THE PIGMY SAVAGES,
"What Is Known of the Fonr-
Foot Men and Women
of .Darkest Africa,
TAKE THEIE MEAT HAW.
Climb and Swing in the Trees Like
Trapeze Performers.
POISONED ARROWS FOR WEAPONS.
Creep Up on Lioni and Big Game Disguised
in Ostrich Mcins.
THE TRIBES ARE ETIDEKTLT RELATED
rwsrrrzK roa thi dispatch.:
w O impor
tant discover
ies were made
250 years ago
by Andrew
Battell, an
English pris
oner in the
bands of the
Portuguese.
He was kept
for yean in
the convict
colony of An
gola on tbe
west coast of
Africa, and
had an oppor
tunity while
living there J
to travel
much in An
gola and the
adjoining re-
He was the first to make known the
gions.
.Tintnrr ofthecorilla. the most remark
able among African animals; and he was
also the first to announce in comparatively
recent times, the existence of dwarfs "lit
tle people called Matimba, who are not
bigger than boys of 13 years."
There is no doubt that he discovered the
ancestors of the Obongo dwarfs whom Da
Chaillu brought to light again in 1865; and
it is interesting to note that the world, de
termined not to accept dwarfs as an an
thropological fact, rejected Battell's dis-
covery in the seventeenth centurv, just as
it more than half rejected DuChaillu's in
the nineteenth. This is one instance among
many of important discoveries in Africa
discarded by the early geographers; and not
a lew recent explorations have merely been
rediscoveries of facts that were well known
200 and 300 years ago.
Dwarf Contributions to History.
Forty years ago no one supposed that
tribes of dwarfs existed in Africa. To-day
anthorities like Sehlichter, Felkin and
others affirm, not only that the ancient
writers were dealing with tact and not fable
' when they wrote ot the dwarts of Central
Atrica, but also that the world derived im
portant geographical facts from these
dwarfs. They believe, with Captain Stairs,
that dwarts found their way in ancient
times into Egypt, and that they
doubtless gave some information about
the "Mountains of the Moon," and the
sources ot the Kile. The theory that
dwarfs from the upper Kile regions did
reach Egypt is fortified in a striking man
ner bv the recent -discovery on an old
Egyptian monument of the picture of a
dwarf with the name Akka beside it, which
is the tiame of the most famous ol the Cen
tral African dwarf tribes; but later centur
ies had no faith in dwarf tribes, and the
testimony of more than one recent discov
erer as needed before the interesting sub
ject attracted much attention.
Some fitteen explorers have within the
past few years added many facts to our
knowledge of the dwarfs, and though our
acquaintance with them is still incomplete,
enough tacts have been obtained to enable
us to take a general view of these carious
little people.
A Group of Which Llttl Is Known.
One group of these pygmies, the Dokos,
have not yet been visited by any explorer,
and yet it'is certain that they Inhabit, ap
proximately, the region assigned to them
on our map, south ot Abyssinia. It is hoped
that before long some explorer will visit
them in their borne and tell us more about
them. Avanchers, Krapf and d'Abbadie,
all travelers of authority, have met many
of them an I, independently of one another,
have bome testimony to their existence.
They were described by these men as having
the same characteristics that mark tbe equa
torial dwarfs, who were cot known for
year after the Dokos had excited the curi
osity of ethnologists. Prof. Hartman in
1876 collected on the east coast reliable re
ports about the Dokos, confirming the earlier
reports.
The Dakns are said to be dark brown in
color, extremely ugly in physique, and
about four feet high. They go entirely
without clothing, and build most primitive
huts which they cover with skins or leaves.
Their onlv occupation is hunting. They
chancre their quarters as soon as game be
comes scarce, nse only poisoned arrows and
are expert in catching animals in traps and
fcmCMti Dwarfi Comnared
Portert.
WVh SkmxCbar
pitfalls. Tbey do not know tbe nse ot Are
and eat the flesh of serpents and other ani
mals raw,
Four Groups or LlttU Folks.
It is now possible to divide tbe dwarfs of
Africa into 'our groups the pygmies of
"West Africa, known at the Obongo, Akoa
and Babongo, who werefiist met in recent
times by DuChaillu; the dwarls of the cen
tral regions, known as the Akka, Wam
butti aud Batua, discovered W described
b" Greniell, Von Francois, Lf nz, Wolf,
Wissmann and others; the East African
pygmies, known as the Dokos. though they
probably compote several tribes speaking
different dialects; and the dwarfs south of
the Kongo basin, who are the Bushmen, and
their relatives ot South Africa. Some time
ago Mr. Haliburt on reported the discovery
of dwarfs among the Atlas mountains of Mo-
'A wk
"'af4
rocco, bnt the reports about these alleged
pygmies are not yet sufficiently authenti
cated to be accepted aa a tact
Among all these widely separated dwarf
tnbes exist resemblances so striking that
I these little peoples are now believed to be
Drancnes ot tne same great lamny tnat oy
one cause or another was separated, perhaps
centuries ago, nntil to-day its parts are
divided by hundreds of miles of territory in
which no dwarfs are found.
Traits of the Pigmy Character.
They are all migratory, never remaining
long in one place, though they do not often
wander far ont of their own district. Al
though all of them are savages ot tbe very
lowest type; their canning and skill as
hunters are most remarkable. They live
among tribes of ordinary statnrej whom
they supply with dried meat and fish in ex
change for vegetable food, knives and other
articles. They intermarry only to a small
extent with their larger neighbors, and as a
rule are very shy in their intercourse with
other people, which accounts for the frag
mentary information we at present possess
about them.
