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SCIENCE AV!CT0R,
So Far tlie Battle Against the
Invading Cliolera Germ
Leans Our Way.
THE CAMPAIGN IS DETAIL.
How Cabin and Steerage Passengers
Fare and the Discipline.
THE HEN WHOSE WORD IS LAW.
hrfal Penalty the City f namlmrg Is
Paying for .Ntglicence.
5C1DEKT8 OF FIER ISLAND HISTOBT
rnOBnuroKnEci or thi dispatch.
New Yokk, Sept 24. The three points
rom which cholera was most feared in this
Ity were Hamburg, Antwerp and Havre.
Ul three are famous seaport towns, Ham- !
nrg the greatest in Germany and the
ourth in importance in the world. It is
early visited by more than 9,000 vessels
nd steamship and packet lines send the
'ares of its merchants to all parts of the '
obe. Hamburg lies on the loner Kibe
dhai a population of 363,000 It was
SCENES OF TEE FJOET AGAINST CEOLERA,
HEALTH OFFICES BOABDINO A SHIP. THE QUARANTINE STATION AT HOFFMAN ISLAND.
A FLEET OF QUARANTINED OBETHOUNDS ANCHOBED IN THE LOWES BAY.
i member of the Hanseatic League
. free city until it became an integral
of the German Empire four or five
saga
jince 1870 the bulk of the foreign com-
uce ot Germany has passed through
amburg, and its growth and prosperity
.ve in many ways been phenomenal. The
iprovement of her docks and harbors has
en conducted on a princely scale, and are
bjects ot pride to every Hamburger, but
the matter ol an effective health organi-
ion, good drainage, a wholesome water
.plv and a clean population Hamburg is
.turies behind the times, and i.ow it is
ing a heavy and deadly price lor its
.ughtlessues and shortcomings.
ew lork the Great Landing Place.
New York receives 90 per cent of the
iropean immigration to tiie United States,
t.,i-
5iH?-rasS-aw55
. SltO: tiyvr fre?e
jaaags!----
fe5-
The Fire Island Light.
1 the greater part of this mighty stream
net through Hamburg. In August a
mber ot Russian Hebrews, driven from
me br the relentless, persecutions of the
tr'e Government, arrived at Hamburg to
:e cassare for America. They brought
i cholera with tbem, and were isolated in
nop above the city and on the banks oi
Elbe. The drainage of the camp emp
d into the Elbe, from which Hamburg
iw its water supply, and before the peo
i of the endangered city knew even of its
sence the cholera was epidemic among
'.m.
The coming of the plague found the
nicipal authorities of Hamburg wholly
srepared to stay its progress there were,
s a correspondent, no hospitals, no
dical service, no ambulances, no nurses,
desc'bouse, no facilities for burying the
id aud the repellant scenes since en
ed there b'ggar descr'ption. In six
ks fully 10,000 people hare fallen
tinis to the plague in Hamburg. Of
s number nearly half hare died, and at
present time, though the worst is now
ieved to be over, the daily death rate is
lhigh.
A Danger Comes From Paris.
'bus far the cholera has been kent well
hand by the medical authorities of
vre. The most serious menace which
city presents to America lies in the
that it is tb seaport of Paris, where
cholera is known to be raging, that
velers coming Jrom Paris to this country
at pass through Havre, and that the
iter part of Havre's immense trade is
h American ports.
feduesdav, August 31, the cholera en
;d New York harbor and knocked loud
or admission. It came by the steamer
ravia, of the Hamburg line, 22 of whose
irage passengers died of the plague while
route. Preparations for a vigorous
ipaign were at once begun and these
para'ions hare now been completed,
'he State of New York owns two islands
e Lower Bay, Hoffman and Swin
l?sr if
'" Is
Li!rf! ifl&SisJsifci'j. 'iiiiisai
tisiSI
'--
burne, which are used for quarantine pur
poses If suspicious symptomi are de
veloped the patients showing them are at
once taken to Hoffman Island and if
cholera follows are transferred to Swin
burne Island. Hqffman Island, named
(afet '
"standi. U
FmZ
dlMett.ySm?
ms"J x
IFfe cl
6 or?
Dr. TTumon.
after the late Governor Hoffman, covers
several acres and can accommodate about
I'OO people. It contains several germ-proof
disiufecting dormitories, operated by the
sulphur and steam svstem, and withthese
the baggage and clothing of infected immi
grants are thorougly disinfected. The
cargo of the steamer by which they arrive
is also fumi;ated with great care.
Even the Bath Water Disinfected.
