seven years had elapsed since Texas had etsablish.
7.a her independence , a treaty was concluded for the
aa `" a oationif that republic to the United States,
which was rejected by the Senate. Finally, on the
arat or March, 1845, Congress passeda joint resolu
”a" F oe a nnexing her to the United States, upon
retina preliminary conditions to which her assent
T o miltured. The solemnities which characteriz
edthe deliberations and conduct of the government
an d people of Texas, on the deeply interesting quest
mas presented by these re.soluttons, are known. to
the world
T h e c o ngress the Executives and the people
Vos, in a convention elected for that purpose:,
ac eepted with great unanimity the proposed terms of
= wallop ; and thus consummated on her part the',
try tof restoring to our federal Union a vast
r arr i tn which had been ceded to Spain by the
Flor ida treaty more than a quarter of a century be
fore.•
After the joint resolution for the annexation of
Tens to the United States had been passed by 'our
ogr ess, the Mexican Minister at Washington ad
dressed a note to the Elecetary of State, bearing date
aa the s ixth of March, /8.1 5 , protesting against it aa
as ant of aggresssion, the most unjust which can
be found recorded in the annals of modern history,
sir. that of despoiling a friendly nation, like Mexi
co, of a considerable portion of her territory ;" and
protesting against the resolution of annexation as
Wog an act " whereby the province of Texas, an
i nte gral portion of the Mexican territory, is agreed
sad admitted into the American Union ;" and he
ann ounced that, as a consequence, his mission to
the u nt i e d States had termined. and demanded his
pass p o rts; which ware granted.
It was upon the absurd pretext. made by Mexico,
(herself indebted for her independence to a success
ful r eeplution,) that the republic of Texas still con
tained to be: notwithstanding all that had passed, a
province of Mexico ; that this step was taken by the
Mexican minister.
Every honorable effort has been used by me to
avoid the war which followed, but all have proved
vain. All our attempts to preserve peace have been
rag by insult and resistance on the part of Mexico.
Mc efforts to this end commen ced in the tenth of
slarch, 1845, in answer to that of the Mexican
ruinisler.
Whilst declining to reopen a disscussion which
bad already been exhausted, and proving again
what was known to the whole world, that Texas
bad long since achieved her independence, the Secre
tary of State expressed the regret of this govern
ment that Mexico should have taken offence at the
resolution of annexation passed by Congress, and
gave assurance that our " most strenuous efforts
chat be devoted to the amicable adjustment of eve
ry cause of complaint between the sister republics."
That I have acted in the spirit of this assurance,
will appear from - the events which have since oc
curred. Notwithstanding Mexico had abruptly ter
minated all diplomatic intercourse with the United
States, and ought, therefore, to ask for its resump
bon, yet, waiving all ceremony, I embraced the
earliest favorable opportu city "to ascertain from
the Mexican government whether they would re
ceive an envoy from the United States instructed
with full power to adjust all the questions in dispute
between the two governments." In September,
lS4t, I believed a propitious moment for such an
overture had arrived. Texas, by the enthusiastic
and almost unanimous will of her people, had pro-
iounced in favor of annexation.
Mexico herself had agreed to acknowledge the in
'epeudance of Texas subject to a condition, it is
rne,,winch she had right to impose and no power
. _
enforce.
_ The last lingering hope of Mexico, if
could have retained any, that Texas would
ever again become, one of her provinces, must have .
teen abanoned.
The consul of the United States at the city of
Mexico, was, therefore, instructed by the Secretary
e,f State on the fifteenth of September, 1845, to make
the Inquiry of the Mexican government.
The inquiry was made, and on the fifteenth of
October, 1845, the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the
Meuran government, in a note addressed to our
ram!, gave a favorable response, requesting, at the
!sine cone, that our naval forces might be with
qawn from Vera Cruz while negotiations should
be pending. Upon the receipt of this note, our na
val fume was promptly withdrawn from Vera Cruz.
A minister was immediately appointed, and de
puted to Mexico. Every thing bore a promising
;ipect for a speedy and peaceful adjustment of all
nor difficulties.
At the date of my annual message to Congress,
in December last, PO doubt was entertained but that
bewould.be received by the Mexican government,
and the hope was cherished that all cause of mis
understanding between the two countries would be
ipeedily removed. In the confident hope that such
would be the result of his mission, I informed Con-
Eress that I forebore at that time to “ recommened
such ulterior measures of redress for the wrongs
and injuries we had so long borne, as it would
have been proper to make had no such negotiation
been instituted." To my surprise and regret, the
llenean government though soleinnly pledged to do
, 0, upon the arrival of our Minister in Maxim, re
9,ted to receive and accredit him.
When he reached Vera Cruz, on the thirtieth of
November, 1845, he found that the aspect of affairs
had undergone an unhappy change. The govern
nett of Gen. Herrera, who was at that time Presi
dent of the republic, was tottering to its fall. Gen.
Paredes (a military leader) had manifested his de.
Irrminatton to overthrow the government of Herrera,
nr mi:i:ary revolution : and one of the principal
mass which he employed to effect - his purpose,.
render the government of Herrera odious to the
army and people of Mexico, was by loudly con
demning its determination to receive a minister of
rare from the United States, to dismember the ter
' tom of Mexico, by ceding away the department of
Texas.
The government of Herrera is believed to have
well disposed to a pacific adjustment of ex
ults; difficulties ; but alarmed for its own security,
wad in order to ward off the danger of the revolat
m led by Paredes, violated its own solemn agree
elm, and refused to receive or accredit our min
mer; and this, although informed that he bad been
invested with full power to adjust all questions in
dispute between the two governments.
A innng the frivolous pretexts lor:this refusal, the
rine:pal one was, that our minister had not gone
Wes a special mission, confined to the question of
Tens alone, leaving all the outrages upon our flag
and CAIT citizens unredressea.
The, Mexican government well kenw ' that both
ant national honor and the protection due to our
cozens imperatively required that the two-questions
o Chonndary and indemnity should be treated of
keener, as naturally and inseparably blended, and
keener,
ought to have seen that this course was best
calculated to enable the U. States to extend to them
' l '.'lnno liberal justice. On the 30th of Dec., 18 15 .
i-; •lierrera resigned the presidency, and yielded
t . P.the government to General Paredes without a
L mßic Thus a revolution was accomplished
" ' % lely by the army commanded by Paredes, and the
Reran power in Mexico passed into the bands if
Itiltaty usurper ute , who was known to be bitterly
In the United States.
