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THE PITTSBURG DISPATCH.
1
PAGES 9 TO 17.
SECOND PART.
THE PITTSBTJUG DISPATCH. SUNDAY. OCTOBER 2. 1892,
I
A CRISIS FRANCE
May Come at Almost Any
Moment, the Socialists
"Waxing So Strong.
THE BESULT OF A STEIKE
Which the Government Wavers at
Meeting as It Ought to Do.
CARNOrS BID FOR POPULARITY.
fTidences That the llillenninm Si Still
Fome Tlstance Away.
INTERESTING GOSSIP FROM ABROAD
tBT CABI.Z TO THI BISPATCn.
Losdon, Oct. L ICopyriyAt There
is fast drawing near a time when rampant
socialism in both France and Germany will
demand greater attention than all other in
fluence! combined which threaten the peace
f Europe. Iso day pastes without bring
ing Iresh evidence of the rapid growth of
the vast host which is enlisting for
"the new revolution." Four or five
years ago Germany was the only country in
which the political supremacy of a great
partr, if not the Government itself, was
threatened by the progress of the new
movement. France has always been a hot
bed of socialism, but not until recently
have its eyes been upon the people sis an
other great insanity which has come like a
nightmare of the days of the Commune.
The lorni of the craze is neither the doc
trine of annihilation of the Anarchist nor
the more innocuous nationalism of the
Christian Socialist of England and America.
It is of the sort which breeds anarchv, and
theretore more dangerous than the genuine
thin; itself. It is as deep-seated as any
thing can be in the French nature. The
more ignorant it devotees, the more com
pletelT it has taken possession of them.
Every Illouse Covering a Socialist.
The workirgman's blue blouse is almost
the badge of socialism in France to-dav.
The fires upon the new altars have burned
hi-rh throughout the land this week. The
"Marseill use," always the first trumpet
call of a revolution, is b-ing sung with a
new meaning. The International Social
Congress at Marseilles and the strike at
Ca-moux are the immediate exciting causes.
The speech of Herr Liebknecht. the
Socialist member of the German Eeichstae,
which has created the most public discus
fcion, was lar too mild for the mass of his
French sympathizers. Liebknecht's ideas,
as more clearly explained in a later
interview, are a queer mixture of
peace and revolution. He recognized
snly two nations one of capitalists,
the other of workers. Socialists
ire Internationalists. He wonld accomp
lish his reforms by peaceful methods, prin
cipally through the ballot box, but Social
ists are ready to give the last drop of their
blood to. the cause. He told his interviewer
that he did not believe in war, but if war
should break out, the country that assumed
the responsibility of attacking would in his
opinion get the worst of it. He said.
Xo Immediate Danger of War.
"I believe peace to be assured for a long
time to come, and I believe so because a
European ar would be something too hor
rible, too dangerous, too appalling by rea
son of the millions of men who would take
part in it. Still, it is clear that the armaments
which France and Germany are keeping up
cannot be kept up for war, and there must
be a solution some day. "What I believe is
that whoever attacks, that people will be
but utterly lost. The armies that will be
arraved against each other are too vast to
be annihilated; you cannot kill a million of
men. To avoid bankruptcy and revolution
some arrangement must be devised for a
genera, disarmament For my part I be
lieve that the present system of armaments
between France and Germany must lead to
misery, famine, and a giant political and
social catastrophe." j.
Herr Liebknecht is further reported to
have said that in the event of a German
aggression against France the Democratic
and Socialist party would rise in arms
against the Government His interviewer
then a'ked what the Socialists would do if
the attack was made by France. Herr
Liebknecht replied: 'Ton forget that I am
t German. It would be treachery on my
part, on the part of all German Socialists,
it they did not take up arms to protect their
country against foreign invaders."
A Flood of Revolutionary Words.
The congress adjourned with cries of
"Long live the revolution," and then the
delegates went home to spread their frenzv
among their constituents. They auceeeded
in letting loose a flood of revolutionary
words such as France has not known sines
Paris was last bathed in the blood of civil
strife.
