THE . FITTSBTTRGr DISPATCH, - THT7ESDAT, ATJGTJST
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I'lTTMIUKO. THURSDAY. AUGUST 25. 183?.
TWELVE PAGES
ALL OVER AT BUFFALO.
The Dispatch yesterday moraine; fore
told that in all probability the Switch
men's strike at Buffalo would be called off
as the result of the conference "to be held.
Last midnight the strike was called off by
Grand Master Sweeny.
All true friends of labor will rejoice at
this decision. While the strikers seem in
the first Instance to hare bad the right on
their side, their numbers were too small to
win the stniRple unaided, and the issue
was not of sufficient importance to demand
the support of larger railroad unions.
Furthermore, however right may have
been the claims of the striking men, the
lawlessness which they made no effort to
suppress which in fact some individuals
among them more than countenanced
robbed their cause of public sympathy.
Now that the struggle Is ended peace
and order will soon be re-established, and
the courts will decide where criminal
charges have been made. Some of the
men will probably get their work back,
while the ringleaders will naturally have
to seek a job elsewhere. Apart from the
illegality of methods employed it was evi
dent that the men were engaged in a hope
less task, and it is satisfactory that their
leader has succumbed to the inevitable
and prevented further useless misery.
UNIFORMITY OF LAWS.
Commissioners appointed by the Gov
ernors of six States are now in session at
Saratoga to discuss the best method of
obtaining uniformity of State laws on in
solvency construction and nrobate of
v ills, marriage and divorce. New York,
Pennsylvania, MassachusettSjNew Jersey,
Delaware and ilichigan is each repre
sented by three commissioners. This as
semblage should prove an important step ,
in the right direction to a goal difficult of
attainment Inter-State commerce would
be all the better for this reform as to in
solvency. Inheritance of property would
be freer from litigation with uniformity in
State laws as to the construction and pro
bate of wills. But far and away the most
important subject under consideration Is
the need for uniformity as to laws of mar
riage and divorce.
This is a matter that closely touches the
morality and social life of the whole
nation. The wholesome effect to be ex
pected from such a change as is sought
can hardly be overestimated. There is
no logical reason, nor are there different
circumstances to life in several States
which can hinder the attainment of the
desired end. But the difficulty is to find a
code of laws on these subjects which all
States shall be able to recognize as the
best and most equitable for universal
adoption. The reform ought to come
some day, and the sooner it comes the
better, but the probability is that its ar
rival will be long postponed.
NO PLACE FOB AS AKCHX.
The use of a dynamite bomb m connec
tion with the strike at the Union Mills Is
a criminal act which should be ener
getically investigated and the criminal
detected. Whoever Introduced that
agency of anarchy is an enemy to civiliza
tion and a destroyer of honest industry.
The dispute as to which side used the
dynamite may becloud the detection of
the criminal; but it docs not conceal the
fact that criminal means are employed.
The mill owners charge it to the strikers.
The strikers assert that it was done by some
of the mill men to cast odium on the labor
agitation. The public can form its own
estimate of the respective probability of
these assertions. It remains the fact that
someone has resorted to the methods of
anarchy, murder and arson, and in the in
terest of society and civilization should be
hunted down and summarily punished,
There is no room in this country for the
methods of anarchy and dynamite. Th ose
who resort to them introduce such a threat
to the protection of life and such a de
struction of all enterprise and industry
that they cannot go far before the entire
population will organize to wipe them out
ACROBATIC CORPORATE THEORIES.
The decision of the United States Cir
cuit Court in Texas on the regulation of
rates by the Texas 'Railroad Commission
illustrates the latest shift in theories on
the railroad question. The court decides
that the rates established by the Commis
sion being unreasonably low the courts
have authority to interfere by injunction
against their enforcement This transfers
the decision as to what are reasonable
rates from the legislative to the judicial
branch, and places the ultimate regulation
of railway charges in the United States
bench. To state the process in detail, the
State Legislature is still supposed to regu
late railway charges within the State, but
the United States Courts regulate the
legislative exercise of that function.
This is a complete overturning of all
the old theories. First, the united
authority of all the older decisions from
Chancellor Walworth down to the Granger
cases was that the Legislature had the
power to regulate tolls or rates. In the
later, case of Wabash Railway vs Illinois,
the Supreme Court held that Congress
must regulate inter-State railway traffic
and the State legislatures respectively the
traffic within their various States. But,
the essential feature of regulation being
the decision as to what are reasonable
rates, it is plain that the latest theory
provides that neither legislatures nor
State governments at all can keep the
ultimate power of regulation if the United
States Courts say them nay.
'Another point 1 very Interesting, At
m
the passage of the inter-State commerce
law all the railroad influenco was thrown
on the side of regulation by commissions.
That was the accepted corporate viewj
but now the Commission idea has evtdenty
become stale with the corporate theorists.
It has, it is true," cropped out within the
last year or two in propositions that the
railroads shall be permitted to pool under
the regulation of a Commission as to the
pool rates. But a Commission which has
to be regulated by injunction from the
United States Courts would be a body
which would command the slightest possi
ble amount of respect both from the pub
lic and the railways.
The whole thing is a remarkable ex
ample of theories formed to suit the ex
igencies of special interest The fact is
tbat Commissions shouWnot be entrusted
with fixing the charges for railway trans
portation any more than the charges for
wheat, pig iron or boots and shoes. When
competition is given the same scope in the
railway business that it is in the manu
facture of shoos or the growth of wheat,
railway charges will fix themselves In
obedience to an unerring law.
a shift of posrnoir.
The New York World shifts its ground
with reeard to its assertion that such arti
cles as beef, wheat, flour, bread, butter
and a number of other agricultural prod
ucts advanced in consequence of the Mc
Kinley act It says :
We do not know how the tariff can affect
the price of food. Bat Senator Alarich In
sisted that the price of food had gone down
In consequence of the McKlnley tariff, and
It therefore became the duty of the World to
show that Senator Aldrioh made a mistake
and that just before and after the enact
ment of that law food prices went up. The
Wm-ld did not claim that prices went np in
consequence of the law.
