"4
12
THE HTTSBtJBG DISPATCH, WEDNESDAY, JULY 20, 1892
AMERICAN WONDERS,
An Extensive Field for Ex
plorers Yet on the "West
ern Hemisphere.
A TEIP "DP THE ORINOCO
Fully as Interesting as an Expedi
tion Into Darkest Africa.
MANNERS OP SOUTHERN NATIVES.
Great Simplicity of Toilets and
monial Customs.
Matri-
TIIE GREAT LAKE OF BDENIKQ, PITCH
"Washington-, July 19. "Twelve hun
dred miles Irom the mouth of the Orinoco
river was as far as I extended my explora
tions toward the sources of that great
stream," said Ensign Eoger "Welles, who
has just returned from the region men
tioned. He is the only white man that has
penetrated these wilds, at all events since
the days of the early Spaniards.
"The Orinoco is one of the biggest rivers
in the world, as you may see by glancing at
a map of South America. It is dotted all
along its course with numerous small isl
ands, and its upper waters are obstructed
by many cataracts. During my long journey
toward the sources my canoe had often been
carried overland around impassable falls.
By the time one reaches the Bio Jleta,
which is the largest tributary of the
Orinoco, navigation is further interfered
oith by the wild and savage Indians, who
use poison and arrows, so that traders who
buy and sell goods along the stream anchor
the sailing scows out in the middle of it at
sight, keeping guard with, rifles against
possible surprise.
Toilets Not Very Elaborate.
"In that part of the country and beyond
toward the interior, whither I penetrated,
nakedness is the rule among the natives,
neither men nor women wearing anything
besides a loin cloth of the most restricted
dimensions. Here is one of the loin cloths,
which represents the height of fashion as to
dress among those people. You see it is
but a rectangular scrap of beadwerk fas
tened by a string. The bead work, however,
is Tery beautitul, being done in an exquis
ite pattern. Two hundred miles beyond
the mouth of the Bio Meta the Infrida
river enters the Orinoco. I started up that
stream with my canoe loaded with trinkets
lor exchange with the natives, who live in
a condition of extreme savagery, although
they are amiably disposed and usually
harmless. Theygo entirely nude, save lor
theloin cloths, as I have described, and get
ineir subsistence Dy hunting ana ashing,
chiefly the latter.
"I was much interested in their method
of taking fish by the use of the bow and
arrow. Por this purpose they employ ar
rows six. feet in length, made of reeds tipped
with iron. While a canoe is paddled gently
along in the shallows a marksman stands
ready with his arrow on the string of the
bow. As soon as a large fish is seen, if the
approach can be made within range, the ar
row is let fly, and rarely ails to strike the
prey. These Indians liunt with blowguns
made out of the young stalks of a certain
kind of palm, from which the pith is re
moved. The arrows employed as projectiles
are t imply splinters ot reed, sharpened at
one end, the other end being wrapped with
enough silk cotton obtained from another
kind ot palm to fill up the bore of the blow
gnn. The arrows are about ten inches long
and very light. They are tipped with the
famous and deadly Voorari' poison. Used
by one ot these naked savages, the blowgun
is a weapon of great accuracy and effective
ness, even a small bird on a tree being
brought down by the skilled sharpshooter
with reasonable certainty at the firs't try.
Manners or the Aborigines.
These primitive aborigines dwell in huts
built of palm leaves mostly. Each family
has its little garden patch, which is chiefly
devoted to raising the root from which
cassava is made. They depend upon this
root almost entirely lor food, apart lrom
what they get by hunting and fishing. It
is prepared by grating to begin with. The
grater employed is of the most primitive
possible description, being simply a plank
with perforations, small, sharp pieces of
flint being inserted in the holes. Being re
duced to a sort of meal by rubbing on this
grater, the cassava is pressed U- jet the
water out of it, because the root is as watery
as the potato. Then it is sifted and formed
lor cooking into what looks like an enor
mous griddle cake two or three feet in
diameter. The cake is baked on a flat piece
of earthenware of corresponding size.
