===== I ~.. . I. 3 nagillrgi "mato TOW ANDA: (Uchrobag Amnion, November 0,18k7 • • toticepcmbetut from Alexia". DuiaLsca'Hirrin.; VERA. Car; October te, 1847. • Enrroaeorrite REPORTEIV—A few evenings since I was engaged in writing to you, and unexpectedly •f brought up" at the bottom of the fourth page, 'without having near finished: what Idled contem plated edrnornnicating. ' , Save me from my friends," von titni,triobably - ready to exclaim, but don't des : pair. This is probably the last missile, for some tithe at Iftst, there being no communication' with • the interior-, and may. not be for some time.. It • n ow more than five Frionths since any person has returned front 'the Army under Gen: Scott. The inhabitants "long the coast are darker' }than tile Italians of the Mardi ; they'_ have straight black hair. Ins this class hat -compose y the I., , uorilla parties, anti do the siealiug generally. They furnist the town with Vegetables, and a great variety of tropical fruit, also with I charcoal, which itc(l fur all culinary purposes:. The business of the country is done with half starved looking park It is common for the females, to ride, like ilreir lords and masters . astride of the saddle. With. , tilts class, as with all castes and elalses elsewhere, there is a species of aristocracy, and it consists in ,hess. and ornaments. In the ve g etable market. ou will see • women • wearing gold combs worth !lint slon to $2OO, with necklaces . of equal value, ,t -:d costly ear and finger. kings. Human nature seyns to be the same the world over: illte mean fewskerafure since the Ist inst., has bet:u . about 80 digre4 The mercury never fall -1.11,,, Lel 75, and that . only fora few days in mid- Winter, nder the influence of the NRrtheri. And 1111 S too within of the` snow-crowned volcanic inount rizaba r vrhielfitf old shone star-like through • . die dar ness, lighting the mariner on Ibis. way and the pit m to his shrine. I hays intimated, if not Said thet the Azetc race was thriftless iithd. apparentl i y worthless.tf may be well entprire how came they so degraded, to ; God made man iu his own image, and this race sadly degdpemted, The conquerors rektoced • l':otti to the mast abject state of slave y,. tasking their physical powers to , the utmost limits of hu endnrance. Thousands fell groaning 'under • .'.,; Cuinnlative weight of Spanish _avarice and ven .:oarictT!.• After a vassalage of 300 years, the Atoxi- S • rovolution set them free, since which time they"! 1. toe had one iong MAterrupted :holiday. Those Itoast having the pure Castilian blond cours-!, vr,..; through their vems,,are the men who have nits- gi,iernc.l this ill fated republic, since the days, of I tic s.e-royalty, and if they boast of freedom, 'lts V only in the name,. the shadow without the sub- I Kance. The country has been so fearfully conculs oil from the centre to the circumference, that no onprovements have been Made, even those com- ntenceii under the Spanish goVernrnent, hae gone 1 , 1 decay. One instance must suffice. Under the • Vico-royalty an aqueduct was commenced to bring waterintii this city tram a river some 8 or 9 leagues A duty of .•'2,00 per sack, was levied on ' a: ivr to complete their work. The M-xican goo iornment eontinued this • duty, and although-live or -ix enough a-as raised, not a dollar was - ex- pentled on it, and ik the work is where ft it was le :hid!: or forty yearsago. I had almost forgotten improvement I have seen. Santa Anna tias a' Rail Road on his-" own hook," nmning,from this I place, to his hacienda of Mange di Clavo. a distance 'et about three leagues. a query in my mind whether it was not thought best to invest the funds in a private Railroad to .supplying the city wih water. Santa Anita is the owner of enough land to impoverish any man in tax burthened Penns3 - 1- , 7* The latest intelligence in regard to Gen. Santa Att ila here, is - that the ftlexicaaCongress which was to as=emble atifibteretarn en the sth inst., ordered hint there with hiearmy. Ilis was however at Puebla .Pll the loth-ult.., at camp Ilelgam, three miles be low-the town. There are some 3000 soldiers for the ,interior, waiting transportation to more forward. Ihe streets are daily full of teamsters breaking the for itraught,.;: A vessel has been due some ...t) . .froht Tampico'. with a load of .mules. when airivc then the army will,probably be put is motion,l • ME c. hl4 the opinion of some Well informed gentle'' , Len item, that the Mexican rulers are prepared for , ',. l:.r overtures of peace, which 'they rejected recent .., 1r God grant that it may.. be. so, and that no tar e •... 1 sacrifice of life may he necessary. It is a ios . , '•'; `.business to both governments. The United i *.area. can never be indemnified for the great loss of ',.. Lie .incident to the war; to say notbing - of he itu• '. 