Here are two issues of fact One is
what the World said; the other what Sena
tor Aldrich said. Let our free trade co
temporary's language speak for itself.
"In this list of the necessaries of life there
is not an article that did not advance in
price during the agitation and after the
passage of the McKlnley act" If this
language was not intended to convey the
idea that the staples referred to had ad
vanced as a result of the McKlnley act
what did they mean?
As to what Senator Aidrich said, It is
hardly worth while to hunt up his lan
guage; hut we do not believe he is fool
enough to claim that the McKinley act
decreased the price of agricultural staples
when quoting from a report that showed
an advance in tbose articles. If h'13
speech is examined with any real effort to
find his meaning, it will be found to be
that the Democratic fiction as to the cost
of living having been increased by the
McKinley act was untrue. In doing so
Senator Aldrich quoted statistics which
show tbat agricultural staples have ad
vanced, but that other necessaries of life
have declined, so tbat the average is
slightly lower.
Finally the World says that the effect of
a tariff on unprotected farm products is
an "idiocy," and it is "glad to see The
Dispatch groping its way toward
sanity." There is no need for The Dis
patch to grope its way toward sanity.
The effect of the general policy of pro
tection In building up a home market for
agricultural products is one thing. The
claim that a' tariff act directly and im
mediately produces a rise in the prices of
unprotected articles is an entirely differ
ent thing. If any advocate of protection
had made the latter claim, he would be in
need of sanity; but so far that unique
effort has been monopolized by the tariff
smasher of the World.
BUrX. FIGHTS AT CHICAGO.
A Chicago newspaper asserts that two
Spanish gentlemen are busily engaged in
that city in an effort to arrange a series of
bull fights during the progress of the
World's Fair. It appears that so far they
have met with encouragement from the
Mayor and several other officials. They
urge that their exhibitions will be not only
highly entertaining hut vastly instructive
as well, by reason of the care taken to re
produce the so-called sport in all the de
tails of its ancient splendor.
There should be no question about this
matter at all The proposal ought to be
summarily quashed. Because the show
was permitted in a more or less diluted
form at Paris, it does not follow that it
should he allowed in America. Even
though Chicago officials should consent
to abstain from any interference, there
are societies for the prevention of
cruelty to animals in this country
which will insist upon suppressing the
brutalism. There is no show, unless per
chance it be a prize fight, so degrading to
the onlookers, and the element of cruelty
to dumb animals at least is absent from
the encounters popular at New Orleans
and a few other places. This nation
ought to set a good example to the world
in all things, and bull fights at Chicago
would be a curious feature in the celebra
tion of a discovery that laid the founda
tion for American civilization four hun
dred years ago. There would be disgrace
for Chicago and discredit for the country
if the proposal were allowed to reach
maturity.
THE AGE OF THE WOBXD.
The physicists and mathematicians on
one side and the geologists on the other
are engaged In a dispute as to the age of the
world. The geologists at one time claimed
a thousand million years as the time re
quired for the formation of the geological
strata which constitute the earth's crust
Sir Archibald 'Geike, In a recent address
abated somewhat from this claim; but
held that the swiftest rate of denudation
must allow 73,000,000 years -for bringing
the world to Its present geological condi
tion, and the slowest rate would require
680,000,000 years. Lord Kelini on the
other hand argues from the internal heat
of the earth and the rate of loss of heat
that the earth's surface solidified not more
than 20,000,000 years ago.
Who shall decide when doctors disagree?
The fact that there is a difference of
53,000,000 years between Sir Archibald
Grike's ultimatum and LordKellm's high
est figures may move the trivial to con
clude that it is not worth while to dispute
over a bagatelle like that. Indeed, the
world will permit the scientific Investi
gators to dispute about its age without
yielding up the secret Whether its years
are to be counted by tens of 'millions or
hundreds of millions is really a matter of
speculation, ana while it may be a matter
of great scientific interest, it Is not likely
to be solved by any one living on the
mundane sphere In a manner to be either
conclusive or'of practical use.
The trouble with scientific conclusions
on such a topic is that they cannot take
into consideration all the factors. The
geologists argue from the wearing away
of rocks. They can calculate the resist
ing power of gneiss and granite; but they
cannot tell what forces may have been
brought against them in the past ages.
Until they know exactly the force of con
vulsions which may have pulverized
granite mountains to powder the factors
of the problem are not all given. So with
he calculation from the rate of cooling of
the earth's crust Given the original mol
ten mass we must still learn the variations
of external heat that may have hastenod
or delayed the progress. For these rea
sons observations which note the changes
of a century or two form very unreliable
grounds for calculations as to the changes
for millions of them.
Such questions as these have a great
charm. But when we find scientific au
thority at deadlock over them, we can
console ourselves with the reflection that
theyhave not the practical importance to
humanity possessed by the one which
Pericles illustrated a short twenty-four
centuries since how to make a small city
great
Laboucheee's statement with reeard to
the new English Cabinet seems to Imply that
he is magnanimous enough to consider It
more to be pitied than blamed for his ex
clusion. And that, be thinks, is a good deal
more to be pitied than he is. Next to his
contempt for aristocratic; pensioners and so
forth, Laboucbere Is most remarkable for
his sreat opinion of his own mental ability
and general superiority.
Ardor In behalf of principle being out
of the question, it Is hardly surprising thafc
the Democrats should fall out on personal
questions.
It is said that officials of the crematory
at Toronto, Canada, make a profit out of In
fected rags sent there to be destroyed, by
selling them to Junk dealers. If Toronto
wish for an epidemic It shonld permit that
sort of thing to go on unquestioned.
Cholera is one of the many things
whereof the prevention Is easier and in
every way more satisfactory than the cure.
Strikers' wives of Baltimore are anx
ious to provide rapid transit ont of town for
a walking delegate whom they blame for all
their trouble. The walking delegate is sel
dom a worklngman, and is geneially the
artisan's worst Waemy.
Democratic harmony in New York is
an acquired taste. To the ordinary musical
ear it sounds liko the bitterest of discords.