"An Indian will go off for a week's hunt
ing with no other food than a quantity of
cassava prepared in this fashion. I myself
was obliged to live upon it almost wholly
for months. At first I did not find it pal
atable, but after a while I acquired the taste
and became quite lond of it. The chief
trouble was that it was cooked on the bare
ground, and always contained a considera
ble percentage of dirt. However, one must
not be too particular about one's diet when
traveling in the wilds. These savages are
quite cleanly, so lar as bathing is concerned,
but their habits ol living, otherwise, are not
such as to promote the virtue which is next
to godliness. So far as the virtue of the
women is concerned. I shouli say that it
was of a hijh order. Some of them are fairly
good looking and have excellent figures, but
their comeliness is nearly always spoiled by
badly decayed teeth.
Simplicity of Matrimonial Method.
"I assisted unintentionally in quite a ro
mance on one occasion. When my canoe
was on the point of leaving a native village,
where we had been sojourning, a young In
dian girl seemed to be considerably agitated,
and manifested an evident desire to ac
company me. My pilot, against my wish,
permitted her to get aboard, and she came
with us down the stream to our next halt
ing place. Shortly after our next landing
the mother of the girl made her appearance
in a canoe, having followed ns to get back
her daughter, whom she took awav with
her. The pilot was very melancholy after
this occurrence, and subsequently confessed
to me that he had brought the young lady
away for the purpose of making her his
wife.
"Matrimonial methods are extremely
simple among these natives. "When a young
man and young woman wish to marry they
go to housekeeping together, and that is all
there is of it Often a youth of one village
will woo and win a maiden of a village
hundreds of miles distant along the river.
As a rule they seem to enjoy as uninter
rupted a domestic felicity as civilized
couples obtain. The Indians are gradually
retiring toward the higher sources of the
Orinoco because of the harsh and dishonest
treatment which they receive at the hands
of the white men and halt-castes of "Vene
zuela. They can never get fair prices for the
cassava which they produce and sell to
the Venezuelans. Cassava is an important
fpod of the poorer classes all through Vene
zuela, being ground by machines in facto
ries. Among the curiosities which I ob
tained from these savages are a number of
interesting musical instruments, such as
reed flutes and drums made out ot a kind of
corkwood. I Intended to speak of the re-,
markable pattern in which the headwork of
the loin cloths is always made. This pat
tern, as you will observe, is in a geometric
form peculiarly Greek, and the mystery is
where these people got it from. 2ot least
strange is the fact that the cassava graters
are always made with the sharp pieces of
flint arranged in precisely the saraedesign,
which doubtless had some original signifi
cance long lost even to tradition. "
A rake of Burning Pitch.
"While on the wonders of the lands to the
south of us it ii well to mention that the
asphalt barks from the "West Indies are
about the only vessels outside the coasting
schooners that ever favor Washington with
a visit. Two ot them are now lying off the
wharfatthefootof New Hampshire ave
nue, and are well worth a visit.
Down in the hold of the cargo looks like
the edge of a dead lava field, black and
seamed, and apparently as bard as rock; but
the hardness is deceptive. Break up a
bushel of the "pitch," as it is known to the
trade, and pile the fragments on top of the
big asphalt field which fills the whole of
the lower deck, and by to-morrow morning
they would disappear, sunken slowly back
into the parent mass. This slow-running
quality makes the cargo one of the most
detested among the captains in the island
trade, for when the ship has been listed over
to port or starboard for a couple of davs,
while running before a strong wind, the
whole cargo will quietly shift over and have
to be broken up and trimmed back to its
proper position to keep the ship on even
keel.
Trinidad, the island from which practi
cally all the asphalt of the world is now
drawn, is a British possession in the West
Indies. It was one of the little spots of
terra rma against which Columbus ran
when, in 1498, he pushed his explorations
further westward in search of that mariners'
phantasm, the northwest passage. The
island was then inhabited solely by Caribs,
a wild and warlike but withal intelligent
race, not unlike the North American In
dians, peculiar in their language, which,
like the Choctaw of our own Western tribe,
has been mastered by few if any white men.