Suspected immigrants as soon as they
reach Hoffman Island are carefully washed
and scrubbed ami supplied with fresh
clothin?. Tha water in which thev bathe
is disinfected before it is discharged into I
the bay. All of their too 1 is cooked bv
steam. The hospital on Swinburne Wand,
where the cholera patients are now being
cared for,, contains accomodations for a
large number and its appointments aie
verv complete. The bodies of those who
dle are at once burned in a crematory that
has been built on the island,
To accommodate the overflow from Hoff
man Island, a large quarantine camp has
been established on the Government reser
vation at Sandy Hook. This camp was
completed in less than a week and can
accommodate 12,000 people. The discipline
of the camp- is in charge ot the Federal
Marine Hospital Service, and it is guarded
by Government marines. At the head of
ihe medical corps is Dr. John Rauch, of
Chicago, a famous sanitarian. The sheds
formerlv used br the Central Railroad of
New Jersey have been converted into
barracks and a large number ol new build
ings have also beeu erected, including a
dining room, kitchen, storerooms Rnd a
hospital with accommodations for 20
people. Inhabitants of the camp are
inspected twice a day, in the morning and
in the afternoon. Suspected cs es are at
once isolated, and when cholera develops
the yellow flag is hoiste I and the patient
transferred to Swinburne Island.
Usually Detained Eight Days.
Passengers and their baggage are fumi
gated as soon as they reach the camp. The
period ot detention aries, being governed
by the port from which the passengers come
and their general health, but in ordinary
cases eight davs is considered sufficient.
The steamers Sandy Hook and Monmouth
touch at the camp daily and deliver pro
visions. No one is permitted to enter or
leave the camp without a pass, and the only
communication with the outside world is by
telegraph. The camp is lighted by elec
tricity and everything possible has been
done to make it pleasant and habitable.
The expense oi equipping this camp has been
paid by Austin Corbin, and his prompt and
generous action is deserving of the warmest
praise.
The cabin passengers of vessels arriving
from infected ports nre detained on the ves
sels themselves, the old war ship New
Hampshire and at Fire Island. The New
Hampshire, hastily fitted up for the pur
pose, has accommodations for stveral hun-
dred people. Fire Island, which is not an
"'u " an, out me enu oi a long, narrow
strip of land, between the ocean and the
Great South Bay, about 49 miles from this
citr, contains a laree summer hotel and sev
eral cottages.with splendid accommodations
for several hundred people, and has just
been purchased by the State of New York
lor quarantining purposes for the sum of
S210.000.
The Sad Death' of Margaret roller.
The conflict which necessitated a call for
the militia is still fresh in the publie mind.
Fire Island has a historic past. It has lone
been a popular summer resort, first made so
by the elder James Gordon Bennett, who
Bra.
& jg.,sj-Mm
A Ecbrea Immigrant.
was a regular visitor there yean ago and
sounded its praises in the columns of bit
paper. In former years Troy and Albany
sent many summer visitors to tha island,
who preferred its quiet charm to the gaiety
of Saratoga and Richfield. Thar have been
many wrecks off the coast of Fire Island,
among them that of tha steamer Oregon,
and the ship Elizabeth, in which in 1850
Margaret Fuller, the famous author, lost
her life. She was accompanied by her bus
baud and child, and refusing to be parted
from the, when the ship's masts fell, was
iwept away and drowned. The storm in
worst that ver risked Fir Island. Just
cast of the Surf Hotel on the isltnd is the
rrde Ul Hie Btcnatu ut me iuilLiWSlllt who
tried to swim ashore with Margar' Fuller's
cmld, and died in the attempt.
There is a life-saving station) the island
and a Western Union Mgna'tower, from
which the arrival of all El'riyean vessels is
telegraphed. to the city. Baron de Grimm's
I large illustration shows a health officer in
ViA a( nf Vrt a k1 I n pf a naivlv awrl vari tfanal
til c avb va uuaiuiut) s u n t t Mtuibu ii.aui
the Quarantine station at Hoffman Island
and the fleet of quarantined greyhounds
lying at anchor in the Lower Bay.
The Men Who Manage It AU.
The sweeping quarantine against Euro
pean ports now in force has brought three
men into special prominence. These men
are William T. Jenkins, Health Officer of
the Port ot New York; Dr. Walter Wvman,
Supervising Surgeon General of the United
States Marine Hospital Service, and Dr.
John M. Byron, of this city. Dr. Jenkini
is chiet executive officer of the commission,
appointed by the Governor of the State,
which governs the quarantine of the port of
New York. He is a native of Mississippi
and about 40 years of age. He has held
office only a short time, but in the present
emercency has proved himself a prompt,
resolute and vigilant official. He has been
subjected to much severe criticism, but this
was to be expected, as his task is at best an
arduous and unpleasant one.
Surgeon General Wvman has general
charge ot the Atlantio coast quarantine, and
has proved himself in every way eqnal to
the duties he is called noon toperiorm. He
is a graduate of Amherst and the St Lonis
Medical College and entered the Marina
Hospital service in 1876. He is a man of
wide and varied experience and a volumin
ous writer on medical subjects.
Dr. Byron, though only 33 years old, is
recognized as one of the most eminent bac
teriologists of the country. He is a native
of Peru and has been five Tears in the
United States. He has bad charge of sev
eral yenuw icvcr uuapuuis la xcru aau
Cuba, and was in Havana when the cholera
raged there in 18&L He has built up a
large general practice sines he came to New
York, but relinquished it a few weeks ago
to take charre of the cholera ' hospital on
Swinburne Island. There he has performed
splendid and heroio service. Dr. Byron is
a handsome man of medium height and erect
and slender figure. In his bearing he is genial
and modest. He speaks several language!
fluently. He has traveled much in Europe
and is married to a young and beautiful
Italian lady.
