- q,,raot - orb M,epavtgr
Towanda, Wednesday, August 19, 1846.
FoR CANAL COMMISSIONER,
WILLIAM B. FOSTER, JR.
OF BRADFORD COUNTY
A TarLtr—ltme Operation.
The government has, lo the Constitution, the power
to levy a direct tax for its support, and it has also the
Power to imoose duties on the prodnctions of foreign
countries, for the same purpose. The of to be 'at
tained in either case, is revenue for the support of the
government. Now in which way ought this revenue
to be raised! This question is settled with scarcely a
dissenting voice in the country, that the revenue ■halt
be raised by a tariff of duties. What then is the differ
ence, between raising revenue by a direct tax and by a
tariff! We do not purpose to notice all the differences.
4 direct tax is levied upon property, by which the pee
ple pay according to - their wealth. The poorest pay the
least—the wealthiest the most tax. None wilt dispute_,
the justice of this principle. A tariff is a tax on articles
of consumption. The inquiry here is, how ought this
tax to be levied; on what principle ought it to be ad
justed! Shall we, or shall we not depart from the prin
ciple so equitable in its operation. that the weallthy
shall bear more of this burden than the poor 1 If not,
then any man, howevor limited his means of information,
can at once decide on the justice or injustice of any
tariff law, by keeping this principle before him, and not
allowing his mind to be clogged and bewildered by the
fog and dust with which this subject is misti6ed.
Let us, then, without party bias', with neither Polk nor
Clay for our guide, apply the prirlciple, and our decision ;
will be right. If the towenp - assessor were to notify
you that your valuation was one thousand dollars, and
your tax the same as your..neighbors whose valuation
was ten thousand dollars. would you be likely to submit
quietly! Apply the rule to a tariff, and you test 'with
the same ease its operations. This is the whole quest.
ton in principle, involved in a tariff for revenue. The
fanner is insisted upon by the Whigs. the latter by the
Democrats. The protection principle merely, 'Cat - snot
regard primarily any distinction between the poor dc the
rich—its sole object protection. A revenue tariff.
while it must incidentally afford protection, (as any'
must) is adjusted with a reference to the ability of the
various classes of consumers. Those articles which en.
. ter most into theconsumption of the poorer classes, are
taxed less than those which are consumed mostly by the
wealthy classes. We inquire again, is this right! If
it is, then let us proceed a little farther.
A certain amount of revenue is necessary for the
support of government. It must be raised by the tariff
of 1842, or 1,846, or some other tariff. The amount of
revenue necessary, is variously stated, sometimes more
is required, at others less. We will say the sum requir
ed is 20,000,000. We will admit the tariff of 1842, or
any other tariff raises this amount. The tax upon for
eign goods, by which this revenue has accrued, is of
course added to and makes part of their cost before they
come into market. If, for example• a yard of cloth cost
one dollar, and the tax or duty be fifty cents, it will then
have cost the importer one dollar and fifty cents, on
which he makes a profit, when he sells to the country
market ; and the latter, a profit when he sells to the con
sumer; so that the consumer pays the tax er duty, and
the profits subsequently added. As certain, then, as a
revenue is collected in this way from Year to year• just
so certain is it, that it is paid back to the importer by the
consumer. One event must necessarily follow the other.
If the importer cannot find market for his goods at a
profit, he imports no more, and therevenues ceases. As
long, then, as the revenue is collected, so long is it pro•
fitable to impOrt goods—and equally as long, and cer
tain is it, that the consumer is paying back the tax or
duty which the importer has paid to the government.
This tax to be adjusted on the principle before men
tioned,ehould fall the lightestApn those who can afford
only to buy cheap goods. The that can afford to por
chase the finest cloths, can afford better to pay this tax,
than they whose circumstances will not admit of this in
dulgence. An adjustment of duties or taxes without any
such discrimination, would be unjust by being unequal
in its operation. This, then, is the difference between a
tariff with specific duties for protection, and a tariff of
ad valorem duties for revenue, Specific duties, signi
fying a tax of a certain sum upon goods, whether they
cost one dollar of twenty, or whether they enter into the
consumption of the rich or poor. .4d valorem duties,
signifying a tax on goods in proportion to their value.
So that he who buys goods of the least cost, pays the
least tax, and they who purchase goods of the highest
cost, pay the highest tax. If this discrimination is just,
then the tariff of 1842 is unjust because it abounds with
specific duties, by which, those who can afford to pay
the least, are made to pay. the most tax. The tariff of
1846, although it may be exceptionable in some respects•
is nevertheless adjusted on the ad valorem principle.—
By the test which we have laid down, let the tariff of
1842 and 1946, and all otherV, be tried, approved, or
condemned.