Beards are doveloned among them more
largely than among other African tribes. All
of them excel their neighbors in dexterity as
archers, in nimbleness, and in ingenious de
vices for catching came. Every school boy
has seen pictures of native Africans dis
guising themselves in ostrich skins to get
within bow shot of these shy birds. It is
only the dwarf bushmen who practice this
device. Livingstone said that the dwarfs
he met killed many lions with their insigni
ficant looking arrows. We know very lit
tle as yet about tbfir languages
and dialects, but the incomplete
vocabularies that have been collected show
that not a few of the words of these widely
severed tribes are identical.
The Obonco Are the Smallest.
In a number of respects, however, the
various dwarf tribes show differences of
some Importance. In Central Africa the
Titki-Tikki dwarfs are a little taller, have
darker skins, more vigorous limbs, and are
covered with fewer but coarser hairs than
the Akka who live a little north of them.
The Akka, on the other hand, are a little
taller than the Obongo in West Africa.
The average height of adult men among the
Obongo is four feet three inches, while the
A DtVABg TILLAGE Er
average among the Akka men is about fonr
feet seven inches. The Obongo are proba.
tnbes differ in color from IMt hm, i.
uiy mo iiuiuiic3i awans in Airica. The
Mack. Ran? r f.t , p .11 .CI
oiacEj Beams are a reatnre of all the
dwarf peoples, but are scantily developed
BinuuK buuic ui iucui, wiiue among otnera
mo oeara
the Batua
is quite long, particularly among
south of the Kongo. s
The dwarfs of the central regions, the
Akka, Wambutti, Tikki-Tikki and Batua,
form the most important group of African
pygmies. They are all warlike, and few of
the tribes around them have given explorers
so much trouble as the little folks who have
dogged their caravans, skulking in the for-
MAZE-MALEA
"UAIUE, ET0
V
Diilnbviwn of the Pygmy Trttet.
ests or jungle where they can hardly be seen,
climbing trees f.p& swingin? themselves out
on the limbs with the agility of monkeys,
and from this vantage place showering
down poisoned arrows upon the enemy be-
iow.
Vry Uke Trapezs Performers.
Explorers tell of the Batua swinging from
branch to branch as trapeze performers take
flight from one bar to another. Grenfell
and Von Francois were astounded to see the
Batua scramble out on boughs overhanging
the rivers until the limbs bent low beneath
their weight. These Batna tribes extend
,over tne whole southern part ot the Kongo
basin, and doubtless much additional infor
mation about them will be brought home by
future explorers. Very little" is known
of them at present, except the fact
of their existence. Sehlichter says
that like the Akka and the Wambutti their
intercourse with the various tribes of ordi
nary stature among whom they live i
usually ot a friendly nature, partly because
the Bantu tribes are atraid of them and
partly becanse the pvgmies supply these
tribes with flesh and skins in exchange for
vegetable food, cooking pots and other
articles that may be regarded as among tbe
luxuries of African pygmy life. Moreover,
thev are thoroughly at home in the forest,
and are, therefore, valuable to their Bantu
friends as spies and scouts in time of feuds
and warfare. The sites of their encamp
ments and villages are always carefully
selected to prevent surprise, and Stanley
describes their daily life as being similar to
tint of the Bantu population among whom
mey live.
The Little IVomtn Do All the Work.
The women do all the domestio work,
erect the beehive hots, collect wood and
vegetable food, watch the fires and dry the
meat. The men spend most of their time
in hunting or in bartering with tbe neigh
boring tribes. They usually speak the
dialects o: their neighbors, bnt all travelers
say that they also have a distinct language
ot their own of which we have as yet very
little knowledge.
It is now very generally believed that all
these dwarf tribes are the remnant of the
original population of Africa who, many
centuries ago, were decimated and widely
scattered by tbe intrusion of stronger
peoples. Crsus ADAH3.
Ladies are greatly benefitted by the use
of Angostura Bitters.
'rWtll ftSSftS'
; 3s
C&mrFocin )
IT IfeeLoSia) jJL jLa-.
! VMUKASSEQQEftB .
'!lfrOSSABB!sVv2r is
q 4busbhoT. , J Wi
'JpW
FACTS ON PHANTOMS.
Remarkable Cases Reported to the
Society of Psjchical Research.
A VISITATION FROM A T0UTH.
Story of a Han Who Was Much Interested
In ft Stage Production.
A LEGACI ANNOUNCED IK A TISI0N
The article entitled "Marching Phan
toms," in The Dispatch last Sunday, has
attracted a great deal of attention. It came
from a thoroughly trustworthy gentleman,
and his account of his 'remarkable experi
ence may be relied upon as truthful.
Aproposofthisitmay.be stated that the
Society of Psychical Besearoh is continuing
its investigations at London. According to
JruB Mail Budget the "proceedings" contains
a number of cases of a more or less uncanny
character which have recently come under
Its notice.
In a paper by Mr. I W. H. Myers on
'Indications of Continued Terrene Knowl
edge on the Part of Phantasms of the
Dead," the particulars of a case for whioh
the writer Is indebted to Lady Gore Booth
are given. Her son, then a schoolboy of
10, was the percipient, and her yonngest
daughter, then aged 15, also gives a first
hand account of the incident, at follows:
An Apparition Following: a Datfi.
LlSSABELL, Sliqo, Feb. 1891.
On the 10th of April, 1891, at about half-past
9 o'clook a. m.. my yonngest brother and I
were going down a short Sight of stairs
leading to the kitchen to fetoh food for my
chickens, aa usual. We were about half
way down, my brother a few steps In ad
vance of me, when he suddenly saldi "Why,
there's John Blaneyt I didn't know he was
In the housel" John -Blaney was a boy who
lived not far irom ns, and he had been em-
THIS GREAT FOBEST.
ployed In the bouse as ball-boy not long
before. I said that I was sure It was not he,
for I knew be had left Bome months pre-
viously on account of lll-health, and looked
own into the passage out saw no one. The
passage was a long one, with a rather sharp
turn to it so wa ran quickly down the last
I noD?dy was there, and the only doorthat he
1 could have gone thronih was shnt A we
wwiwpnug lonKea rounu tne corner, put
went upstairs mv brother said: ?Howpale
and ill John looked, and whr dlri h atnm
bo?" I asked what he was doing. My brother
answered that he bad his sleeves turned up.
and was wearing a large green apron, snch
as the footmen always wear at their work.