The socialistic masses jump quickly to
logical conclusions. They have little pa
tience with careful and conservative lead
ers. The great meeting in Lyons Wednes.
day night was typical of those held
throughout the country. The assembly
worked itsell up by quick stages from tfie
sentiment expressed in the speech of the
Mavor of Itouboix, who declared that so
cialism wanted nothing less than a revolu
tion, to a wild indorsement of the words of
M. Ilenard, of Fourmies, who said that the
people of his town were ready to avenge
the deaths of the "martyrs of the lit of
May, '9V The Jrenzy of the multitude
became so great that the police finally
cleared the halL
The strike at Carmoux has become a
matter of threatening national importance.
Its origin has been fully described in these
dispatches. The rrining company which
refused to keep the Socialist Mayor of
Carmoux on its pay rolls as an employe
when he was absent nine-tenths of the time
has stuck to Its determination, although it
has been ever since at the mercy of a mob's
refusal to allow it to resume work with new
bands.
Positively Refusing to Arbitrate.
Tremendous pressure has been brought to
bear, even from capitalistic quarters, to in
duce the company to submit the matter to
so-called arbitration. The weak-kneed of
the opponents of the Socialists fear the
crisis which is threatened, and would avoid
it, if possible, by a compromise. At a
meeting of directors of the company last
night the appeal even of the minister of
public works was rejected in a patriotie
resolution setting forth the principles upon
which the stand is taken.
Tnis decision will probably compel the
Government to meet a crisis which it is
most anxious to avoid. Its policy thus far
has been precisely that of Governor Patti
son daring the early days of the Homestead
riots. It is more than doubtful, however,
whether the supremacy of the law at Car
moux can be restored without bloodshed.
The first shot fired by order of a military
officer at Carmoux might, in the present
state of public feeling, precipitate a crisis
which many careful observers already re
gard as sooner or later inevitable in Francs.
The threatened revolution is of a reli
gious as well as a social and political
nature. The suburb of St Denis, just out
side Paris, is controlled by disciples of the
new dispensation. They have gratified one
of their socialistic instincts by establishing
the constitution of civil baptism, though no
law justifies their whim.
Civil Baptism of Nine Babe.
The other day the Town Councillors as
sembled at their hall, and, as they ex
pressed it, "snatched nine babes from the
influence of the church." First the audi
ence sang the '"Marseillaise," and then
inlant-aftcr infant was baptized in the name
of "humauitv." The sponsors engased, in
case of the death of the parents, to rear the
children and teach them all the principles
of liberty, equality and fraternity. The
Town Councillors urged all present to go
forth and preach the advantages of civil
baptism.
But what does the situation in France es
pecially portend? Something serious so
serious that the danger is not publicly dis
cussed by those who fear it, lest even its
mention might precipitate it npon them.
The Government has shown none of the
firmness in dialing with recent lawless
manifestations of the socialistic spirit
which formerly marked its policy. They
cannot be blind to the situation. On the
contrary, the indications are that they re
gard the danger as far greater than It ap
pears to the ordinary observer.
Carnot's Efforts to Become Popular.
President Carnot's strenuous efforts dur
ing several weeks to gain personal popp
larity have probably had a deeper motive
than many have guessed. There were
weightier reasons than were apparent for
entertaining the masses with last week's
centennial fetes in the face of the grave
danger of a cholera epidemic. Popular
personal leadership is indispensable In any
great movement by the French people.
This is what is lacking, thus far,
in the socialistic frenzy. It needs not
a Napoleon, nor even a Boulang-r, to de
velop out of the situation a 'crisis which
would menace the peace of all Europe. The
Comte de Paris sees in the situation his
earning opportunity, and he openly declares
this week that the historical right of mon
archy "will be the necessary resource at the
perhaps early moment of a dreadful crisis."
There is no indication, however, that the
Count has anything to hope for at the
hands of the people.
NO MILLENNIUM JUST YET.
Xcw Things In tbe Armament line That
U 111 Make the Peace Society Shiver
Why Woolwich Arsenal Can't Keep Its
Secrets Any Better.
