; ,1 sp'4o3l4l3sZatul -
Kil
Graluun's Magazine for May.]
Th e ,antique Mirror, •
By.SRS. R. S. NICHOLS.
: I as 3 cool breezy morning in
when a number of us repaired
.
re miown auction room, initbe
iti
where being among! the
~rivals, we had leisure to sultvey
o asiee andswell filled apartment.
„iodise of every description, to
.:5•411 every quality and quantity
: . : ,„i t ure, lay Riled and crowded
j ; end every now and then we
h a glimpse of #e, anxious-look
co peering from behind a little
attain that hung . before a demi
at the farther en d of the room.—
'e engaged in looking over this
regesous collection, moving in
e r a listless fashion from one object
',tins to another, my attention
t autly caught by a very bright
l olished old mirror, that one of
tabet had dragged to light from
is old-fashioned chest of draw-
The antique frame was of curious
libv,rateiy carved .ebony, which,
daces, was very much worn and
But the plate - was like bur
steel ; not a cloud, not a speck,
. its peculiar lustre; even the
which had gathered so plentifully
articles around,' seemed to slide
clear and, spotless surface. As
I in a group around this relic of
ime, the auctioneer entered by
fe red-curtained door; a motion
And brought him quickly to our
.n answer to my eager inquiries
iject of our interest was for sale,
so, would he make me the own
nit exposing. me to the chances
ling, he commenced a long histo
the glass, by what accident it
to be in this portion of the world,
eerendly, how it came under his
But an impatient movement
part of his.auditors forcing him
lit, the. purchase was 'concluded
instant. - ,Thus to my infinite
:clan, I became the possessor of
Igoe 'mirror.
‘'tletained in another part of the
did not return home until late in
ming, when, going- immediately
chamber,- my eyes were greeted
old friend of the morning, some
Is personage had suspended over
, ingla . ble'. Feeling heated and
by mil day's rabble, 'I flung
ling aside for the admission of
sh evening breeze, and seated
, the window, without ring
lights, as was my wont, prefer
clear, yet uncertain beams of
moan -to - the sickly glare' of
Minute after minute glided by,
hat there. One by one, the
which gleamed flrom the neigh
casements, flickered, and went
Ay out; fewer, and still farther
in, came the dimi, sound of foot
-Ipon the ear; finally. 'the rumb
i
'tirriage wheels ceased altogeth
-I.te great heart dl the city, was
I honked down the long and
Hely populated streets ; the -light of
dear ton falling "in showers on
mecum afforded a brilliant light,
lot . a form met my view; or sound
d'hiy ear. All was,still and si
the grave, the-. pulseless grave.
se, thouht I, that all the vast
thatlion usually throng this
13 city are gathered. to repose,
erchance, some night-watcher.
self, or fevered, restless mortal,
step is upon the brink of.eterni
whose eye has already pierced
iteries , of that " undiscovered
yet trammeled .stiil by some
to earth.
chit struggling, sways from sphere to
then, again, I thought what a
power bus the vengeful night;
gleamer, of the annuls of the
low she gathers together the
)things which haunt our uneasy
to set them in skeleton array
; the innocent, the guily, the
,' the lowest, the meanest, the
lave all felt this influence. and
!pints haVe bowed beneath the
'ien as the brave spirits of otd
sowed beneath . the spell of the
from thoughts like these I
my eyes to the mirror, where
r
tin rays of the
_moonbeams
ruling steadily; just their, the
.
-of - a .watchman . broke the
stillness; for a moment the
raid with the sound, then came
le murmur of a distant voice in
and all was silent as before.—
joked toward the. mirror ; I
phands befOre my eyes, for
4-fatigue and watching had
Igiddy, or that my sight de
'; but no Slowly, yet steaili
.
. .. .
•,• . °
. .. , .
.., , - •
. •
(°;1119111‘39t '",
:-...-' ~- - - ~_..:::. :-.:
~. • . 1
_. ._
..z.. .
~ _
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4' ' •.....„ , : •,•, .„
..•
.
. .., .
, ~. .
„. • s. , ~
.•...