It may be said, that although the ad valorem is just,
yet- the rate of duty or tax, is not high enough, or that
it is too high fur the revenue required. Then the rate
should be raised or reduced, for the revenue must be had
by a tariff, and not by direct taxation. Whether the
_tariff of 1846 will ralse.the requisite revenue, remains to
be tested. If it should not, it should be modified to meet
this emergency. The committee that reported this bill,
called to their aid the most experienced officers of the
Customs, from all parts of the country, without respect
to party ; together with the aid which the operations of
all the tariffs furnished since the foundation of the govern
ment.
If we strip this subject of the tariff, of the mistificatione
thrown around it. by " specific duties," "minimum du
ties," " home markets," " protection to home manufac
tures." etc., and, come at once to the investigation, as
we would investigate the principle on which any taz is
adjusted, there would be no difficulty. The attempt of
the Whigs to get up a panic would vanish like moon
shine.
OLT!MIMI FCSTITAL.--Chltread6ll will Bee by refer.
ewe to our advertising columns, that the American Cir
rus, Mews. Sands, Lent & Co. purpose entertaining
the citizens of this vicinity, on Wednesday the Sd day
of September next. We have no hesitation - in saying
that these fond of " shows," will be highly edified.
ec r The Storm of Sunday was felt at Carlisle. Pa.,
and is described as one of the severest ever experienced.
At Chester the wind blew ■ hurricane, The Catholic
church was injured by a portion of the steeple being
blown on to the roof, crushing through it and the ceiling
to the floor, demolishing • number of pews. Several
vends were dismasted.
Facie Havaaa.—An arrival at Chiulegion from Ha
vana states thetane of the Mexican steamers svas fitting
out at that port, under British colons, destined for En
gland.
Captain May. who made the desperate andnac
cessful charge at the battle of Remelt de la Palma, has
bean appointed a Lt. Col. of Dragoons
[From the Wilkmaarro Eamon)
The President's Teto—Mr. Wilmot's
Speech thereon.
A bill denominated the "River and Harbor Bill" re.
candy passed Congress. This bill appropriated between
one and two matinees& dollars for purposei of improve
ment of the different Rivers and Harbors of the country.
The main body of the bill, fell to the West, and was for
the purpose of commencing new works on the Western
miters. In effect, this bill opened upon the country the
east system of internal improvement by the General Go
vernment, ',Ostrich every honest Statesman has shudder-
ed, for so many years. It was of the same order of the
Maysville Road bill, vetoed by General Jackson, but more
vaste in its immediate effects. It was passed through
Congress by the most shanieless log-rolling—simply by
the came system that has crank-ropted Pennsylvania. As
an entering wedge, it was thrust into the very centre of
the Treasury, and its influences comprehended the com
mencement of • system, that would have borne down
the backs of the people with intolerable bunhens, and
covered
covered the land with profligacy and demoralization-4
system which, in the future, looks to the selection of
Presidents by its hordes, and the • men who will feed its
greedy and rapacious maw with the blood and spoil of
the people. An honest constituency never sought the
passage of this bill. It was carried by the votes of mem
bers of Congress, who expected to get the contracts to do
the work, and thereby enrich themselves and their para
sites This bill, which brooded like the shades of pooh
tion over the country, the President has vetoed. In his
firmness on this, as on all former occasions, the Presi
dent has proved himself the worthy successor of Andrew
Jackson and Martin Van Buren, equal to all emergencies,
whether in war or peace, and profoundly anxious alone
for the true welfare of the people. The bill would
have conferred upon him patronage, and given him pow
er ; but these he would not accept, at the expense of his
principles, his conscience, his integrity and the interests
of those whom he was appointed to guard and protect.
l'aken all in all, the mantles of the illustrious Jackson
and Van Buren, could not have fallen upon worthier
shoulders.
Upon the return of the bill to the House, the President
was coarsely availed by Mr. James Thompson, repre
sentative from the Venango district in this State. Mr.
Wilmot replied to Mr. Thompson, ably defending the
President and his remarks offered. They are honest and
fervid in their character, and many a democrat will eIL•
claim with us, Would that we had more reresentatives
in Congress from Pennsylvania—like David Wilmot.
Mr. WILMOT said :
Mr. Spiracle : I rise, air, for the purpose of giving
my cordial approval to the course the President has seen
fit to pursue upon this subject. I opposed this bill in
every stage of its passage through this House. The
President would not have met the expectations of the
party that elevated him to power,
had he given his sanc
tion to this bill. In this act he h as proved himself a roan
of firmness and nerve, worthy of the high confidence re
posed in him by the republican party.
I regard as fraught with imminent danger the vast
scheme of internal improvement marked out in this bill.