AW N ,
°el the prospect of a pacific adjustment
, a 'Lb thie oew government was unpromisingfrona
, ra hostility of its head to the United States,yet
d etermined that nothing should be left undone 013
as Pan to restore friendly relations between the
, t rhlries, our minister was instructed to pre=
his credentials to the new government, and ask
accredited by it in the diplomatic charac
-7.2lthich he had been commissioned. These in •
e'ss be executed by his note of the first of
„7,1848, addressed to the Mexican Minister of
i rwi r t f i s Alfaus, but his request was insultingly re
ittmk,„.7 that minister on the twelfth of the same
55 Soalternative remained but for our minis
itatateZand his passports, and return to the Uni-
Thu s -
t ate
ei l ra; the extraordioary spectacle presented
arm Civi l ized world of a government, in violation
a iztste 4 r "ress agrement, having twice rejected.
Miu st ~.° C Peace, invested with full powers to •
toza me existing differences between the two
11:11.140est
aware anner just and honorable to both.
—.e.that modern history presents a pa'
in which, in time of peace, one Ration
ro t Z e d m .c.vee lo hear propositions another.
sk arcei mall existing difficultierbetween them.
'late nt° , ,hone of adjusting our difficnilties. even
ta, cow , te or of preserving peace with Meat
ae ke,:d"oher
the while Paredes remained at
aip„,ttie government. Re bad acquired the
e' sol "c enia r h YLmilitary revolution; and unit
pledges to wage war igainst
United States; and to reconquer • Texas; which he
claimed as a revolted province of Mexico: lie had
denounced as guilty of treason all those Mexicans
,who considered Texas as no longer a part of the
territory -of Mexieo,'aidosho *ere friendly, to the
cause of peace.. The duration of the war whiclile
waged.against the Ui States was idefinite, because:
the object which he proposed, of the reconquest of
Texas, was hopeless. Besides, there was good rea
son to believe, from all his conduct, that it was his
intention to convert the republic of Mexico into a mo
narchy, and to call a foreign European prince to the
throne. Preparatory to this end, be bad, during his
short rale, destroyed the liberty of the press, tolera
tiug'that portion' of it • which openly advocated the
establishment of a monarchy: The better to secure
the success his ultimate designs; he had by an arbi
trary decree, convoked a Congress—not to be elect.;
ed by the free voice of the people; but to be chosen
I in a manner to make them subservient to his will,
and to give him absolute control over their delibe
rations.
Under all these circumstances, it was believed
that any revolution in Mexico, founded upon oppo.;
sition to the ambitious projects of Parades, would
tend to promote the causeof- peace as well as pre
vent any attempted European interference in the af
fairs of the North American continent—both objects
of 'deep interest to the United States. Any such
foreign interference; if attempted, must have been
resisted by the-United States. My Views upon that
subject were fully communicated to Congress in my
last annual message. In any event, it was certain
that no change whatever in the government of Mexi
co which would deprive Paredes of power could be
for the worse, so far as , the United States were con
cerned, while it was highly probable that any change'
most be for the better.
This was the state of affairs existing when Con
gress, on the thirteenth of May last, recognised the
existence of a war which had been ontomenced by
the Governthent of Paredes; and it became an ob-
ject of much importance, with a view to a speedy
settlement of our difficulties and the restoration of
an honorable peace, that Paredes should not retain
power in Mexico.
Before that time there were symptoms of a revo
lution in Mexico, favored, as it was understood to
be, by the more liberal party, and especially' by
those who were opp)sed to foreign interference and
to the monarchial form of government. Santa An-
na was then in exile in Davana, having been ex
pelled from power and banished from his country
by a revolution which occured in December, 1844;
but it was known that he had still a considerable
party in his favor in Mexico. It was also equally
well known that no vigilance which could be exert
ed by our squadron, would in all probability, have
prevented him from effecting a landing somewhere
on the extensive gulf coast of Mexico, if he desired
to return to his country. He had openly professed
an entire change of policy; had expressed his re-
gret that he had subverted the federal constitution
of 1824, and avowed that he was now in favor of
its restoration. He had pnblicly declared his hos
tility, in the strongest terms, to the establishment of
a monarchy; and to European interference in the af
fairs of his country. Information to this effect had
been received, from sources believed to be reliable,
at the date of the recognition of the existence of the
war by Congress, and was afterwards fully confirm-
ed by the receipt of the despatch of our consul in
the city of Mexico. with the accompanying docu
ments, which are herewith transmitted. Besides, it
was reasonable to suppose that he must see the ru
inous consequences to Mexico of a war with the U.
States, and that it would be his interest to favor
peace.
It was under these circumstances and upon these
considerations that it was deemed expedient not to
obstruct his return to Mexico, should he attempt to
du so. Our object was the restoration of peace;—
end with that view, no reason was perceived why
we should take part with Paredes, and aid him, by
means of our blockade, in preventing the return of
his old rival to Mexico. On the contrary, it was be
lieved that the intestine divisions which ordinary
sagacity could nut but anticipate as the fruit of San
ta Anna's return to Mexico, and his contest with
Paredes, might strongly tend to produce a disposi
tion with both parties to restore and preserve peace
with the United States. Paredes was a soldier by
profession, and a monarchist in principle. He had
but recently before been successful in a military re
volution, by which be had obtained power. He
was the sworn enemy of the United States, with
which he bad involved his country in the existing
war. Santa Anna •had been expelled from power
by the army, was known to be in open hostility to
Paredes, and publicly pledged against foreign inter
vention and the restoration of monarchy in Mexico.
In view of these facts and circumstances it was,
that, when orders were issued to the commander of
our naval forces in the Gulf, on the Ilth day of May
last, the day on which the existence of the war was
recognised by Congress, to place the coast of Mexi
co under blockade, he was directed not to obstruct
the passage of Santa-Anna to Mexico, should be
attempt to return. '
A revolution took place in Mexico in the early part
of August following, by which the power of Paredes
was overthrown, and he has since been expelled,
from the country, and is now in exile. Shortly af
terwards, Santa Anna returned. It remains to be
seen whether his return may not prove to be favo
rable to a pacific adjustment of the existing difficul
ties, it being manifestly his interest not to persevere
in the prosecution of a war commenced by Paredes,
to accomplish a purpose so absurd as the reconquest
of Texas to the Sabine. Had Paredes remained in
power, it is morally certain that any pacific adjust
ment would have been hopeless.