•
. .Ij
ly, this old frame grew and expanded,
whileithe plate seemed to swell and di
late in the same manner, until it-caier
ed one side of the apartment. I sat al
most breathless, regardin'g this singular
object with a fixed earnest gaze; sud
denly it pausid, and, for a moment, the
moonbeams glittered and danded upon
the polished surface like a. troop of-sil
ver spirits', then - glided softly toward
the frame, where they rested, flin g ing a
pale, golden light distinctly around. I
'stood motionless, for, in the centre of
of,the plate ' but seemingly far in • the
background, there slowly towered 'an
ancient castle, with. battlemenis and
turrets, moat and drawbridge, all of
which, faint idthe outline at first, gradu
ally assumed - a firm and tangibl6 shape.
Soft green lawns spread out i i it front,
and thick forests reared them at the
side, A. little village' nestled in the
vale; beneath the castle, just near enough
to form a portion- of the landscape,
while at a little distance stood - he ivy
groivn church, with its tall, slender
spire, its pleasant yard, dots d with
green_ mound and lofty monument,
where the humble and proud were
sleeping together.
Fairly and plainly the picture spread
itself to view. I saw the drawbridge
lowered, and a gay and gallant party
upon steeds of gentle blood rode forth ;
there were ladies and cavaliers, hound
and haw, .and the time was morning,
for the sunbeams were gliding the noble
old forests, and, as the party rode gal
lantly by, I thought I saw the dew-drops
sparkle upon their coursers' hoofs, as
they crushed the tender grass beneath
their heavy tread.
They had all comeforth, as I thought..
when suddenly from the gate-way two
riders issued. The one was - a fair and
gentle maiden—the other, by 'his mein
and lineament, her sire, and-apparently
the owner of this stately domain, for he
lastily gave - some' directions to the
crowd of attendants who stood in the
castle yard. I could hear no words or
sounds of any kind , but the looks and
manner expl ained all. :On, on they
sped, and were soon lost to my sight
in 'the windings of the forest. Yet still
I gazed, arid ,pres,ently there crept from'
out the shadow of the bridge, with light
and stealthy form a girl. Her eye was
black, fierce and reckless, while her
dress and face betrayed her origin at
once, for the red gypsy mantle hung
gracefully from her shoulder, and her
cheek-hall browned beneath warmer
skies than those which ' glowed above
her then. Gliding and springing along
from shadow to shadow, she gained a
narrow bridle-path which led to the
village, and there, under a white bloom
ing thorn, she sat down. Not long did
she remain alone ; a young horseman
retraced his Steps, sprung from his
steed, threw his bridle over its neck,
and hurriedly entered the little path
where the young gipsy reposed. She
sat apparently abstractedi, feigning ig-
norance of
. his approach, until lie laid
his hand upon her shoulder—then, with
a quick, joyous motion, she sprung
suddenly into. his arms, and leaned her
head upon his bosom.
The cavalier looked earnestly around,
as if to mark if they were observed, then,
putting her from him, he seemed to
pour forth word in a rapid manner. I
could but conjecture, from the violent
gesture and gleaming eve of the girl,
that, whatevc.r he might be saying, it
was displeasing to her. He pointed
frequently toward the castle, and, at
lengthi - at what I conceived to be an
impatient demand on her part,lie drew
from his richly embroidered vest a
miniaturei---the miniature of the lovely
maidetrniad seen ride forth but a little
while before. Eagerly did she snatch
and fix her gaze upon it—then, with a
Contemptuous smile, she
_gathered her
mantle around her, and fled' toward the
village.' The young nobleman—for
such be, evidently was—stood looking
after her a few minutes, then mounted
his steed and rode quickly. away.
A faint mist pow fell upon the mirror ;
the moonbeams wavedand flickered
over its surface with
. a pale, restless
light. then returned to their station on
the frame, whilst the mist parteil like .'a
rent veil. and again the picture was
there. Then again a' party rode forth;
but the hounds and the hawks were no
longer there ; yet there Was a v fair and
happy bride, with a merry bridegroom ;
the white robes and, veils of the blush
ing bridemaids flowed out lightly on
the breeze. - I even - fancied I heard
their low, 'silvery laugh, as the bride
men, with hands`upon their bridle-reins,
whispered some gay jests slily in their
ears. Merrily they sped along to-the
village church.. I saw the old sexton
toiling at the belfry-rope, though not a
'sound smote my ear. Slowly, .and
Rcr,ardtess or Denunciation front any Qtece 7 " rter.—Gov.PORTZZ.
