0 LABOR TROUBLES
or Twelve Tears in the
Great Industrial Army at
the Pullman Works.
,000 CONTENTED MEN.
ae Town Is Managed on Business
Principles From End to End,
HILANTHROPI NOT RECOGNIZED.
heralitj in the Way of Libraries and
Comforts Found to ray.
;del homes i good investment
rWlUTTEX FOR THE DISrATCH.!
HE conflict atHotne
stead between the
Carnegie Company
and their employes
has been so serious
as to call attention
to the fact that the
labor organizations
throughout the coun
try are becoming
more and more an-
gonistic to their employers. It has also
:en observed that these strikes seem to
in in periods. One great strike is gener
ally followed by another, and so close is
ie union now between all classes of work
en that a strike in any one State is eagerly
atched and supported by the labor leaders
ironghout the country.
Thee conflicts cost great turns of money,
id often result, as in Homestead, in serious
iss of life. Many solutions have been of-"
red for the settlement of such disputes,
rbitration has been often suggested. But
i- to the present time there is no authority
'h enough to create boards of arbitration
hich would be recognized. It is possible ,
jat the matter t ill be taken up at Wash
lgton with the view of establishing a Gov
rnment commission for the settlement of
lbor disputes. It would be an experiment
orth trying. "Would it not be better if
ach disputes could be avoided altogether?
A Corporation That Has "o Strikes.
There is a most valuable lesson to be
arned in the study of the affairs of the
'ullman palace car corporation. Its man
cement never has anv serious trouble -with
s employes. There are few corporations
"i the world which employ so many men.
"here is no corporation in the world which
las had less trouble than has this company
ith the people employed by it This is
.ot the resul' of mere chance, but the out
ome of a system. It is, therefore, a sys
ein worth studving, in view of the many
.ossible disputes between labor and capital
rhich may follow the contest at Home
tead. The Pullman Company emplovs in its
ork at Pullman, I1L, on an average dur
g the vi hole year over 6,000 men. In ad
tion to this brigade of workmen the
'illman Company" employes upon the
;ous railroads throughout the country
n its administration offices 0,000 more
.lie. It has in all 12,000 employes.
King the average of the families of these
eople to be three, this would make some
'j 000 people who are dependent upon the
f'ullman system for subsistence. It is with
he 6,000 workmen of Pullman that the
nost satisfactory results in the way of resu
lting labor have been attained. In the
iilier branches of the service there, is not
tne same possibility for strikes and for
labor disputes.
An Army of SttHlorf "Workers.
In the shops at Pullman there is employed
i great variety of workmen. Besides mak
ing its own palace cars, the company manu
'actures all kinds of railroad cars, and his
rae ot the largest shops for manufacturing
street cars in the country. Something of
he magnitude of the work is shown, first,
sn the number of men employed, and. sec
ond, in the enormous output of the shops.
In the freight car department one entire
irain of car, 40 in number, is manufactured
everv day. Two palace cars a week, which
involve the most skilled forms of woodwork,
carving, painting and decoration, are made,
while the vast iron works are constantly
f;oing to 11 the orders of the great railroad
rnrporations of the countrv which patronize
his companv. It has had no strike ot any
importaucc since the great general strike in
. uca;o following the establishment of the
v c-ks at Pullman in 1880.
In the town of Pullman and in the works
there are be'wecn $7,000,000 and 58,000,000
invested. The capital of the Pullman com
panv is now 530,000,000. It has a reserve
of 20 odd millions. It is one of the few cor
porations of the country that has no great
bonded indebtedness. Its stock is quoted
above 190, and is chiefly held by in-
estors and is not considered a speculative
ttock.
The Stocti Is in Small noTdingt.
Xeither is this stock the property
of a few rich people. It is held by
many small holders whose principal income
is dependent upon the dividends of this
stock. The stock payB 12 per cent upon its
par value. It has been purchased by trus
tees of estates, so that very large holdings
of the stock represent ownerships of widows
and orphans. The stock has never been un
duly watered and has always represented a
rood investment to its holders. This lrom
the standpoint of a capitalist. The laborers
at Pullman are paid the best current wages.
The average pay of the workmen in the
works is ?600 a rear. The pay ranges from
fl 75 a day for unskilled laborers to 57 and
$8 a day for the work of specialists, such as
decorators, carvers and the like. The pros
j .enty of the workmen is also shown in the
fact that in the local savings bank there are
deposits now reaching nearly 52,000,000.
I wish also to call attention to the fact
that there is no assumption anywhere in
the management ot this company that it is
playing the role of a philanthropist toward
its employes. The whole system is a busi
ness one. " It was established by George 51.
Pullman, the President of the company.
Mr. Pullman has proceeded upon the theorv
that contented, well-cared for workmen wifl
do better work than discontented, uncared
for men. Everything that he has done for
his men has been projected upon a basis of
sound commercial principles.
Sound Principles From the. Starr.
"When he planned the town of Pullman
he had it laid out in accordance with scien
tific and sanitary principles. In the first
place, he began with a bit of virgin prairie
and established before he put up a single
building a magnificent and uniform system
of sewerage. Then followed the roads.
Then came the shops and houses. They
were all built-upon a uniform system of
architecture. The architect, Mr. Beman,
is one of the best architects in the West.
His good taste and practical abilities as a
designer have civen to the town a thor
oughly harmonious appearance.
These houses are the best that workmen
have ever had. They were built under
favorable conditions and so can be rented to
the workmen at a cheaper rent than they
would be required to pay in the alleys or
tenement houses ot the poorer quarters of
Chicago. And yet the rent pays the cap
italist in the form of the company a 5 per
cent return upon his investment, and so
both interests are well served. The work
man has a model house clean, well built,
ell ventilated and with great floods of
water furnished bv an admirable water.eys
teiu, which gives the poorest family of the
if'S i.AistJiiM'ii stfsatetfaJaasiiiiMHaMMMatMafr ,?SkiiyaririJV. . . Jk.-.siiaa-l.t..-. Jn
unskilled laborer an equal opportunity for
wi.uiiiicaa n..u .lie Ulj:uc3. JJB1U UUWGU
All Kua on a liasiness Basis.
The Pullman company loots after the
streets, the sewage and the public.lighting.