Upon the commencement of the hostilities by
Mexico against the United States, the indignant spi
rit of the nation was at once aroused. Congress
promptly responded to the eipectations of thc coon
try, and, by the act of the thirteenth of May last, re
cognised the fact that war existed, by the act of
Mexico, between the United States and that repub
lic, and granted the means necessary for its rigo
rous prosecution. Being involved in a war thus'
commenced by Mexico, and for the justice of which
on our part we may confidently appeal to the whole
world, I resolved to prosecute it with the utmost'
vigor. Accordingly, the ports of Mexico on the
Gulf and on the Pacific have been' placed under
blockade, and her territory invaded at several int-
portant•points. The reports from the departments
of War and the Navy will inform you more in detail
of the measure adopted in the emergency in which
our country "as placed, and of the gratifying re-.
sults which have been accomplished. . -
The various columns of the army have perform
ed their duty under great disadvantages, with the
' most distinguished skill anti courage. The view
ries of Palo Alto, and Resaca de la Palma, and pi(
Monterey, won against greatly superior numbers,
and against most decided advatnages in other re
spects on' the part of the enemy, were brilliant in
their 'execution, and entitle our' brave officers and,
soldiers to the grateful thanks of their coentry.—
The nation depleres the loss of the brave officers
and then who have gallantly fallen while vindica.
ting and defending theircoontry's rights and honor.
It is a subject of pride and satisfaction that our
volunteer citizen-soldiers, who so promptly respon
ded to their country's call, with an experience of
the discipline of the camp of "only a few weeks,
have borne their part in the - bard fought battle of
Monterey with a constancy and courage equal to
that of veteran troops, and . worthy of the highest
admiration.' The privations of long marches thro'
the enemy's country, and through a wilderness have
been borne without a Murmur. By rapid move
ments the province of New Mexico, with Santa Pe.
its capital,has been captured without bloodshed. The
navy has co-operated with the army, and rendered
'important services; if not so brilliant, it is because
they had no force to meet them on their own ele
ment, and because of the defences which nature has
interposed in the difficulties of tho navigation on the
Mexican coast. Our squadron on the Pacific, with :
the co-operatioa of a gallant officer of the army, and
a small force hastily collected in, that distant coon
try, have acquired bloodless posiession of the C.alDi
fornias, and the American Bag has -been raised at
every impOrtint point in that. province- • •
I congratulate you on the success which has thus
attended our -military- and naval operations. lit
less than seven months titer Mexico commenced
hostilities, at a time selected by, herself, we have
taken possession .of many of her principal ports.
driven back - and_ pursued ber invading army, and
acquired military possession of the Mexican pro
vinces of New Mexico, New Leon. Coahuila,Tii
matilipus, and the California, a territory larger in
extent than that . embraced in the original-thirteen
States of the Union, inhabited by a considerable
population, and much of it more than a thousand
miles from the points at ' , which we had to collect
our forces and commence'our movements. 13f the
bloCkade, the import and export trade of the enemy.
has been int off: • - .'• '
Well may lie American peoplebe proud of :the
energy and gallantry tif our regular' and volunteer
officers and sofdiert. The events of these few
months afford a gratifying proof that our country
can, adder any emergency, confidently rely for the
maintenance of ber-honor, and the defence of her.
rights, on an effective force, ready at all Mmes vol
untarily to relinquish the comforts of home for the
perils of the camp- - vtn4 though such a force may
be for the time expensive, it is in the end economi
cal, as the.ability to-command it removes the ne
cessity of employing a large standing army in time
of peace, and proves that our people love their in
-ititntions, and are ever ready to defend and protect
them
Whilst war was in a coarse of vigorous and suc
cessful prosecution, being still anxious to arrest its
evils, and considering that, after the brilliant victo
ries of onr arms on the eight and ninth of Mayfast,
the national honor could not be coroprom iced by it,
another overture was made to Mexico, by my di
rection, on the twenty' seventh of July last, to ter
initiate hostilities by. a peace just and honorable to
both countries. On the 31st of August following,
the Mexican government declined to accept this
friendly overture, but referred .it io the decision ol
a Mexican Congress, to be assembled in the earl
f
part of the present month.• I communicate to you,
herewith, a copy of Aherletter of the Secretary of
State proposing to reopen negotiations, of the an
swer of the Mexican government, and of the reply
thereto of the Secretary of State. .
The war will continue to be prosecuted with. vigor
as the means of securing peace. It is hoped that
the decision of the Mexican Congress, to which our
last overture has been referred, may result in a
speedy and honorable peace. With oprexperience,
however,nt the unreasonable courte of the Mexican
authorities, it is the part of wisdom not to relax in
the energy of our military operations until the re-
In this view, it is deemed Am-
suit is made known
portant to bold military possession of all the pro-
vinces which have been taken, until a definitive
treaty of peace shall have been concluded and rati-
Led by the two countries.
The war has not been waged with a view to con
quest ; but having been commenced by Mexico, it
has been carried into the enemy's country, and will
be vigorously prosecuted there; with a view to ob
tain an honorable peace, and thereby secure ample
indemnity for the expenses of the war, as well as to
our much ipjured citizens, who hold large pecuniary
demands aga inst Mexico.
By the laws of nations a conquered territory is
subject to be governed by the conqueror during his
military possession, and until there is either a trea
ty of peace; or be shall voluntarily withdraw from
it. The old civil government being necessarily an•
perseded, it is thenright and duty of the conqueror
to secure his conquest,and to provide for the main
tenance of civil order and the rights of the inhabi
tants. This right has been exercised, and this duty
performed, by our military and naval commanders,
by the establishment of temporary governments in
some of the conquered provinces in Mexico, asmi
lating them as far as practicable to the free institu
tions of our own country. In the provinces ofNew
Mexico, and of the Caitfornias, little if any further
I resistance is apprehended from the inhabitants to
the temporary governments which have thus, from
the necessity of the oase,and according to the laws
of war, been establisited. It may be proper to pro
vide for the security ofthese important conquests
by making an adequate appropriation for the pur
pose of erecting fortifications and defraying the ex
penses necessarily incident to the maintenance of
our possession and authority over them.
Near the close of oar last session, for reasons
communicated to Congress, I deemed it important,
as a measure seen - ring a speedy peace with Mexico,
that a sum of money should be appropriated and
placed in the power of the Executive, similar to that
which had been made upon two former occasions,
daring the administration of President Jefferson.