Pi • -
210 VMS:1 iLt9 BAILLIDAFear) (ri@kr IPio9 iEUSTINIF iiil9-110114
with solemn - tread, they walked up the
narrow aisle. The white-surpliced
priest laid his hand upon the young
coople as they knelt before him, and
his quivering lips moved prayer.—
Then the young wife rose up and fell
sobbing into the arms of her sire, while
the happy bridegroom proudly received
the congratu)ations of those Around.—
They turned and rode back to the cas
tle, but not before a light form stole out
ffom the chancel and cast - one look at
the bride. I saw each gothic window . ,
of that old castle blaze with light ; the
bonfires gleamed widely on every little
hill and knoll between it and the village,
while softly the pale moon looked down
upon that scene of joyance, filling every
nook and corner of the wide domain
with her radiant sheen, and shining full
upon the form of the young gipsy girl,
as she stood, iirith folded arms, beneath
the white blossoming thorn.
The mist swept across - the mirror for
an instant, shrouding it from my gaze,
and when I looked again there was
hurrying to and fro in the castle.- Men
cameout, and speedily mounting, rode
away, while' pacing the lofty hall with'
quick, irregular steps, was the young
nobleman whom , I beheld first by the
gipsy's side, then at the altar with the
beautiful maiden. He paused and
seemed to listen—a side door opened, a
woman entered, and placed in his arms
a young infant. I saw the flush upon
his brow, and marked the big. bright
tear of joy that fell upon the infant's
- robe, as be bent to caress bis child and
heir. He was a lather, and that one
thought seemed to take possession of
his soul. He looked proudly on the
little creature that lay in his arms, and
then, with a questioning g!ance, re
turned it to the woman beside him.=
Her hood was drawn over her face, and
she held a kerchief to her eyes. While
she answered him, his brow paled, and
his lips quivered. - What could it mean ?
Was the lovely lady dying? It was
even so !'
Again. the drawbridge lowered, and a
party swept on to the villiage church.
I saw the nodding plumes, and the vel
vet pall which covered her from ',view.
I knew 'there were wails and moanings;
though I heard them not; for the old
sexton, who rung the bell at her, bridal,
and but yesterday sounded a merry
peal at the birth of her child, paused.
as he slowly tolled, to dash the big tear
from' his eye. They laid' her in the
cold and gloomy vault of her ancestors,
one little year from her bridal. I knew
it was but a year, for the field flowers
then sprung up in their fairy haunts,
and the fiesh budding trees 'swayed to
and fro with the' spring's gentle breezes,
and the thorn tree was.hung with its
snowy blossoms. I looked < toward it
noiv; beneath its spreading branches,
pausing to arrange its covering, was
the woman who hid announce the
birth and death to the lord of those wide
lands, with the infant heir in her arms.
The hood had fallen back, and there
was the brown cheek, and malignant
eye of the gipsy girl. She rested but
a moment, and then fled toward the
thickest.part of the forest.
• The funeral train returned, then
search was made for the missing child,
while the father rushed wildly from
room to room, calling upon her who
was lost to' him forever. No traces
could be found of either woman or child.
I turned in disma3 from the saddening
scene, for that young fathers head was
whitened in a night.. Then the castle
passed into other hands. The old fur
'niture was exposed: for sale. to Make
room for that of more modern , fashion.
Among the former was a mirror, whose
fashion and whose face bore a striking
resemblance to the one in my posses
sion:- Not .desiring to know its future
history, I was turning away, when I
saw the old forest trees begin to wither,
the leaves fell rustling to the ground,
and 'beneath an aged oak rose.a.little
mound. lt , was the , :grave of 'the lost
heir, for its mother'i miniature lay' by
its side. One little violet which - hid
bloomed there in the ; spring, lay dead
upon the gentle slope. The babe
- had died for want" - of - nourishment
perhaps victim to the gipsy girl's re
venge. '
-r Slowly the mirror resumed its na
rural dimensions ; and'the white Moon.
beams:danced more brightly and gaily
thaniver ; as I leaned against the table,
in'doing whichl pried my new pure
chase, it. not 'being properly secured,
fell to the floor. crashed to a thousand
atoms. I need not add that felt this
accident a great relief,efor, sooner than
witness another inidnight pantontima
performed by shadows. should' hive
yieldedlit to the first antiquary,. who
Who would have received's° tale-bear-.
mg a burthen as the Ahrrigtra
Col;• W.'s - Pasoion for' Culosities.