1 ' Se-expense incurred, which 'Then ottddea up "i:i pmdue& an - aggregate but few anticipate. To 'he Mexicans the picture is still worse, if hostilities tiatA continue, her nationality is gone, inevitably One. and blie must become merged in the Azieri e:m. Union, .ot throw 'herself into the arms of some Eur6 PPan Power. Either event is to be deplored— PsPeeially the latter, for the war would have, rela ttvrly speaking, but just commenced. , If " to the victor belongs the spoils," and I confess the apho rtFm Is less repugnant in military thcivic affairs, t in th e Ur fates government is e tled to a very lade, e, d England will pro bly claim the thtiance, f The !Intl h mail steamier arrived'here the 15th., a '''d the English eourifir left immediately for the flapitol. .He is described by a friend who saw hint en route; is - a singular looking speelmenl3l4Ghti ki• Ile was the courier of the Duke of Welliftg during the peninsulartwars, and was sent over b?te by the 'British government. ' - in a Clear morning snow cm] now be distinctly *ell on the Perote mountains, near 8000 feet above th'. While here, (exebpt whgn a norther is blow; . 4 g) the weather is then too alfarim to be very Com 65eable. • - • •' GT.& • Cttli,o ft "b !' - • • . \ • Q • i • • II • 14 * . * . _ ' • 4.1 • .• • ti• ffli PUBLISHED EVERY WEDNESDAY, AT TOWANDA, BRADFORD COUNTY; PA., BY E. S. GOODitICII & SON. It would be a vain task for mg to attempt a de scription of the gorgeousness, and magnificence• of the Mexican churches; There are I believe 6or 7 chapels, ara ,onescathedrai in this place. Two of the chapels were once convents, now used as Hospitals for the American soldiers when sick. One venerable and somewhat dilapidated looking chapel, I see was built in 1631. The Cathedral was erected in 1721.1-But my sheet is full Work tor November. As this month is 'one in 'which, in the natural course of the season, the farmer has a right to ex pect severe frosts, if not snow; it should be the du ty of each and all to so put forth their strength as to be able to husband every thing the,product of the farm which is liable to be injured by' exposure to the weather. To toil as agriculturists do through the year-to make a crop, it would seem to be sin ful in the extreme, suer having through the kind ness or Providence succeeded in our efforts, to let it by neglect become impaired in valur. There is no class of society whose busness requires • adherence to system more than that of the agricul tural ; a few days delay in - doing a thing will often operate as'a, bar to full success throughout an entire season, and hence the applicability of that apo thegm, which is so cherished by systematic farm ers--Ido ,everything at the right time— and we will add, do it well. Accumulation of Illanture.—A§ manurc is the gold 'Thine of agricultors, and as this is the season whim• the materials for forming it may be gathered to the best advantage, we shallcominence our hints of the work to be done, by recommending that all should lay themselves out to collect and deposit in their cow yards every description of substance with in their reach, which by decompositioe is capable of being converted into manure, as leaves and mould from the woods, pine sbaners, marsh mud: weeds of every kind, scraping from the lanes and roads, chips from the wood cut'ings, and- all kind red bodies, as all these by being Spread in basin like_ form over the surface of the cow-yard, so as to prevent the escape of the liquid voidings. will nut only !weenie valuable manures by the process of decay, but act as absorbents and retainers of the nitrogenous or votatile portions 9f such substances into the food of plants. It would be better to have the cdinpost heap under cover, as that would pre vent the deterioratiou consequent upon exposure to the:rains and snows, but as that is more than- we have a right to expect in the,prusent state of agri cultural improvemeut, we will corrent ourself with respectfully requesting that the materials we have named should; be collected • and deposited as we have pointed out, and that the yards thus provided, be Occasionally sprinkled over with ground plaster, to aid the other materials in the office of fixing and Preventing the escape of the ammonia horn the decaying bodies as it may be formed. - By attention to the, duty we have here pointed out there is no farm which may not be made to furnish a full supply of manure for all the crops usually put in in the spring, as corn and roots generally, for of a truth it may be said that any stiti stance which will rot is capable of being convert ed, by, the means we have indicated: into good manure, and this will not be censitlered an exar getated opinion when; we state the fact, that each head of - stock voids urine enough almost daily to nourish by its ammonia a bushel of grain, hence the imperious necessity which addresses itself to the mind of the economical farmer to avail himself of all practicable Ineanis to preserve it. from loss by evaporation or by behig , washed au-ay. We do not pfetend to say that, by adopting our plan. the whole of the ammonia may he saved, but we do af firm that so mach may be as will renc.er the ma here in the yard in the spring filly pei cent better than it would be if the old slovenly habit of man aging the cow-yard, of permitting each succeeding rain to wash away ice. enriching salts, should•be continued. Corn Stalks.