IBT CABLE TO THE DISrATCH.1
Londoit, Oct L The shareholders of
Messrs. Armstrong, Mitchell & Co., the
great gunmaLers and warship builders.
hate had to put up with a reduced dividend
for the past year, but as they receive, even
Ir these hard times, 9 per cent, the firm
cannot be in a very bad way. The Pejce
Society will not derive much comfort
from a perusal of the balance sheet,
and accounts which show that the reduced
earnings resulted mainly from labor dis
putes. The warlike part of the business
was and is very brisk, indeed, Eflorts con
tinue to accelera e the rate of fire of heavy
guns, and breech mechanism has lately
been so much improved that the breech can
now be opened or closed in one movement
instead of three, thereby immensely in
creasing the death-dealing power of the
weapon.
The firm has also invented a beautiful
smokeless powder, developing high energy
with safe pressure, and is making important
experiments in connection with the ques
tion of velocity while in regard to ship
building three cruisers are now in hand,
each ot over 4,000 tons displacement, having
a heavv armament of quick-firing guns and
a speed of nearly 26 miles an honr.
It is evident, therefore, that in the opin
ion of Armstrong, Mitchell & Co., the mil
lenuium is as far ofi as ever. This view is
shared by Krupp, the great German peace
preserver, who is engaged upon some new
things in the machine gun line, and can
scarcely execute artillery orders fast enough.
At Woolwich Arsenal attention is con
centrated on the manufacture of a new type
of torpedo, whieh will make the White-head-Brennan
and Sims-Edison systems
seem antiquated. The new weapon, its
makers hope, will do such wonderful
things that it won't be worth the
while of any nation except Eng
land to maintain a navy. Anything
worth knowing about that weapon will be
common property in every war department
before long. Woolwich pays even its best
men so poorly that it can never keep its
secrets. Ten years ago Krupp, d'uiring to
learn a new system of shelf-making then
inaugurated in the arsenal, had
no difficulty in inducing several of
the most skillful Woolwichmen to
enter hio service. He trot them very
cheap, too, but the wages he offered seemed
princely to the tren who had been paid the
pittance of mere day laborers. Fire years
ago the secret of a new English process of
gun making was obtained by the German
and French governments with surprisingly
little trouble, but upon that occasion the
traitors were discovered and expelled frpm
Woolwich.
IHDIaN C0BN MILLS IK GEBK&HY.
They Will Have All They Can Do Grinding
Exclusively American Grain.
London, Oct.1. Colonel Charles J, Mur
pby, special representative in Europe of the
United States Agricultural Department,
has written a letter from Berlin to J. C.
New, the American consul here, statingtbat
Charles Scholvin will open his new Indian
corn mill this month. He will grind only
American com. He has the latest im
proved American machinery. This will
make two corn mills in Hamburg for the
exclusive grinding of the American prain.
The first one erected had to work night and
dav, and then could not fill its orders.
Colonel Murphy adds that he expects to
place the corn in every part of the eounry.
He will cemmeuce by giving gratis large
quantities of the flour as samples. A large
bakery is soon to be opened in Berlin.
where nothing will be produced but what is
made of com. He further says that the re
port of tbe Government Commission to ex
amine into tbe merits of corn will be issued,
highly favorable to corn as human food.
WHEAT GB0WISQ IS ENGL45D.
An Interesting Controversy in Progress In
the Columns of the Thunderer.
London, Oct t The Tma has opened
Its columns to letter controversy on the de
pression in the wheat market "M. J. But
ton, a noted agricultnrist, furnished a letter
in which he claims that if England makes
step toward fair trade, agriculture, as tbe
largest English industry, ought to be tbe
first to be protected. Mr. Button eontendi
that wheat growers In England cannot pay
the farmer without protection. Other
writers delare that high rents are still the
chief cause or the farmers' troubles. Tbe
landlords, they say, are making insufficient
reductions. Land continues to bear an
artificial value, and farmers are unable to
produce wheat at a profit
A well-known Radical politician, "Walter
A. Wren, contends that England is now un
suitable to growing wheat and potatoes com
pared with more favored countries. Mr.