We' are aware of a pair of " boat*
bine een" swimming in light, that will
" come the married woman's Ore " over
a kind., but antiquarian husband, when
the Plowing is read, some two, weeks
fromtOw, in their "little parlor" in a
town , the far west. It r6ches us in
the NI& of a Boston friend.
64 Old Colonel W --, formerly a Well
known character in one of our eastern
cities, was remarkable for but one pas
sion out of the ordinary range of humani
ty, and that was for buying at auction
any'little lot of trumpery which came
under the head of " miscellaneous," for
the reason that it could not be classified.
Though close-fisted in general, he was
continually thrOwing aivay his" money
in fives and tens on such trash. In this
way he had filled all the odd corners in
his dwelling and out houses with a col
lection of nondescript articles, that would
have puzzled a philosopher to tell what
they were ppade for, or to 'what use they
could everbe put. This hoviever was,
a secondary consideration with a colonel;
for he seldom troubled his head about
such articles after they were housed.,
Not so with his wife, however, who was
continually remonstrating against these i
purchases, which served only to clutter
up the house, and as food for the mirth
of the domestics. But the colonel, tho'
he often ,submitted to these remonstran
ces of his better-half, couldn't resist the
passion ; and so he went on adding from
week to week : to his heap of miscella
nies. One day while sauntering down
the street, he heard the full rich tones
of his friend C—, the well known
auctioneer, and as a matter of course,
stepped in too see what was -being sold.
On the floor he observed a collection
that looked as if it might have been pur
loined from the-garret of some museum,
and around which motely group was
assembled; while on the comfier stooa
the portly auctioneer, in the very height
of a mock-indignant remonstrance with
his audiencei
" Nine ddllars and ninety cents !"
cried the auctioneer,l " Gentlemen, it is
a shame, it is bar'3arous to stand by and
permit such a sacrifice of property!—
Nine dollars and ninety, Good
morning, colonel ! magnificent lot of
—of--antiques—and all going for nine
dollars and ninety cents, Colonel W—,
can you permit such a sacrifice ?" The
colonel glanced his eye over the hit,;, and
then with a nod and a wink assured him
he could not. The 'next instant, - the
hammer came down, and the purchase
was the colonel's at ten dollars. - As the
articles were to be paid for and removed
immediately;the colonel lost no time in
getting_ a cart, and having seen every
thing packed up and on their way Ito his
house he proceeded to his own store,
chuckling within himself that now at
least he had made a bargain at which
even his wife couldn't grumble. In due
time he 'was seated at the 'dinner table,
when lifting his eyee, hp observed a
cloud upon his wire's brow. "
my dear?" said he, inquiringly.
repeated his wife, it is not well, Mr.
W. ; I am vexed beyond endurance.—
You knew the auctioneer 1" ,
" Certainly," replied the colonel ; "and
a very gentlemanly person he is too."—
" You may think so," rejoined the wife.
"but I don't, s and I'll tell why. A few
days ago I gathered together all the
trumpery with which you have been
tlottering np in the house for the last
twelve months, and sent it to him, with
orders to sells the lot immediately to the
highest bidder for cash.. He assured me ,
he would do so in all this' week, at the
farthest; and pay over the proceeds to
my order. And here I've:been congrat
ulating m self on two.thmge ; first, on
having got rid of a mosrintolerable nui
sance ; and secondly. on receiving mo
ney enough therefor to purchase that
new velvet hat tharyou promised me so
long ago. And now what 'do you think?
This morning, about art hour. ago, -the
Whole load came back again !without a
world of explanation P , The ;colonel
looked blank for, a moment, and then
proceeded .to clear up the mystery. But
.the good woman was fiaCified only , by
the proniise of se ten-dollar note besides
th'at in the hands of the auctioneer ; on'
condition, however, that She should ne
ver mention it."l Of course she, kept
her word !--Hartford Columbian. ,
';Mouttistrio.—The Universal custom,
of mourning was white, over the whole
world till abort the, year'44oo, when
black was substituted. , n Spain White
Was retained thelast, where it continu
ed till 1495.