—As we are aware that the hay-crop thioughout a very considerable extent of our coun try has been a short one, we are apprehensive that the provender of stock will be limited, and, thertl;" fore, recommend that so soon as the corn may be safely gathered, that it be so ,' and thesom stalks be cut down and stacked secure from the weather and kept in reserve to feed the cattle with. We do not pretend to affirm that -they will make as nutritive kind- as clover or timothy hay, but we feel prepared to advance the opinion, that, it cut in inch pieces and steamed, they will make a very good-substitnte for either, and will be found talk equal to straw in every quality calculated to sustain the animal sys tem. They should be however gathered and pro tected •as soon as possible, in order that their vir tues may not be leached out of them by the winds and the rain . Can Huska and Corn Cobs.—As the economy of: cattle feed comes commended to us, we will here take time by the forelock to say that all of these should be carefully preserved to be fed to the cows and oxen. The first r♦`e know are cared for with that view. but the latter too often find their way to the fire of negro-quarters. This is a practice which should be abandoned, as t'.-e com.cob contains no inconsiderable quantity of nutrive matter, besides possessing very decided traces of phosphoric acid, a substance vastly important alike in the mainte. mince of integrity of action , in the formation of ani mal beres. Corn-cobs betore being fed should be crushed and steamed, and would be still more de sirable as food, if a small portion of. bran or meal of some'kind were mixed with them. For milch cows the latter mode of feeding them is particular ly desirable. Roots ofall kinds.--Theseehould be taken up and put a4ray-with care before they.abreive injury from frost--if i parked in the opeO air, not more than fifty or a - hundred bushels at farthest should beput in a single heap obey should have sand put be- . tWeen each layer and at the top, an, then coveted • with several, say 8 pr 10 inches of '4ll,lh,fiso folrn ed qs to carry off all rains at the surAitie drauw should be constructed to convey away the water as it may fall, and the preservation of the roots would be promoted by having a ventilator to carry off the air as it may be formed in the heating process to which all vegetable bodies are subject. , • In adj-Cows and fleffirs.—As the frost has or soon will havedespoiled your pastures of their verdure, and your woods uo longer furnish a supply of nu ..trirnent to your cows and heifers in calf, be careful to provide additional food, as it is important key should enter into their winter quartets in good con dition and vigorous health, these being essential prerequisites to carry them well through the win ter and spring, as well as to ensure them that vigor and energy of constitution necessary to enable them to meet those denmnds upon their strength which are made when they are about to become mothers. Such animals should invariably hau te good warm dry quarters to protect them from the elements at this season, as well as by night=-without they are thus Provided, a portion of all the feed you may give them will. be expended in furnishing heat to their bodies.. Yours, S " Working oxen and other block..---These animals should' be provided with quarters at night either in a stable:or good warm shed--it is important that they should be able to sleep both dry and warm, and be provided with plenty-to eat, and good- bed ding. The young should be kept in a separate yard from the old, and if there be any master -beast among them he should be tied up to keep him from woe tying the more docile animals, as well as to pre vent hint from appropriating to himself a-larger por tion of teed than is rightfully his own. Indeed, it would be good policy to accustom all the young cattle to be tied up at night, as it tends to-tender them more tractable and easier-handled when it may become necessary to milk or break them. When tied up, good beds of straw materially add to their comfort. - • S 1 eep.- 7 -The Sheep should be istavided with a good shed into which they can retire whenever they please ; without being entirely chimed, it should be sufficiently so to keep them from the injurious effects of rain and snow. In this racks and troughs should be provided to feed them. They should be weakly provided with fresh straw for bedding, and especial pains should be taken to keep the place• clean. They should be regularly supplied with salt throughout the ,season, say three times a week ; in a trough to be under corer there should be weekly supfilies of fresh tar to be spread over with salt— to this they should be furnished with boughs of pine trice a month. Where wool is the object small qu4ntities of bean meal should be allowed thew-in addition to their long root feed, as the beans con tain more of the wool forming principle than any other vegetable food. Silting of Stock.