The sidewalks are also attended to by the
corporation. The result is one of the best
cared for systems of streets in aurtownin
the country. Mr. Pullman has done other
thingsor the town. He has built a hand
some school building, a church, a market,
a great arcade building for shops, in which
he has also established a theater as hand
some as any in Hew York, and a library,
the books being presented bv himselC
These represent extra expenditures, yet
tney contribute so much to the comtort ana
satisfaction of the workmen there em
ployed that the company doubtless finds
that regarded even as business investments
pure and simple they pay.
The library especially is of the .greatest
adantagc to workmen who wish to im
prove themselves. Here will be found all
of the best books bearing upon the various
trades and industries sought to be devel
oped at Pullman. The workmer. are en
couraged to come to thip library by every
possible means. The regulation are of the
simplest character necessary for the preser
vation of the library's contents. There is a
back room to the" library with a private
staircase, where workmen can come in froii
their work without changing their dress, as
they might feel compelled to do in coming
into the large and handsome part of the
library.
One 1'ollceman Covers the Town.
This gigantic experiment at Pullman is
one that has attracted wide attention
throughout the world. It is the first time
that an experiment of this exact kind has
ever been attempted There is nowhere the
semblance of charity or benevolence. There
is no attempt to adopt the co-operative sys
tem or to give the employes shares in the
profits ot the company. Even the church,
which is built in the town, is placed there
as a building to be rented by any particular
association that the workmen may them
selves designate. The workmen are never
lectured upon their duties. Mr. Pullman
never permits the theater to be occupied by
professional philanthropists or lecturers,
who have special axes to grind. The town
itself has some 12,000 inhabitants. No
liquor is sold in the town and one police
man is all that is required to maintain law
and order. This policeman has probably
less to do than any one of the Chicago
policemen.
Xone of the workmen are permitted to
own their houses in Pullman. This is con
sidered by many as a hardship. But the
Pullman company say that otherwise they
could not mauage their property on a uni
form and harmonious system. The town is
managed as a private estate, and as such it
should be criticised and examined. The
Pullman company does not require its em
ployes to live in the town. Some 2,000 live
outside of it. They have all of the advan
tages of the town, however, so far as its
public institutions are concerned. These
2,000 men have gone outside for the purpose
of owning their own homes. The towns of
Kosedsle and Kensington, which border
upon the Pullman property,have been built
up by these employes.
The Rentals Are Very Low,
But many of the men prefer to remain in
Pullman. They say that the low rentals
enable them to I've there as cheaply as in
their own homes outside. They" invest
their surplus in outside properties and so
many of them have become quite independ
ent. It is true that the leases of the honses
in Pullman can be canceled upon short no
tice by the company if the tenant becomes
obnoxious, but this is never done for any
trifling reason. There is nothing ideal
about the town. There is is no one there
who is not obliged to work as he would in
any manufacturing village. There is never
any attempt to coddle the workmen. They
all live in a state or independence and look
to their own mutual aid societies for relief
in cases of accident or sickness.
The healtbfulness of the town is shown
by the character ot the children seen in the
streets. Those who are familiar with the
pasty complexions, the dark circled eyes of
the poor children in the crowded quarters
where workmen are generally obliged to
live in cities would take great pleasure in
studying the character of the children seen
in this workingman's town. I spent several
weeks in Pullman last year, and I don't
think that I saw a single sickly child dur
ing my visit. They are all sturdy, strong,
rosy and clean, and are always well dressed.
The advantages ot theschoolandthe library
are very marked. There is no part of the
country where children of working people
have abetter chance than here. It is from
the ranks of these children that the com
pany hopes to recruit its best workmen in
the future.
The Valnn or a Reserve Fund.
Very few corporations could afford to set
aside such a great sum as was required for
the foundation of this village. But the
principles of the system it seems might
serve with many smaller corporations.
"With the Pullman Company it has proved
a good investment. It has been the policy
of this company to always carry a large
reserve. This reserve enabled the company
first to construct the town in such a way as
to make its foundations solid and its future
prosperity certain. This same reserve
enabled the corporation to keep its work
men busy even during periods of stringency.
Railroad corporations, like individuate, are
often short of money and would have to
cut down their orders if the Pullman Com
pany did not stand ready with this reserve
capital to extend credit to solvent corpora
tions. The car required to keep all of this
vast business going is shown by the fact that
the wages paid out will average some 5300,
000 a month.
It is pleasing to know that this experi
ment has been a financial success in many
ways. In the first place the model town
has paid a good return upon the investment
in the way ot rents. Second, the increase
of the value of the real estate has been
more than enough to give a great dividend
upon the investment Adjoining the town
and between it and the neighboring ones is
a broad strip ot land containing some 3.500
acres. This land, bought originally!
an acre, is now worth from f,000 to f5,000
an acre. The town itself is incorporated
within the city of Chicago. It has a repre
sentative in the municipal council. Its
school is a part of the public school system.
The workmen are not interfered with polit
ically. Although Mr. Pullman is an ardent
Republican the town often goes Democratic.
The Strike Twelve Tears Asa
The most interesting feature, however, is
the fact that the prosperity of the place has
rarely been shattered by strikes. And even
then they have been so mild in comparison
with outside strikes as to justify the as
sumption that ihe cause was not a very
great one. Early in the history ot the town,
uhich was established in 1880, there was a
general system of strikes in Chicago. The
workmen in many of the mills and shops
were as savage and determined as were the
strikers at Homestead, In some ot the
mills in South Chicago their owners did not
dare to venture among their workmen tor
lear of being lynched. A general strike
was ordered all round, and this included
the Pullman works.
Mr. Pullman was then somewhat dis
couraged. He had labored honestly for the
interests of his company and his workmen.
He went hiineeU among the strikers and re
ceived the delegation. He talked to them
for upward of an hour as one trieiid would
talk to another. He made no sentimental
appeals to tbem. He simply discussed the
business principles of the situation. He
asked them to show him just what they
hoped to gain by such a course. They were
employed by a corporation which sought to
deal honestly and fairly with its employes.
He called their attention to the fact that he
was originally a poor man with his own way
to make, and that he had risen to his pres
ent position simply by following the line of
his duty by doing in the best possible way
what he had in hand. It was a plain busi
ness talk. After that there was no further
conference. The works were shut down for
the first and last time in their history.