- 'To MAKE EtititANT
a peck of currants-on
Which fall on them vithi
each
,hand. By, this in.
jani two bushel's an hod
old method one-half. ,
ME
MEI
' Thellamplon of Law, and Order.
In the year 1776, when the British
soldiervwere quartered - upon the people
of 'Boston, and al military guard was
stationed with cannon pointed at the
dooi of the StateihOuse, where the Le
gislature was session, the patience
of the Americans became exhausted, and
at length, on the Fah of March, an attack
was made" by a mob on a sentinel . who
was stationed befOre the Custom house.
A contest ensued, in which three Ame
ricans were killed and others wounded.'
The whole people of Massachusetts were
wrought to the' highest pitch ofrage and
indignation. The populace breathed
vengeance, and even well instructed citi
zens ,were entirely carried away at the
sight of the blood of citizens slain by a
foreign soldiery,- The soldiers were
immediately arrested, and their trial* for
murder took place under the pressure of
a fearful excitement. But in these cir
cumstances, John Adams, theTathe; of
the 'venerable John Quincy Adams; and
Josiah Quincy' did not hesitate to One
forward and undertake the defence of the
prisoners. They were young men and
popular, leaders. They were true Ame
ricans in spirit, and despised the course
of Great Britian towards the colonies.--
In consenting to defend the soldiers, they
of course, acted contrary to their own in
terests, and incurred, for the time, the
hatred of unthinking men; but they
knew that the attack on the soldiers was
a lawless outbreak, and they boldly pro
nounced it such. They took the side of
law against popular violence. 'The ap
peal was successful.. The soldiers were
acquitted. A highlilace, remarks Mi.
Peleg W. Chandler, from whose oration
we gather the above facts.) is assigned to
those who rise above the temporary ex
citements of the day, and are willing to
sacrifice ambitious dreams- in the cause
of truth and justice. " There is no , sin
gle act," says Mr. C., " recorded in the
history of our revolution, which exhib
its more true [magnanimity, more Ro
man integrity, or greater devotion to the
principle, than the defence of the Brit
ish soldiers by John Adams and Josi
ah Quincy, Jr.—Phila. Gaz.
Quadrupeds of North America.
It is known that the distinguished na
turalist, J. J. Audobbn, has undertaken
to give a work,on the Vivaporous Quad
rupeds of N. Ainerica, which shall corres
pond with his great work on the birds of
North America, and we are glad to see
that be has already advanced some way
in the fulfilment of, his purpose. Five
magnificent plates, twenty4wo byAwen
ty-eight have been completed in the best
style of lithography, and carefully color
ed from Mr. Audebon's original draw
ings from life. The little animals, the
Flying Squirrel, the Rat, &c., seem al
most ready to spring from the boughs
upon which they are placed ; and the
hair of the Rabbits and the Lynx is so
admirably drawn, as to excite the most
fastidious. All the small animals are
given the size of life. ,
This is a national work, and we hope
a proper wide will secure ample patron
age for it. Time and talents have been
freely used—great exposures to the Cli
mate, to wild beasts, and to the wilder
man have been incurred to secure its ac
curacy ; and we may venture to promise
a work superior to any thiugof the kind
yet presented. in this country. .
A volume of letter press by Mr. Ando=
bon, and the Rev. Jachman, D. D., will
form part Of the publication.
They will be thirty numbers, each of
five plates, at intervals of two Months, at
ten clollirs' a number.—United States
Gazette.
In his late electioneering tour, Mr.
Clay took outing , ground in favor of a
National Bank. He said that ENG
LAND HAD A BANK, and we also
ought to have one. One of the many
evils which would follow/the election
of Mr. Clay would bethe establishment ,
of a corrupt National Bank. _He has
brought the question before the people
in his Raleigh speed' ; and; while the
Bank statellites will support himi and
freely spend money. to , aid his, cause,
the people 'come o will 'eoe put en mesas.
against Henry 'Clay and a Bank.. If
this Nis the only.question at issue in
the coming election, , it would produce
the; otverwlielniing defeat - of the Batik
Attorney; but this, in conneetittn , with
other measures advocated by Mr. Clay,
will make still more terrible the defeat
of the si Old - Haker."--Democraiic
Union.- . -
• STATE PF. MATR1Z0N1t . ......." Ma,"
said A young lady, , phereahouts ;hall , "
find the State Of Matrimony 1" .•
• 6.oh,".replied ;the mother, m.you
will find: it jo bo one of the united
mates." -; , • ..