An hour or two afterwards I asked my maid
how long John Blaney bad been back In tbe
bouse. She seemed much surprised and
said: "Didn't yon bear, miss, that he died
this morning?" On Inquiry we found that
he had died about two hours before my
brother saw him. My mother did not
wish that my brother should be told this,
bnt he beard it somehow, and at once de
clared that he mnst have seen his ghost.
Mabkl Oixvx Gobx Boots.
Two Fosslb'e Explanations of It
This apparition, says Mr. ilvers
"unless we explain it as a telepathio im
pression projected at the moment oi death'
ana remaining latent tor some hours before
it attained externalization may possibly
be taken as showing something of contin
ued memory in the departed boy."
Here is an Instance where the decedent,
who had been strongly interested in an
event which was closely approaching when
he died, seemed to choose the occasion oi
that event to manifest his continued inter
est in the friend whom the little crisis a
theatrical performance ooncerned. The
account of the apparition two days after
the death of' the person seen was written
down by Mr. Myers from the verbal account
of the percipient, 'and corrected and signed
by her:
August 4, 1890.
On tne evening of Saturday, April 26, h-90,
I was engaged with mv sister and other
friends In giving an amateur per'ormance of
"The Antlffnnfl." fir. tliA WAatmln.i.-rAVn
Ball. A pasvige led down to several dro-
lng-rooms used by the ladles who were tak-
.mk ym i, vuo iciucBuuftiiuii,iiuu nuwocre
else; None of the publlo had any business
down this passage; although a friend came
to the door of the dressing-room once to
speak to some of ns.
I was passing from one dressing-room to
another, a few steps further along tbe pas
sage. Just before going on'to the stage, when
I saw in the passage, leaning against the
door-post of the dressing-room which 1 had
left, a Mr. H., whom I had met only twice,
bnt whom I knew very well by sfcrht and as
an acquaintance, thongh I bad heard noth
ing ot hlii for two years. I held out my
hand to him, saying, "Oh, Mr. H, I am so
glad to see yon." In tbe excitement or the
moment it did not occur to me as odd that
he should have come thus to the door or the
dressinii-room although this would have
been an unlikely thing for a mere acquaint
ance todo. There as a brilliant light, and
I did not feel the slightest donbt a to bis
Identity. He was a tall, singular-looking
man, and used to wear a frock coat buttoned
nnnsually high round the throat. I lust ob
served this coat, "bnt noticed nothing else
about blm specially except his face. He
waa looking at me witn a sad expression,
pp-ar-d Two Days After Duath.
When I held out my band be did not take
it, bnt shook his head slowly without a word,
and walked awavtdown the passage back to
tbe entrance. I did not stop to look at him,
or to think over this strange conduct, oeing
in a great hurry to finish dressing In time.
Next day, as a number of ns were talking'
over mo penormance, my sister called ont
to me, "Yon will be sorry to hear that Mr. H.
is dead." '8nrely not," I exclaimed, "for I
saw blm last night at 'The Antigone.'" It
turned out that be had been dead two days
when I saw tbe figure.
It may te added that Mr. W. a Lilly
states that he was present at a party when
Lady M. suddenly informed her sister, Miss
J., of the death of Mr. H., and he bears
witness to Miss J.'s extreme astonishment,
and ber exclamation, "Why,-I saw him last
night at The Antigone!"'
As regards "spirit gnardianshlp," Mr,
Myers thinks it need not greatly surprise
anyone "it that Impalpable telepathic con
nection which sometimes seems to be long
maintained between two living persons were
to persist after the removal of one of them
by bodily death. The writerjof the follow
ing, who is personatjy known to Mr. Myers,
is the wife of Colonel Wickbam, of 7
Comeragh road, W.:
On the evening of March 13, 1S70, 1 wm
dressing myself to go to a dinner party at
Admiralty HueVlttorloa, Alaltii, 1 imd
aocepted AdulrH( and Mrs, ' Invlin-
tlon. mncb auainst uiv will, as a. kmi-ntend
was i mu fcenousiy m at uriglttoti.
. . :r M. "v- T . - "i;---
ever, the latest iiwuti had teen so cheer
ing and hopeful ttat I allowed myself to be
persuaded bv my husband into going. An
eerie eellng waa creeping; over me In an un-J
aocountawe manner, bnt I tried to throw it
off, and aueoeeded In doing so to a certain
extent; still, something made me turn my
bead round and stare Into my husband's
dressing; room, which opened Into mine. I
distinctly. saw a hand waving; backward
and forward twice. I rushed Into the room
It was empty. Soon afterwardmy hus
band came upstairs, and I told him what I
had seen, bat he put it down to "nerves."
A Case or Fplrlt Qnardlanshlp.
As we orossed the water the cool night air
seemed to revive me, and I began to laugh.
at mveeir for lettlnic my imagination play
so oh" tricks. We got bome somehow, and I
dragged myself upstairs to my room and
commenced undressing. Whilst taking
down my hair I distinctly felt a band pass
over my head and neolc as if some one was
assisting me. I told ray husband to be
again laughed at. I knelt to say my prayers.
instead oi praying lasi naa oeen usea to aoi
for Qod to make my friend well, I, without
any will or my own, prayed that he might be
taken out or bis misery. I went toy bed.