WHriELAW Keid's address at the
Soldiers' and Sallors'Orphan Homo at Xenia,
Ohio, Indicates that he knows well enough
how to stir up patriotism In youthful hearts
to be intrusted with the leadership of a
nation.
Anyone who can elude the lynx-eyed
watchfulness of workhouse officials almost
deserves the notoriety he achieves.
Americans visiting Europe to escape
the hot season at home are meotlnz with a
good deal of disappointment in that par
ticular, besides running some risk fiom the
spreading cholera ODlderalc.
A miner in Silesia is said to have been
unconscious for four months. They get de
lirious in Idaho and Tennessoe.
Soap and disinfectant dealers ought to
do an excellent business at a time when the
use of their commodities Is acknowledged
to be the best preventive of epldemio
diseases.
Ofttimes the seashore visitor's sup
ply gives out before the swallows home
ward fly.
Havers expressed a wish to go to the
Penitentiary, and In all probability he will
have a good deal more of that Institution
than he wanted before he gets through.
A strike against the street sweeping
trains for ladies would be a laudable move
ment. Tun status of the opposing forces in the
political campaign at present seems to be
Protection and solidity of party as opposed
by Free Trade and internecine strife.
Contract laborers on their way to
Washington hop fields will be caught on the
hop.
We can afford to be very proud of the
Allegheny County Teachers' Institute now
that it has received the unstinted commen
dation of a Boston educator.
Let us be thankful tbat Pittsburg did
not lose both ball games yesterday.
"When in Kome do as the Bomans" will
have to be varied now that six nurses are to
go from the Allegheny General Hospital to
work in the Eternal City.
On can explosions threaten to become as
common as railroad fatalities.
None but the brave deserve the fair.
And only the enterprising will make the
most of the opportunities offered at the
World's Fair.
A superfluity of molasses p raising
cane in Louisiana.
WITH FAME AND FORTUNE.
Archbishop Feehan, of Chicago, is
credited with being the richest prelate in the
United States.
Secretary op the Interior Noble
arrived yesterday atTacoma, and last night
was given an informal welcome.
Advices received at the White House
yesterday from Loon Lake state tbat Mrs.
Harrison is steadily lmptoving. Herrecovery
is gradual, but each day shows some gratify
ing change.
Lady Henry Somerset will visit India
ere long, as a delegate of the World's Wo
men's Christian Temperance Union and will
pieach total abstinence to natives and for
eign residents in that part of the world.
"The Khedive of Egypt has shown many
favors to the editors of J! -Ah) am, an Egyp
tian Journal. After honoring the pro
prietor in various ways, ho has now con
ferred the Chefakat order upon the man's
wife.
Ben Butler seems to have been the
original Mug wump. "For 15 years after the
war," said he recently, "I was actively in
politics, and during that time I didn't agree
with either of the partles,nor do I agree with
them now."
Sib John Whittaker Ellis, Knt.and
who was Lord Mayor of London ten years
ago.ls about to visit the United States.andas
lie has given a solemn assurance- that he will
not write up the country he may count upon
a hearty welcome.'
Father Ignatius ha? introduced a new
ceremony at Llanthony Abbey. He caused a
Bible to be borne to the center of the church,
where every worshiper was given a chance
to kiss the book. Incense and wax tapers
naturally were features of the service.
The Bureau of the American Bepublios
is informed tbat Senor Don Antonio M.
Flores. recently President of Ecuador, has
been appointed and confirmed by Congiess
as the Minister Plenipotentiary of the
country to the United States, and will also
be appointed honorary Commissioner-In-Chief
to the World's Columbian Exposi
tion.
In the Swim, Though. '
Baltimore American.
Chicago' papers are talking a great deal
abont "the Chicago spirit." Jnst what it is
they fail to specify, but on general principles
it can be said that Chicago never takes
water.
r ,
Not in It for Fan.
New York Fress.3
Senator Hill still deollnes to take his pen
In band to write a history of the "force
bill." Mr. Hill isn't playing in political
farce comedy this season.
Mo Rosea Without Thorns.
Toledo Blade.
Forty years ago prices were higher and
wages lower than to-day. As prosperity has
increased, the number of kickers has in
creased also.
A LOOK AROUND.
Nearly all the "acreage" in the out
lying wards bas beoome, or will shortly be
come, "foot frontage." The big blocks of
unimproved land outside of the three or
four large estates like that of the Scbenleys
and Dennys, have either been covered with
options purchased outright or are being
plotted for the market by the owners. And
this is true, despite what was said to me
yesterday by a real estate dealer In regard
to an absence of Inflation and pernicious
"booming" on wind. (
Until you run up against people who are
in search of ho.us.es which are fairly desira
ble, yon can form no estimate of the scarcity
of Just such properties. While It is true that
September Is not a month in which to find
untenanted honses advantageously, still
they could be had if they were not all taken.
I have a friend who Is looking for a house
which will cost him from $80 to $80 a month,
which is comparatively new, has the usual
comforts and conveniences, and whioh is lo
cated In a good neighborhood. He has been
looking for such a house for more than a
month, and has gone through the lists with
out success so far.
It Is admitted that there are plenty of
small, cheap honses, usually in blocks or
closely built pairs. There bas beon a de
cided tendency toward the building of such
houses and the new sections as well as
suburbs are full of them'. They are renting
rapidly and there Is every evidence that
they are not overbnilt for the demand keeps
up. It Is the better clasi of bouses, those
which would rent from $700 to $1,400 a year,
which are hard to And and which are eager
ly ran after. It is understood that when the
Schenley Fourteenth ward property comes
into the market scores of Just such resi
dences are to be put ud.
'I don't know why it should be so,"
said a Jeweler yesterday, "but it is a fact
that I have sold move watches of good
quality this spring and early in the summer
than I have for years. I don't mean that I
have sold many expensive watches for I
have not. Indeed, it seems to be an unwrit
ten law tbat the best watches should rarely
be bought even by the wealthy men of this
city."