On the 20th of February, 1803, an appropriation
of $2,000,0(0 was made, and placed at the disposal
of the President. Its object is well known. It was
at that time in contemplation to acquire Louisiana
from France, and it was intended to be applied as a
part of the consideration 'which might be paid for
that territory. On the 13th of February, 1806, the
same sum was in like manner appropriated, with a
view to the purchase of the Floridas from Spain.—
These appropriations were made to facilitate ne
gotiations, and as a means to enable the President
to accomplish the important objects in view.—
Though it-did not become necessary for the Presi
dent to use these appropriations,yet a state of things
might have arisen in which it would have been
highly important for him to do so, and the wisdom
of making them cannot be doubted. It is believed
that the measure recommended at your last session
met with the approbation of decided majorities in
both houses of Congress. Indeed, in different forms,
a bill making an approbation of $2,000,001 passed
each house, and it is much to be regretted that it
did not become a law. The reasons Which induced
me to recommend the measure at that time, still
exist; and I again submit the subject for your con
sideration, and suggest the importance of early ac-,
tion upon it. Should the appropriation be made, and
be Just needed, it will remain in the treasury:
should it-be deemed proper to apply it in whole or
in part, it will be accounted for as other public ex
penditures.
Immediately after Congress had recognised the
existence of the war with Mexico, my attention was
directed to the danger that privateers might be fitted
out in the ports of Cuba and Porto Rico to prey up
on the commerce of the Ilnitid States; and I invi
ted the special attention of the Spanish government
tcrthe 14th article of our treaty with that power of
the 20th of October, -1795, - under which the citizens
and subjects of either nation who shall take com
missions or letters of .marque to act as privateers
against the other, “shall be punished as pirates."
It affords me pleasure to inform you that I have
received assurances from the Spanish government
that this article of the treaty shalt be faithfully ob
served on its part. Orders for this purpose were
immediately transmitted from that government to
the authorities of Cuba and Porto Rico to exert'
their utmost vigilance in preventing any attempts
to fit out privateers in those islands against the
United States. From the good faith of Spain lam
fully satisfied that this treaty will be executed in its
spirit as well as its letter; whilst the United States
will, on their part, faithfully perform a7l the obliga
tions which it imposes on them.
Information has been recently received at the
Department of State that the Mexican government
has sent to Havana blank commissions to privateers.
and blank certificates of naturalization, • signed by
General Silas, the present head of the Mexican go
vernment. There is, also, reason to apprehend that
similar documents have been transmitted to other
parts of the world. Copies of these papers, in trans
lation, are herewith transmitted.
. As the preliminaries required by the practice of
civilized nations for commissioning privateers and,
regulating their conduct appear not to have been
observed, and as these commissions are in, blank,
to be filled up with the names of citizens and sub-1
jets of all nations who may be ' to purchase
them, the whole proceeding can only be construed
as an invitation to all the freebooters upon earth,
who are willing to pay for the- privilege to cruise
against American commerce. It will be for our
mutts of justice to decide whether, under such Mr
cumstances, these Mexican letters of marque and
reprisal shat protect those who accept them, and
commit robberies upon the high seas under. their
authority, from the pains and penalties of piracy.
If the certificates of naturalization thus , granted,
be intended by Mexico to shield Spanish subjects
from the guilt and punishment of piratesoinder our
treaty with qpain, they will certainly prove unavail
ing. Such a subterfuge would be but a Weak de-,
vice to defeat the provisions ofa solemn treaty., .
1.1 - momo:tend that Congress should immediately,
provide by law for the trial-and punishment as'pi
ratesof Spanish subjects, who, escaping the, vigi
lance of their government, shall be found, guilty of
priv,sueering against the United States. I do not.
apprehend actions' danger [rem these, privateers.--
Our navy will be constantyon.the alert to protect
our commerce. Besides, is case prize:l - should be
made of American vessels; the Utmost, vigilance
will beexerted by our blockading squadron to' pre
vent the captors , from taking ihem into. Mexican
ports, and it is not apprehended that any nation will,
violate its neutrality by suffering inch prizes to be
Condemned and sold within its jurisdiction.
.
I recommend that Contras should immedialelY
provide by law for'grnating letters if Marque and
reprisal against vessels under the Mexican Asp_ It .
15%1rue - that there are lint few,
„if toy; emintercial
'vessels of litexicii 'upon ,the high seis;' - iind it is'
therefore not probable' that' Many American pries
teen would be Ailed out, in case a lieshould Oise
authorizing this mode of warfare: It is; notwilh
standing,:cermia 'that such privateers may render
good seriice tq the commercial interests' of the
country, by recapturing our merchant ships, should
any be taken by armed vessels under the Merl
can flag, art well as by capturing these vessels
themselves: Every means within our power should
be rendered available for the protection of oar
commerce. -
The IMMO rapid of the Beeritity'of the Treasary
wilt iihibit a detaikd inideasent Of the, condition of the
fiiiiieee. The impede for the llisealyear ending on the
30th of lone list, were of the value of $121,691,7971
of which the amount expoTtei was $11,346123; leas.
log the anusant retained in tb"e - country for domestic
consumption $110,345;114. - The value of the exports
for the same period wee $113,486,516; Of *bleb $102,-
141,693 masted of dometstie prahmtions, anti $11,31100
823 of foreign articles. ' • -
the receipts into the treasury for the awe year were
$29,499,247.08; of which them was desivesi from ems.
Vials $28,712,687 'B7 ;• from sales of public lands. $7,•
694,452 48; land from incidental and miscelhmenue
sources, $92 126 71 ;. en 3 the bAstree in the treasury
on the, first day of July last wes $9,126,439 08;
The amount of the public debt, including treasury
notes, on the first of the present month, was $24,258,-
494 60; of which the sum or $17,788,799 62 eras out
standing on the fourth of March, 1845, leaving the ern
mutt incurred since that time'56,467,694 98.
In:order to proasente the war with Mexico with vigor,
end enenil. Al the beat means of bringing it to sapeedy
and honorable termination; a further loan will be neea•
awry to meet .the expenditures for the present and the
next final yeses. If the war should be continued until
the 00th of Juue, 1848—being the end of the neat fiscal
year—ii is estimated 'halite additional loan of 823,000,-
000 will. be required. This estimate is mule upon the
assumption that it will he necesstuy to retain constantly
in the
treasury four millions of dollars to guard against
contingencies. If such surplus were not required to be
retained, then a loan of nineteen millions of dollars
would be sufficient. If, however, Congress should, at
the present session, impose a revenue duty on the prin
cipal articles now end:sand in the free list, it is estima
ted that an additional revenue of shoot two millions and
half, amounting. it is estimated, on the 00th of June,
1848, to four millions of dollar*, would be derived from
that source, and the loan required would be reduced by
that amount. It is estimated also, that should Congress
graduate and reduce the price of such of the public lands
as base been long .. in the market, the additional revenue
derived frau:l'lbn source amid be annually, for seam!
years to come;between half a million and • million or
dollars; and the loan required may be reduced by that
amount also. Should these measures be adopted, the
loan required would not probably exceed eighteen or nine
teen millions of dollars—leaving in the treasury a con
stant surplus of four millions of dollars. The loan pro-
posed, it is estimated, will be sufficient to cover the no.
cessary expenditures both fur the war and all other par
poses. up to the 30th of June, 1848 ; and an amount of
this loan, not exceeding one-ball. may be required dur.
in: the present Steal year, and the greater part of the
remainder during the first half of the fiscal year succeed-
i ng.