Something came and lay beside tire, I
clung to my husband, wtio tried to calm me,
assuring me there was nothing there to hurt
or frighten me. A cold mouth seemed to
freeze on my cheek, and I distinctly heard,
"Good.bye, Sis, good-bye," In my friend's
well known voice. Still my husband de
clared he could hear nothing. I said, "I am
sure Mr. Abbott Is dead." My husband said
I was hysterical and over-wrougnt, drew
me towards him and held my hand till
I fell asleep for I suppose it was a
dream and not a vision 1 had. Be this as it
may, I saw my friend come into my room: a
iivia marc was across nis laoe.
He was
dressed in a nurht shirt and his feet were
bare. He came and sat beside .roetold me
he was dead that he had left me some
money and before ho died ne wished to make
some alteration In bis bequest, but tbe end
bad come so soon he had not time to do so.
He repeated his "Good-bye," kissed me and
disappeared. '
I told my husband of my dream and
marked tbe dare. Flvo days afterward a
letter witu a deep mace ooruer came to me
from my friend's brother, telling me his
brother bad passedawav at 10 o'clock March
13. Allowing ror the difference of time, Mr.
Abbott must have come to me either Just
be i ore or Just after Ills death. The legacy
left roe was as be bad stated, also the fact
that be had Intended to make a change as
regarded It, bnt though the lawyer was sent
ror he came too late.
AUGUST, 1890.
. I
THE OAMBETTA 07 BOS WAY,
rjorns'jsrne FJornson toBa Founder of a
Republic In the North.
"The leader of the Norwegians is, of
course, Bjorns.jerne Bjornson, farmer, nov
elist and statesman. An independent Nor
wegian republic has been and still is the
dream and the ambition of his life," says a
Stockholm correspondent of the NewYork
Tribute.
"To it his best thoughts and hardest toll
fire given. Tears ago, when he first avowed
his republicanism, he was unpopular. Nor
way wanted Independence, but under a
king of her own. She was not yet educated
up to republicanism. Then, amid unpopu
larity, Bjornson began the task of educating
the people in politics. Now he has suc
ceeded. Norway is republican to tbe core.
And he is by lar the most popular leader in
the whole , country. He is not only a re
publican be is an advanced radical, and as
such he not only has a majority of the Nor
wegian Parliament, but ot the Norwegian
people also at his back.
"Bjornson's writings are well known to
the world. And Norway is very proud of
bis fame as a writer. Yet to-day I think he
is held in higher esteem as a statesman and
political leader. He is regarded as the des
tined liberator of his country and
as the founder of the republic He has,
moreover, entire faith in himself and in
the success of the cause he champions. His
oratory is superb. Nowhere else in Europe,
now that Gambetta is dead, is there any
like it. His speech is like one of his own
Norwegian cataracts in the impetuosity of
its flow. It startles, and flashes, and glows
with enthusiasm. It roars and thunders,
with intense conviction. Whether on the
public platform or in his own house at
Aulestad, before a multitude or in the
-presence of three or four friends, he is one
of tbe most masterful speakers in all the
world." .-
THE MOST USEFUL MINEEAL.
lee Is of More Benefit to Mankind Than
Either Salt or Iron.
'If one were to ask his friends what min
eral we are most familiarwith and most
commonly used as food, the answers wpnld
probably be both varied and amusing. (Salt
would, I fancy, first suggest itself to many,
and to those whose training in physiology
and. hygiene has not been neglected, nb
doubt the claims of lime and iron and cai
bon. whioh, in one form or another, we us
with food to build np bone and brawn,
would be amply urged. But, after all, it is
water, for water is a mineral a fused min
eral," savs a writer in Barper'i Magazint.
"You will find it described as such, along
with quartz and topaz and the diamond, in
Dana's Mineralogy, or in other treatises on
stones.
"We usually think of minerals as solid
things, such as metals and rocks and jewels
and various chemical salts. But when we
consider the matter a little we see that all
these things lf melted by strong heat are
minerals still, only they are now in a fluid
instead of in a solid state. The difference
between these minerals and water is that
water gets fluid at a lower temperature than
they do, and, like quicksilver, stays melted
at ordinary living beat. Bnt in those old
ages which, one after another, have swept
now over the Northern and now over the
Southern hemisphere, bringing ruin' and
desolation, the natural and common condi
tion of water was that of a solid Ice as it
largely is to-day out-of-doors in winter
when not kept fused by the stored-up heat
of the soil and rocks, or melted by the sun."
MI6.TAH PEACOCK AN' Mlb" GUINEA
HEN. rWKITTBS FOR TIW DISPATCn.1
Dey llbed on de same plantation,
But cudden' git long bery well.
Ease he's mighty hfalutln'.
An' ass ber a lot, so dey tell;
I heah she his po relation,
An' do' I duan know dat fer faok,
Ef true, hits mos' sho'ly de reason
Fer de mean, suabby way he ack.
He had de rnn ob de gyardln,
Wile she batter stay bin' de fence
Wld wings cut ter keep 'er from flyln'.
I tell yu, he tlnk he'z Immense
Wen spreadln' be bill an' struttln
'So blgsfitty ober de grass.
An' goln' close nil ter de pallns
So due batter look at 'ltn pass.
One time he fly np on de rail Ins
On pu'pus ter gin ber some Jaw,
Mis' Guinea knowed wat a-comin',
An' put, but he lay down de law,
"No good fer ter run, Mis' Guinea,
Day ain't nary spot an de place
My pow'ful voice hit won't reach ter,
Ho nse ter try hidln' yo' faoe."
"No wnndah yn wanster hide hit,
Yuz a po' ol specklo-face ting,
Widout enny tall ter speak ob
Or eben da nse ob a winxi
Er ter de mattah ob talkln',
Yu can't eben ansah me back,
All evah I hea'h yn 'spon' is
'E ut-rack-a! put-raok put-rackl'
Mis' Guinea she 'bout ter ansah
An' tell Mm de mos' ob folks say
He's vain, silly, prond an' foolish,
All tall an' no bead, an' de way
He. go on erbont be feddera,
An' spread 'em wen folks passu.' by,
Had Kiben riz ter a eayin'
Dat pea-cocks is all gret big "I."