Pittsburg is considered better off than the
average American city, and heroio efforts
in sanitary reform have already been made.
Cholera once epidemic in the slums, which
are sure to be the first attacked, and the
wisest and most enlightened precaution
will not prevent them dying in swarms,
like vermin by the roadside. W. R. B,
Breathes There a Man
Who can inhale malaria-breeding air with
lmpunltyt No. not unless he be fortified
against Its insidious poison with Hostetter's
Stomach Bitters. Then, Indeed, is be de
fended. Not only Is this medicine most
thorough as a bulwark asalnst chills and
feverandbil Ions remlttent,hutH thoroughly
relieves dyspepsia, constipation, rheuma
tism, biliousness, norvotuncsa and kidney
trouble.
71 T'u.Vafa.s
Jr. Byron.
HIS TWO QUESTIONS.
Lesson in the Conduct of the Scribe
Who Tested the Master,
A SUDDEN CHANGE OP POSITION.
The Man Who Assumed Ruperioritj Wai
Soon on tha fofenaivo.
CONDUCT A MEASURE OF EELIGI0N
rWBnTKS TOR THE DISr-A.TOn.1
Mister, what shall I do to inherit eternal
life? And who is my neighbor?
The meaning of a question depends upon
the spirit of the questioner. It may be
asked in jest or in earnest. The purpose of
It may be to discover or to evade the truth.
We hare learned much about a question
when we know who asks it aud why be
asks it
Here is a man who comes to Jesus asking
this urgent question: What shall I do to
Inherit eternal life? A deep question!
BIghtly asked, the most profitable, the
most important, the ruojt imperative of
questions. How shall I lire that my life
may best approaoh the ideal life and be
good enough to go on, without reversal,
without interruption, into the life to come?
But the man who asks the question is a
lawyer. It is a part of his profession to ask
questions. And the record tells us, what
we might have guessed, that he asked the
question professionally, "tempting" the
Master; that is, testing Him, putting Him on
trial, undertaking a cross-examination of
Him.
Question With a Trick Behind It
It sounds like a religious question, but
really there was no religion in it Religion
is essentially concrete and personal. When
it ceases to have a personal roferenoe, and a
personal interest, and a practical applica
tion to our dally living. It ceases to be re
ligion, It becomes philosophy or ma
chinery. The discussion ot theology may
be as uu.re ligious as the discussion ot math
ematics. The Iawver did not ask his ques
tion because ha longed after eternal life
and desired to have the way of it made
plain. He wanted to make a point He
stood up to begin an argument, in which he
hoped to entangle Jesus in His speech, aud
from which he expected, not truth, but tri
umph. It makes a great differenoe in what
sDirit people ask questions about religion.
You see how the meaning of this question
lies behind the words, in the heart of the
questioner.
Presently the lawyer asks another ques
tion Who is my neighbor? Between the
questions Christ has spoken, and His words
have made an evident impressiou. This
question is quite different from the other,
and is asked iu quite a different spirit
Tqis he asks "willing,"we read, "to justify
himself." Notice the change of attitude. A
moment ago this lawyer was retting Christ
upon the defensive; now he feels the need
ot delending himself. His former question
may have been hostile, or It may have been
condescending. It uas certainly asked in a
tone ot superiority. Let us see, he said to
himself, how this peasant prophet will
solve this theological problem.
Who the Scribes Were.
There was mnch in the circumstances to
make that superior tone perfectly natural
The lawyer belonged to the most "powerful
class of "his time and nation, known more
commonly as the "scribes." He was ac
customed to salutations in the markets,
and to the best seat at feasts, and to the
chiet place in the synagogue, and to bo
called rabbi. He despised everybody who
had not been educated out of the'tcxt books
which be learned at college. While Jesus
of Nazareth was without social or ecclesias
tical position; he lacked that elaborately
useless knowledge of ritual and casuistry
which in that day passed for learning; and
he bad no money. That is, he was not
dressed in the conventional garments of
greatness. And the lawyer did not know
him.
There is a story in the "Gesta Soman
orum" of a King who lost his robe and his
scetter and his crown. Somebody stole
them while he was bathing. And when he
presented himself at his own court nobody
knew him. They could not recognize a
King without a robe, a scepter and a crown.
This lawyer, like a great ma-iy other peo
ple, found it difficult to believe that any
man could be great who was not attired in
the garments of greatness. And when he
enoountered tbe'Prophet of Nazareth, with
out anr of the usual marks ot greatness
about Him, poor, and the friend and asso
ciate of the poor, of no reputation, and not
wearing very good clothes, he felt, no doubt,
that he was justified in putting ou that air
of superiority.
A Change In the Questioner.
But in this .second question there is no
longer any accent of superiority. The man
recognized the Master. He who was tor
putting Jesus to the test is now conscious
that he himself is being tested. "Willing
tojustily himself," anxious to keep the
good opinion of the crowd, he says unto
Jesus, "And who is my neighbor?"
I think that we can" read between these
questions three significant facts about this
man, three notable changes made iu him
already by this brief conversation with
Jesus.