They were closed for nearly a week.
It Looks Lite a Success.
During that time there were some dis
cussions and some meetings of the working
men, but there were at no time any threats
and no demonstrations were made against
the manager ot the company. Even during
that whole period the striding workmen, who
had gone out not because ot grievances of
their owu,but in accordance with the wishes
ot the labor leaders in Chicago, would to a
man have rushed to the protection of the
property of the company it any one had
sought to injure iL
There is to-day a good business feeling be
tween the employes of this company and its
managers. There is nowhere any semblance
of sentiment Mr. Pullman , is a frequent
visitor at the shops and is constantly going
through the works, where the workmen ad
dress him at any time if they want any
thing as they would a friend. There is
nothing like subserviency or cringing. All
classes and nationalities are employed here.
The American-born workmen are the most
skillful and ingenious. The Swedes are
considered perhaps the steadiest. There
has never been any attempt upon the
part ot the company to control the
private actions of their workingmen.
Nearly all of them belonged to unious
when the works were 'first established.
Some of them do yet. But in the main the
workmen there are not members of any
union. They have found that there is no
necessity tor any combination to protect
their interests at the hands of the Pullman
companv There is nothing in the system
itself which would prevent its being ap
plied to the management of any corporation
in the country. It is possible that Mr.
Pullman has found the solution of the labor
question in the way he manages his own
men. His system has been the subject of
much criticism, but its unbroken success
during a period of over 12 years justifies Us
originator's plan. T. C. Crawford.
THE BEGINNING AND THE END.
The Horning Ilonr of a Tonne "Woman's
Llfo as Seen in an Opium Dream.
Chicago Tribune.
An old and wrinkled woman, shivering
over a scanty fire. The wind shrieks like a
mad thing around the rattling windows,
then rushes off into the night, only to re
turn, and with redoubled fury rend at the
quaking casements.
The snow has sifted through one corner of
the roof, and sprinkles with its diamond
dust the one thin coverlet of 'a bag of straw
which does duty as a bed.
The withered crone pulls the ragged rem
nants of a shawl more closely about her
lean shoulders and fills a long pipe with
some brown snbstance she draws from a
pocket hidden somewhere in her rags. The
opium fumes steal over her and fill the
wretched hovel, and in them this is what
she sees:
A large and beautifully-furnished room,
although the fast-thickening veil of twi
light is settling down upon the luxurious
divans, the embroidered screens, and the
soft rugs and half obscures them from view.
The wind, heavy with the perfume of near
water lilies, strays through the open case
ment and out again to murmur in the thiok
leaved branches silhouetted against the
darkening sky. A nightingale somewhere
in the wood is mourning to the wind.
Now the Eastern horizon pales at the ap
proach of the queen of night. Concerted
stars grow dim. The silvery rays light as,
with a halo the red-gold curls of a little
maid framed in the window seat. Toward
the West the dark river turns on its way,
and it, too, bears a silver gleam on its
crest.
There is a face shining through the gloom
within the room, framed in shadows like a
dream picture, and light fingers sweep the
strings of a guitar.
Outside the mightier gale mourns to the
wind and the odor of lilies weights the air.
The fire has gone out. The opium pipe
will never be smoked again. A motionless
heap of rags in the corner. The war of the
elements rages on in the black battle ground
of the skv.
AN OLD CURIOSITY 8H0F.
The Place in York Where the Belies of
Unknown Men Are Kepr.
Xew York Morning Advertiser. - "
"When a person who hasn't a known legal
.heir dies in this city bis effects are handed
over to the Public Administrator under the
law, and are retained by that official nntil
the city's right to dispose Of them is made
clear.
The storehouse is a three-story brick
building, directly opposite the site of the
old sugar house that played such an im
portant part in the early history of the
United States. One part of the building is
used as a depot by the fire department If
there is an old curiosity shop anywhere in
New York City it is in No. 5 Duane street.
The two floors of the building are jammed
full of personal effects. Some of the things
are practically without value, and some are
strange articles that might have "millions
in them." A number of poverty-stricken
inventors have died in New York in
the past few years. In nearly every in
stance they were men well advanced in
vears who had lived aloue and were un
known outside an exceedingly limited cir
cle. Their relatives, it they had any, were
distant cousins whose whereabouts were
unknown and whose existence was, perhaps,
in doubt.
Nearly all these men left scanty ward
robes, a small amount of money, a few
books, and usually a model of something
which they had hoped would astonish the
world and secure for them unlimited means
and great honor. With their death died
the idea. The models in every instance
proved to be unique mechanical devices, bnt
of no value beyond that which the wheels
and springs and other contrivances were
worth if removed.
If some of the old-fashioned clocks or
quaint pictures that have been stored in the
Duane street building could but speak they
might tell some interesting tales of long lost
brothers and men who were the last of their
race.
A LOT W0ETH A MILLION.
Euro Signs of How Talnes in the Windy
City Are Increasing.
Chicago Mill.
Just 60 years ago to-day the lot where the
Chicago Opera House stands, at Clark and
Washington streets, one of the most central
in the city, was sold for the sum of f61
lawful money wildcat currency being re
garded lawful in those days it you could
get anybody to accept it. The lot, which
will soon be worth a million, was sold by
the Commissioners of Cook county to John
Noble, JuneiH, 1832, for less than an extra
good suit of clothes would cost now. The
Noble family still have the original deed in
their possession.
It is well not to forget such evidences of
our progress, prospects and opportunities.
Many boys, and even young men, are now
living in Chicago who will be living here 60
years hence, and who will sea more remark
able and surprising changes and greater in
creases in property values than the Opera
House lot shows. This lot is now worth
$7,000 or f 8,000 a lront toot, or probably
600,000 to 5700,000. Chicago is destined
to have 5,000,000 or 6,000,000 people it will
be the London, while New York will be the
.Liverpool of America. There are millions
yet to "come and millions of money to be
made in Chicago real estate.
Dancers From Eagles.
The gigantic bald eagles of Duncan
Mills, near Cazadero, CaL, have been mak
ing it very lively for. certain kinds ot live
stock and fowls in that vicinity. Pigs, full
grown Shanghai chickens and even calves
have been carried away in the talona of
these great birds. All the sportsmen of
the vicinity are keeping their rifles loaded
for the big eagles.