She stop an' tlnk twlot erbout hit.
An' doan say no wnhd but "put-rack,"
(De guinea talk fer "good mawnln' "),
She Unowned taint no nse ter hit baoki
She walk off an' lef hira Jawln'
All mawnln' atop ob de fence,
An' wen yu heah nat ting happen,
Yu'll say dat she show ber good sense.
De mlssns walk in, de'gyardtn.
An' i-ay, "O dat terrible noisel
I'll hab dat bird pnt an eend ter,
Per all peace an' quiet he 'strove.
I tlnk. ton, he'd look light harnsum
Wen stnflTed nice an' stood on a Stan',
He lubly tall all out spreadln',
Yas, dat am a bery good plan.''
De tale of de Peacock an' Guinea,
Dls iioali is de meanin', I low.
Taint safe fer ter be too good-lookin',
Kr try ter show off ennyhow,
An' wen fer ter sing yo'own praises
Verobnnes np. de nmsio alas sweet
In de ea'ba ob lls'nln' people,
'Dn'inl tlnk Vila flnln' Ik &
Aan-Ysktxsxs.1
THE.-KU-KLUI KLAN.
An Ex-Member Tells the Story of Its.
Formation in Tennessee.
PURELY ,T0 PRESERVE THE PEACE.
fits
Code of Signals, Demonstrations and
Protective Measures.
EFFECT OP TM .MISSISSIPPI PLAN
OORBISrOHDINCI OS" THI DISPATCH.
New Yobk; Aug. 27.
NE of the original
leaders in the Kn
KIux Klan of the
South Is at present
engaged in business
in Wall street. He
is an Alabamian, a
tall, muscular blond,
with an exceedingly
emotional tempera
ment and a fierv energy ot character. He
gave me yesterday some of the inside pic
tures oi the original formation of this once
powerful organization. I have tsat through
a number of Congressional investigations
during the reconstruction period and have
witnessed the numerous official attempts
made 'to .establish absolutely by evidence
the true history of the organization. All
of these official attemp'ts have failed. No
member of .the society has ever betrayed its
secrets. The only evidence that oould be
obtained concerning it w,as through wit
nesses who gave testimony concerning its
acta " i
These stories were often colored by par
tisanship and exaggerated from the influ
ence of terror. Yet enough was brought
ont to show that there was such 'an organi
zation, altbongh Southern leaders for many
years have pooh-poohed- all of the allega-
Midnight Walk of the Ku-Ziux Klan.
tions concerning tbe work of the society
and have practically denied that there was
any such thing, so far as the general Sopth
was concerned.
A Frodnet of Tennessee feoll.
This Southern leader, who was at one
time so prominent as an official in the Ku
Klux Klan, said that if his name were not
given he would tell the inner history of tbe
organization and why the society was
founded. The Kn-Klux Klan was fonnded
in Pulaski, Tenn. It was organized as a
vigilance committee for the purpose of pre
serving law and order. It was made np of
ex-Confederates. The organization begun
in Pulaski extended throughout the South.
It was formed first in the spring of 1867.
The organization continued only until after
the inauguration of General Grant, in 1869,
when it was disbanded and ceased to exist
as a society. There mav have been sporadic
demonstrations from time to time in the
name of the Ku-KIux, but this has been
done without authority. All through the
South now whenever there is a raid made
by masked men it is said to be the work of
Ku-KIuxers, but the fact remains that the
organization only existed the short period
above named.
This gentleman said, from his point of
view, there was the most justifiable reasons
for the formation of the society. During
the war the negroes were very faithful to
their old masters; in fact, he said, the old
negroes to-day are the most loyal and affec
tionate people in the world. After the war
succeeded a very nnhappy period. The
worst blow that ever betel the South was
the assassination of Lincoln. The adminis
tration of Johnson stirred up allot the nn-
appy elements in the South.
Lawlessness Became A most Universal.
ere came into the South a party of ad
venturers who.sougbt to use the negroes to
fustier dishonest and unworthy ends. The
neiboes were taught to believe that the en
tire South was to be theirs and that their
former masters were to be driven out The
8tatel were put under territorial forms of
government, soldiers were placed at tbe
polls dhring elections, while the test oath
exoludeu from the right ot suffrage and
from the power to -hold office every one ot
the leading men of the South. The local
courts we abolished. Nothing but the
Federal courts remained. Such a complete
disorganization of society bad a great effect
upon the negroes. They saw the class that
they had always been taught to look up to
discredited and, disqualified. Stimulated
by tbe passion of partisan leaders, they
were led to take an antagonistic position to
their former masters. This, with the un
settling of the normal condition of affairs,
the abolishment of tbe regular courts, made
lawlessness almost universal
It was a most I nnhappy time. The cruel
outrage of a moper and her daughter, of
one of the best families of Northern Ala
bama, led to a meeting of the leading'citi
zens to .take some steps to protect their
lives and property.
The Sound of Cocking a Gnu.
This was the first formation of the Kn-
Klux organization. Tbe first meeting took
place across the) border in Pulaski. There
was no name giyen to the organization. It
was smply the) formation ot a vigilance
committee. The society received its name
later from theinegroes,twho gave to it the
name Ku-KIui as the nearest approach in
words to describe the cocking of a gun. The-
Tpnrrl lrlaT." urns oftitrTi1 aAAmA hv inftia
alliterative writer ot a newspaper.