In or4erkhat timely notice may he given, end proper
rneasurea taken to effect the loan, or such portion of it
as may be required. it is important that the authority of
Congress to make it, be given at an early period :f your
present session. ft in suggested that the loan -be
contracted fin a period of twenty years, with authority
to purthase the stock and pay it off, at an earlier period,
at its market value, out of any surplus which may at any
time be in the treasury applicable to that purpose. After
the establishment of peace with Mesita, it is supposed
that a considerable surplus will exist, and that the debt
may be extinguished in a much shorter period than that
for which it may be contracted. The period of twenty
years. as that for which the proposed loan may be con
tracted, in preference to a shorter period, is suggested,
because all experience, both at home and abroad, has
shown that loans are effected upon much beuer terms
upon long time,than when they are reimbursable at short
dates. Necessary as this measure is to sustain the honor
and the interests of the country, engaged in a foreign
war, it is not doubted but that Congress will promptly
authorize it:
The balance in the treasury on the first of July last,
tee:soled nine millions of dollars, notwithstanding con
siderable expenditures bad been made for the war during
the.months of May and June preceding. But for the
war, the whole public debt could and would have been
extinguished within a abort period ; and it was a part of
my settled policy to do a, and thus relieve the people
from its burden, and place the government in' a positron
which would enable it to reduce the public expenditure
to that economical standard which is most consistent
with the general welfare, and the pure and wholesome
progress of our institutions-
Among our just causes of complaint. against Mexico,
arising out of her refusal to treat for peace, as well be
fore as since the war so unjustly commenced ocher part,
are the extraordinary expenditures in which we have
been involved. Justice to our own people will make it
proper that Mexico should be held responsible for these
expenditures.
Economy in the Public expenditures is at all times a
high duty which all public functionaries of the govern
ment owe to the people. This duty becomes the ,more
imperative in a period of war, when large and extrarardi.
nary expenditures become unavoidable . . tearing the ex
istence of the war with Mexico, all our resources should
be husbanded, and no...appropriation, made except such
as aro absolutely necessary for irs vigorous prosecution
and the administration of the government. Objects of
appropriation which in peace may be deemed useful or
proper, but Which are not Indispensable for the public
service, may, when the country is engaged in a foreign
war, be well postponed to a future period. By the ob
aervance of this policy at your present session, large am.;
ounts may be saved to the treasury, and bi applied to
objects of pressing and argent necessity. and thus the
creation of a conespondingp amount of public debt , may
be avoided. •
It is not meant to recommend that the ordinary and
necessary appropriations for the sukort of government,
should be withheld, but it is well known that at every ,
session of Congress appropriations are proposed for nu. ,
memos objects which may or may not be made, without
materially affecting the public interests; and these it is ,
recommended should Got be granted. 11
The act Passed at your last session r reducing the du
ties on imports" not having gone into operation until the
first of the present month, there has not been tune for its
practical erect upon the revenue and the business of the
country, to be developed. It is not doubted, however,
that the just policy which it adopts will add largely to
our foreign trade, and promote the general prosperity.—
Although it cannot be.ronatnly foreseen what amount of
revenue it will yield, it is animated that it will exceed
that produced by the act of 1842, which it superseded.:
The leading principles established by it are, to levy the j
taxes with a view to raise revenue, Rodin impose thenal
upon,the articles imported &cent ling to their actual value.
The act of 1842, by the excessive rates of duty which,
it imposed on many articles, either totally excluded theno
from importation, or greatly reduced the amount imported,
and thus diminished instead of producing revenue. By
it the taxes wereciniposed noefor the legitimate purpose
of raising revenue, but to afford advantages to favored
classes, at the expense of a large majority - of their fellow '
cidrons. Those employed in egrroulture, mechanical
vomits, commerce and navigation, were compelled to I
contribute from their. substance to swell, the profits and
overgrown wealth of the comparatively few who tiad in . ,
vested their capital in manufactures. The taxeswere
net levied in proportion to the value of the l artseies upon
which they were Imposed t' but, widely
. departirig from
this just role, the lighter lases were, in many cases,
levied upon articles of luxury and high price, and the
heavier taxes on those of necessity and low price, con
sinned by theireat mare of the people: It was a ;spurn.
the inevitable effect Of which waste relieve favored clas
ses and the wealthy few from contributing their 'just
proportion for the support of government, and ter lay the
burden on the labor of the many, engaged In irthar pur
suits than manufactures. . • •
A system so 'unequal and unjust bas been superseded
by the e xisting , law , which imposes duties nee for the
tomtit or itijory of Claret co morsoits, but distributes,
sod, as far as pr.cticaVe, equalizes the lathUc hod"'
among all classes and occupation. The favored times
who, under the unequal and unjust' estate whirl has
heat "Pealed.. have heretofore nialiaed farge profits,
and many them amused largo &dump at ,the =-
prose of the many who have been' made , tributary to
than, will hare no Reason to complain if they shall be
required to - beer their just pro Patios of the urea mese
sery for. the cop** of government. 8o far from it, it
will bo iterosivid, by as oungoation of the exiathiglaw,
in thalweg of day intposfd t within
discrimMabom
theieNttline:PritutiPAe, beisla.iiita in their
The int:Am* sia .a s eku. k luyei g n competition which
tbry Mill enjoy gives them am rideentage which no ether
Pletinits. Peseta Olut el this none ohms will Complain.
because the, &tier' levied toe nenessery for revs, or.—
theserevenue duties; including freights out cbstgar,
. _
which the importer must tee before beef.' come io cora-
Petition with the bone manufacturer to ear morkets,
amount on pearly all our , loading branches of nt4nutse.
tine, to more than oniothird of the value of the imported
Wide, and in some MCI to altnottlalf its value. With
such advantages, it is not doubted that our d..nestie Mo.
nifacturee will continue to prosper, realising in well
_ .
eondueted establishments even greater porno arm: can be
derived from any other regular businc.a. .ludeed, 110 far
_from requiring the protection of even incidental - revenue
duties, our manufacturers in sevrral leading
of
•
eimodtng their businaa, giving evidence of great loge•
achy and of their ability to compete, with increased pre
pect of aucties, for the open masitet .4 . thew rid, D..
mastic usanufactaree, to the value of severs) millions of
dollars, which Cannot Bud • market at home, are wimp ,ity
exported to foreign countries. With suds rates of duty
so those established by the existing law, the system will
probably he permanent; and capitalists, who have made
or shall hereafter make, their investments in manufac
tures will knovi upon what to rely. The roantry will
be satisfied with these rotes, because the advantages
Which the manufacturers, still enjoy, result netersarily
L•om the collection of revenue for the support of govern
ment. High protective rfolirs, from their unjust opera
tion upon the masses of the peOple, cannot tail to give
'tette extensive dissatisfaction and cernpliinr, and In
constant efforts to chant. or repeal them, rendering on
invesunenta in manufactnres uncertain end precarious.