For many years the island remained a
neglected dependency of Spain, with a con
stantly dwindling population, mostlv na
tives and imported negroes. In 1797 it
passed into the hands ot the British Gov
ernment, and has remained an English col
ony since.
Only Two Towns of Importance.
There are hut two towns of Importance on
the island, Port of Spain and San Fernando.
These lire mostlv by their imports, the
chief productions of the island beyond its
own necessities being asphalt and cocoanuts.
The sugar crop is large, but at the present
prices it does not pay to export it. The
population of the towns is mixed. English
is the court language, but the majority of
the people are negroes, descendants of the
old slave stock, who talk apatoisof mingled
French, Spanish and English that is de
scribed as the "most back-handedest lingo"
any heathen ever invented. The nezroes
are, like those of the United States, begin
ning to feel their freedom, and on the
strength of it getting the big head in the
second and third generation. The resident
whites designate them as "sassy" and as a
class unbearable when they hare risen above
the stage of picking asphalt. This is true
of all but the French negroes -from Mar
tinique and the adjacent tricolor provinces,
who by long association have acquired the
suave manner of their former owners, and
are all of tbem fit instructors for an ordi
nary dancing master. Among them im
politeness is unxown.
Some of the original Caribs are still to be
found among the island people, but thev
are rapidly disappearing, and in their place
is now seen the imported coolie. The
coolie trade, which was originally instituted
to furnish cheap labor for the plantations,
was in former times a terrible disgrace to
me isianas ana partooc ot more than all the
horrors of the African slave trade. Thou
sands of the miserable Asiatics were sacri
ficed in the business by the greed and in
humanitv of the masters.who brought them
over, and, although imported under the
guise of a labor contract, not one in hun
dreds of them ever lived to return home.
Stringent laws governing the traffic are now
enacted, however, and, what is more to the
purpose, are well enforced, and many of the
coolies by the time they have seryed tLeir
eight years' contract out are well-to-do citi
zens, being paid for their work by the
piece and saving nearly all they earn.
The Chler Wonder and Attraction.
The great pitch lake, which is the chief
wonder and attraction of the island, is
situated in a low, sandy stretch of the
southwest coast, near Cape Corbaray. The
surrounding country is low and malarial, in
striking contrast to the high hills and rich
woodlands of the coast further back. The
lake is owned by the British Government
and leased by it to the Barber Asphalt
Company, an American firm of immense
capital, which controls the trade for the
United States. Their present lease has 42
years yet to run. The laborers are all
negroes, even the coolies shrinking from the
heat and low fevers of the place. The lake
itself is about a mile in diameter, hard at
the edges, and softening toward the middle.
The suface is continually changing, appar
ently irom some snoierranean aotlon, and
little oases of dry land, and even trees and
shrubs will disappear in a single night, and
fresh islands or soil will be reared in other
places.
The lake is in all probabilitv ttierelv an
unusually large deposit of bitumen or soft
coal that has undergone a transformation
from decaying vegetable matter in contact
with water, and too near the snrface of the
earth pressure above to harden it thorough
ly. Hundreds of negroes the year round
toil at the lake's edge, taking out cargo
after cargo from the supply that seems
never to diminish. They work under over
seers of their own color, and are paid at the
rate of 72 cents a day. The asphalt crust is
broken up with picks and crowbars, and is
loaded on dump carts, drawn by a single
sun-dried mule, in whom the constant boil
ing temperature seems to have concentrated
all the native meanness of his species. The
carts crunch through a long sandy road
down to the wharf at the water's edge,
where the load is dumped and carried by
wheelbarrows on board the lighters, which
in turn carry it out to the ships, lying a
half mile out in the shoal water. The
rough lumps of pickings are hoisted on
board in baskets and piled in the hold,
where they sink down into a compact mass,
requiring a fresh filling the next day, and
so on till the solid cargo is completed.
To-Klghtl
If yon are troubled with Itching, bleedinar,
blind or protudlng piles, trv Hill's Pile
Pomade. Direct mode of application, and
the only pile remedy with a printed guar
antee with each paccnge. Satisfaction or
money refunded. Price SI, six for 5$. By
mail. Try it to-nhtht. For sate by Joseph
Fleming & Son, 412 Market street. a
VI hat Alkali (Till Do.