The old residence on the hill above
Highland avenue, next to the Tim place,
whioh has been remodeled for the Highland
Park, is about ready for use. It will have broad
porches and Is surrounded bya wide circu
lar driveway. The lower floor will be used
as a restaurant and the upper rooms will be
occnpled Dy the park officials as offices.
There is a strong similarity in some points
between Editor Chailes A. Dana of the Sun,
whioh shines for all in New York, and Mr.
Henry LaDouchere, who tells unpleasant
things in London Truth. They are
never so happy, this caustic pair,
as when in a deep controversy
wherein sharp knives are used freely and
twisted in the wounds. Each is now partic
ularly happy no doubt. Dana has Just con
victed his old enemy, Pulitzer, of the World,
of the most flagrant faking known to mod
ern Journalism, and Lobby has tonohed up
his ancient friend and ally and present tar
get for satire, the new Premier. Dana's
thrust at the World is as deadly as that he
made into the Alger boom early last spring.
When the sun of the sage of New York Jour
nalism shines, the air is apt to get above
summer heat and something melts. He
writes caution with vitriol and his blasts
can either draw forth the tones of an .olian
harp or blow over a row of buildings, as the
case may require. May his shadow remain
intact I ( Walter.
EEBKLS WIH BT LAUD AND SEA.
Crespo Ends the Siege of Victoria and His
Fleet Takes the Port of La Gnayra.
Puerto, West Indies, Aug. 24 A courier
has arrived from Victoria to General Mora,
who is at Pollto, with advices of the termi
nation of Crespo's siege of the former city
and the crashing defeat of Mendoza. Crespo
Is moving his forces, so says the conrler, in
the direction of Los Tequcs. Mora tells the
merchants of this city that he Is'ready to
raise the siege of Valencia and re-establish
railway traffic the , day the Castillo. here is
delivered into his hands 'snnd the munici
pality officially recognizes Crespo as pro
visional military chier or the republic
A Trinidad, W. L, correspondent says: A
new and grave danger confronts the Gov
ernment of Dr. Vlllegas In addition to the
assaults of Crespo's army. This time the
danger comes from the West. A story comes
to this place, through unusually reliable
channels, tbat General Urdanetas' fleet has
sailed into La Guayra and taken possession
of the port wlthont serious opposition. Ho
lms.lt is said, sent a peiemptory demand
for Viilegas' resignation. It Is further
stated that General Urdaneta violated the
new laws by boarding the Rod "D" Line
steamer Caracas at Puerto Cabello on Au
gust 18,nnd arresting the Congressmen of the
other party who were trying to escape. It is
thought that a number of Congressmen to
leave the country took this steamer at La
Guayra for Curacoa, hoping to escape de
tection, but were discovered when the
steamer was at Puerto Cabello. The people
of Caracasare expecting Crespo to attack the
city almost any day now.
THE EBA OF TRANSPORTATION.
Complete International Exhibit to Be Been
at tho World's Fair.
Chicago, Aug. St. The Department of
Transportation at the World's Fair will be
one or the most interesting of all the exhib
its. Everything that has been done in the
construction, maintenance, equipment and
operation of the railroads of the world will
be exemplified. The exhibit will cover 26
acres of ground. Not only the United
States but England, France, Germany,
Switzerland, and Russia are contributing
handsomely.
England will send some of the flrst steam
engines built by George Stephenson, while
Switzerland will show bow tho Alps have
been tunnelled and how passengers ate con
veyed through their fastnesses. The Penn
sylvania system with Its four traoks will be
on the grounds In miniature. Including the
station and ticket agent; The Vanaerbilt
system will occupj- three tracksSOOleot long.
The old station at Schenectady, wheio the
trains were drawn overhead by a gangway,
will be reproduced. There will be u model
station and the flr3t passenger train over
run In the Union will bo on tne trades. The
train was lun over the Mohawk and Hudson.
The Baltimore and Ohio has appropriated
$55,000 for exhibition purposes, and will give
a plotuieof transportation, past and present.
There will be a working model oi til o town
of Pullman, and all of the locomotive works
In the country will send their biirgest ma
chines. Many of the famous engines of tho
past will also be on exhibition.
THE G0VZEKMENT FOOTS THE BILLS.
Canada to Reimburse Canadian Shippers
Who "Loio by Retaliation. f
Ottawa, Out., Aug. 24. It bas now been
decided that the Government will reimburse
the Canadian shippers for this season for
any loss they may sustain through tbe im
position of tolls on fieight going to a-Canadian
port through the St. Mary's CanaL A
meeting of the Cabinet was hold yesterday
to discuss the outlook and the probable,
effedt of Pr esident Harrison's proclamation
on Canadian lake shipping. A member of
the Cabinet stated last night that no at
tempt at retaliation will bo made in tbe
direction of imposing discriminatory tolls
on American vessels passing through tho
Welland Canal, as has been suggested by
some of the Government press. It was fur
ther decided yesterday to carry to the
notice of the British Government the ab
surdity of continuing the Waithington treaty
in force, in view of the faot that It has been
denuded oi every clause by which any
special privileges were conceded to Canadian
citizens, and urge the abrogation of the
treaty at the earliest possible moment.
FOLDED HANDS.
In ber cradle baby lies,
.Sleep has closed her sunny eyes;
Folded lilies on her breast.
Little hands are gently pressed
Folded hands.
At the altar, as a bride,
With her lover side by aide.
Hoping happiness they .stand,
Heart to heart and haud m hand
Folded hands.
On her bed of peaceful rest.
Tired bands folded on her breast,
No more knowing false or true.
No more work for them. to do
Folded hands. ' ,
front LulWi,
BATTLE OP LIFE AND DB1TH.
The
Garrison of the Human Body A
Ceaseless Straggle Going On.
New York Sun.'