The first is that of which I have just been
speaking, the recognition that Jesus Christ
was gieater and wiser than himself. A
most fruitful recognition! The trouble
with a great many people who take it upon
themselves to catechise religion is that they
have never really looked into the face of
Jesus Christ They think, as this lawyer
thought, that they know more than He
does because they do not know Him. To
know Christ Is the real beginning of re
ligion. To recognize the mastership of
Christ is the first step in Christianity.
Then we go on, indeed, asking questions,
but we sk different questions and' in an al
together different spirit
A New Meaning in Old Words.
And here is a second) change in the atti
tnde.of the man. Sot the motives of the
questions side by side. One be asks for the
purpose of testing Jesus; the other that he
may justify himself. There is a great dif
ference in the endeavor to find a Caw in the
dootrine of a teacher, and the endeavor
to hide a flaw in one's own doctrine;
still more in one's own practice. See how
this man, as he listens to the voice of the
Master, begins to think about himself. He
nas uot'learned auy truth that" he did not
know before. It is not new truth which
works this change in him. Jesus has made
him answer his own question. He has sent
him to his own law books.
"What Is written in tha law? howreadest
thou?" And his answer is approved thou
sBalt love God and thr neighbor. "This do
and thou shalt. livel" AU this has the
lawyer known from his youth up. What
has he learned here to set him thinking in a
new direction? Something in the look of
Christ, something in his voice, in his pres
ence, has flashed a new meaning into the
old words. Tber bare suddenly been lilted
out of the lists of definitions and formulas
and theological propositions, aud behold
they are alirel Tney breathe and are reaL
And the man begins to think new thoughts.
He thinks about the relation ot all this to
himself.
When Religion Becomes Heat
That is the second step in real religion.
First, we begin to know Christ; and then
we begin to consider ourselyejs. We no
longer look npon it in an indifferent and
disinterested and impersonal and abstraot
way, from the outside. We realize that it
eoneerns us. It tests us. And we feel the
necessity of justifying ourselves. People
may go on for years, like this lawyer, ac
counting themselves religious, calling them
selves Christians, interested in the discus
sion of subjects pertaining to religion, reg
ular attendants at church, who are yet
dealing only with the outside of religion.
The question of eternal life is for them a
qnestlon about soma doctrine of the atone -Bint,
la whlob. the are impersonally and
Intellectually interested. And then some
how, in some crisis, they meet Christ And
whafn difference that makes! What shall
I do to inherit eternal life? in what a
different spirit they ask it I Religion be
comes real. They who hare looked into
the faoa of Christ leave their empty ques
tionings and look into their own souls.
And then in tbem, as in this lawyer,
comes the third change. Beside this differ
ence of attitude, this forsaking ol the test
ing of religion for the attempt to Justify
oneself, see what a difference there is In the
questions. "What shall I do to inherit
eternal life?" even when asked in all earn
estness, may be a selfish question. He who
asks it desires salvation for himself". But
there is something better for himself than
that We have no right to rest while any
body else remains unsaved. "Who is my
neighbor?" we begin to think of that, and
of our duty toward our neighbor.
The Ileathen Idea of Heaven.
I believe indeed that this is one of the
eternal questions, that it must be forever
asked by all good people, not only In this,
but in the world too une, I am not un
mindful of that great gulf which is fixed in
the parable between the rich man in tor
ments and Lazarus in the joys of Paradise.
Yet we need to be on guard, I think, against
the danger of pushing too far the applica
tions oh the details of any parable. And
surety me unnstlan spirit is the unseiusn
SDirit. To be helpful is the very heart of
Christianity. And that must be as true to
morrow as it is to-day. and true forerer.
And I confess I canu'ot in any way recon
cile with the Christian spirit, or bring into
accord with the teachings and the lite of
Christ, the spectacle of a miserable hell
side by side with a happy and an idle aud a
contented heaven.
Some ot the old fathers used to content
themselves in days of persecution with the
thought that they would presently be look
lug cheerily over the crystal battlements of
heaven at the heathen burning In everlast-"
ing martyr-nres. But that unly shows how
rnuch heathenism still lingered in the hearts
of those aid fathers.' The priest and the
levite in the parable bad at least the da:
ceucy to pass by on the other side. They
d.d not sit down and look on. Surely the
Christian spirit will prompt the Inhabitants
of heaven to ak the Christian question.
The heresy of Cain will not be orthodox -in
Paradise. "Am I my brother's keener?"
will not take the place of "Who is my
neighbor?" in any celestial catechism.
Eternity of Blessed Selfishness.
It is not more likely that he who went
to preach to the spirits in prison went as
our leader and example for the life to come?
Who will believe in an eternity of blessed
selfishness? Who could be happy in heaven,
conscious of the miserable neighborhood of
hell? It is true that we do somehow man
age nowadays to content ourselves in com
fortable house while multitudes of our
brothers and sisters are crowded together in
prisons of poverty. We forget them except
when some peril of pestilence reminds us of
our common humanity, and leaches with a
new emphasis how the suffering of one may
mean the pain of many. But the good peo
ple who live in the mansions up above will
be better than thitt Christian neighborll
ness, Christian brotherhood must reign in
heaven.