FITS All fits stopped free bv Dr. Kline's Great
Nerve Restorer. So fits after first day's use. liar
velous cares. Treatise and f- 00 trial bottle free to
Fit cases. Dr. Kline, SUlArcli St.. full., fa. (a
Lies' photo studio, 10 and 13 Sixth street,
first-class work, moderate 'prices, prompt
delivery. Bring the babies. bu
THE BAPTISMAL RITE.
At One Time There Was a Great Dis
cussion of Regeneration.
THE CHURCH WAS DIVIDED ON IT.
In
the Clearer Light of To-Day the Word
lakes a Broad Meaning.
EEAHiI A CHANGE OP ENVIRONMENT
twarrraN for thb dispatch.!
Once upon a time, there was a great deal of
discussion about baptismal regeneration.
Over In England, by reason of the remarka
ble intermingling of politics and religion
which they have in that country, the con
troversy got into the courts, and was de
cided one way or the other, I have forgotten
which. I believe that the discussion af
firmed the right of people to hold an opin
ion in the matter which was not the theory
of all the other people. It was made per
missible to have mor-, than one theory about
baptismal regeneration.
That old disputation tangled up the the
ologians in this country and even led to the
separation of certain particularly enthusias
tic controversialists from the church of their
birth, and to the setting up of another addi
tion to the long and not very honorable list
of denominational divisions. I wonder if
they still know as much as they did then
about baptismal regeneration. The little
church which they built here for the de
fense of their opinion about that matter has
long since been turned into a tenement
bouse, and the denomination which was
founded upon that corner stone is not at
present making anj great noise in the
world. We have turned our attention else
where. Not Worth Burning People For.
Baptismal regeneration is no longer a
"burning question" that is, a question for
which Christians, if they had tha power,
would be glad to burn each other; it has
given place to pretention, which, in its
turn, will presently be happily forgotten.
Our children will 'wonder how we could
have brought so much animosity into our
obsolete discussions.
Baptismal regeneration ceased to be dis
cussed, I know not why. Not because it
was accurately defined and permanently set
tled. That, as I hope to show, is forever
impossible. Probably the good, sensible
laity grew weary of the complicated'debate,
and began to go to sleep when the parsons
touched upon it in their sermons. And so
the uproar was ended.
The word regeneration still remains in the
Bible and in the appointed services of bap
tism. After all the clash of theories, here
is still the cause of all the misunderstand
ings and discussions. Perhaps we can get a
clearer idea about it now than the fathers
could. The moment of theological battlers
not a good time for quiet thinking. We are
impelled to take sides, to adopt a partisan
position, and accordingly to look at truth
from one side only.
The Service of Baptism.
Let us look at it again. What is meant in
the service of baptism when the minister
) bids the congregation to join him in a
thanksgiving for the child's regeneration?
The word regeneration comes into the
baptismal office ont of the third chapter of
the Gospel of St. John, and out of the
epistle which St. Paul wrote to Titus: "Ex
cept a man be born again (regenerated) of
water and of the spirit, he cannot enter into
the Kingdom of God." "When the kind
ness of God our Savior, and his love toward
man appeared, not by works done in right
eousness which we did ourselves, but ac
cording to his mercy he saved us, through
the washing of regeneration and renewing ot
the Holy Ghost."
These passages may or may not hare a di
rect bearing upon the sacrament of baptism.
It. is sufficient for our present purpose that
they have always been recognized as singu
larly applicable to this sacrament, and that
they have given the Church this significant
word in which the benefits of baptism ap
pear to be summed up and included. Bap
tism is always baptism, whether it be ad
ministered to a child or to an adult And
the blessing of baptism is indicated by the
Episcopal Church in the word "regenera
tion." No Doctrinal Definition for It.
When we come, "however, to inquire ex
actly what regeneration means, the church
returns no answer. It ia evident from the
use ot the word in Holy Scripture that it
was never intended to be the basis of a doc
trinal definition. It belongs not to the do
main of mathematics, ot logic, of scientific
theology, but rather to the world of poetry,
of illustration, of the imagination. We
ought to know better than to make the mis
take of Nicodemus and to try to read it
literally. In baptism we are "born again."
That is not a statement in physiology.
The higher we get in the scale of truth,
the more do we become aware of the inade
quateness of literal definition. In mathe
matics and in physical science it is possible
to formulate a description which shall in
clude all the facts and leave nothing out; so
that we may say: This is absolutely true,
and no other statement, differing from this,
can possibly be true at all. But try this
method with one of Beethoven's sympho
nies. It is plain at once that here we are
beyond the reach of definition. A thou
sand things may be said about this beauti
ful music; a thousand attempts may be
made to set forth the charm that it has for
us, and the delight that it gives us. And
yet there is room for more. After all is
said, the half has not been told. Nobodv
can formulate an adequate definition ot a
piece ot music
Art and Evolution Defy Definition.
We are conscious of the same inadequate
ness of language in regard to all the higher
truths. No great picture, nor statue, nor
book; no great emotion, no strong feeling,
no supreme joy or sorrow can be adequately
expressed in any number of formal sen
tences.. Love eludes definition. Patriot
ism is above all constitutions and by-laws.
These high matters are to be thought about
endlessly, with boundless variety in our
thinking, with no limit to the possibility ot
new discovery. Nobody has ever said, nor
will ever say, all that can be said about
them.
Somehow we are slow to see that the great
truths of religion are as incapable of ade
quate definition as these other great truths.
We are all the time making the mistake of
thinking that religious truth is truth of a
low order, that it belongs with physics and
arithmetic, that the creeds and the sacra
ments are like sticks and stones, and the
words of Christ like the statements of the
multiplication table; whereas, religious
truth is ot the very highest order, and be
longs with music and poetry, and art, and
patriotism, and honor, and love, absolutely
out of the reach ot any adequate definition.
The good theologians of the Middle Ages
were quite sure that the Inquisition was in
possession of the whole mind of God. They
were as certain of their definitions in the
ology as they were of their definitions in
science and as mistaken. After all their
instructive blunders we are still in search
of adequate theological definition.
Regeneration Is a Wide Word.
Now, the ,word regeneration offers, it
seems to me, a way-out of this old error.