Among the topics discussed by Prince
Erapotkln in an article on recent science
contributed to the Nineteenth Century, there
Is one of extraordinary interest, namely, the
incessant conflict going on between the
micro-organisms that invade and those
which defend tne living body. Of all the
discoveries m? de of late years by biologists
none is more striking than the demonstra
tion tbat almost all infectious diseases may
be traced to foreign bacilli, whose intrusion
is resisted by a militia of resident micro
organisms known under the general name
of leucocytes, the function of which is to
attack, swallow, digest, neutralize, or expel
the alien and noxious microbes. Tbe out
come of this ceaseless struggle within the
body is on tbe one hand health and life, and
on the other disease and dissolution.
So far, we know more about our assailants
than our defenders. Bacteriolorv. the
branch of sclenoe which deals with the germ
theory of disease, may be said to have been
founded about the end of the fifties by Pas
teur's researches into the fermentation of
beer and I wine, and VIrchow's in
vestigations into cellular pathology.
Since . then, although some alleged
discoveries have been confuted, many
have been verified, and we absolutely know
a great number of micro-organisms which
are capable under certain circumstances of
producing certain specific maladies. For
example, cholera, typhoid fever and gastric
affections generally, malaria and in
fluenza; tuberculosis, leprosy, and cancer;
diphtheria, mepsels, and scarlet fever;
rheumatism, smallpox, rabies and tetanus
have been traced to separate microscopical
beings. The photograph of each, separata
bacillus may be found in tho text books; its
modes of life and very often its methods of
reprodnctlon have been carefully studied
both. In the animal body and In artificial cul
tures; subjectedalso to minute scrutiny have
been the morbid effects which it produces
when introduced Into the bodies of various
animals. In a word, the germ origin of in
fectious diseases can no longer be described
as a theory; it is a fact.
Relatively backward is our knowledge of
the means of combating Infectious micro
organisms. But what is it tbat permits a
healthy body to resist Invasion by 'morbid
microbes? We know the Invaders; but what
is it that renders them highly noxious in
some cases, and quite inoffensive in some
others! The broadest and most Ingenious
explanation of immunity thns far
put forth is the theory elaborated
in 18S3 by Kile Mencblkoff, which
represents an extension of the ""leading
principles of the strugglo for life to the
microscopic constituents of the animal
body. Theie exist In the body of man and
of all vertebrates, besides tbe cells whioh
constitute tbe animal tissues, a number of
iree ceils, tne wnite corpuscles or Diooa ana
lymph, and the so-called wandeilng oells of
tne tissues. our ainerenc varieties oi mesa
free cells, collectively known as leucocytes,
have been described, the distinctions be
tween them being chiefly based upon tbe
shape and the numbers of their nuclei. It
appears that tbe leucocytes of both the
higher and the lower animals have all the
distinctive features of simple amcebao. They
protrude pseudopodla or feelers, and they
move about, and like amoeba: they are en
dowed to a high degree with the capacity
of Ingesting all kinds of small grannies
whioh they find in their way, including
various smaller micro-organisms. It some
cases the Daoilll thus Ingested are digested,
that is, transformed into a soluble matter,
which is assimilated by the protoplasm of
the leucocytes. In other cases the bacteria
aio for some time kept alive within the
lencooytes, and if tho latter are placed in
conditions unfavorable for themselves but
favorable for the Invading microbes, the
invaders develop and are set free. In still
other cases the leucocytes contribute to the
defense of tho body by driving tbe hostile
bacteria out of tbe organism through the
skin. Transpiration Is a familiar instanoe
of the last named procoss. Investigation
has also demonstrated that the efficiency of
the leucocytes varies greatly In different
membors ot the same species of animal, their
vigor Demg proportionate to tne general'
health of the body. If tbe leucocytes are
vigorous, they prevent the germination of
the spores which they had Ingested; but
they maintain this power at a maximum
only so long as they are healthy. If an
animal nas been submitted to cold, or has
been narcotized, it loses Its Immunity from
infectious maladies.
Such aie the lacts, andit seems reasonable
to explain them, as does Menchlkoff, on the
theory that the leucocytes are tho defensive
agencies against infectious disease with
whioh animal bodies have been endowed by
nature. The necessities of the struggle for
existence have evolved in living organisms
the capacity or seir-protection Dy dispatch
ing armies of leucocytes to the spots at
tacked by noxious microbes. Tbe struggle,
as we have said, may end either in tbe ront
of the leucocytes, in which case disease en
sues, or in tho repulse of the microbes,
whioh Is followed by recovery. Or, again,
the outcome may be a diawn battle, which
represents the state of things is various
chronic diseases.
DEATHS HERE AND ELSEWHERE.
John Mitchell, Petersburg, Pa.
John Mitchell, a Somerset county patri
arch, died recently near Petersburg within two
days of being 92 years of age. He was the last of
the third generaUon of the rather extensive fam
ily of Mitchells in that county. His grandfather
came to the county shortly after the Revolution
with his family from Eastern Pennsylvania. Mr.
Mitchell was born within a mile or so of his place
of residence anddeath. He Uved all his life In Ad
dison townbip, except several years spent In
Louisiana when he was a yonng man. He very
rarely in all his long life spent a night away from
home, only when unavoidably detained on busi
ness. He for years bought and sold horses by the
thousands, and his name as a horse dealer was
known all over Western Pennsylvania, Maryland
and West Virginia. During the last years of Mr.
Mitchell's life his vigorous intellect failed. His
physical health was good, but his mind was almost
a blank, with only nastaes and glimmerings of in
telligence, and while his death was expected, at
last It came suddenly.
C. W. G. Swartzwelder, SIcKeesporr.
C W. G. Swartzwelder, of McKeesport,
Is dead at Cape May, where he went 16 days ago In
the hope of benefiting his health. Charles Swartz
welder was in his 34th year of his age. and for 12
years past has been engaged in reportorlal work on
tbe McKeesport Daily Timet, and during that
period served as special correspondent lor the
Pittsburg morning papers. He was born In
rhimhftrtand- Md.. and lived there until he came to
McKeesport. His remains will be brought home
to-day, and a quiet funeral service will he held,
Oa Friday morning the body will be taken to the
Dlace or his birth and laid to rest beside bis father
In the family lot in Bote Hid cemetery.