It is plain enough, at least Christ meant
that it should reign on earth. Aud that,
at present, is the most important thought
for us. It is exceedingly significant how
this man who talks with Jesus Christ seems
to go on step by step towards spiritual
truth. It may be that were finding in his
words more than we should have found in
his heart But sure it is that Christian
progress moves along these lines. First,
the reooguitiou of Christ; and then the rec
ognition of ourselves, of our own personal
shortcomings; and then the recognition of
our neighbor.
There la No Selfish Christianity.
There is no such thing as selfish
Christianity. We might as well talk
of cold heat. Nobody is a good Chris
tian who does not ask, "Who
is my neighbor?" and desire an
answer, and purpose to put the answer into
practice. It is instuctive, indeed, that
this man who has thus come to know Christ
even a little asks this sort of a question- as
the outcome of Christ's conversation with
him. He did not think ot asking Jesus
anything about the creed, any question in
dogmatic theologv. He did not think of
asking him anything about the church, any
question in ritual or policy. What he did
ask was a question ot conduct
Christianity is conduct Christ put un
varying emphasis on conduct You may
know when people begin to think seriously
about religion by seeing that they are better
people than they were. And you may find
the genuine Christians in any en g-i;ation
by listening to what they say, stil. iiiore by
watching what they do, by getting acquaint
ed with their lives, A religion which does
not make a man honest and truthful and
pure and helpful is no religion at all. The
purpose of religion is to make good wives
and good husbands, and good fathers and
mothers, and good citizens. It is meant
to help people to held their tongues and
keep their tempers. It is intended to
guide and guard us along the way of daily
life.
Three Ways of Asking It
The lawyer may have asked his question
in the spirit ot assurance, with a narrow
idea of neighborliness in which he expected
Christ to confirm 'him. Or he may have
asked it iu a spirit of evasion, catching a
glimpse ot our Lord's universal charity and
finding a thousand perplexities in the ap
plication of it, and so thinking to escape re
sponsibility by the gate of difficulty. The
question is asked often enough to-day in
one or other of these ways. Or he may
have put the question in the spirit of sin
cerity, really desiring to be taught, and to
obey the teaching.
The answer includes all the meanings of
the question. Neighborliness is here de
fined as disregarding all conventional bar
riers, restrained within no limits of preju
dice or race or religion. Whoever needs
our help is our neighbor. And our duty is
to do as simply and as quietly as we can
just what lies nearest to our hand. We are
not to wait for the solution of all the prob
lems of political economy before we begin
to help. "Which now of these three,
thinkest thou, was nelghbor.unto him who
fell among the thieves? And he said, he
that shewed mercy on him. Then said
Jesus unto him and unto us as well Go,
and do thou likewise."
Geoeoe Hodges.
HEIHEICH HUDSON'S SHIP.
A FIctare of the Historic Vessel Secured
lor ths TTorld' Fair.
An authentic picture of the vessel Half
Mood, in which Henry Hudson, the English
navigator, discovered New York bay and
the Hudson river in 1609 while in tha
employ of the Dutch East India Gompany,has
been seenred by World's Fair Commissioner
John Boyd Thacher, of the"New York State
Managers. As Henry Hudson is to be New
York's patron saint, and as a statue of him
will be placed inside or in front of the New
York State building op the Fair grounds, it
is the plan of the Commissioners to have
several scenes in the life of the Intrepid
commander painted upon the interior wal(s
of the State building. One of these scenes
will be of the vessel Halt Moon, as it is
represented in the old wood cut, off the
Highlands la tha Hudsoa riyar.
Henry Hudson's Ship.
I h sn M . rmm rwm art. . Ph . .--
Em lankee Ingenuity Has Failed jf'-Wjl Wif Iw -fe Wjiff KS-' 'm
to Circumvent the Bat. '7 VJ7 m C I ) (J 4J iyJSJr- m
RODENTS MCLTIPLI AMAZINGLY.
A Single ralr May in. Three lean Produce
Oyer Half a Million.
SOME ODD PATENTED C0XTEIYAXCES
rWRtTTIf FOR THI DI8P ATCH.3
We are assured by students of rodentol
ogy that a singfe pair of rati, under ordi
narily favorable
conditions, may
in three short
years look upon
the feces of no
less than 651,043
living descend
ants, and it is
A Texas Datrayer.
estimated that this fa-nily would, during
the three yetrs of its acoummulatlon, eat
and waste more food than would suffice to
feed 65,000 human beings.
Every man's hand against him, his hand
against every man, .there are favr crimes In
IihmasL
the calendar of which this cunning outlaw
has not been guilty, from petty theft to
mayhem, scuttling ships, arson and murder.
Even cannibal!. m is included in the fright
ful category, and the fact that a sick rat Is a
rare sight is accounted for by the practice
shen any member ot the fraterni ty is ill of
oaring all of his ailments
at once by eating
him up. Various auth
ors relate the story of
Hatto, German bishop,
whose residence was
so infested with the
malign creatures that be
built a castle on the
Bhineiordelense against
them but at last tber
gained an entrance and
at length killed and ate Death by Drowning.
him.