—We desire to impress this truth upon the minds of our readers—that, to preserve the health of stock, it is necessary they should receive salt at short interval—say at least three times a week. A very excellent substitute for salt may be found in a mixture of equal quantities of salt, ashes and lime, (lime made from oyster shells preferable on account of the phosphate it contains.) The ash es should be sifted before tieing 'mixed with the other substances. Chapping Fecd.—As grain when chopt goes fur ther than when fed whole, by at least 25 pr cent., we recommend that all grain fed to horses and cat tle s'hould be thus prepared and mixed with cut straw or hay. This saving in the consumption of grain is worthy of be ng attended to ; as it will ena ble the farmer to sell so much more than he other- Wiser could, thereby putting so much more money into his pocket. But independent of thesariug, by chopping the grain von present it in a form to the stomach of the animal which is easier digested, and Ni•hich, consequently, tends more to encourage the elaboration of flesh and fat.. Orchnrds.—Dig, around each tree for some four or five feet from its body, to the depth of three inches, turn out the earth, mix with it a gallon of unslacked lime, and leave it in pie until the lime Slacks then ihorotighly incorporate the earth and lime together, and return it to the place whence it 4was taken. If your trees have not already been So treated, give them a coat of the following mixture, first rubbing or scraping off the coarse bark, 1 gal lon of soft soap, 1 lb. of sulphur and 1 pint of salt. ;Stir the whole together well and put it on the body of the tree with a brush, from the roots as far up as Ethe branches. Corti ITomsk—Examine these, and if you find rat holes stop them up. Then thoroughly, cleanse out your corn cribs, by sweeping and washing with strong ley ; that done give them a good white wash ing inside and out, so that they may be thoroughly clean and dry, ready to receive your corn when gathered. Fresh slacked lime spread in a circle aroimd the corn cribs an inch in depth it is said will keep off rats and mice. We do nut vouch for its efficacy, but as an experiment is a cheap one it might be tried.. Poithry Houses.—Those should be thoroughly cleansed and white-washed, walls, roosts,:and hest. At this ressod there idiptild be kept convenient to the-hen boils*, both hue for fowls to pick at and ashes for them to duet in ; and he who desires his bens,talairkLrough the Winter must feed them well, akenultitttelheir feed between corn, oats and.buck whelkihc) give them, say once a week, small ine*- Oft alfriath meat chopt up very fine. Fanestifig Bogs.--.As seen as the mast and tuns of yout- woods cease to afford food for your hogs, pen them up ; --first providing their pens with ma terials to be converted into manure, ns earth, mould, !paves and weeds. When you first pen your hogs give to each a spoonful of flour of sulphur in mes sesof moistened meal or bran---repeat this every other day, for a week, , say three times. Then you way Commence your regrdar feeding. • It is best to cook whatever pumpkins you may have to\feed, mix a little meal with each mess, which should be seasoned with salt. The hogs should be provided with a t- rubbing-post—having. dry covered apart ments to bleep in, receive daily portions of charcoal 11110ARDIXO8 OF acmiscassioN ram sift laliurtza." and 'often wood, as these are necessary to keep the stomach in tone, as• corn and• meal are to make the hogs take on flesh and fat. A handful of Well sift ed hickory ashes given In mess feed occasionally will be found to be conducive to • the health of the hogs. Above all things let not the farmer forget that the hog is one of the best animals, ti manufacture ma nure, and that every cart load of mould which he may supply to his pen, that ; he will every seven days clawed into good meanie. The hog should, at leastltwice a week, have salt feu in his trough, that being first cleaned out and dried. He should also receive fresh water twice a day. Fall Plowing—As all stiff clays are greatly hu proved by being subjected to the action of frost; if you have Any fields of that description have them forthwith plowed, lapping the furrows at an anghrl of about 45 degrees, so as to expose to the act/' of the weather the greatest surface. But • must bear in mind that stiff clays should ne rbe p10w v346 ed when they. may be said to be et, but that you should select that period whe . - ey are neither wet nor dry. - / Cow Sheds.—lf you 're not , already provid,ed your cattle with co 'sheds, do so with Out delay— humanity Lc7sts, as well as interest to yourself, call for the' erection. WI, Carts, Gearing, Implements of Husban dry. ace all these collected together, examine h carefully, repair those that need repairs, and Husban dry. have the whole put away safely under cover. Substances for Manure.