The first meeting of the Klan took place
In' a church. The pastor fully compre
hended the object of the meeting and will
ingly lent tha church for this purpose. The
meeting was) held at night Guards were
posted on the road for half a mile abont to
avoid any interference or spying. The first
speakers called attention to the fact that the
country wasin a condition of disorder. A
Presidental I election was nea.t at hand and
it was of tbje highest importance for the
whites to take such steps as to prevent the
negroes from asserting their superiority of
numbers solas to gain control ot the South
ern States. I This control, it was said, meant
the destruction of all ot the property rights
of the planting class, the possible "murder
and outrage) ot their families, or, in any
event, exile.
It must l be remembered that the
Southern States up to that time had rati
fied the thirteenth and fourteenth amend
ments, but bald never ratified the fifteenth,
giving right I of suffrage to the negroes.
This is given in explanation of the attitude
of many of the Sonthern politicians of to
dav. They have always opposed nesro
suffrage, and, through their local legisla
tion, have practically disfranchised the
negro.
A Membership
f Twenty-Five Thousand,
The Klan,
prised some
hen first organized, coin-
members. It afterward
t the South so that there
r.000 men enrolled in the
spread through
were npwam
society. The
leai
ers Were very able noliti-
cians. Tbeirchii
efforts were to be dlreoted
first to 'terrorisinj
juring them.
the negroes withont in-
A very,mysterl(
uniform was devised,
of the Klan were
Aii. wine i memj
mounted. The'b
ofs of their horses were
dona np in halll
tanned leather, . ThM
IIIJJP
silenced their footfalls, to sfekt aa entire)
troop of Kn-Klux womld paaa aleg the road
without a sound. The horses ware theat
covered with white cotton ticking down 'to
their fetlocks. Eaoh rider wore over his
ordinary clothing a long black calico gar
ment, which, being divided into pantaloons,
descended until It hid his feet. Over the
head of each rider was a black calico mask,
whioh fell over his shoulders. Each rider
wore what he pleased on top of this mask.
Some devised fantastic headdresses. One
ingenious Kn-Kluxer used to wear a skull,
with a candle gleaming in tbe Interior.
All new member of the society after
their first meeting in the ebnrch were ini
tiated at midnight in some deep woods. It
was one of the rules of the Ku-Kiuz to
never meet except at night Any member
of the Klan who permitted himself to be
seen in the uniform ot the society in day
light subjected himself to the most rigorous
military punishment. Three members of
the Klan were shot tor disobeying the order
of only appearing at night. These men
used the name and uniform of the society
The First "Water Blnre Mamma.
for tbe purpose of committing a daylight
robbery. Thev were tried that very night,
shot and buried at the place of trial
' Everything Was Done by Sign.
At the meetings of initiation the new
candidate was made to take the most awful
oaths that he would faithfully obey the
commands of the society. He was then
taught the various signs, because in the
ritual of the Kn-Klux no words were
spoken. Everything was done by signs.
Executions' when ordered were all carried
throngh by a language or signs. Alter a
candidate had accepted he was given a lit
tle book, a pamphlet of some eight or ten
pages, which contained all ot the signs of
the society. These the candidate had to
study and master before he would be ac
cepted as a full-fledged member. These
signs were of the simplest possible charac
ter. For instanee, the question "Are you
a member of theKu-KluxKIan." was made
by simply placing the thumbs inside of the
belt with the Hands pointed downward.
The answer oi "yes" was tbe careless push
ing back of the hair with the right hand.
All of the natural gestures were employed
as the language of the society.
When there was to be a meeting of the
society the various members were sum
moned always by someone living at a dist
ance. A member living 15 miles away
would be sent to notify a neighborhood.
This was done by a series of whistles im
itative of some night bird. No one ever
failed to obey these signals, as the penal
ties for refusal were very severe. When
the section of a klan moved out at night no
one knew his neighbor. From the time
they started on the road until their return
no words would be interchanged. They
always rqde in single file -30 feet apart
Where the number was large and two were
ordered up abreast, they invariably placed
the width of the road between them.
Funlshed Only the Serious Crimea.
My informant says that during bis con
nection with the klan there was never a
single punishment committed by the so
ciety except for the crimes of murder or
outrage. Tbey did order, a number of men
to leave the country, and where tbey re
fused to go made it impossible for them to
live in the neighborhood But in each in
stance, he said, the men driven ont were
mischief makers and stirr ers up of tbe evil
passions of the negroes.
Some of their midnight masquerading
bordered upon the grotesque. Tbey did
not always go ont to tie up criminals for a
whipping or for ,an execution. Their first
midnight raids' were lor the purpose of
simply creating a spirit of uneasiness and
terror. Tbey would ride np to the bouse of
some negro wo was conspicuous for his
disorderly qualities, surround the house and
burn white lights or red lights as tbe caval
cade wouia nie pasc xne negroes would
generally swoon with terror and swear
afterward tbat they bad been visited by
ghosts.
After a time tbe story was circulated tbat
they were the ghosts of their former mas
ters, killed on the field or battle. OnaKn
Elnx Joker emphasized this story by con
cealing under his black shirt a vessel made
or skins which would bold 13 or 13 gallons.
He beaded a cavalcade one night wblcb
stopped at tbe bouse of one of the most
superstitious negroes In the county. They
surronntled the bouse and under cover of a
revolver made the negro come out
Drank a Tank Fall of (Tater.
He came asben with terror, and receiving
only signs doubled himself to tbe right and
the left in his eagerness to carry out the
orders of his visitors. Tbe Ku-KIux Joker
signed for water. He made the negro bring
water to blm, which he pretended to drink
until be had stowed away some 15 gallons.
The more water he ponred down the wilder
became tne terror or tne negro, tvnen the
last bucket' bad disappeared, the Ku-Elux
leader said In a hollow, sepulchral voice:
"That's good. That's the first water tbat
has passed my lips since I fell at Manassas."