Wren concludes by saying that farmers
should hare recourse to dairy produce and
fruit and vegetable produce, and drop their
absurd rivalry in wheat grnwine, in whloh
England's petty area of 2,250,000 acres is
unable to hold a place. Mr. Wren quotes
from the Times' statement that American
wheat is of better quality and brings better
prices than English wheat
A GREAT AGITATION
Bound to Result Over the Uganda Problem
Another Error of the Salisbury Gov
ernmentA Big Plan That Entirely Mis
carried Why It Failed.
IBT CABLE TO TBE DISPATCH.
London, Oct L The partial decision of
the bequeathed problem regarding Uganda
by the Government yesterday, is bound to
provoke a great attitation. The granting of
practically sovereign powers to a private
commercial company in the vast region of
Central Africa is pretty generally admitted
to have been a mistake. That error
belongs to the Salisbury Government, and
the Tories cannot well criticise the decision
not to throw good public money after badlv
spent private funds for purely private ad
vantage, when that decision leaves the Gov
ernment free to do as it seems best in its
own name.
The record of the British South Africa
Company in Uganda is not altogether credi-
taoie, altnnugn its mistakes have been
errors of judgment only. The philanthropic
expedition for the relief of Emin
Pasha was organized primarily in the
interests of the company, which expeeted
to obtain for itself Emiu's province,
and to enroll that eecentrio adventurer and
his army of Egvptian soldiers under its flag.
But tbe big plan entirely miscarried, for
Emin refused to enter the company's ser
vice, and be left most of his fighting men
behind when he reluctantly accompanied
Stanley to the coast
But this failure did not teach prudence to
the directors. When civil war, fomented
by Protestant and Catholic missionaries,
broke out in Usrauda, thev deliberately took
sides, and sent Captain Luganl with a ma
chine gun to help the Protestant party.
They soon found that this sort of thing
cost money, and, in order to raise
funds thev announced thev would have to
evacuate Uganda unless the British Gov
ernment and Christians generally should
he"p them. The powerful missionary
cocieties joined in the cry lustily, and in a
few weeks the company gathered into its
coffers 10,000 to enable it to prevent
Uganda "relapsing to heathenism." The
subsequent appeal for a permanent subsidy
has been suDported . with warning cries
neainsf "the cowardly policy ol scuttle."
Now that the Goverment has refnsed to
govern Uganda through the company's
bankrupt machinery, the directors will
again fall back on the general public.
Already there is talk of starting a great
National subscription to enable the com
pany to stand its ground, the plea being
that evaonatlon would be followed by civil
strife and slaughter.
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THE STORY OF MARS.
What Professor' Keeler of the Alle
gheny Observatory Learned
DURING THE RECENT OPPOSITION.
Wonderful Changes on Its Surface
3 heir Probable Causes.
JUPITER'S NEWLT DISC0TEEBD MOON
IWmTOI I0 THE DISPATCH. I
As Mars rapidly fades in luster, so popu
lar interest in the planet is as rapidly dying
out But, on the other hand, in tbe scien
tific world interest in the recent opposition
is just reaching its maximum, and astrono
mers are just beginning to reap the
fruit of their labors during the past two
months. Observations are now about com
pleted, aad astronomers are engaged in the
interesting task of comparing their results
with those of previous observations.
The question as to whether Mars is in
habited or not was an attractive one and
was eagerly taken up by the public. There
were doubtless many who picked up their
Dispatches every morning last summer
fully expecting to read of some startling
signals from the inhabitants of Mars, or ol
large cities discovered on its surface, or
something equally sensational. But to the
sensible reader cold truth is always more
palatable than hot dishes of the improba
ble, temptingly flavored with the season
ings of a vivid imagination, and through
the courtesy ot Prof. J. E. Keeler, of the
Allegheny Observatory some interesting
facts, embodying data down to this week,
were obtained by the writer.
A Very Satisfactory Observation.