—Hare ilk loads of earth hauled convenient to your dwelling, make it up ia to a cone-like form, hollow obi the top so as to form a kind of basin. Intothis birt'have all your cham ber ley, soap-suds, and dish water, poured from now until spring. Immediately after emptying, have half a gallon or gallon of planer strewed thereon, and next spring these fifty loads of earth will have been converted into so many loads oTthe very richest *mature you ever had on your place. Try the the experiment, it will cost you nothing but the labor, and our life on it, you will practice during the residue of your life. The heat mixed before being used. le obe a . •-• We have thus sketched such . as presented themselves to our mind,' njoining it upon you. to Supply everything w may have omitted, we shall conclude by wishing you health and liappi ness.-4merican Farmer. Bethany, and Plain of Jericho. HY HARRIET MARTINEAT We made an excursion from Jerusalem to the Jordan and the Dead Sea; going by way of Betha ny and Jericho, and re inning by the convent Of SL Saba. There is at this day so much danger of falling among thieves in going down from Jerusa lem to Jericho, that travellers join parties when they can, and unite their guards into a corps of arm ed men. Our own party of four joined the ten with whom we had travelled in the Desert: and four strangers—European gentlemen—requested per mission to ride with us. Thus we were eighteen : and the dragomen, cooks. horse-keepers. and mule- , drivers, who took charge of our tents and baggage, and ten armed guards, swelled• our number to that of a caravan which no robbers were likely to at tack., indeed we scarcely saw any body the whole way. The dangerous part of the road appeared de serted, and the plain of Jericho. once studded with towns, and filled with fertility, lay before us almoz,t as lifeless as the basin of the Dead Sea. We left Jerusalem by St. Stephen's gate—my three friends, myself, and onr servants and bag gage, and met the rest of the travelling party at the bi-idge in the valley of Jehosaphat, at 9A. xt. We proceeded by the camel road to Bethany, which Winds np the sido of Olivet, and crosses its ridge to the east. As soon as we had passed the ridge, Be thany came in view, lying on the eastern slope of the mount Olives, and, as we all know, " fifteen • furlongs" distance from Jerusalem. It is now a village inhabited by abont twenty families; a very poor place; but looking less squalid than might be expected, from its houses being built, as every. where in that country, of stone—square, substantial, and large, compared with cottages in England. Its position on the side of the hill is very hue, seen from below. Before descending the hill. however, we alight ed from our horses to visit an old tomb which is called the tomb of Lazarus. No enlightened travel ler believes this to be really the place where Laza rus was buried : but to see any ancient tomb on that spot was an opportunity not to be missed; and we gladly went down the dark rock-hewn steps to the little chamber where some corpse had been laid. have often wished that the old painters had en joyed such opportunities; and then we should have had representations of Lazarus coming forth from chambers in the rock, and not rising from such a grave as is dug in European church-yartls. The limestone rocks of Juclea are full of holes and ravr etts; and we know from the Scriptureshow abun dandy these were used by the old inhabitants as dwellings t for themselves and their cattle, as ashel ter to the wayfirer, a refuge to the fugitive, a hid ing-place for robbers, and a place of deposit for the dead. Where a cavern was found with holes or recesses in its sides, a little labor would make it an extensive place for burial. By squaring the en tranct'T;lnd giving some regularity to the arch of the roof, a handsome vestibule was abLied . and then the recesses were hewn into form for the reception of:bodies. Sometimes these recesses had pits; sometimes niches in their walls, so that each re= ems would contain several bodies : and sometimes they were small, so as to contain only one each.— Sometimes the vestibule opened out into passages, which bad recesses on each hand; so that a large company of the dead might lie hidden in the heart of the mountain. The whole was secured from wild beasts and other intrusionsby a stone door fit ted to the entrance, or a large block rolled up against it. Those who have seen•theee Eastern tenThs can never again be puzzled, as in my childhood, when•reading of " the chambers of the grave," and of the dead calling to one ther in the house•of death, and of the 'atone being rolled away from the. mouth of the sepulchre. Many a , child wonders, as I did, how the u‘y was made clear for Lazarus to come forth / ftterely by fie re moval of a !done: but, once having storirk looking in at the door of a sepulehre v how TWA becomes the picture of Jesus standing th . ,-, and calling to Lazarus with " a loud voice'' come forth! How one hears that voice ec ' through the chambers of the tomb, and ‘ "e dead man in his cere merits appeariii in the steps of the vault, or the ,7 3, shadow of durtec.ess. In thr‘b which we explored at Bethany, the vaulw "eat dp