Lower and more permanent safes of duty, at the same
time that they will yield to the manufacturer fair and
remunerating profits, will secure him against the danger
of fieguent changes its the system; which cannot fail to
ruinously affect his interests.
Simultaneously with the relaxation of the restrictive
policy by the United States, Groat Britain, from whose
example we derived the system, has relaxed hers. She
has modified her corn laws, and reduced many other du
ties to moderate revenue rates. After ages of experience,
the statesmen of that country have been conitraicted by
a stern necessity. and by a public opinion basing its deep
foundation in the sufferings and wants of impoverished
millions, to abandon a system the effect of which was to
build up immense [attune,. in the hands of the few, and
to reduce the laboring millions to pauperism and misery.
Nearly in the same ratio, that labor was depraved, capi
tal wee increased and concentrated by the aitish pro-
teens° policy.
The smiled the system is Great Britain were at length
rendered intolerable, and it has been abandoned, but not
without a severe woggle on the p art of the protected and
favored classes to retain the unjust advantages which
they have so long enjoyed. It was to• be expire-bid that a
similar struggle would be made by the same classes in the
United States, whenever an attempt was made to modify
' or abolish the same unjust system here. The protective
policy had been in operation in the United States for a
much shorter period, and its pernicious effects were not.
therefore, so clearly perceived and felt. Enonxh, how-
ever, was known of these effects, to induce its repeal.
It would be strange if, in the face of the example a
~Great Britain,our. principal foreign customer, and of the
evils of • system rendered manifest in that country by
long and painfobexperience, and in the fire of the im
mense advantages which, under a more liberal enamel-
cial policy, wit are already deriving, and must continue to
derive, by supplying her stinting population with food,
the United States should restore a policy which she has
been compelled to abandon, and thus diminish her ability
.to purchase from us the food and other articles which she
so much needs, and we so much desire to sell.
13y the simultaneous abandonment of the. protective
policy by Gut Britain and the United States, new and
important markets have already been opened for our agri
cultural and other products; commerce and navigation
base received a new impulse; labor and trade have bees
released from the artificial trammels which have so long
fettered them; and to a great extent reeepricity, in the
exchange of commodities, has been introduced at the
Name time by both countries, and greatly forth, benefit
of both. Great. Britain has been famed, by the pressure
of circumstances at home, to abandon a policy which has
been upheld for ages, and to open her markets for our
immense surplus of breadstuff's; and it is Confidently be
lieved that the other powers of Europe will ultimately
see the wisdom, if they be not compelled by the paupor
ism and suffinnip of their crowded population, to pur
sue a similar policy.
Our farmers are more deeply interested is maintaining
the just and liberal policy of the existing law that: any
other class of our citizens. They constitute a large por
tion of our population; and it is well known that wino
they prosper, all other pursuits prosper also. They have
heretofore not only received none of the cretonnes or fa
vors of government. but, by the coequal operations of the
protective policy', have been made. by the burdens of tai.:
ation which it imposed, to contribute to the bounties
which have enriched others.
When a foreign as well as a horoe market. is opened
to them, they must receive, as they are now receiving, in
creased prices for their products. They will find a read
ier sale, and at better prices, fur their wheat, flour, rice,
Indian corn, beef, pork, lard, butter; cheese, and other
articles, which they produce. The home-market alone
is inadequate to enable them to dispose of the immense
surplus of food and other articles which they an capable
of producing, even at the mast reduced prices, for the
wannest reason that they 'cannot be consumed in the
country. The United States can, from their immense
surplus, supply not only the borne demand, but „the de
ficiencies of fond required by the whole world.
That the reduced production of some of the chief arti
cles of food in Greet Britain, and other parts of Europe,
may have contributed to increase the demand for our
breadstuff* and provisions, is not doubted ; hut that the
great and efficient cause of this increased demand, and of
increased prices, consists in the removal of -artificialtre
striations heretofore imposed, is deemed to be equally
certain. That our exports of food, already increased
and inerewing beyond former example. under the more
liberal policy which ban been adopted,will be still vastly
enlarged, unless they be checked or prevented by a restore.
lion of the protective policy, cannot be doubted. That
our commercial and navigating interests will be enlarged
inacorrespontling ratio with the increase of trade, is equ
ly certain t while our manufacturing interests will
still be the favored interest of the country, end receive
the incidental protection afforded them by revenue duties;
and more than this they cannot justly demani.
In my annual message of December last, a tariff of
revenue duties based upon the principles of the existing
law was recommended ; and I have seen no reason to
change the opinions then expressed. In -.view of the
probable beneficial effects of that level I recommend that
this policy established by it be maintained. It has bat
just commenced to operate : and .to abandon or modify
it, without giving it a fair trial, would. be inexpedient
and unwise, Should defects in any of its details be as
certainei by actual experience to exist, these ..inay be
hereafter corrected ; but until such defects shall become
manifest, the act should be fairly tested. •
It is submitted for your consideration,whether it may
not be proper, as a waemeuore,stto impose revenue do
ties on some of the articles now embraced in the free_
Ilst. Should it be deemed proper to impose inch duties,
with a view to raise revenue to meet the expenses of the
war with Mexico, or to avoid to that extent the creation
of a public debt, their may be repealed when The emer
gemey which gave ride to them ehall cease to exist, end
einettute no part of the permanent policy of thee:ow:try ;
The act of the Sib oCAngest last, "to provide for the better
organisation of the treasury. and far the colleetanysamkeepitig
transfer and disbursement of the !tektite revenue," has been tar
ried into execution as rapidly a. the delay neeerantily ari.ng
out of the oppounmmit of new officers, talieg and approving
their hones, and, preparing and sneering proper plates ibr ill.: •
sasekeeping of the public money, would permit. leas not pro
posed thllepart In any respeet.thaln the prineiplea nn:t poles
onwteeh this great =eaten. is then led. There are. however.
defects in the details of the measure, developed by its practical
operation, which are. 'CI forth in the report crew Secretary of
the Thesery,lo your aitenoon Wee:tied. The . , dethets
world impair to sane extent the seeress aloperation of Vie
law at .W 1 times, Inc are eaps'ally embarrass ng When the
country is engaged in a war. when the expenditure* are great
ly. incromed; , Jantll disbursements made at many hundred miles
411.41114 •
fri connexion with this eat feet, I invite your attenfen to the
importaneeMeatablialung a braid, of the dent of the t'. S. at'
New Perk.. Two-throls of the revetme d rived. f.orn cu.tte t e
beingeolleeted at that point, the demand for spemete p.) - the
d9ti..wel he large : and a branch mint, where foreign coin and
baron could lie unmediately converted Into American c ot.,
Wouldgreutly . facilitate the •tra motion of the public hustle e,
enlarge thectresdatioacif gold and silver. and be, at tbeillatat
time. a safe idepotsitory of the public money.