"The observations of Mars made at the
Allegheny Observatory," said Prof. Keeler,
"have been continuous, and are satisfactory
and quite as good as could be expected, con
sidering the low altitude of the planet For
Fig. tHegton of Aofw huu in 1877.
the best observations a hizh altitude is of
the utmost importance, and better results
could be obtained from a glass of half the
size if the planet were overhead. Here in
August Mars was considerably less than
half war to the zenith. Consequently the
light from the planet passed through a
much greater extent of our atmosphere than
it would it it shone down vertically. Be
sides the increased refraction tbe unsteadi
ness of the atmosphere is much augmented,
and accurate observations are made much,
more difficult
''The planet's period of rotation is known
to a verv small traction of a second. It is
about 21 hours, 37 minutes, aud'beinc so
nearly that oftlre rarthr-nnly about l-40lh
longer, it consequently takes 40 days for an
observer to get a .view of every point on
the sphere ot Mars. Each day about nine
degrees of longitude pass out of sight and
nine degrees more become visible on the
"There is a TIME in the tide of affairs of
man, which, grasped as it severs, leads on to
fame and fortune."
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TBE TWELVE-CLUB LEAGUE THREATENS TO END UP IN DESOLATION:
otner side of tbe p!
were continuous and many drawings were
made. From these, 12 have been selected
as veil representing the aspect of the sur
face at nearly equal Intervals of longitude.
The drawings are compared with photo,
graphs ot a globe of Mnrs, which was made
from 'the famous map that Sohiaparelli drew
in 1877. When the photographs are taken
the globe is plsced in exactly the position
corresponding to each of the drawings. In
this wav comparisons are made easily and
accurately.
Changes an the Face of the Planet,
"When compared with each other the
drawinzs bring out clearly some of the re
markable changes that are continually oc
curring on tbe surfaoe ot the planet The
most obvious ot these is the shrinking of
the white snow-cap on the southern pole of
Mars, due to the melting of the snow as the
pole is directed more and more toward the
sun, in August tne snow-cap was very
larsre. It has now dwindled to a small white
spot
"North of the Kaiser Sea, or 'Syrtis
Mazna,' which is one of the most conspic
uous markings on the planet, is a large
island which varies remarkaoly in size. At
this opposition it was large and bright, as
shown by the maps made by Green in
1877."
Prof. Keeler kindly marie for the writer
drawings ot a part ot Mars, and furnished
the following explanation ot them:
"The two cuts illustrate some of these
purious changes. In longitude 90 is an
odd dark spot, or lake, surrounded by a
ring pf lanq. Its aspect in 1877 is shown in
Fig. 1. In the oppositions of 1879, 1881,
eta, various changes were noticed, and it
now presents the appearance shown in the
second figure. The lake appears to be of
nearly the same size, but theisurrouuding
ring has oontraeted the ocean has en
croached, on its outer border. These
changes may be due to inundations con
nected with the melting of the polar ice.
If tbe land is low and flt a small change
with
which a
every
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in the height of the water would make
great changes in the configuration of tha
coast line.
The Moons of the Baddy Orb.
"The small round spot to the left and be
low the So lis Lacus is called the Fons
Juventse or "Fountain of Youth." It is
not always visible. These are examples of
some ot the changes which have been
noticed here (and no doubt elsewhere).
The complete observations will be pub
lished in the astronomical journals. The
two moons discovered by Asaph Hall, in
1877, have been seen on a number of occas
ions, but no observations of their positions
have been made, as for such work a very
large telescope is necessary. The larger of
the two is less than 20 miles in diameter,
and the smaller looks no bigger than would
an orange SO miles away.
"Nothing whatever has been learned
touching the probability of Mars being in
habited. It should be remembered tnat
Fig. 2 Region of Solis Lacus :( 1893.
the pooular excitement on this subject. dur
ing the past opposition wasnotrjustified by
any known facts, and it was not shared by
working astronomers. No question in
astriaomy would approach this in interest
if there were any immediate possibility of
its solution, but the answer is still too re-
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The New Moon of Jupiter.
"Jupiter is in opposition on October 13.