For here is a wide word, taken out of the
world of poetry and capable of innumerable
applications. The word regeneration limits
no man's thinking. It attempts no theo
logical definition. In spite ot all endeavors
to get it down into the field of mathemati
cal theology it still swings free as the stars.
It seta forth no sacramental doctrine. To
be baptized is to be born again. , What a
boundless area is here thrown open to the
devout imagination, to the meditation of
the Christian 1 Baptism, the church says, ia
regeneration; and the word sets tha door
wide for everybody's absolutely untram
meled study.
One thing is quite clear about baptism;
whatever else baptism does it initiates us
into the church of Christ It makes us
members of Chrjst Baptism is an adoption
in the family ot God. It makes us children
of God. Baptism is the bringing of 'a hu
man soul into the midst 'of spiritual in
fluences. It makes us inheritors of the
kingdom of heaven.
Evidently, baptism is an entrance into
the church; and that Is, in a real way, an
entrance into a new life. Whatever else
regeneration may mean, it may very prop
erlymean this. Initiation into this great
spiritual society is a being born again. It
represents a new enviroment
f The Influence of environment.
It is not easy to over-estimate the influ-1
ence of environment. The difference Is im
measurable which results from the bfrth of
one child into one family and of another
child into another and very different family.
The chances are enormous that 'the family
environment will absolutely shape and de
termine the child's destiny. In a wider
field, see what environment does in the' de
velopment of nationality. There is an
actual difference, not to be accounted for
by any considerations of geograhy or of his
tory, between a Frenchman and an
Englishman, between an Italian and a
Russian, between a citizen of Pittsburg and
a citizen of Constantinople. This difference
is due to the influence of environment
Now, baptism puts a child into a certain
environment The child is made a member
of the Christian church. Henceforth he is
to be surrounded by Christian associations.
Promises are made, as a condition of ad
mission, that all pains will be taken to
train him up in a Godly and Christian life.
The change which has come upon thischild,
as compared with auother, left in the irre
ligious world, is like a removal from Tiui
buctoo to London, or like an adoption out
of the slums into a cultured .home. Of
course, the child may not be receptive of
these uplifting influences, or there may be
some defect in the application of the in
fluences, the church or the child may be at
fault; but, iu a majority of instances, this
change ot environment, of which baptism is
the sign, will and does amount to a new
birth. It deserves the name regeneration.
The Symbol of New Environment.
Some of the illustrations of baptism given
in the New Testament show how this mean
ing of it was in tho minds of the earliest
Christian teachers. A company of He-.
brews, under cover ol a great storm, tne
wind making a way for them through the
water, cross over from Africa to Asia. St
Paul says that this is a good illustration of
baptism. What chauge did that flight
across between the two shores make? Evi
dently a change of environment 'Upon the
other bank arrived the Hebrews, just the
same Hebrews, speaking the same language,
looking out of the same eyes, possessing the
same infirmities of temper but changed in
environment Behind them, Egypt, with
its slave whips and idols; before them, the
free wilderness, Sinai rising up in the midst
of it
Those Hebrews were saved when the Bed
Sea closed in behind them. Yes; poten
tially salvation made possible for them;
but no salvation insured to them thencefor
ward, no righteousness given to them with
out being first earned by hard endeavors af
ter it In the end a great proportion of
those who were thus saved were lost lost
because they did not make good use of their
changed environment
The Church and the World.
Baptismal regeneration may mean a great'
deal more than this. The more we stndy
it the more meaning we will discover in it
But this is enough, I think, to make plain
a good many hard sentences. As, for ex
ample, that "All men are conceived and
born in sin and none can enter into the
kingdom of God except he be regenerated
and born anew of water and of the Holy
Ghost," and therefore we are to implore
Almighty God "that of His bounteous
mercy He will grant to this child that which
by nature he cannot'have." This is a com
parison of the two environments, -the world
and the church, the kingdom of sin and
the kingdom of God. By nature, that is,
out in the irreligious world, there' are a
thousand graces and virtues; that we cannot
have, any more than there can be culture in
a slum. We want to bring this child
within touch of these spiritual influences
which are to be found in the environment
of the church.
Then, again, in such an address as this to
sponsors: "Dearly beloved, ye have brought
this child here to be baptized; ye have
prayed that our Lord Jesus Christ would
vouchsafe to receive him, to release him
from sin, to sanctify him with the Holy
Ghost, to give him the kingdom of heaven
and everlasting life." The sponsors are
assured that their prayers will be answered.
But at once follow certain conditions.
It Carries With It Responsibility.
The sponsors must train up the child to
renounce the devil, to believe the creed,
and to keep the commandments. Tha bless
ings of baptism, accordingly, are potential.
They depend upon the lite. All this will
be given, if obedience and faith are given.
Baptism is an act of immense importance,
because we attribute to it the possibilities
of the futnre, just as birth is an occasion of
rejoicing because we endow the child in our
thoughts with manhood or womanhood.
The newly born has not attained to any
thing but the possibility of growth; ueither
has the newly baptized. The words of the
service are not the words of attainment, but
the words of hope.
Fortunately the benedictions of baptism
do not depend upon the accuracy of our
theological information. We get the bless
ing all the same whether we understand
what it is or not All our study, all onr
controversy, will not change the natnre of
baptism. We may be sure that God has
her a greater blessing than any of us
know. The doctrine of baptism and the
blessing of baptism do not go of necessity
together. Doctrines depend upon men's
spiritual insight As we grov we come to
know more, and to see more, and our doc
trines change. That doctrine of baptism is
most in contradiction to the Christian spirit
which says: "This is the one true and final
explanation;" and leaves no room ibr any,
further Christian thinking.
George Hodges.
A OIHLS' SMOKING CONTEST.
George IT. 'Wanted to Know 'Who Could
Best enjoy a Cigar.
Pearson's 'Weekly.
The wild recklessness and extravagance
of George IV. have become proverbial in
history. During one of his carouses shortly
after his coronation, he, in a semi-intoxicated
state, commanded that six of the
palace chambermaids be brought before
him. The order was obeyed, whereupon
the King, turning to his associates, asked
them to make wagers upon the ladies as to
which one would smoke the most cigars in
half an hour.
Upon hearing what was expected of them,
two or three of the maids endeavored to beat
a hasty retreat from the royal presence, but
were prevented from doing so by the attend
ants. A box of mild cigars was produced,
and each chambermaid bidden light and
smoke one.