.—Lay about
• board"; :after
a big anvil in
dm& yon
_cart
;. beating the
A National Bank.
CPT& taco (IMOlDEilaalt @CAN
..TherNewspaper.
"Thu folio of our pages, happy work !
Which not wren critics criticise;
What is it but a map of busy life,
Its fluctsaiions, and ita rag concern!".
Of all the publications which teem
kolas the press,. none are So interesting,
none so useful as a newspaper. - This
book may be useful on a particular sub..
ject—that book may be useful. enter
taining from' its style, its novelty or
from the information it imparts; but
the newspaper is interesting, useful,
and entertaining on all subjects. Per
haps you prefer history—the well con
ducted newspaper furniihes a standing
history of Abe times, Do,. you wish re
ligious instruction? the 'newspaper, to
'him who .. looks through nature up to
nature's God," affords it in the most
positive examples of the good, and the
negative examples of the wicked; it
tells what the world is' doing for the
good cause, and cries aloud against the
crimes which are a reproach to the
people. The newspaper gives you the
latest disgoveries in . Geography and
Astronomy"; tells you what improve
ments are making in the growth of comp.
tries ; it gives you the latest inventions
and improvements in mechanics,, in ag
riculture and domestic economy. It
furnishes an account of the proceedings
of governments ; and enables\ people to
know and judge of propriety and
im
propriety of measures., It is... the ty
rant's foe, the people's friend," when
managed with integrity.
When the writer of this article was
not more than ten years of age, living
in a country town, wherstbere was no
mail, and of course where newspapers
were procured with difficulty, he re
collects the avidity which he laid hold
of a newspaper, even if it were months
old ; that he could be made to stop for
nothing until he had extracted all the
inforination it contained. To this en
iosity he owes all the literary taste he
ever possessed—to this curiosity he
owes the ability of penning this article
—to this curiosity he owes his means
of livelihood—to this curiosity alone,
he owes that he has been able gimes&
fully to combat in the war of words"
with men who have made the study of
letters the whole business of their lives.
'How many families are , there that
might be furnished with a newspaper, •
it their doors, whO neglect taking them
because of the trifling sum which they
post. If the heads of such families/
would reflect, that this trifling sum
might be hundreds of dollars advantage
to each of their children in after life,
none could neglect taking the news
paper.
INTEMPERANCE AND HONOR.—A poor
fellow who had spent hundreds of 4ol
lars at the bar of a certain groggery,
being one day faint and - feeble. and out
olchange, asked the landlord to trust
him with a glass of .. No,"
was the surly.reply. never make
a practice of doing such things." The
poor fellow turned
. to a gentle
than who was-sitting by and whom he
had known in itis better days, saying,
'Sir, will you lend me a sixpence ?"
Certainly was the reply.—The landlord
with alacrity, placed the decanter and ,
glass before him. lie took a ,pretty
'good horn, and having swallowed it
and replaced the glass.with evident sat
isfaction, he turned to the man who had
lent hid) the sixpence and said--..llere,
sir, is the sixpence I owe you ; I make
it a point; degraded as am, always
to pay my borrowed money before I do
my grog
,bill."
GOD IN TUB TEMPEST..-.Bflch a
dazzling flash of lightning! ,And in
stantly a peal of.thunder, which told
wish powerful emphasis, of the wonders
of electricity! Can these -things. be
produced by chance?
The infidel saw the bright flash, and
heard the roar of Heaven's artillery.--
'He did notdare to scoff at Deity, for it
is a terrible thing to deny 'the Authors
of the elements when they are out in
_their strength.
The rain ceased to. fall, the moon
came .forth in beana, the . stars kept
peaceful vigils over all who slept. The
infidel was looking out on the
Bright satellites reflected in that vast
mirror seemed as diamonds scattered
on a sable pall.. He who'rejected God
before men, dared not in . his solitude to
rail at Deity, fff it is ars impioua'thing
to deny the power o f the Almighty,
when the winds, antf.waves a t e hushed
at his bidding.
Lord Howe called the AmericaiPat
riots the " rebee',—Judge
_Reed de
nounced the Deritocrais as the low
rabble"—kindred spirits have kindred
(soling&
11
Slag tec,