Out of this universal necessity for pro
tection against him grew the legend of the
Pied Piper of riamelln, who, having
chirmed the rats out ot the town with his
flute, was refused pay (or his services, and
thereupon Dlayed quite a different tune and
charmed all the children away also. Even
to this day common superstition invests all
rat-catchers with a
mysterious power,
and it is recorded
that a stowaway
upon one occasion
dumfounded the
cantain and his
The Filial P'atform. crew by causing
the rats on shipboard to rush against a razor
blade which he had stuck upright in a plank
and thereby cut their own throats. A sai
entist who has made a thorough investiga
tion of the snbject assures us, however, that
the so-called bewitching of rats is accom
plished bv instruments no less primitire
than red herring and the oil ol aniseseed,
the latter of which may be applied with the
tail of a calf. ,
Numerous and novel are the engines of
slaughter devised by Yankee ingenuity for
mis universal war
fare. Take, for in
stance, the design
which re'sembles a
Hindoo Idol, the top
of a Chinese pagoda
or a cross section oi
a cable railway. It
is the outline of a By Mr. TFfr-, o pj'fftofa.
rat trap, the invei tton of Henrv Younger.of
Austin, Tex. The rat is expected to go into
the machine and place its feet upon a roller,
its hind feet resting upon either ot the trap
doors. Should the rat fall to be caught it is
clearly because he has failed to follow the
dlrections, which are clear and explicit
Another Soutneru genius presents a rat
destroyer which, though verv. simple in de
sign, is evidently
founded on most
scientific princi
ples. It may be
briefly described
as an inverted
bucket with a
loose bottom
swung on a ro I
passed through
A Lttson in Ontict. the center.
Another grim design, which presents the
appearance of a scaffold witn long flights ot
steps on either side, was evolved from the
brain of William C. Marquis, of Burgetts
town. Pa. The small triangular object
which swings from the cross-bar is the bait,
and to reach it the rat is expected to stand
on a hinged platform whose axis is pro
longed and bent downward outside, where
it has an adjustable weight Below is a
chamber filled with water.
Death by drowning is also concealed in a
contrivance by a Virginia gentleman named
Wise. According
to his description
ot its operation,
the "rat passes
through one of
the- entrance op
enings, and find
ing escape impos
sible makes for
the light, which
is admitted A HtcMgan ldta.
through an opening of glass forming one
end of the apartment, supposing escape will
lie in that direction."
Upon the assumption that the education
of the rat does not include a course in
optics, a Western
inventor has con
structed a chamber
of death at the far
ther end of which is
hung a mirror. The
object of this is to
entice the animal
Jiulbefqre takmi. inside by the sight
of his own likeness. As he approaches the
bait his counterpart advances toward it
with hunger in his eyes, aud as he springs
forward and seizes the tempting morsel in
triumph a catch Is disengaged, the floor
tilts under him and he Is dropped into an
untimely grave.
A San Francisco genins, it is said, has re
cently trained nine Japanese white rats so
that they have completely rid "Lucky"
Baldwin's great hotel of their brown broth
ers. Fisank Atkinson.
Oddities in Naming Cities.
There are odd similarities In the growth
and improvement of great cities. As the
origin of the name Gramercy Park proves
that one of the most delightful regions of
New York was once the site of a marshy
pond, so the derivation of the word Tuiler
fes shows that the great Parisian palaci. oc
cupies the site of n old tile yard, and that
of Escurial shows that the Roman palace
was built upon the refuse from an exhausted
mine. The Ceramicus, or Potter's Field,
at Athens became the most beautiful quar
ter of the city, and Washington square has
undergone a similar transformation.
Trrs AUflts stopped free by Dr. Kline's Orea t
Serve Restorer. No fits after first ilr'i us. Mar
velons ourei. Treatise and sz U) trial bottle froo to
MU eases, Dr. Kline, Ml Arch st,..ttUU.. ifu sa
I 9t
A
u
BY L. H. WEEKS
(.Copyrighted,
CHAPTER VIL
THE EETXIKJr TO SPAIN.
The homeward voyage was troublous.
Scarcely had the vesels left the Island of
Hayti than biffi.ng head winds and rough
weather beset them, and these conditions
prevailed throughout the entire voya;e.
Both vessels were in poor railing oondltion
and the pilots lost their reckonings, so tint
there were dismal davs for the sailors, who
many times feared that they would never
see home and friends again.
On the 12th of February a fierce gale set
in with lightning, heavy seas and raging
winds. The vese!s tossed about under bare
poles for several days. One night the
waters threatened to engulf them at any
moment, and the Pinta was driven
out of sight of her companion. In
dire extremity the thoughts of all on
board turned to heavenly things and they
appealed to God for help with vows and
solemn acts. They vowed pilgrimages to
the shrine rt Santa'Marla de Guadalune, to
the chapel of Our Lady of Loretto and to
the shrine of Santa Clara de Mojuer. The
lot to perform the first and the third pil
grimage fell upon Columbus and the second
upon one of the common sailors. More
thao'ever Columbus now believed that he
was set apart for divine purpose. As the
despair of the company continued they
made other vows, all to go barefooted au'd
clad only in their shirts in procession to
church to offer prayers to the Holy Virgin
wherever they should first land. Still the
storm continued and buffeted the Nina
about as though it was a log of wood. The
lack of ot ballast made the shin unmanage
blo and provisions and water began to run
short
In this extremity Columbus feared most
lest the knowledge of his diseoverie should
be lost to the world. He wrote in his jour
nal, intended for Ferdinand and Isabella:
Ir was a cause of infinite sorrow and trou
ble to think that after having lieen illumin
ated fmm on high with tattli and certainty
to undertake this enterprise, utter having
victoriously achieved it, and when on the
point of convi cln rav opponents and se
curing to Tour Hi hnes jrreat glory and
vast increase of dominions it should olease
the Divine Majesty to defeat all by my death.