The himortance of marinating and ream: mg the price of such
of Illepuclic Janda as have beendoneodened in th e market. at
the minimum rate itathorized'bfee t erg laws, and remain un
sold, induces me squid to recommend the subjeetbayoar favor- -
elite corwideration.. Many ndilliorisof *cresol' tbeselands have
bean veered in the market *Prelate en: tinny years, and ar
gerquamities for noire than ten or, twelay years: and being of
an inferior einalitaythey mar reemen urotah• la Loan :rode
doe period, unless the price at wideb they may be purchased '
shall be reduced.' •To place a rice upon them above their real
value is not Indy , to prevent their sate , and thereby deprive the
trees:tey rof any'ineeme from that source, hulls oldest to the
elates in which they He. because' it retards their geowh stint
111M11/10 ofpopalatiott x and because they have opposer toihms
a tax upon them ea woe other lands within their rends ; held
Other proprietors than the United States, for the support
their local goirenuncnts. • ' - • ,
The bencticial effects of the gtaithition Principle have ;men
sealized some of the it:Pates owning , the hoot. sei a g g their
!int.'s a which it has been adopted. They have been der:am
:nu pt also ity the lithted clones, acting settee trustee of the
tate - know tr be of Indians is the sale o. their lands lying with
in tie" Sin of Mississippi and Alabama. The tfitickmiaw
lan A. wiseh would not conunsuld to the withal the minimum
cubl rued by the laws of the linked. States for the sate
lands. wet,. in pursuance of the treaty of Itithl with that
rib.- odered tot sale at graduated and reduced
lint ads. The result wait, that large mtantithe
of these lauds-were purchased. which would otherw.se have
retun,au•d,ustooltL The lands were dAprwli or at their rest va
lue. and many persons of limited means brew enabled to pu
eblos, stua:: inlets. upon which they liner settled with their th.
ka. Chi*: a.u.t Jar -ALAS orton . 4 be Vitobleed by the
tian w lei era hisition polcy by Mc United bltetca•, in all the
S.. t s Us 'oil cli they - nre the owner...Dl large bagel at lamps,
wit eli have Leen 'crag in Market. canna' be doubted. Lt rainier
u sound policy to withhold larg e . quantities of the public
front the and o. 0.. r c Urea., by filing up
oil them pr ees which eXperettee has sbowa they will ooh cow.
iml. Ou the tutelary, it is - a wise po. ey , b afford faeihties
to our z.-as to become the au u eta, at low and moderate rates,
of in c aids of their own, instead of being the tenasliti and dee
e olnnui-of. others. lf It be apprehended that 'these lands. if
re efree. uralla be Seetaeti is !urge NUMMI:es by fp.-
ettln:ons or eaptlaimu the sales may be restricted in hurled
yaiun,ties. to actual settlers, or Yowl. , Pureb•mad turpurpow
eultivatan.
In my laat annual toessrop. I submitted for the considerittiou
of rimer,se the preseut system of manes rag the mineral Weals
of the United Steles. 'and recommended that they should
be brought Ow market awl sold, upon such terms sad
tooter such rested oas as Congress might prescrilio.--By
the net the 11th of July lasi," the =served lead mines and
en itigurois :tto Is in the Suites of • and Arkansas, and •
T .rr.tories of Wisconsin and loon." were authorized lobe odd.
Toe set iv confined. in its operations, to " lend tallies and con
tiguous lands."
A lerge trortiou of the roadie lands. containing copper arid
other ores, .a rept...semid to be very yaltroble, midi =commend
tint prier:lion be made authorizing the sale of these lands. up
on each Doles and comlitions as. from their supposed ',slue.
to ty. In the judgment M Cou a ress. be deemed advisable, having
doe regard the interests or such of our citizens as may
eat •d upon them.
It 0,11 Irc its or ant, diving your present session. to establish
a terrier a' exteemment, and mestend the laws and jurisdic
tion of the lin veil :thaws over the territory of Oregon. Our
laws regulatrog trade and tetercoorse uhrh the Indian tribie
CUM Grum-Rocky mountrona should be emended iodic Pacific
ocruit ; and dir the purpose of executing them and preserving
fnentll) reletroes with the Indian tribes within sue
a littlo tel number of Indian agencies will be required. and
should be mftborized by law. The establishment of custom
houses. end of post offices and of post mails. and provis'on for
the transportancut of the mail on such routes as the paLdro
ventence will suggest. require legislative authority.lt will le
proper. also. to essablish a surveyor, general's office in that ter
ritory, and to make the necessary provision tor surveying the
public lands, and brroging them into market. As our eitiiens,
who now reside in that distant region. have been subjedted to
matt) hardships. privations. and surrifices in their enzgration,
toil by their improvements hove enhanced the value of the
public lands in the neighborhood of their settlements. it is =-
commended that liberal grunts be made to them of snit porions
of these lends no they may occupy. told that similar rights or
pre-emption be made to all who may emigrate thither within a
hafted perod. to be prescribed by law.
The report of the Secretary of War °outgun detailed infer
melon i attng to the several branches of the public service
connected with that department. The operations of the Army
have been of ea sansfactory and highly gratifying character.
reeuanuend to your early and favorable consideration the
measures proposed-by the Secretary of War for speedily filling
up the rank and We of the regular army, for its greater elifieron
ey in the field. and for raising an additional force to serve dur
ing the war with Mexico.
Embarrassment is likely to arise for want of legal provisron
authorizing compensation to be made to the agents employed
by the several States and Territories to pay the revolutionary
nod other pensioners the amounts allowed them by_ law. Your
aitenfon is invited to the reconicaeridetions of the Secrets of
War on this subject. These agents incur heavy respousi's ry
ili.
ties and perform important duties, awl no reason exists why
they should not be placed on the Sauk footing, as to corapetuta
bon. w.th other d.sbunting °flit-ere.