Mrs. Richard Thompson.
Mrs. Eichard Thompson, wife of the pop
ular bond clerk in tbe City Treasurer's office, died
suddenly yesterday morning at tbe family resi
dence on Meadow street. A large circle of friends
will mourn her demise. Mrs. Thompson was 35
years of age and leaves an interesting family of
lour children. She was an earnest Christian la Jy
and her generous, kind nature was almost a by
word In the community in which she was a popu
lar figure, me oereaveu dusqsdu nas me srin-
' or every oinctai ana employe in aij xtau
osts of other friends.
Colonel E. Smeed, Civil Engineer.
Colonel E. Smeed, of Omaha, 'Chief En
gineer of tbe Union Pacific Railway Company,
died in Philadelphia early yesterday moraine.
Falling in health some weeks ago, he decided to
seek rest at Cresson Springs. His affianced,
Mrs. Jeannette R. .Nicholas, of Omaha, accom
panied him, as she had relatives at Philadelphia
whom they were tojoln. A month's stay at Cresson
did not benefit him. and they went on to Philadel
phia to seek medical advice, hat his disease, con
traction or the kidneys, had progressed beyond
medical skill.
William. Topper.
William Topper, aged 52, died at his
home. No. 944 Penu avenue, on Tuesday. He
served a full three years In the late war, except a
few weeks he was In the hospital, having bcea
shot through the left lung at the battle or Chsncel
lorsvllle. He served under the late Colonel Kirk
wood, ills demise Is mourned br a large number
or friends. He was a member or Lysle Post 123,
G. A. It. Interment Thursday In the Allegheny
Cemetery.
Zitcuarlah Buirls, Centenarian.
Zachariah Burris, a well-known fanner
living about eight miles from Cambridge, O.. died
Tuesday night at the adranced are of 105. He was
a soldier In the War or 1812, and loved to teU about
tbe days or long ago.
Obituary Notes.
How. HARVxr Arnold, Past President of the
New York Farmers1 Alliance, died at his borne In
Arcade, N. Y.. yesterday, aged 66.
Zos Da Fobhest, who was oace noted as a serio
comic, died or peritonitis at ber husband's hotel,
the Black Elephant, Coney Island, Saturday, She
was 43 years old, a native of Montreal, and In her
youth was a handsome woman and a good singer.
Eli JAnLow, or Bangor, Is deadattheage of SO
years. He was a famous fireman, and was Chief of
the Bangor fire department for IS years. During
the war he was Provost Marshal of the Fourth
Congress district, and he served several terms in
the Uangor City government.
Captain JOHN M. Wssr died at his home in
Petersburg, Va., Tuesday, aged 67 years. He .was
a native or Concord. N. 11., but bad resided In Vir
ginia since 1846. lie went to Petersburg from
Klchmona in 1854 ai agent of tbe Adams Express
Company, which office he held up to 1831, when he
went to Richmond, and was elected Captain of the
Blchmond Howitzers, In which he served during
most of the late war.
THE FESTIVE FESTIVAL
Bobs Up Serenely, and Promises to Bo a
Much Alive as Ever This Winter Mr.
Cadman Lends His Lawn A Card
Puzzle.
Mr. A. W. Cadman, ot Edgewood .Park,
has kindly given the use of his beautiful
gronnds for an orange fete, to come off this
day week. It will be for the benefit of the
Presbyterian Church of that place, and be
ginning at i r. m. the fete will continue until
10 in the evening.
This event marks the beginning of the en
ergetic charitable season among chnrch peo
ple, and as particularly In Wilklnsbnrg
and Us neighborhood there have been
many successful events, the pleasure
of tbe coming orange lete Is assured. The
management Is a committee, whose two
chairmen are Mrs. M. Bigger and Mrs. W. N.
Taylor.
Committee on Ice Cream Tables Mrs. E.
J. Lloyd, Mrs. Thorp, Mrs. Hodill, Mrs.
Becker, Mrs. Tomb, Mrs. H. J. Bigger. Mrs.
Anderson, Mrs. McCance and Mrs. lie Whin
ner; aids, the Misses McKelvy, Stevenson.
Estep, Becker, Burt, Hill, Kerr. Crump,
Moore, Davis, Westingboase, Trump, Har
low, Cadman and King.
Lunch Table Mrs. M. Bigger, Mrs. Estep,
Mrs. Orr, Mrs. Dake and Mrs. Miller.
Fruit and Flowers Tho Misses McKee and
Anderson.
Candy Booth Mrs. McElroy and Miss
Marretta Alexander.
Russian Tea Booth Mrs. Moors and Mrs.
Alexander Gordon, Jr.
Lemonade Booth The Misses Crump.Flin
nlken and Wight.
Sophist puts the following., case: If a
lady and gentleman call and find the family
at home, is it necessary to leave cards? The
etiquette of cards is as momentous as salva
tion and as perplexing as tbe various ways
of salvation. When making a flrst call, un
doubtedly cards should be sent up to take
the place of an introduction, and thus let
the entertainer know who she is entertain
ing. As to whether or not they should be
ever presented afterward, thore is a
diversity of opinion. Some people send
a card with the servant every time
they call, while others content them
selves with giving the servant their
name. But this lash has its drawbacks, as
some servants are notoriously stupid in re
peating names, and the hostess has to make
her appearance in total Ignorance of the
identity of her visitors. It probably is best,
except where yon are very well known, to
announce your presence by your card. The
woman, however, who dropped hor card on
tbe table as she was solng away from the
house after seeing her hostess put it to no
usefnl purpose, and the action was certainly
fonnded on no good common sense rule. In
variably cards should be left when the an
nouncement comes to the visitor of "Not at
home."
Miss Corinne McFariand, of Washington,
D. C., Is visiting the family of Timothy
O'Leary, Esq , of Fifth avenue, being partic
ularly the guest of bis daughter, Miss Annie
O'Leary. At the Randall Club fete last
vear, while here as a guest with the
O'Learys, it will be remembered that Miss
Mcrarland led tbe grand march with Gov
ernor Campbell, of Ohio, and was then re
marked on for her graceful bearing.