It passed this House by • combination of interests—by
uniting the local and sectional interests of different per.
lions of the country in one common cause—by a system
of down-right log-rolling. If ibis government embarks
in a vast scheme of internal improvements, there is no
human foresight that can see where it will end. It will
increase with the growth of a giant. In a few years, it
will spread itself over the whole confederacy ,requiring
millions upon millions is feed and sustain it. Our le
gislation will degenerateinto a mere scramble for money
to feed the greedy and insatiate appetite of sectional and
selfish interests. Had I held the fate of this bill in my
hands on its passage through the House, I could have
obtained any amount ufappropriation on the object how
ever local in its character, for the purpose of insuring its
suce-ss. Yes, sir; I could have demanded and received
any appropriation of hundreds of thousands of dollars to
make the Susquehanna navigable for steamboats to the
New York line. In this way it is that these bills are
framed and passed.' A sum is given to this harbor to
secure certain support ; another sum to that, to gain ad
ditional strength; and so on, until sufficient interests
have been combined to pass the bill. I blame not gen
tlemen who voted for this measure. I know the power
Of local interests, and how hard it is for representatives
to stand up against them. It is possible, sir, if I had
pressing upon me a constituency deeply interested in the
success of. this bill, that I, too, should yield to their
wishes, and give it my support. But my constituents
tire only interested in being compelled to bear their share
of the expense.
We have seen in my own state the bitter fruits of
this log-rolling system. Pennsylvania embarked in •
magnificent and noble enterprise of internal improve
ment—one which is an honor and credit to her people.
Had it been economically conducted, and confined to oh.
jects-of acknowledged general State interest, all would.
have been well, and that great Commonwealth would not
at this day have been groaning under the weight of her
public burdens. Project followed project—one railroad
and canal succeeded another, until every section became
clamorous to share in its direct benefits. To succeed
with proper objects, it became necessary to carry all along.
Contracts were let to political favorites and partisans,
who enriched themselves upon the public treasury, un
til the State government became the great dispenser of
wealth, and our people stimulated almost to madness in
the chase for patronage and favors. This logrolling
system has done much to lower the tone and corrupt the
Ipolitical meritEnt our people. It taught a large class to
look to the State for support and riches, instead of rely
ing upon the honest and slow earnings of industry.
Sir, I am not the champion of the .Executive on this
floor. I aspire to no such position. There certainly are
no reason, personal to myself that would induce me to
seek such conspicuous grounds, I am not as frequent a
visitor at the White House as many others, and I am
confident that no man's visits have been less profitable;
but, sir, when the President boldly, in the face of strong
sectional interests, stands upon high principles, as in this
veto. I shall stand by and sustain him. Sir, this veto is
Jacksonian in its character, and the democracy of the
country will appro.'. it. I hear. much said about this
one-man power; for what I know not, unless it is to
bring the veto into disrepute. I regard the veto as one
of the great conservative powers of the constitution, and
trust in God that it may ever be preserved. It is • little
remarkable that every important veto that has emanated
from a democratic Executive, has been sustained by the
people. This, sir, too, will be sustained.
DaaocaaTrc Revrew.—The August number of this
valuable periodical is on our table. It is embellished
with a lifedike likeness of Hon. D. S. Dicainson, U. S.
Senator from New York. The following is a hit of
contents:
I. Legislative Embodyineut of Public Opinion. Texas
—Oregon—The Land BiU—The Tariff—the Wars.
housing Bill—The Independent Treasury.
B. An Busy on the Ground arid Reason of Punish.
meat—" An Busy on the Ground and Reason of
Puishment ; with epeeist reference to the Penalty of
Death. By Taylor Lewis EN.' And a Defence of
Capital Punishment. By Rev. George Cheever. D.
D. With an Apendiz, containing a Review of Bur
leigh on the Death Penalty."
Ill: No Remedy and Remedy. By D. P. Barbydt.
IV. Glade in Paris. Translated from the German. By
Mrs. Von Hassel.
V. Travels in North America.—" Travels in North
America. By Charles Lyell, Esq., F. H. 8."
VI. West Point. By H. T. Tuekerman.
VII. Th. Writings of Charles Lamb: An Essay. By
.1. W. Nheiton.
VIII. Prieon Discipline. Reports of the Prison Arse
ciation of New York.
LT. Sauna—Dart Hours of Ambition. By the author
of '. The Yemassee," &c.
X. Papers of an OW Dartmoor Prisoner. Edited by
Nal tunic! Hawthorne..
XL Financial and Commercial Record.
XII. Notices cities, Books.
XIII. Political Statistics. Oregon Treaty—Tariff Bill,
■nd eute thereon in the House—Land and Treasury
Note Bill;and vote--Warehousing Bill, and Tote--
Land Graduation BA and vote.
(0- The Union says it has paid from $2O to $25,000
in omit to reporter during the session of Congress.
State Electimar.
lonrava.—There is nothing definite yet an to ale Irs
snit of the election to Indiana. Whitcomb. the Demo.
erotic candidata for Governor, is believed to hake
reeaiv
ed two thouserul majority. The Whip have gained
eleven members of the lower house in fifty out of the
ninety counties in the state, and it is believed they will
have e majority on joint:ballot. The Democrats will
have a majority of one or two in the Senate.