Oar relations with the various Indian tribes continue to be of
a pacific eliaracter. The unhappy gum...taus which have ez
isted among the Cherokees for many years past, have bent
healed. Since my last annual message Imponam treaties have
been a...painted with some of the tribes, by which the Indian
tale to iarge tracts of valuable land within the limits of the
Suites nod Territories. has been extinguished. and arrange
tuella mode for removing them to the country west of the Mi..
Between three and four thousand. of different Oribev,
have been removed to the country provided for them by treaty
sopulatsons, Mad urrangemvuts have been made libr others to
forme. --'
In our intercourse with the several tribes particular attention
has been given to the importaut subject ot edurat'on. The
number of schools established manna them bus been increased
mut additaitial means provided. tint orAy for leuebing•thetn the
rudiments of edireatron, but of instruMme them in agriculture
and the tuceltanie arts.
I ref, you to the report of the Secretary of the Navy for a
satisfactory view of the operations of the deparment under but
charge tlornig the past year. It is gratifying w perceive that
while the war with Alessi.° has rendered it necessary to ern
ploy an unusual number of one tinned vessel's on her toasts, the
protect on due w our commerce in other quarters of the world
has not prove.! insufffesent No awaits will be spared to give
etlicieney to the naval service in the prosecution of the war;
stud I um rompy to know that the officers ant men anzioesly
desire to devote themselves to the service of the country in any
interprise, however difficult of execution.
recommend to your favorable cotsideration the prtmosifon
. . . .
to add to each of our foreign squadrons an efficient see-meam
er, and m especially demanffing attention, the establishment
at Penmen's of the necessary means of repairing and fitting
the vessels of the Navy employed in the Gulf of Mexico.
There are other suggestions in the report winch deserve, and,
I doubt not. will Ttet,e your consideration.
The progress and condition of the rawl service for the past
year are fully presented in the report of the Post-master Gene
mi. The revenue for the year ending3Oth of June last, amonnt
ed to *L457.1199. which is d 902.641 45 eCnts less than that of the
preceding year. The payments for that departm-ut daring the
same time amounted to 64.ttul ti
-97 21 cents. Of this sum, 6.977-
tO cents hove to drawn from the treasury. The disburse
mts for the year went a 211,434 77, less than those of the pre
-riding year. While the rli sbursements have been thus dimin
ished. the mail facilities have been enlarged by new mail tortes
of 57.0 miles; an increase of transportation 0f1.764.145 miles,
and the establislunent of 415 new post offices. Contractors,
postmasters. and others. engaged in this branch of,the service
have performed their duties with energy and faithfulness . de:.
*Feting commendation. Forman' interesting details connect
, ed with the operarons of this ealblisbment. you are referred
to the report of the Postmaster General : and his snagestions
for improving its revenues are recommended to your favorable
consideration. I repeat the opinion repressed In my last an
nual messoge.thet.the business of this department should be
so regulaied that the revenues derved from it should be mode
Coequal the expenditures; and it is believed that this may be
done by proper ausliflections of the present laws, as suggested
in the report of the Posunaster General, without chatiglng the
present rates of postage.
With full reliance nn the wisdom and patriotism of your de
liberation:, it will he my duty, as n will Ix, my anxious desire,
to co-operate with you m even constitutional effort to promote
the welfare and maintain the honored put common country.
JA.M.P.II K. POLK.
NV...streams, December P. 1P46.
MerSONS OF TEMPERANCE.—The re
gniu meetings of TOWANDA DIVISION.
Mk 103, of the Sons of Tempetiace, are held on Tune
day Evenings, et 6 o'clock. precisely, in• Temperance
Bell, OVilt Atentanye'e & Co's store.
Dy onler of the Division. C. S. RUSSELL, R. S.
PROPOSALS
WILL be received by the North Brandt bon &
Coal Company for the parettare ofTimber fie n
the Landsat the Company in Bradford county, f a •
quantity not less than two millions ffeet, and to be cut
during a period not ormeeding two years, and under the
direction of no agent of the company . Persons making
propos de will state the iecurity they propose to give
for the fulfilment of their contrite..
Propoad to be !that the Otficeof Wm. Elwell, Esq..
in Tewanda, on or before the 14 January, o after
that day propounds will not be considered.
W. }l.
Nest N. B. Into and Coal Co.
$lOO REWARD.
IEXTILL be paid for the deteetion and conviction of
V an y - person or persona found cutting, Timber nn
tho Lands of the North Branch Iron and Coal Co., tw.t's
out autbority. from the Company for ect doing. The
Reward wilt be paid through thp hands of.
At Towanda. WM ELWELL:
CLOTHS, CLOlllB—We wish the attention of all
' who are in want - of Clothe, Cassimeres, &Whet
&c., to our large stock en hand. These cloths moat
he sold. We never have been undersold. and never
will he. Cull and examine. G. F. FLYNT 4. CO.
`i_OMIMEVNIKIr.
J• N. SUSIN ER, M. D., DENTIST, announces to
. Insfriends and the pubdc that he it again in town
and will remain a few weeks. ,He will be happy to
wait upon his friends, at his rooms at Mr. Woodrutra.
on Mau) street—nearly oppusite the Reporter office.
CASH WILL , DE PAID FOR SHEEP PELTS.
by Am 9. MON'FANYE & FOX.'
ADAIINISTRATOWS
,NOTICE.
ALL persons indebted to the estate of Joseph Tuthill
late of Saithfield township, deed., are requested to
make immediate payment, and those having demands
against said estate, are 'requested to present them forth.
with for adjustment. BENJ. TUTBIILL,
Smithfield, Dee. 9, 1846. Administrator..
G..g. FLYNT 8t cos,
'lhe Cheapest Store in Towania !
The truth
THAT G. E. F'. do CO.. Imcetaten the brad IR se/.
ling cheap geode of all dancriptions, naa eardirdnag
those " great Window: a udace ta. 4 te'l bsaalag
ticks, and
TNe huff; is
That 11. E. plpia Ow, will cantata en melt Dry
. c,ioneries, Crockery. Hardiest's Sce, cheaper
than any when establishment in Baulionl Causgy, and
Renumber,
That on tbase "taro sayings" hangs all Alto truth that
is neeeressery to lemur. goad b ortro i no t o o g awe
who purchase for clash. No. b thick R,to.
DRINTIii--01arie boloatifurfot of PRINTft.
MONTANTE A rux.,
FS