The ludicrous manner in which most of
them attempted to light the weeds caused
the most boisterous merriment among the
courtiers, in which the monarch heartily
joined. With the exception of one maid
the rest tried to light their cigars without
first outting ofi the end.
Only one succeeded in struggling through
a whole cigar, but she had to be removed in
a fainting state. The others refused to
smoke more than half of theirs, to the great
annoyance of the king and his courtiers.
A Curious Calculation.
An English scientist has made a calcu
lation about the time it will take to fill the
world with all the people it will hold. The
present population of the globe is about
1,497,000,000, and he estimates that the
maxium of the inhabitants thai can be sus
tained on the entire land surface is 0,994,
000,000. and that this figure will be reached
A. D. 20T2.
Boachts, bedbugs and other insects are
conspicuous by their absence in honses
where Buglno l used. U cents.
a
WOES OF A HUSBAND.
Flayed the Role of Victim in a Little
Discnssion of Burglars.
A BOARDING H0DSE EPISODE.
Catastrophe Caused by Drowsiness and
YiTid Imaginations.
M0KAL SUASION IX TWO DIRECTIONS
rcoTtBisroirDiiKCB or the dispatch, i
New York, July 22. We were sitting
on the steps of the boarding house, a dozen
or so of us. The landlady had just told a
story, which had been pronounced good by
such of us as were behind with our board
money. The story related to a daring
robbery that had been perpetrated in the
boarding house across the way.
It appeared that some hardened sinner had
entered the house in 'broad daylight, "re
gardless of his reputation," as our landlady
maliciously added. He had taken things
very coolly, and among the things which ha
had taken were various articles of jewelry
which had been rather suspiciously worn by
a lady with supernaturally light hair. The
burglar had remained in her room nearly an
hour and had collected every article of value
which she was not wearing at the
time, but as she generally wore nearly
all the jewelry that she owned, he
was short a couple of dozen rings and a
watch. Perhaps he was feeling sorry for
this, when suddenly and unexpectedly the
lady returned and caught him in the act
Thereupon she fainted dead away and the
burglar removed from her inanimate form
those trinkets which the poor fellow might
have missed if she had not come back just in
the nick of time.
The Burglar Was SiUIsfloJ.
Some of the gentlemen of our party said
that this was rather rough on the lady, but
most of our boarders of the weaker sex
seemed to think that it served her right
for what I did not ascertain. The landlady
simply remarked that the burglar was the
only person she had ever known to visit
that house and come away satisfied with
what he got in it
This story introduced the general subject
of burglars, and the ladies began . to tell
what wise and vigorous action they would
take in an emergency similar to that which
had been too much tor their neighbor. Their
methods of actions differed one from the
other, but they were alike in this that they
left the burglar no earthly chance to escape
We Close on the Burglar.
with his life. One of them said she would
grasp her husband's revolver, etc., eta, but
when I asked her which end she would
grasp it by, she was unable to state. Another
told bow she had once dispersed three
tramps by hurling a flatiron at them. This
missile had severely wounded the fourth
tramp who was approaching from another
direction, finally, an intellectual young
woman who had recently been graduated
from an advanced educational institution
(and had married a man who didn't know
whether "Hamlet" was written by Shakes
peare or Lanra Jean Libby) spoke up in
contradiction of them all. She said it was a
mistake to resort to violence in such cases.
Moral suasion was much better. She knew
how it worked because she had had experi
ence with the most hardened ruffians on the
face of the earth, having taught school in an
Eastern seaport town, where, in her opin
ion, the boys followed piracy as a trade in
vacation time.
An Intellectual Woman's Method.
She said that if she found a burglar in her
room she would politely ask him to sit
down. She would then explain to him the
enormity of his crime and its inevitable
consequences. She would show him that
riches acquired in such a way could not
bring any real and lasting joy to their pos
sessor. She outlined to ns fully the argu
ments she would use, add I was of the opin
ion that if any burglar took them all at one
dose he would not be in a condition to re
sist arrest, and in any case a teir quiet
years in the penitentiary would afterward
appear to him as a blessed relief.
' We talked about this grewsome subject
for about two hours, and, when we were
done, I think no lady in the party expected
to find fewer than seven masked "men in her
room when she went no to bed. Only she
who had advocated moral suasien preserved
a semblance of calm. We dispersed on the
stairways and went to our several cages. I
had just reached mine when an unearthly
shriek rent the air. I rushed downstairs
and most of. the others did the same. Two
ladies, however, went down on the rear fire
escape, and another got into bed and pulled
the clothes up over her head.
The Moral Suasion Woman Excited.
On the lowest flight of stairs I was over
taken by the advocate of moral suasion, who
passed me in a canter, and, meeting the land
ladv in the hall, threw both arms around her
sneckand burst into tears.
"Oh, .Mrs. Crowley, ' she sobbed, "there s
a man in my room."'
We were most of us in the hall by this
time, and we all talked at once. The only
other man besides myself went out to find a
Eolicemau, and I think he has not lound
im yet It devolved upon me, then, to do
something. 'I, therefore, as a preliminary
measure of prudence, asked Mm. Hawkins
(the lady who had discovered the burglar)
whether she thought, from the appearance
of the intruder, that there was any danger
of his coming down stairs. At this awful
suggestion she released Mrs. Crowley's
neck and ran down into the kitchen, where
she affectionately embraced the cook,whom,
no longer than dinner time, she bad reviled.
This gave me an idea. I remembered
that there lurked below stairs a somewhat
tough young man who waited on the table.
The violent manner in which he was accus
tomed to brandish a loaded soup plate over
a boarder's head marked him for one who
was utterly reckless of human life. Evi
dently he was the man to lend an attacking
party" I went down to negotiate with him
and all the ladies screamed "Oh don't leave
us alone," and tumbled down the stairs
after me. ," '
1 be Tongh loanjr Man to the Rescue.
A brief interview with the tounh young
man convinced me that my confidence in
him had not been misplaced.
A burgularin de house?" said he. "Say,
young feller, just watch me while I break
his jaw."