The Connersville (Indiana) Telegraph of Thursday
last says :
Enough has been teamed of the result of the election
on Monday last to satisfy us that Whitcomb (Dem.) is
reelected Governor. There has teen a great falling off
in the number of votes given. both in Whig land Deco-
omatk counties, but the filling off is greatest in the
Whig counties.
We think-it Tory probable that the Whip win have
a majority of the Representatives, and the Democrats a
majority of the Senators.
The Louisville Courier of Friday last says:
Indiana is a very uncertain State, and it is hard to ten
who is elected until all the returns are in. Whitcomb
appears to have gainedon his former vote in the Southern
part of the State, andlost in the North. From the lights
now before us worshould suppose that Marshall stands a
pretty good chance of being the next Governor.
litatrots.—The election in this State tau for mem
bers of Congress and of the State Legislature. Mr.
Wentworth, oem., has been re•cleted to Congress.—
There u a clue contest between Mr. Robert Smith, the
present member, and a Mr. Trumbull. Thereturns am
not all in.
Missocar.—The election in Missouri was for the
same officers as in Illinois. Mr. Bowlin, the regular
Democratic candidate for Congress in St. Louis district,
is elected over a Native American and an Independent
Democrat.
NOSTU Conotro*,—The returns continue to indi•
cute that Graham is re-elected Governer, and that the
Whigs save carried the-Legislature.
The Tariff of 1842.
The injustice of its specific and mudmum duties
The New York Journal of Commerce, thus
expose and illustrates some of the outrages au
thorized by the Tarif f of 42, which the federal
Whigs were anxious to have continued uit
is," without change :
•• 'Take, for instail,ce, the article of raw sugar.
A specific duty of 2,1 cents a pound. as in the
tariff of 1842, makes a sugar worth four cents
a pound pay precisely the same tax as another
quality worth eight cents a pound. And as
cheap sugar- is generally consumed by the
poorer classes, and fine sugars by the affluent,
it follows, in the case supposed. that the poor
man pays twice as large a tax in proportion to
the value of the article he consumes as the rich
man does; whereas, if they paid io proportion
to their property respectively, (,the usual basis
of taxation.) the rich man would pay, prehaps,
a hundred times, if not a thousand more than
the pour man. The whole system of raising
revenue by duties on imports. is a hard one for
the poor man, since his bodily wants are as
the rich man's ; and, although poverty compels
him to consume cheaper articles, and .perhaps
in lees quantities, yet in the most favourable
view of the case, his taxes for the support of
government are out of all proportion to his
means. lf, in addition to this, he has to pay
as much duty on inferior articles as his rich
neighbor pays on choice qualities of the same
articles, the injustice is so flagrant that-it is
strange any fair-minded citizen can countemces
it fora moment. Yet this injustice is insepara
ble from a system of specific duties.
The same thing may be said of the whole
system of MINIM:NS. It requires that all articles
of a particular Class, not exceeding a given value
per pound or per yard, shall be valued at that
rate, and charged with duty accordingly. Fur
instance, the tariff of 1842. requires that all
manufacturers, of cotton, or of which cotton
shall be a component part, not dyed. colored,
printed, or stained, not exceeding in value
twenty cents per square yard; shall be valued
at twenty cents per square yard, and pay a duty
of 30 per cent. on that valuation. Some des
criptions of cotton manufactors are not worth
more than five cents the square yard, we pre
sume, while others may be worth twenty cents.
Now according to the minmum principle, five
cent cloth, (mostly;used by persons in moderate
circumstances.) would have to pay just as mobil
duty per yard. as the fine fabric worth four
times as much. Thus if a hundred dollars
worth - of tile fine article paid $3O duty, a hun
dred dollars worth of the coarse article would
have to pay $l2O. This is the sort of PROTECT..
lON which the system of minimums give to the
poor man, the protection of paying four times
as large a tax, in proportion to the value of
what he consumes, as the rich man; whereas
the latier,on the scot... of property and means.
ought to pay, perhaps, a hundred times as much
as the farmer."
BALLOON ASCENSION.—This scientific ex
periment having been successfully made so fre
quently, it now awakens but little interests Mr.
Wise made an ascension in his balloon from the
village of Westchester, Pa., on Saturday after
noon, with complete success. He crossed the
Schuylkill and made for Readir.g ; and at 20
minutes past 5 he came down within good speak
ing distance, near the Trappe. Mr. W. says
—" Invitations all around me to come down ;
gave them some newspapers. Inqurired if I
could get supper. " Yes, anything you want."
