
maintenance of the existing establishment a pro
position is submtued to raise ten additional regi
ments of regular forces for the war, at an
-early pe
riod ; and to confer authority- to accept the services
of volunteers, should , additional aid he necessary.
Considerable defictences are stated to esat in
some of the war appropriations in consennesce of
the excess of volunteers called into service ,
and the
unexpected rise in the rice of provisions and oth
er causes. Smite reference is made to the appro
priation of the Mexican revenue, but no estimate is
made of the exPected amount from this source. and
therefore it is atot presented as a means of. reliance.
The appointment of officer.; with a per tentage
compensation tie recommended, for the collection of
this revenue.
. An inquiry into the unsettled ctanns of citizens
of California eganist the United States is urged up
on the attention of Coirwess, much dissatisfaction
having already been manifested on this subject.
Several other Minor matters of pecuniary obligation
are also presented.
The recommendation of the last report. that the
volunteers be provided with-clothing in lieu of the
money now paid as, a commutation, is repeated.
Also, the recommendation in regard to a retired list
of officers of the army.
The reports. orthe several subordinate officers of
this department are submitted, and aflord gratifying
proofsthat their respective-duties have been 'ably
and faithfully discharged.
The; exterior and premarital defences of the
country are spoken of as having steadily' progresseq ,
The Military Academy at West Point is repre
sented in a very favorable light, and provision for
an annual board of visiters asked for.
An addition_ of six army -surgeons is sonestcd to
serve during the war.
The establiShment of an army asylum, for wound
ed and disabled soldiers, is recommended.
The atrairsiof the Ponsion.office are briefly ail
vetted to. The excess of labor devolving upon it
in the issue cif scrip and certificates. has made id
ditional aid indispensable. There have been 7.314,
certificates for land, and 90Q of scrip issued. There
have bccn rej ted or suspended , 2,210 applications,
and 7,846 re wined to be examined.
f
Provisions for the families of officers of the line
and staff wh have fallen under epidemic disease
in the serric ,is recommended. The modification
of the pensio law, that &may apply as faromlilY
to regulars to volunteers is suggested as rel . d e '
suable. ,
The condi inn of the Indians affairs is favorahr!
represented. The policy of separating the Indians
from contiguity with the whites has been steaddY .
pursued and ;witir:lsv-orable - results. The sank!
fid material of the - Choctaws in which , wee rot
barm-s
ment has occurred, is now anticipated. —
Treaties have been negotiated with different ban&
of the Chiprmwas, for lands west of the Mississippi.
Traermility has generally inevailed, Cxcept uninitt
some of the Sioux, who have committed outrages
tevainst the Viimebagnes, o rna h, L ., ottocs an d the
friendly Pa noes. Measures have been taken t°
punish the awessore The depredations open
Santa Fe t "ns have been committed by •...1 11 dla ns
not under 11 e control of the U. States.. -.;- ~ ~.
The ano alons condition of our relationeim
the Indians in Texas has embarrassekthe arum
of
the depa ent. A special agency 'has bt.en.?l' .
pointed to isit the several bands in that stale, 0 "
has been attended with nevem.l.O.slatiOi. s p o
the subject ,is suggested . ' Further 1e , ,,,, , ft1a4, 15 1', /-4 „:
shown to be necessary in reltuirm. tb.. StreeliPw 6 "
Indians. ' 2. , --l>
I.
The work of education has steadily'rtr-,, 4 :
among the various tribes, and promises ltkln'Y
nefielal maths. The report concludes with atel ex '
once, uponi all these subjects, to lit the germ
misaiouer on Indian allairs.