Then he planned to preserve the knowl
edge ol the New World even though he and
his companions should perish. So he pre
pared a short story of his voyage and its re
sult in parchment which he enclosed in a
waxed cloth and that in turn in a cake of
wax. On the outside of the parchment he
wrote a premise that whoever should pick np
and deliver the package to King Ferdinand
should receive one thousand ducats. Then
the paokage was put into a cask which was
thrown into the sea. On the poop of the
vessel was placed another barrel with a
similar package in the hopes that if the
Nina should be broken up this might float
ashore.
But a day or two after the gale began to
lessen. The wind shifted, the suncame
out and hiih hopes a;ain filled all hearts.
On the morning of February 15 land was
sighted by the lookout. A chorus of praise
went np from every lip and tbey sped hap
pily on.
On account of the heavy seas it was not
until the morning of the 13 h that they
were able to cast anchor in the harbor.
The land prove I to be the Island of St
Mary's, one of the Azores, and a new fear
fell upon Columbus. He knew that the
King ot Portugal vas vexed with him lor
having gone into the service of Spain and
he dreaded lest he might be detained now
that he was in Portuguese territory. But
there was no help for it now. His vessel
could not proceed and he was obliged to ac
cept the hospitality of the island. But
that bis tears were not unfounded was soon
proven.
On the day after their arrival half the
people from the ship went ashore to per
form the pilgrimage that they had vowed
on the shriue of the Holy Virgin. While
they were engaged In their devotions the
chapel was surrounded by the Governor of
the island and his troops, and the voyagers
were all taken prisoners. Then an attempt
was made to lure Columbus ashore, bnt he
discovered the treachery of the Governor,
and threatened him with the vengeance of
Spain. The next day the weather rove
him from his anchorage, but on the 22d he
returned to St Mary's, and after consider
able difficulty secured the release of bis
reonle who had been seized. It afterward
appeared that the Governor of the island
was acting npon ine oruers oi tne iving oi
Portugal, who had directed that Columbus
and his followers should be arrested
wherever they might be lound by Portu
guese commanders.
Taking in water and provisions the Nina
set sail again on February 24. Alter three
days of pleasant weather another terrible
gale beset them, worse than any they had
before encountered. Again they made
vows of pilgrimage, and again the duty of
performing these tell by lot upon Colum
bus. On the morning of March 4, they found
themselves off the rock ot Cintra at the
mouth of the Tagns again in the hands of
their enemy of the King ot Portugal. But
their distressed condition compelled them
to take their chances here.
Cclumbus immediately sent a messenger
to tbo King of Spain announcing his dis
covery and another to the King of Portugal
asking for protection while in Portuguese
waters. Meantime the Nina was crowded
with visitors who beard with wondering
surprise the strange story of the sailors.
The officials paid honors to Columbus and
finally a letter came from King John
invitintr the Admiral to the court near
Lisbon. Refusal was impossible under the '
circumstances, and so Columbus, though
with many misgivings, set out for Val
paraiso where the court was. He was re
ceived in a royal manner with great cere
mony. King John heard his story and did not
conceal his displeasure that all this wonder
ful discovery was to be made for the benefit
of Spain. He discussed the matter with
the Admiral an I advanced claims to the
new lands as being probably part of the
MM
AU Honor to thi Discoverer!
yntlTXMJX FOB THE DISPATCH. l9
'v9
AND PAUL LATZKE.
i9i by the Authors.! '
countries already belonging to Portugal,
The courtiers, taking their cue fro-n the
King, threw doubts upon the discovery and
the title to the lands. Some of them even
alvised the assassination of Columbus.
Others suggested that a Portuguese fleet
with an armed force should be sent out to
find and take possession of the new lands,
and this plan was afterwards put in execu
tion but without success. Finally, how
ever, Columbu3was dismissed with honors
from the court aSid escorted back to his ship
and Immediately set sail for Spain.
For days and weeks and months the peo
ple of Palos had anx;ously kept watch of
the sea hoping against hope for tidings
i rom tiiose wnoni t'tey naa seen depart la
the summer ot 1192. As time went by the
belief that the expedition wonld never be
heard from became more and more settled
and there was much mourning on every
hand. A few still had faith, however, and
watched dar and night from the hilltop
near the village. Soon after sunrise on the
morning ot March 13 one of these watchers
saw a sail in the distance that he thought
hod a familiar appearance.
t "Look, look!" he excitedly exclaimed to
a companion. "Is it not one of the ships
j of Columbus?"