" Come down. Come down." I'll treat you
to anything you want." To cap the climax
they called out—" Come down and I will give
you a bottle of brandy." Thank you, sir, I
believe I'll go a little further." In a storm, a
flash of lightning hurled the Saloon spinet a
tree. The time was when all the Academies.
men science and of fashion. and thousands of
admiring spectators, would have been present at
the ascension of a balloon ; but it is an object
of so little curiosity now, that only 8100 could
be raised to pay the expenses of a second as
cension.
As EXTRAORDINARY LOMB Mmes.—We
are assured upon most responsible and reliable
authority, that a very extraordinary and inter
eating cue to the medical faculty has occurred
at Little York, Pennsylvania. The head of a
fcetus, furnished with hair and teeth, has pro
truded itself through the side of a little girl.
only eight years old ! It is supposed that the
firms must have been absorbed into the sys
tem of the child in the womb, and to have
grown with her growth until Nature has taken
these means of releiving her of the burthen.
This explanation, though attended with many
difficulties which will be understood by those
acquainted with such subjects, seems to be the
only rational one that can be given in the case.
The information came to a gentleman in this
city in a letter from an acquaintance in Little
York. The case is of the moat extraordinary
character.—Philadelphia Ledger.,
MESSRS. EDITORS... 4 can't find any wise
head here that can give any sort of interpreta
tion to sec. 8, except that it defines the ambigu
ous words •• ad valorem" to be taken in this
new bill to mean home valuation. The long
head from which your daily leaders issue would
oblige a puzzled community by conjuring up
any other possible meaning to that explanatory
clause.
The article on the coal and Iron interest. by
your correspondent " Public Good." is very
much like the talk of every manufacturer one
meets here : " Curse the government ! It has
robbed us of out just protection. But we will
show the toen-tocos that they can't kill us. We
can go on in spite of them. By a little reduc
tion and economy here and there, and by en
larging our works and putting in more capital
by depending less on credit, and by making wi
der distinction between cash and credit sales,
we can readily makeup the miserable amount
they have plundered from us !" The stories
about so many hands discharged from the iton
works at Troy are untrue. They are always
short of men ; and at present prices of iron in
Great Britain. the new tandwill not disturb a
hearth or a roller in this country. The fact is,
the increased uses of iron give ample work to
English iron masters for home demand ; and
any thing like a dependence on them for our
main supplies would put up prices there at
once to the most extravagant rates. Like all
other evils which go beyond the limit of natural
laws, this of abandoning our own looms and an
vils and depending on - foreigners to clothe and
to build for us would soon work its own correc
tion.
This country, as a whole, has nothing to gain
by the•extravagant rate of interest fur the use of
money winch the enormous profits of our manu
facturers has established. Thirty dollars per
ton is, fur instance, the profit on railroad iron
made here to-day under the tariff of '42. If this
shall be cut down to ten dollars by the new ta
riff, will the great bodynteonsumers be injured,
or will the rolling mil be less liberally reward
ed than the former a the house-builders for the
invested capital I If the lordly manufacturers
of Boston, who have made enormous fortunes
in the few years this tariff has been taxing con
sumers thus unreasonably, (unjustly 1) should
under the new law for the protection of consu
mers make one fourth of the profits, will they
not still be better paid than the agriculturist
Touching the coal interest in which your State
is sci'deeply interested, and whose panic just
now beclouds all the avenues to common sense,
explain to me why, in the judgment of sensitive
capitalist , holding ten millions of stock and loans
in the Reading road, that depends for its very
life on the success of the coal trade, no danger
is apprehended I If the coal mines that alone
can give it sustenance are to be shut up. or ruin
ously affected. or even seriously cut off in ton
nage, is it possible diat the value of the stock
and loans could be so firmly maintained in the
open market ?
The shrewd capitalists who own that great
work see only one thing, viz.,a population o f
consumers growing beyond precedent, and a
manufacturing interest so various and so deeply
rooted, and so ably sustained by mechanical in
genuity,land by thrill Habits unequalled on the
earth, that it would go on growing and prosper
ing—all the more vigorously after the arlifirial
props are removed that gave it sickly support,
and prevented that full . and healthy development
which it must attain when its own native en renvtli
is called out to give it natura' stamina. that will
endure forever—self-sustained & sellprolected.
It was broad and expansive views like these that
led these men to project arid animated them to
construct the. Reading Railway. Among the
hootinga of small minds (panic makers) that
cried out folly," and "no coal beyond what
the canal can carry," &c.•' these men went on,
relying on judgment of a different order. Their
well merited success, the complete triumph of
judgment over the narrow predictions of short
sighted men, entitle their opinions now to equal
deference. My views coincided with theirs at
that time, and the same expansive line of reason
ing brings me to similar conclusions now.