The Eev. Mr. Chalfant, of Lincoln ave
nue, East End, bas two interesting visitors,
a couple of young American ladies, daugh
ters of an American missionary, who were
born in Slam during the residence of their
narents In that country. After Mrs. Wil
son's death, her daughters -n ere sent home
to be educated, and one bqcarae an in
structor In a Southern college, while the
younger is still a student. Both will return
to Siam in the winter to Join their father,
who is still prosecuting missionary labors
in that country.
One of the most persistent of pedestrians
is the Rev. Alfred Arundel, rector of Trinity
Church, who sees a walk where others
would see nothing short of a drive. During
Mr. Arundel's visit to Cresson, where he
preached last Sunday, he made various ex
cursions through tho woods and in his en
thusiasm even reached on foot tbe historic
Prince Galltzin's Church.
Social Chatter.
Mas. Sadler, of Grandvlew avenue, Mt.
Washington, Is in tbe West with her little
son and daughter, making a visit to Mrs.
Sadler's parents in Dodge county, Minn.
President K. F. Taylor, of Beaver Col
lege, who has been traveling In Europe for
the last six weeks, is expected home in a
few days, having sailed early this week.
Mas. Georoe Wilsox and ber little son,
Master Alfred Oldshue, came home yester
day from Lakewood, where they bad sp
inurned for the snmmer. For the present
Jr. and Mrs. Wilson will have tholr head
quarters at the Kenmawr Hotel.
OTIE CITIZEN S0LDIEBS.
They Are the Best in the World and Are
Ever Bendy to Respond.
Chicago Inter Ocean.' .
Ex-President Hayes, in an address at Chau
tauqua last week, referred to onr army and
said:
We have to-day the largest, cheapest, safest and
most efficient and formidable army the world has
ever seen. It consists of more than 10.0CO.COO of
educated men. who are not merely seir-sus-talnlng
but who. engaged In the peacerul
Industries or civil lire, are constantly adding to
our wealth and power. To keep this army up to Its
maximum of numbers and strength we have more
than a quarter or a million school houses under the
old flag, everv one or which Is at once a fortress
and a recruiting station for tbe army of the
Republic,
The truth of this statement has been well
illustrated In the work of tbe National
Guard in Now York. Pennsylvania and Ten
nessee in the last few weeks. Tho moment
the sheriffs found themselves powerless to
enforce law there was a disciplined army
ready and waiting orders to move to his
defense. This army was composed of sol
diers who stepped at once irom the connC
ingroom, the store, the shop, and tbe farm
to defend tbe laws qf their States. There
were rich men ana poor men and
worldly goods in no way meas
ured tho rank of the soldiers.
Tne son of Jay Gould responded to
the call of his regiment as promptly as did
the young man dependent on his labor for
his living. Ex-President Hayes might well
say we had the greatest army the world bad
ever seen, and that it was made up of sol
diers educated, "not alone in the use of arms,
but in all the arts and sciences, the trades
and the professions.
Not True to His Name.
Boston Herald.
The name of the new president of the
Chicago World's Fair is Higinbotbam, but
he appears to have arrived at the top, not
withstanding. BUD LINDSAY'S CASE.
Tbe position of rioter is not compatible
with that of Deputy United States Marshal
and Mr. Bud Lindsay of Tennessee has
chosen to he a rioter. St Louis Post-Dispatch.
Tub story that "Bud" Lindsay was lynohed
was not true. He was only strung up for a
time and was released upon agreeing to
turn State's evidenoe. Tennessee would be
much better off if she had lewer such des
peradoes as "Butt" Lindsay, even though he
Is a Deputy United States Marshal iVkffo
dtlphia Call.
Better call the courts into session, try
Bud Lindsay first of all and hang him at
once. Then take the lesser criminals and
deal with them. Snch a desperado as Lind
say ought not to have any standing in court
outside of the criminals' pew. His testimony
is not worth shucks. No self-respecting
Juror would convict an accused on his evi
dence. Philadelphia North American.
It is qui(e in accordance with Lindsay's
bully nature that he should be willing to
save his own precious neck by betraying his
former dupes, but the excuses for his own
continued existence have become ex
hausted. As a warning to the rioters and as
an act of Justice It would be moro to the
point if some of the leaders were punished
and tbe misguided men allowed to go free.
Philadelphia Jhquirer.
The miners in Tennessee who have no
sympathy with lawlessness and murder
have found a way to express their views
that is effectual. They seized the leader of
tbe late riot. Bad Lindsay, and threatened
to lynch him if he did not aid in bringing to
Justice the instigators or mob violence.
These miners perceive that their wotst
enemy is the desperate and lawless agitator.
Rochester Democrat.
Bod Hsdsat, the leader of the Tennessee
insuirection, who was reported as lynched
by the militia, into whose hands he fell as a
prisoner, is still alive. His lile was spared
by his captors. Tennessee has been sufft
otently disgraced, and it is Indeed well that
her oltlzen soldiers, sworn to uphold and
maintain the law, did not themselves prove
lawless. That would have been a finishing
stroke indeed. .New York Advertiser.
CURIOUS CONDENSATIONS.
The States contain 46,000 oil wells.
Maine has wild land worth 120,000,000
at a low estimate.
A protective club of mother-in-laws has
been organized in London.
The first telegraphic signals passed be-
tweon America and Europe In 1853.
The dinner fork was first introduced
into Italy In 1431, and In England in 1808.
Emanuel Swedenborg's "Arcana Cales
tia" was printed when the author was 61.
There are 360 mountains in the "United
States, each exceeding 10,000 feet in height.
A box turtle has been caught in
Rhode Island that Is supposed to he 150 years
old.
Gloucester, Mass., will celebate its
two hundred and flltieth. anniversary on
August 2.
For every four shillings spent in Eng
land on drink,only a half-penny is expended
on education.
Of the population in the United States
in 1SJ0, 32067,830 were males and 30,554,373
were females.
The" law of conscription makes every
able-bodied Italian liable to military service
from tbe age or 20 to 39.