" 'Tis very like." was the response, "but
I fear it is not. It was an evil day when
that crack-brained adventurer bewitched
I our King and dragged away our brothers,
' heaven rest their souls."
"But I believe it is the ship," responded
the ot,her earnest!?. "Let us wait and see."
And they waited aud watched as the
ship drew nearer. Soon it was plain that
the first speaker s sharp eye had served
I him well. As day fully dawned and the
Nina came in clear sight oil doubts van
i ished.
" 'Tis the Nina," " 'tis the Nina," they
both joyfully shouted. "Thank God for
His mercy."
With loud shouts they ran to the village
to spresd the news.
"The fleet his come at last The fleet
has come." The words went from house to
house, from lip to lip. A messenger
hastened to the convent to carry the news
to the good friar of La Eabida, and every
body hastened to the piers to nelcome the
returning voyagers. It was an exciting
time. Bells were rung, flags were thrown
out, all business was suspended and Co
lumbus was welcomed as a returning con
qnerer by those who had raged against him
a tew months before. His story was briefly
told to the. joy ot everybody and a great
procession "escorted him to the village
churoh, where he returned thanks to God
who had brought his trials to an end.
A few hours after the Nina arrived ths
Pinta came in, but Piuzon unhappily found
himself a disgraced man. The Pinta, after
parting with the Nina, had put in to Barce
lona and thence Pinzon had sent to the
Spanish Sovereign 'announcing that he had
made the discovery thinking that Colum
bus had perished in the gale and that he
would now get alK tha" eredit' The. safls
arrival of Columbus exposed him, and his
sovereigns reproached him for hU action.
In consequence, it is said, of this bitter ex
perience, he died within a few days.
Honors withont limit were now heaped
upon Columbus. He was summoned to the
court at Barcelona and at the same time was
directed to make immediate arrangements
for all the ship's men and supplies that ha
would need for another expedition. Obedi
ent to the royal command he set out for
Barcelona, taking with him the captive
Indians and the curiosities thathe had
brought home. His journey through Spain
was a march ot triumph. Multitudes
greeted him everywhere, eager to see the
Indians and to applaud the discoverer.
It was the middle of April when he
reached Barcelona. Great preparations had
been made to receive him. The grandees
and all the court officials went out in grand
procession to welcome him and he rode in
the city escorted by the flower ot the Span
ish nobility and an enormous assemblage of
the people. With him were the Indians
and then companies of carriers laden with
the gold and silver, the birds and animals,
the plants and all the other strange spoils
ol the New World. The streets, roofs,
balconies and windows were packed with
wondering and admiring spectators who
greeted Columbus with enthusiasm.
The King and the Queen received him
I cordially, seated on an elegant throne la
.:!. .....a n n him n.nlol hnnil, Th
gave him a seat beside tnemselves and after
hearing his story they fell on their'knees
anil in the presence ot the great multitude
tiianked God for what he had done tor
them. The choir of the royal chapel
chanted the anthem Te Deum Landamas
and the entire assembly joined heart and
voice in the solemn festirities.
Columbus was now at the top pinnacle of
success. Ihe court was at his feet Those
who had before despised him were now tha
readiest to praise him and seek his favor.
From being a poor despised adventurer he
bad risen in less than a year to one of tha
mast honored and most influential men in
Spain. Whatever be wanted he bad but to
ask forand it was his. Indeed, his desires
were anticipated and granted before ha
could ask for them. But all this did not
seem to turn his hea !. He remained simple
and modest and only desired to be advanced
in preparation for another voyage to the
New World. This his sovereigns were as
eager to undertake as he was and tbe-e was
no delay. He was often in the royal pres
ence a welcome visitor and a coat ot arms
was assigned to him in which the royal
arms of Castile and Leon a castle and a
lion were Quartered with a group of
islands surrounded by water, this motto ac
companying: To Castile and Leon
Columbus gave a Sew world,
7b De Continual Xext Wok.
A. Tree 6,000 Tears Old.
A chimney piece carved from wood over
6,000 years old has recently been erected in
a house in Edinburgh. The wood, an oak, ,
tree was found in a sand pit at Musselburgh,
13 feet below the surface. Professor
Geikie, of the geology chair of the TJniTer
sity of Edinburgh, after personally exam
ining the strata in which the oak was
found, said the tree, which was fire feet
nine inches in diameter, must be at lstst
6,000 years old.
The Memory of Beecher.
A bronze tablet in memory of the lata
Henry Ward Beecher, pastor of Plymouth
Church, Brooklyn, is now on exhibition,
and will be placed in the vestibule in ths
autumn. It is a life-size medallion sur
rounded with lettering and ornamental
work. The inscription reads: "In znemorlam
Henry Ward Beecher, first pastor of Ply
mouth Church, 1847-1887. I have not con
cealed thy loving kindness and truth from
the great congregation."
Awoostuba Bittebs, endorsed by phy
aloians for purity and wholsesomaaaai,
n
-t -ikC
- rVrt irfagjftrirfi nY-mV'-ii
..i.'-.'fek.?
.fl(-Alj!EA.i!fii-.
HiSfl
IBBUM IAjI