I predict time speedy advent of the most heal
thy activit) in-every branch of trade and com
merce, especially in coal and iron, a general in
crease of machinery in our manufaeturies, and
an eager competition for workmen between
Great Britain end the United Slates that will
completely equalize the cost of production.
predict that the coal fields of Pennsylvania,
hitherto neglected because the exorbit tilt profits
of paper-bankers and manufacturers attracted
capital elsewhere, will now arouse the attention
of persons desirous of safe; permanent and pro
fitable investments.
Master of the Catatonia' Regiment.
By.an.order in another part of our paper. it
will be perceived that Col. Stevenson's Califor.
nia regiment will mustsr to-:norrow morning.
They proceed immediately to Governor's Is
land, where, after remaining in camp for three
weeks, they will sail for the Pacific, intending
to leave about the 20th of August.
The short apace of time in which this regi
ment of volunteers has been raised, is another
exemplification of the energy and enterprise of
the Americans spirit. Scarcely a month has
elapsed since it was first publickly understood
that the regiment was to be raised ; and yet,
within that time, nearly a thousand men have
been enroalled ; and it has been necessary to
deny a great number of the applications made
since the regiment was filled.
The character of the officer's and privates
composing the exredition, is one which will do
honor to our country, and sustain it wherever
they gq, Col. Stevenson has long been known
in our community as a man of distinguished en
terprise and talent. His skill as an officer. and
his determined energy, united with a remarka
ble 'amity of manner. will render him highly
respected by his subordinates. The'eut. Col.
y
'of the regiments is Henry S. Burton who has
been for many years an instructor in Artillery
at the %Vest Point Military Academy. one of
the best soldiers in our army, and a gentleman
in every Bence of the word. The Major is
Jams. - Hardy, who has also been an instructor
at West Point, and an officer who enjoys the
confidence and respect of all who know him.—
The captains and lieutenants are all men of
talent and enterprise ; ant! none have received
commissions until their characters have been
severely scrutinized. The privates are prin
cipally respectable mechanics—young, enthu
siastic and strong.—N. Y. Herald.
A SCOUNDREL SHOT: At St. Louis, but a
few days since, a fellow. in a fit of intoxication
entered the house of a respectable citizen. living
near the Mound. and, in the absence of the hus
band. grossly insulted the wife. The cries of
the lady soon brought her husband to the spot,
who, seizing a shot gun. fired and elicit the
scoundrel dead on the spot.
~il~
[From
The N e the Public L
iff.edger.]
w Tar
Arrival of the Steamer Great Wester%
(From the Extra Ledger of August 10th.)
The steamship Great Western arrived at
New York yesterday morning, at Weluck,
with six days later news from Europe.
We are indebted to Adams & Co., for Eng
lish papers.
An address of the . merchnnts of Liverpool to
Mr. McLane, congratulates him on the settle
ment of the Oregon question, to which he re
plied. Both docuuteute are highly interesting,
and creditable to the feelings of the respective
. parties. If there is one place more than anoth
er which would suffer by the interruption of
friendly , relations with America, it is Liver
pbol.
STATIC Of THE Chops. — Since the sailing
of the Hibernia the weather has been rather
variable. There hive been numerous , show
ers of rain. and although the atmosphere has
been cool, we believe it has been unfavorable
to the ripening of the crops, which in this
neighborhood look well and promise to be very
abundant. We are Born to say the potato dis
ease has made its appearance to an alarming
extent in the sister kingdom. Mentionis made
in the journals, from nearly every district of
Ireland, that the potato rot has appeared in this
year's crop; and many of them express the
moat gloomy apprehensions of the result.
The Government is now fairly involved in
the meshes of the sugar question. Lord John
Russell propounded his measure on Monday.
and the discussion on its merits was to have
commenced in the House of Commons, but in
consequence of the death of his brother it has
been postponed until Monday. The debate
will extend over several nights, and the result
cannot be known until the next packet.
An elaborate report has been presented to
Parliament relative to railways, in connection
with the invasion and the defence of the coun
try.
The last remnant of the League. their officers
in Fleet street. London—was closed on the
20th ult., with the announcement that their
office furniture, &e, would he subject to the
auctioneer's hammer on the 28th.
Flogging in the British army has recently
attracted a good' deal of attention.
Investigatiow 6 has enlisted against flogging
the indignation "Of the country, so that the ex
tinction of the evil cannot be remote.
The rates of discount have receded, and the
Money Market is in a state of comparative de
pression.
CommEactax.—Every political change,
more or less, affects business. When a minis
try is in esirimicit unhinges all the arrange
ments of the commercial world—unsettles
men's minds, and is productive of injurious
consequences, which are left through every ar
tery of the body politic. Iron, like other arti
cles. is experiencing the uncertainty which
clouds the future. Two or three weeks hack
the market was buoyant. now it is depressed.
Pig Iron has receded 2.. 6d. during the last few
days. Not merely Iron, but a more elastic
market—the Funds, has felt the consequences
at which we have glanced in a still greater de
gree. The rates of discount have receded. and.
the Mune% market, as will he seen from our
more detailed report elsewhere, is in a state of
comparative depression.