At the mention of this desperate deed the
woman who had spoken of her husband's
revolver in our hypothetical conversation
on the steps fell on her knees and implored
me to avoid bloodshed. I' replied that if
keping at a safe distance from the scene
would contribute to a peaceful settlement I
knew of no man likelier than myself to ac
complish one. By this time the tough
young man had prepared himself for the
work before him. He provided nimself
with a fresh chew of tobacco as a nerve tonic,
but declined all weapons, though we offered
him nearly everything that there wasin the
house. His confidence somewhat revived
the courage of the ladies and made them
anxious to keep near him, although he led
tbem nearer to the scene of danger.
Now, while all this was going on, the man
who had caused all the trouble might have
ascended to the roof and walked to Harlem
over the housetops, or he might have
walked down the front stairs without
molestation from anybody. But he had
made no sign. Mrs. Hawkins had no doubt
that he was the same man who Had entered
the house across the way. and, remembering
the proof he had there given of being a most
deliberate and painstaking thief, she pic
tured him stowing away all her treasures
while we delayed. She was now somewhat
calmer, and was able to give a partially
coherent description of the villain. It was
How She Would Make Him Weep.
so dreadful that even the tough young man'
was visibly moved. He bit off another
fiiece of tobacco and admitted that be would
ike to have a good, reliable club. But his
disposition was naturally too prone to strife
to admit of his losing the chance of a fight.
He advanced np the Irout stairs and we
followed in his wake.
The Ton;h Won a Signal Victory.
As we marched up the stairs I took a po
sition at the end of the column, where I
could cheer the faint-hearted and drive de
serters back into the ranks. Thus it hap
pened that when Billy Murphy, the tough
young man, entered the third floor front
room. I was not above the second story.
When he pushed the door open the excite
ment among our boarders reached such an
uncontrollable frenzr that they all yelled
in unison and rushed" madly down the stairs,
bearing me with them. From above there
came presently the noise of conflict, and
then Billy was heard coming down the
stairs with a heavy tread, and dragging
something after him.
"Say, I did him up," said Billy. "He
wasn't in it, seel De chump was sittin' in
a chair, and I give him me right an' left
'fore he knew where he was. Dere's de
remains of him, see, an' say dere ain't no
flies on Billy Murphy."
He cast "his victim on the floor as he
spoke. The man didn't appear so far as
we could perceive in the dim light of the
hall to be capable of doing any further
damage, and after a momentary scattering
we all rushed toward him.
Moral Suasion From the Other Halt.
"Suppose you try a little moral suasion,"
I ventured to suggest to Mrs. Hawkins.
But she had something else on her mind.
The man had got upon his feet by this time,
and was looking around.
"What the blooming blazes does this
mean?" he shouted. "Has everybody gone
clear crazy? Here I go to sleep in my own
room, and this big tough breaks my head
and drags me down stairs. .Then yon all
stare at raa iik e an asylum iuu or idiots.
What in '
"Oh, George!" cried Mrs. Hawkins, in a
voice choked with misery, "how did you
ever get in without my seeing you? It's
all your fault for creeping up there alone by
yourself."
Yes, it was Mr. Hawkins, sure enough.
He had got into the house unperceived; had
fallen asleep in his chair, and had been mis
taken for a burglar by his own wife. When
we saw the Hawkinses last that night, the
power of moral suasion was being exerted,
not by the person who originally advocated
it, but Dy old man Hawkins himself. He
was trying by a severely logical process,
founded on hard facts and a dislocated ear,
to convince his wife that she did not know
enough to go in ont of the wet
Howabd FiixDnro.
A CUBE JOB SNAZEBIIE3.
An Old Darkey Baa a Concoction Bat Will
Mot Give It Away.
I have just returned from the southwest
ern part of the State, and I saw something
there that I believe would surprise the
medical men of this city, says a writer in
the St Louis Olobe-DemoeraL An old woman
had been bitten by a rattlesnake. The
poison had begun to ace before they found
out what the trouble was and dosed her
with whiskey. The patient was delirious
and was suffering untold agony. Everybody
living near her house went in to see her,
and the night I was there an old negro man
came in. He watched her face for a time,
and at every indication ot pain on the
patient's face,his face would assume a simi
lar expression. Finally, after watching her
face for some time, the old negro started to
go.
He turned suddenly to inquire what was
the matter with the woman. "Snakebite?"
?ueried he, in a loud tone of voice. "Why,
can cure dat" He left the bouse, and re
turned a few minutes later with a big bottle
containing a red liquor with a greenish cast
He gave the patient a small glass full ot tbe
stuff! and for several minutes afterwards
her frame quivered from head to foot The
doses were kept ud, and in a few days the
woman was on the road to recovery. No
amount of persuasion could induce the old
negro to tell what his concoction consisted
of further than that it was composed of
whisky and herbs.
Brlcht's Dlsrase of the Kidneys.
Will Pe-ru-na cure Bright's disease of
the kidneys? The best answer to this ques
tion that" can be made is the testimony of
the thousands of patients who have Seen
cured by it A single demonstration ot a
fact is worth many theories concerning it.
The following letter is a specimen of what
we are receiving from this class of patients:
Gilmek, Texas, July 18, 1891.
The Pe-ru-na Drug Manufacturing Co.,
Columbus, O. Gents: As my medicine has
done me so much good I thought I would
write to you and tell you about it. You can
publish it if you like. I bought 18 bottles
of Fe-ru-na and Man-a-lin, I had Bright's
disease and gravel. I owe my life to Pe-ru-na
and Man-a-lln. I would not have
lived a month longer if it had not been for
your medicine. Yours truly,
H. G. McCttllotjgh.
All persons desiring further details as to
the above cure aro requested to write Mr.
McCuIIough, who will cheerfully answer all
letters of inquiry. There is no form of kid
ney or urinary disease for which Pe-ru-na is
not a reliable remedy. Gravel, catarrh of
the bladder, diabetes, pain or weakness in
the back or hips, dropsy, pufnness of the
face or feet, smarting, scalding or scantiness
are all curable by Pe-ru-na. This remedy
can be obtained at most drugstores. In all
cases where there is also constipation or ir
regularity of the bowels Man-a-Iin should be
taken in addition to Pe-ru-nx
A new publication on diseases.of the kM
neys and all kindred ailments sent free by
The Pe-ru-na Drug Manufacturing Com
pany, Columbus, O.