At this the coloied man utterly collapsed
with frlgbt and fell to the ground. In
another moment this small army of phan
toms bad disappeared In the darkness. This
story was enlarged upon until the mere
word Ku-Klnx Elan was enough to turn any
coloied man in tbe neighborhood tbe color
or ashes.
One orthe greatest demonstrations or the
Kn-Klux was made one night at Hnntsvllle,
Ala. This town was then occupied by 12,000
United States troops. It wa1ust before the
Presidental eleotion of 1658. Tbe demonstra
tion was made on Saturday niirht. The elec
tion was for the following Tuesday. This
p.nado was made lor the purpose of over
awing the colored voters.
This ex-Ku-Klux leader says tbat follow
ing Grant's election as President the Klan
was formally disbanded tniongnout the
South, The reason of it as that they bad
belief in Grant. His treatment or Leo's
army when It surrendered had created lor
him throughout the South a most favorable
opinion. The leaders of the Klan were old
soldiers and tbey looked to General Grant
with confidence for fair treatment
Abont the Mississippi P an.
Tbe Mississippi plan or limiting the
suffrage by educational and property quali
fications will soon be adopted throughout
the South. This is practical disfranchise
ment of tbe negro, This Mississippi plan,
' they say, IS strictly witbin their powers and
cannot be interfered wltb. I think that the
political leaders in the South have come to
tbe conclusion tbat they will have to accept
the cutting down of their representation In
Congress. Tbey will have to consent to be
represented there by the number of votes
cast instead of as to-day, by the votes that
might be cast. This, they claim, Is the only
Teal point of contention between the North
and the South. Theviegard the control of
their own State affairs' as of vital Import
ance. With the representation in Congress recast
they say that the Noith then will have no
real right to criticise. Tbey add tliat the
Mississippi Qualification could with pro
priety be extended throughout the North.
In Mississippi no man is allowed to vote to
day who cannot read or write or who has
not paid his taxes on a certain amount of
property. They say that these qualifica
tions. IT Insisted upon lanllot the states of
the Union, would tesnltln a better adnilnls
tiation or affairs, and that there a ould be a
wiser use oi public money lf only properly
owners ereallowettluipose taxes. They
say tbat this is tint only W4V ilia race prob
lem ot tbe South can be solved. This is an
other point ot view and Is of Interest In con
nection with the inside Htorv or the Kn-Klux
Klan and tbe objects for.whloli it w organ
ized. T. C. CiuwroBD.
A Traveling Han's Experience With Dlar
rbojj, I am a traveling man and have been af
flicted with what is called ehronio diar
rhoea for some ten years. Last fall I was
in Western Pennsylvania, and accidentally
was introduced to Chamberlain's Colic.
Cholera and Diarrhoea Bemedy. I ventured
to make a trial and was wonderfully re
lieved. I would like now to Introduce it
among my friends. H. M. LSW19,
24 ""freeman street, Cleveland, 01
yrxlum.
VPBITTEN FOE THE DISPATCH . .
IN TWO INSTALLMENTS.
All BIOHT3 BE3EEVZD.
B"X"
Note The following story was fonnd in a roll among tbe effects of a Lieutenant Com
mander in the United States Navy who distinguished himself in tbe war for tbe preserva
tion of the Union. Placed in charge of a prize which he with six others captured, tbey
were lost, at sea, no tidings having ever Deen heard of the vessel or tbe crew by tbe De
partment ,
CHAPTEEX
THE ELDEBXY TVOOEE.
"God save all here!"
My mother looked np. She 'was sorting
some woollen stuffs and had turned to the
window. I think I see her now, spectacles
pushed np, looking with surprise upon
Gideon Perkins as he seated himsel I
was bnt 10 years old, and rather forward
for my years, bnt not impertinent, for im
pertinence to elders was a thing unknown.
I was mending my boat The door was
ajar; I could see Gideon Perkins plainly.
He had a big, high nose, wiry, red hair,
and eyes that bored one through. I was in
mortal fear of him.
"God save allherel" he said the second
time. My mother listened respectfully,
but she did not take his bat, a circum
stance that surprised me greatly, she was
so prompt in such matters.
"I was speaking to Ehillp Gray on a
matter yon may apprehend. It was about
your daughter Hannah, a very sensible,
prudent young woman. She has good
right to be, seeing she has such an ex
ample." "And did my husband tell yon to eome
to me, Mr. Perkins?"
"That I will not say. I said I most as
suredly would speak to you."
"Do yon not think It would be as well to
let tbe young people arrange these things
themselves.
"Here is some strange mistake," said
Gideon Perkins, holding his head np. "I
spoke not of my son. I would marry Han
nah myself."
"And that be the case, you are old enough
to speak to Hannah yourself." Then my
mother stood strangely silent before him.
"You know she will be well provided
for," said Mr. Perkins slowly. My mother
looked at bim calmly
"Tbe best provision a woman can have is
the love a true husband bestows upon his
wife." Gideon looked at her keenly, and
said sharply:
"At least yon will not prevent her."
"Be sure, if she comes to me I will not
all to give her a mother's advice." There
was a ring in her voice I rarely heard.
"There are many who would deem it an
honor" there my mother cnthlm short, say
ing: "We have lived so long without seeking
anyone's favor tbat it is little matter who
is honored now." The color came to my
mother's cheeks; she never looked hand
somer than she did when Mr. Perkins rose,
turned and looked at her angrily, then
walked out of the house. I heard my
mother say, under her breath as she looked
after him," "she will never marry you, Mas
ter Perkins and I can prevent It"
I entered the room and exclaimed, "I
hate Gideon Perkins. Yon won't let him
have our Hannah."
A HEAYT HAND TVAS
"Mercy! child!" My mother caught my
arm. "How often have I told you never to
listen."
"The door is wide open how could I help
it"
A change came over my mother suddenly;
she drew me near her, stroked my head and
said in an earnest tone: "Allan always be
kind to your sister; never iet anyone say
ought against her."