The Produce markets are nlso in a state of
stagnation. Colonial Sugar has, of course.
experienced the blow which is involved in the
equalization of the duties. ThP &tumid for
exportation as regards that article has 'ceased.
A large sale of Colonial Sugar this week went
oil . flatly.
The Cotton market feels the depression—
temporarr it is to he hoped—whieli prevails.
It has been spiritless during the week, tnainl‘
influenced, it will be seen, by the stagnation
which prevails in the manufacturing districts.
Prices can hardly be said to have altered, but
we speak of the tone of dealers and spinners
generally.
In the manufacturing districts apathy exists.
increased by one or two continental failures.
The houses did no extensive business in Eng
lish goods. arid, occurring at the present time
the effect has been more stunning than if they
had happened in a'season of greater buoyancy.
In the woollen districts of Yorkshire busi
ness has been lees semi:live. a ith the existence
of greater confidence. In Leeds. goods at the
cloth halls have moved off with tolerable free
demi. In lUilax priers are firm ; in II ud
derefiela mucks are low and manufacturers
cautious.
The-sales of foreign and colonial W onl in
London, exhibit, on the middling and inferior
kintle..a decline of 2(1 per lb. as compared with
the previous sale:. Other descriptions have
receded about Id, These sales influence the
market in other parts of theicountry. The im
pression amongst the trade in the north of
England, is, that prices are not likely to sink
below the present rates—an opinion which a
short time will teat.
The weather, at all times an object of inter
est, is especially So on the eve of harvest
Since the middle of last month, when the in
tense warmth which prevailed for some weeks
ceased, showers, more or less severe, have
prevailed.
up to that time the parched earth required
moiature ; since then it has enough and to
spare. Every day during the present week
has experienced copious showers, which have
certainly not improved the grain crops, which
now requires sun-shine to ripen them. No
great injury has been done yet; but two or
three weeks of the same unsettled weather
would go far to destroy the bright prospects of
the last three months. It is an ascertained fact
—one. which shows the variable nature of our
clime—that more rain falls in the month of
July than during any other month in the year.
At the Liverpool market, yesterday, grain
'was somewhat more firm, but the trade pur
chased cautiously, and prices were but—little
affected. The potato disease, which caused
so much commotion last year. has re-appeared
this year in various parts of England and Ire
land. On such occasions there is a natural
tendency to create alarm and magnify the evil.
Under the influence of the fear which prevail•
ed at the time, Peel was enabled to pass his
bill for the repeal of the Corn-law!; but the
evil proved less serious than the timid people
apprehended, and the Minister was charged
with furthering the delusion. On all such oc
casions selfishness combines with an amiable
philanthropy to alarm the public.. The result,
however, in the present instance, has been to
increase the demand for Indian Wheat. and
necessarily to improve the price. Ireland wilt
be the recipient of a large quantity of Indian
Wheat, and to the starved peasantry of that un
fortunate country, when they become used to
it, it cannot fail to prove a God-send.
The import rate upon foreign Wheat is now
raised by the six weeks' average to 6s. per
quarter, and on Flour to 3e. Vd. per barrel.—
Large quantities of Flour are daily an i;;'.
from the United States and Canada, but i l l
far they may remunerate the exporters w i g
wind in a great measure upon the result of
e it
coming, harvest. • The prices in Neu y ttt
and elsewhere throughout the .Union are lee,
which is a fortunate circumstance as r em
the merchant of the West.
The American Provivlon market centis tt
tolerably stead). Bees is in good denuid4
Pork is less so. The inferior kinds of b oLi
have been in. more request. Che ese 41
Grease Butter are lower.
Two days next week, in Liverpool. will S t
stolen from business and devoted to pley o ,
The cotton trade will for forsake the mytitik,
of the staple on Thursday and Friday to h ro o .
last and dine with Prince Albert, Who Miry
the town to lay the foundation .stone of t 4
Sailor's Houle. Other branches of bosiaro
will follow the example. As a proof of 4 1 1,
town, it may be mentioned that the eon of et.
tertaining him will exceed 8100,000- 2 si ,
ling proof of provincial loyalty.