TWISTIS6 IRON rods;
A Hew Application of Electricity
That Sares Labor and Time.
THEFAN FOR THE STAY-AT-HOMES.
Poking Incandescent Lamp? Into Yarious
farts of the Human lody.
THE0WIXQ DICE BT THE CUEEENT
rWBITTIJT VOIt THE DISFATCB.I
An ontoomo of the increasing use of elec
trical heating is the electrical metal twist
ing machine. This is used in tbe produc
tion of twisted metal bars which are largely
utilized for stair rods, fence pickets, office
partitions, elevators and other ornamental
work. It is found that where the electrio
current is employed for heating bar-shaped
blanks the metal heats from the interior
instead of from the exterior, as in the or
dinary blacksmith's forge; also that there
are no gases introduced into the metal when
it is electrically heated, and consequently
when the blank is twisted no scale is formed
and the metal is left clear and free from
blemishes.
Another point which, under the condi
tions, is a great advantage, is that the bars
retain the electrically produced beat longer
than that of the ordinary surface heatinir
forge. The metal bar to be twisted is held
securely in place by a clamp at each end and
a central clamp. The current is then
switched on, and in a few seconds that por
tion of the metal rod which spans the space
between the clamps is heated to a forging
temperature, while the parts which are
directly in contact with the end clomps re
main cool. As soon as the current is
switched off the central clamp is released
from the bar. A crank at the side of the
machine is then turned, the end of tbe bar
being still held in its clamp, and the rota
tion of this shaft causes the rotation of the
bar. The degree of twisting, which is
effected in an instant, can be accurately
regulated.
Lighting Up the Body.
A small incandescent lamp now made for
ordinary surgical use in examining cavities
is mounted on a thin stem containing a
spiral resistance, by means of which the
brightness of the light can be controlled.
This is used with a smr.ll dynamo, with
storage or with Lecianche battery. One
form of endoscope for searching the
more inaccessible cavities ot the body
is in the form of a catheter or a
rod abont five-sixteenths of an inch
in diameter and between eight and nine
inches long. At the tip is a minute incan
descent lamp, and at a slight bend close to
the end is a reflecting prism which, in con
junction with a focusing arrangement of
minute lenses in the shaft ot the instru-'
ment, enables the surgeon to distinctly see
the illuminated part Thus the bladder,
and even the stomach, mar be thoroughly
looked over for diseased spots. It has long
been known to jugglers thaty tipping the
head well back the route from the mouth to
the stomach becomes practically a straight
line, so nearly so that they can slide down
without injury the straight tube into which
they pass the swords. In the same way the
physician, after first washing the stomach
and filling it with clear water to distend its
walls, can pass down the tube fitted with
tbe miniature lamp and make a complete
search for any abnormal indications. Be
sides these minute lamps Incandescent
lamps of various sizes are being used in sur
gery, especially at the operating table,
where, fitted with suitable adjustments and
reflectors, they are now almost essential
The Telegraph Outdone.
The great increase in the use ot the tele
phone in England is giving much concern to
the Goyernment postoffice, whichjs learfnl
that the.spread ol telephtmyMiiaji interfere
with its telegraph business. That there is
considerable ground for the alarm is certain,
as last year tbe telephone companies in
Great Britian distributed 160,000,000 mes
sages, against a total of 66,000,000 by the
postoffice, but it is hard to guess the nature
of the proposed remedy. The Government
has already a cheap and efficient telegraph
service, and if the people find that even
with such a service at their disposal tho
telephone is better snited to their needs,
thejwill talk. their messages instead of
writing tbem. According to the present
signs the "telepham" will eventually cut
out the "telegram." A French journalist
advertises that he will telephone in his own
language a message of about 400 words for a
guinea (21 shillings), the charge for which
under old conditions by telegraph would
have been 66 shillings, and he evidently
makes a good profit out of the transaction.
Better Than Human ringers.
Some months ago a magnetic separator for
extracting iron and steel from bones, oil
cake, etc, before putting them into grind
ing mills, attracted much attention in Eng
land. This machine baa served its purpose
so well that it is now used for taking
miners' wedges and picks out of coal before
grinding for coke making. It consists of a
hollow Inclined drum, through which the
material is fed. The interior surface pre
sents a series of poles, magnetized through
half a revolution in such a manner as to
pick up and deposit in a tray any magnetio
material. It takes abont ten revolntions
for any particular piece of material to pass
through, and there are ten poles, so 100
chances occur for any piece to be caught It
is stated that through one of these machines,
which has been in use many months, no(
piece of iron has been known to pass, and,
irazments of all sizes, from a hairpin to a
hatchet head, have been extracted.
Gambling by Electricity.
The habitual frequenter of the beer saloon
is often given in a pronounced degree to tha
fascinating practice of "throwing for
drinks." Hitherto his gambling instinct
has been sufficiently appealed to by the act
of shaking the dice box and then making the
fateful throw on the counter, but as the age
is progressive so is this particular method of
coo. netting with Dame Fortune. Instead of
using the head, wrist and arm, tho dice
thrower can now gamble his fortune away,
if need be, by the mere pressure of his
fingers. Many places of public resort are
being supplied with the electrical dice box,
which has five small cupolas of glass, nnder
each of which is seen a single dice. Five
buttons are arranged in front, and when
these are pressed the dice are rapidly re
volved and instantly tall into their new
position.
How to Slake a Breez.
The citizen who from necessity or other
wise clings to his haunts in the height of
summer is coming to realize tB3t a great
consolation has dropped into his life in the
shape of the" electric fan. One has to look
more than once to discover the source of the
grateful breeze. The latest fans give an
almost imperceptible sound and are fitted to
an entirely new attachment Instead of the
usual permanent fixture a globe of metal is
suspended by three chains from the roof
near one of the walls, and insfde this globe
is the motor that works the fan. Tbe latest
application of this godsend to the city man
is to bedrooms. By its use-the most stuffy
room is made endurable without subjectinz
the sleeper to a dangerous draught
Victoria's Two Bracelets.
Queen Viotoria wears two enameled
braclets. The one on her right wrist con
tains a portrait of the Prince Consort, and
that on her left a picture of her youngest
great-grandchild. Ihe Queen says: "On
the right wrist I carry my first and greatest
love, and on the left the last bud that it has
pleased God to allow me to look upon."
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