The North Pole is tamed toward us, caus
ing a perceptible curvature -of the huge
belts which encircle the plauet The great
red spot whieh has so puzzled astronomers
is now very pale. The new satellite of
Jupiter, whose discovery startled astrono
mers vastly more than a half dozen comets
could do, is probably beyond the power of
the Allegheny telescope, but it will be
looked for as soon as an ephemeris is pub
lished, giving accurately its time of elon
gation." "Professor Barnard, the discoverer, in a
private letter,gi ves its distance from Jupiter
as 112,400 miles and its period as 11 hours
and 0 minutes. It is accordingly much
nearer to Jupiter than the other four,
and the difficulty in teeicg it arises from
its proximity to the brilliant diso of tbe
planet" Wtlie.
MAP OP TBE PUNET JIABS.
Professor Hall Says a Great Deal Will Be
Known When the Drawings Recently
Made Are Gotten Together-Observations
at the Naval Observatory at Wash
ington. WASHiNGTOjr, Oct 1. Daring the re
cent opposition of tbe planet Mars, Prof.
Asaph Hall, the astronomer, conducted a
series of observations at tbe naval observa
tory in this city. The professor hoped that
he would be able to have ready for publica
tion early in October, the results of these
observations, but owing to sickness in his
family he will be unable to do so. He ex
pects to have the reductions of tbe observa
tions completed during the next month or
six weeks.
The situation of Mars in the last opposi
tion was unfavorable to astronomers north
H
mote to make the
except for exeroise
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of the equator, but much better opportun
tiev will be bad at the next opposition
which occurs in 1894. The detailed report
of the observations of the professor is
at Arequippa, Peru, are looked forward tot
with interest by astronomers. The observe
atory is situated at an altitude of 8,000 feat)
and this in connection with the fact that
the opposition was naturally seen to better1,
advantage in the Southern Hemisphere
than in the Northern will, it is thoughts
make the results attained at Arequippaj
more satisfactory than those secured nortal
of the equator.
The professor thinks that after all the
drawings of the planet while in opposition'
are accessible, a very good map ot the sciw
face ot Mars can be produced. He is of the)
opinion, however, that it will take longj
years of observation to explain the reason?
for the changes which are said to occur onj
the surface of the planet He is inclined to
the belief that these changes are due to the!
varying conditions of the atmosphere of the
eartn or to that or Mars if that planet has
an atmosphere.
Prof. Hall made a very close study of the
two satellites of the planet, Phobos and
Deimas. The inner satellite be found fief
brighter of the two. Tbe white spot near,
the South Pale changed daring the opjioJ
silion, diminishing in size very much ad
the sun shone on it, which induces the lej
liefthatitis snow. Prof. Hall says hej
does not know anything better to call iv
than snow. The snow spot was also obj
served with a view to determining the po-J
sition of the equator and tbe axis of Mars,'
i
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EXPOSITION. Brook's Band and Miss
Alice Raimond are bound to please you.
Concei ts alternoon and evening. You are
invited.
KEsnE3ocs asd LoT roB Sale See Mtb,
and Utti pages to-day's Dispatch.
EXPOSITION. A most delishtf nl combina
tion. Brook's unrivaled band and lll-s
Alice Raymond. Concerts each afternoon
and evening.
6JMir, in size, great in results; Da Wltt'a
Little Early Uier. Best pill for constipation,
best for sick beadacUe and sour stomanu.
EXPOSITION". The beautiful and ca'
ntu
vatlns Alice Ravmoud at tbe Exposition
afternoon and evening.
Heip Wasted Employment formany. See
cenfra-word columns, lOtli pae, to-day.
EJCPOSITIOir Miss Alice Raymond, tha
beautiful and talented musician, every
afternoon and evening.
Wbsh trofnx to Canton. O., stop at tha
Bamett iJonse; strictly flrKt-cIass; refitted
and refurnished throughout. Elegant
ample rooms. Iates, $J CO and $.5 50.
EXPOSITION Miss Alice iJaymona, the
queen of cornetists, with iSniiikCs superb
band every afternoon and eveninjK
Ml ' ' '- S
Rooms To Lst Most desirable locations
the two pitied. Page 10 to-day.
EXPOSITION New candldatos for publle
fiivor: Brook's magnificent band andtLe)
accomplished artist, Alice Raymond.
CREDIT CO.,
414 WOOD STREET 414
Jr.
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