EARTHQUAKE AT SMYRNA.—Few chin hoe
been visited by greater calamities ,withi n 4
short a period than Smyrna. Last ,y ear 14
greater portion was destroyed by firs, si lk ,
then some of its oldest and most respe oin y l
commercial houses have become baukrupt, an d
as if to put a climax to. this list of disasters, e h
city .has just been visited by one of the m om
terrible shocks of earthquakes that hare been
felt for many years in this pact of the sold
At ten minutes to 8 o'Ciock on the evening 0 (
the 25th ult., the whole city seemed suddenly
to undulate, as if rolling upon a heavy sea,au,
though there was not a breath of wind, they ' .
ter in the bay was violently agitated.
ow. rattled as if in-a strong gale, some doors
were burst open. and others' dashed to v i i
violence. Two minarets belonging to one of
the principal mosques tumbled to the g roun d
with a tremendous crash ; several stone hots
es were thrown doviti, and all the °then h i d
the walls rent and the roofs damaged. it,,
merchandise piled in the shops and stores fell
down, and the heaviest pieces of furniture sea
every where overtuned. The wooden hum
as is always the case, suffered comparativel r
litte. Some, however, more solidly built, ye . e
completely ruined by the shock. Several per.
eons were killed, but the number is not erect.
ly known. Amongst the tottering shed. in the
Bazaar great damage was done and considen.
ble property destroyed. The motion vu
from the north west to the southeast, Indent.
tinued for nearly a minute altogether. It ea
felt in moat of the villages in the envinini....
About the same time also there was a serer.
shock of an earthquake in the island of one.
line. A private letter from Smyrna says thita
would be impossible to describe the genial
consternation caused by this dreadful phene.t.
enon. Every where families were seen roe.
fling from their homes into the open e:zoi,
where they crouched down, clinging tore:,
other in an agony of tear. The dogs ilia
seemed to share in the terror, for they tin
through the streets howling most dISIM:Iy.
THE NEW POPE.—The German journal.
relate numerous instances of the Clir,Nn ho•
mility of the new, Pope. •• Ills conk (says ore
01 these journals) one day served for hit dr.
ner seven different dishes ; Pius IX. sent it:
hem and told him that when cardinal he near
had more than three, and that he would not nor
change his habit. His holiness has !Thad
almost all the expenses of his household
Foci?' thousand Roman send is. which uere en,
'many spew in rare plants. have been cot
fr m she. budget and half of the horses nl i t
poni , fit al stables have been sold.••
FAILURE IN HAMllNlGll.—Arrntints
ilits city si.tie that an extensive tailor? has
rimed threat, The firm is that of %less!
Hulett k Co.. whose liabilities are stattic
from 2250.000 to .2400.000. The haute
only keen nt extstePiee filteen'y ears, and no
originally engaged to the South Anienran
Mexocati trade. %V e understand : that there
little hope of touch dividend being paid, is
their ware-linuses were cleared a few days be
fore the failure, and, by the laws tif that dui
it-smiler of property. even in the contemplutin
of hankruPicy, is legal. and cannot be recant
ed for the benefit of the creditors. .
Et eels of the new Tariff.
We record the progress of ruin' since t
new Tariff has passed Congress, with prfou,
Ell=
A distinguished manufacturer who had intoc
dettAravelling to and from South Eaton in a
carriage and 4 horses. as a proof of the pra
perity of tt.e people under the Tariff of 184
has been forced to abandon the idea, and ton k
in the 3 cent omnibus as usual.
Another liberal and public spirited ring/
who had been foremost in his eucourageavoi
drtnestic industry, and had already mode oo:
an order for a heavy stir Or of Italian marble
mantels, and other ornaments for his splosq
residence, has countermanded the order, e:
is now forced to rely upon the marble of him
country.
We state further and with sincere regret lb;
another Iron Master. who had intended pa'
ing some splendid Furniture from France 1 1 ;'
England will be prevented from doing ,to BD&
the new Tariff. and will 'be under th;ditstrto
i.e necessity of buying of OUR OWN Kaaba' .
ice !
We chronicle thine facts with regret. Thq
show the mournful state of things ronstticv
upon the passage of the new Tariff bill, a,
point conclusively to the downward tendericY'
business, domestic industry and confidence'
In addition to these melancholy instances , NI
is another fact much more important. Start
lion threatens the nation ! The ports of gre'
dy England and famished Ireland are opened'
our corn and our wheat—our flour and cola
dian meal—and it is honestly to be feared 0
the broad fields of the Union will not surTIO
feed all England and America to boot !
A YOUNG CAIN.—A little boy in Abhor '
S. C., the eon of a Widow Fite, about tle
seven years of age, few days anise, killed
itl
brother, aged about three months„whils t
than
mother was absent on an errand to a see
We learn from the 'tanner that upon O lt
ing, the child was missing, and after 03010
a while for it, was found laid away small 04
hushes near the yard, with its head gashedr:.
two or three places. The boy. when inter :
gated upon the subject. replietA that the child h o
Niro nut of the door, and in going 011 1^1
door arcidenialtY lei an are fill or
on it that he was holding in his hand. Alihsar
there is no positive evidence toprove him
06 11 1'
of intentional murder, yet the jury of i n g,
were unanimous in the opinion that roll ""
hie intentions."
Major General Patterson, arrived
natti on the 3d inst., on his way to arruaiov
mand in the aline.