I was going to answer her warmly, when
my father entered. "Where Is Ha'nnab?"
he asked. My mother answered tbat she
was in the lot Then? my father, who was
in a strange mood, looked at my mother in
a qulzlcal way.
"Did Gideon Perkins speak to yon?"
My mother glanced at me, and my father
ordered me to bring him my copybook.
Now, if there was one time more miserable
than another, it was when my lather turned
over my copy book. He would point ont
tbe blots and affect to believe tbat the eat
bad overturnj I the ink. His irony was
worse than a scolding. My mother plead
for me, and I was glad to escape from the
house. But X knew they were talking
about Gideon Perkins. I. was running after
tbe dog across the field, when I stumbled
over our Hannah. She was sitting on the
grass, plucking a flower to pieces, a thing I
would not have believed had I not seen it
Hr eyes were wet with tears. Instantly
my mind turned to Gideon Perkins again.
I associated him with Hannah's tears.
"Is Gideon .Perkins a very rich, man,
Hannah?"
"The richest man in Leyden some say.
Why do yon ask, Allan?"
"I wish I was rich. I will be some day,"
I said confidently. "As soon as ever I can,
I'll go on a ship and make my fortune."
Hannah looked up at me plteously. "O,
Allan! Yon boys all want to sail on the
It is tha bane of the world. Promise
'liiPii'miJj''''!iii'jI,, ''w'f'uC
me, Allan; never to think of snch a thing
withont first asking me."
I promised very reluctantly; then Han
nah wiped her eyes and walked to the house,
while I ran after the dog that was barking
around a heap of stones near a clump of,
trees in which one could conceal himself
from all within view of the road. Tha
trees grew in what I thought a great hollow;
since, I have learned it was only a largo
dimple in the broad field. All manner of
rank weeds and undergrowth grew there.
Tangled briers thrived there, as my bar
legs and hands could testify.
The dog left the pile of stones and mads
straight lor the clump of trees. Aa I waa
running headlong after the dog, my feet
canght in a bramble, and I fell my fnll
length. Tbe breath was knocked out of met
when I rose, panting, I saw my sister Han
nah, walking in the opposite direction.
She had gathered her shawl around ber
head I knew her shawl as well as I knew,
mv cap. She seemed;to be in great haste.
When I betbonght me that I had left her
not five minutes before walking in the op- s
posite direction, going to the house, I waa,
frightened. It was very strange: it seemed
like the warnings I had heard people talk-t
ing abont
As I Btood there looking after her with a,
- strange fear at mv heart, forgetting the
dog, which was barking and snapping
among the trees, a heavy hand was laid on
my shoulder. My terror was so great now
that I almost dropped, but the hand held
me np in a tight grip, and a deep voice)
stunned me with the words:
"See that your lips are sealed, youngster.
If yon e-jer mention what yon have seen,
it will be worse for you."
When I looked up I met a scowling face,
the face of one I bad never seen before. Ha
shook me roughly with both hands; ha
looked down on me with mnrderous eyes,
then turned and walked away straight to
Leyden. I called the dog, and hurried
home as fast as my legs could carry me.
When I entered the house, Hannah met ma
at the door, and putting my copybook in,
my hand smiled as she said:
"Allan, father has been asking for yon.
Go, and maybe he will find your work well
done for once. Why do you stare so?"
"Did I not see yon just now goingjj
Granny Means?"
"Shi Allan."
I did not know then that the air was full
of all sorts of rumors of apparations,
witches, and evil spirits. "Say not a word
if you have seen anything. Be silerit aa tha
grave," and,with that she pushed me gently
Into the next room.
CHAPTER JX
THE SECEEX OP THE "WOOD.
My father affected surprise at my delay.
He was turning over the leaves of the copy
book when voices sounded near the boost,-
'tAXD ON SIX SHOtTLDEK.
My father listened intently, then boldiar
the book in his hand advanced to tbe doo "
and threw it wide open. Mv mother and
siiter stood at the door XnnWntr nrtt.
"Is not that Peleg's voice? What doeaf i
it mean?" my mother said. Peleg was my ,
father's apprentice. He dashed into tha
house with a colorless face and staring1
eyes.
"What ails the lad? Why do yon eomaj
In on ns in this fashion?'' demandedVmyyi
lather.
"Such an awful thingl It makes or VV
blood rnn cold." IS;
"He is beside himself with fright,"
my mother, sharply. "He has losthk i
wits." " llw.
"He bad little to lose," said my 9Ahef
catcning mm oy tne arm ana snaitinf hlsav
"Wnat is it they are bringing here7f., .
"'Twas none of mv doinir. I'dfeAhe?
walk ten miles than see it again, his BnJj
der. Master Gray." - V
Myynother put-faer band over her heart r
my sister stared at Peleg with a white sat J
f... j ri
9tnn intn ihm nttip vnAm " rM bit ftitu?
sternly. "This is nothing for vomea'a 2kPl
eyes. Walt until! call you." ' ir
But chance or stupidity precipitated the) '
very thing my father desired to prevemtt' i
The door of the backroom waa ajar. TJrtll
crowd, seeing the door open, walked-1 bt$ j
When my father pushed my mother, a4 l
followed ns we encountered four nun bear.' Jv
lng in the body of the dead man. There. y
was a nanaxereniei over tns aesa nson
face. My blood ran cold; my Bother"
screamed, and my sister would have faiateei
had not my father pnt out a had.v
with one switt movement he. pull'
her back into tha frost roes.-
At the same time I was in his grasft-M
mother seemed to be pashedfottt alosg vl
- v 'x ' TvjjHr
wsffiMt saHBsK)mif5aBsmrj55sfBHBsMSsMWsMa & mSTifrwJiMpSmr-BisBsssK
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