M. Garvin, Camden, claims to have the
tallest sunflower stalk in New Jersey. It U
more than 11 feet in height.
West Chester, Pa., has a curiosity in
the shape of a woman who possesses a col
lection of the t.eeth of her relatives.
The railway companies of the United
Kingdom pay 3500 a day as compensa
tion for injuries done to passengers.
Artesian wells were known at Thebes as
long ago as the time of TImerlon, 2,000 years
before the beginning of the Christian era.
Four of the five men that constitute
the Democratic Committee at HIckor7
Mountain township K. C, weigh 1,013
pounds.
A Philadelphia toy dealer made the
shocking discovery that nearly 100 of his
best wax dolls had melted during the recent
hot waves.
According to the United States statis
tics farm land In New Jersey is rated at an
average or S65 per acre, the highest of any
Stato in the Union.
The pension agency in Topeka is tha
largest In the country. It pays out annu
ally $15,000,000 to the veterans of Kansas.
Missouri and Colorado.
Seven of the 15 Eevolutionary widows
in the United States live in ono Tennessee
pension district, and four of them bear tha
good old name of Nancy.
In the Boulevard St. Germain, inParis,
you can drop a small sou into a slot in a cir
cular column publicly situated, press a but
ton and catch eight quarts of hot water in a
pail.
Madame Sara JJernhardt is devoted to
dogs. Her favorite is a small Skye terrier,
given her by Georges Hugo. Every day It is
ted on the breast of chlcuens and the legs of
quails.
A Parisian electrician has succeeded in
forcing violets by the aid of hls battery, and
recently sent a bunch of these fledglings,
only four hours- old, to the ex-Empress
Eugenie.
St. Louis will have an attractive feat
ure during tho World's Fair celebration In
the shapo of un immense illuminated globe
with the different continents, etc., painted
on its suriace.
i
By judicious marketing the South
Carolina moion growers have made the 950
carloads which thoy shipped this year pay
them $71,500, twice a much as they received
for 1,169 carloads shipped last year.
The 15-inch aerial torpedo thrower,
now introduced as a British service weapon
for coast defense, resembles in appearance
a powder gup, having tho axi3 of its trun
nions at or near the center of gravity of the
barrel.
The Shakespeare trustees have pur
chased the Ann Hathaway cottage for $15,
000. Its previous owner.a lineal descendant
of the Hathaway family, inherited it from
his father, who bought it for about $1,700 50
years ago.
The 'waxfitter" in Queen Victoria's
household arranges the candles on the din
ner table, for which he draws X60ayear,
bat he does not light them. The duty is
performed by two lamplighters, drawing" a
salary of X100 eaoH. so sj
A St Louis man describes the honey
moon as "that state of ecstatic idiocy that
will cause a Supreme Court. Judge to shin
up a shellbark hickory in his bathing suit to
harvest a hornet's nest for his innocent
little tootsie wogtsie."
A strange custom is followed by Mexi
can larmers. They nso oxen of one color in
the morning, and another color in tbe after
noon. They do not know why: but they
know tbat it most bo tbe right thing to do.
because their forefathers did It.
Mrs. Ferdinand Clayton, of Marion.
lnd., owns a peculiar bird brought to this
country seven years ago from Africa. It has
beautiful plumage. Is not a songster, and is
noted for its combative and vindictive
disposition. It is culled the "nine" or
"widow bird."
The rate of progression of a storm is
often 50 miles an hour, and a series has
often been traced in a direct linn from north
to south a distance of 400 miles. The aver
age altitude of tbunder storms has been
found to be not more than 500 feet above the
surface of the earth.
The French Order of the Legion of
Honor at present connts no less than 15,000
members, of which number 12,138 are civil
lan. Of grand crosses, including 11 civil
members, there are 59; tbe grand officers and
commanders number 1,400; the officers, in
cluding the army, 6,000.
The city oi Paris makes much of its
shade trees. The transplanting of largo
trees is done there with perhaps greater
success than anywhere else. It is now pro
posed to make an official Inspection of all
the trees In the cltv, with the view of re
moving those that are not healthy and sub
stituting trees that are.
A photographer in the Tyrol made'a
negative of ten tourists against aback
ground of pine woods. When he developed
tbe plate a laithful presentment of a largo
bear In the net of making for tbe denser
timber appeared In the edge of the forest.
Neither the man with the camera nor any of
thosoin tbe group had known that the brute
was near.
JOIXTISMS FBOM JUDGE.
"I suppose it was romantic anyhow being
stopped by highwaymen," said she.
"Oh, notso very,"he replied.
Did they say your money or your llfet M
No. Indeed. They growled: "Shell out, yr
tenderfoot, or we shoots. "
There's one cool spot on earth yes, ont.
Oh. could I clutch it to my heart
And all dav long Just hang upon
The back step of an Iceman's cartt
"Now, my dear, yon know tho way to tht.
Grand Central station?"
Well, not clearly. John."
Now listen. Tou tate the Fourth aveaa
car."
The fourth?"
"Yes."
"On which avenue?"
OX TBE SXTTD3.
Moon her silver hammock swung"
Between two stars as hint of slumber.
They did not heed; they were too young.
Too spoouy far the hours to number.
In happy silence 'neath the sty
They watched the dancing waves toss fleet toea,
While now and then burst forth a sigh
"Dearme, these terrible mosquitoes!"
Editor Johnnie, did any stamps com
with that poem or Howler's this morning?
Boy Yes. sir; three S-cent ones.
Editor Then run and get me a beer and a pretzel!
after that you can carry the poem back to him la
Harlem. ,
There are some candidates whose hopes ar
still
That they high offices are meant to fltt.
Will know the difference on election day
'Twlxt consummation and the consomme. N
Mrs. Slimdiet I don't know how I'm
ever to get along with that new boarder. It Jnst
worries me sick trying to find something he will
like.
Friend Queer tastes, bag he?
Mrs. SUmdlet-I should y to. He eoesn't Uxt
ham or liver or tripe or anything.
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