A drop of alkali (concentrated lye)
dropped upon clothes will eat a hole In the
cloth, a drop on the skin will raise a blister,
a diop upon paint will destroy it. Free al
kali In soap will do all or these, but da them
so slowly and secretly that yon do not know
where to put the nlame.
Walker's Family Soap will not injure
clothes or Irritate the skin, at It contains no
free alkali. It la used by the Pennsylvania
Railroad Company to wash the paint on
their cars, on account of its freedom from
alkali. Ask yourgrocerfor.it. It costs no
more than other soaps. xwr
Saved a Woman's Xlte.
Mr. J. E. Thoroughgood, writing from
Georgetown, Del, says: "Two teaspoonsful
of Chamberlain's Colic, Cholera and Dl
arrhcea Eemedy saved the life of Mrs. Jane
Thomas, ot this place." He also states that
several other very bad cases of bowel com
plaitit there have been cured by this remedy.
For sale by druggists. Tuwihsu
IOK SCNSTKOKE v
Cse Borsfnrd's Acid Phosphate.
Dr. A I Zurker, Melrose, Minn., aays: -'It
produced u gratifying and remarkable re
generating effect In a case of sunstroke. V
Eicornlon V1h thi Plctnrenqnn II. & O. R. II,
To Atlantic City, via Washl ngton Baltimore
and l'hiladelphta,'on Thursday, July 23, 1892.
Kate CIO the round trip; tickets good for It
days from day of sale an d good tn atop off at
Washington City returning. Trains with
Pullman parlor and sleeping can will leave
RtO. depot, Pittsburg, at 8 A. v. and 930
T. M.
We pack and store fnrnlture.
Hauob St Keeiuw, S3 Water street,
wsu
INDIANS AT THE FAIR.
i
Tribes of Aborigines as Columbus
Saw Tbem to Be Exhibited,
ALL LIVING IN NATIVE FASHION.
To Be a Complete Ethntlogfcal Show of
Great Historic Value.
ETEN PATAGONIANS WILL BE THERE
Chicago, July 19. Along the shores of
a little bay that reaches into Jackson Bark
from Lake Michigan, near the southern
limits of the World's Fair grounds, will be
grouped one of the most striking features
of the Columbian Exposition. Visitors to
the Fair who walk along the shore of this
bay will find groups of native American
peoples, arranged geographically and living
under normal conditions in their native
habitations.
It is intended to show by this peculiar
exhibit the life of all distinctive triBes in
habiting the Western hemisphere when
Columbus landed for the first .time. For
nearly a year a number of special agents
have been working among the tribes of
Eskimo, red Indians in the West, and the
uncivilized tribes in the wild regions of
Central South America. ' They have now
secured native families that will represent
savage life from pole to equator and from
equator to pole. The chain is complete.
These savages will live .in their peculiar
habitations, on the Exposition gronnds and
carry on their native manufactures just as
tbey would at home. It is 'estimated that
200 savages will be camped along the little
bay. This exhibit, for it is not to be a wild
West show in any sense' of the term, is to be
a part of the department of ethnology and
archaeology, which is to illustrate early man
and the conditions under which he lived.
A Regular Ethnographical Department.
That section of the exhibit which is de
voted to living descendants of the natives of
the Western hemisphere is called, techni
cally, tne etnnograpmcai exnihit, and on
the principle that greater interest centers in
animate beings than in inanimate objeots, it
will perhaps be the most interesting feature
of the department, although in reality a
subordinate one. Prof. F. W. Putnam has
immediate charge of the preparations that
have been made for bringing these savages
to the Fair. He is chief of the department
of ethnology, and occupies the same chair
in Harvard College. Prof. Putnam hai se
cured a strip of ground 200 feet wide and
1,000 feet long for the habitations of the
tribal representatives who are to be brought
to the Fair.
"We have now made arrangements,"
said Prof. Putman vesterday, "by which
these families of native peoples will live
npon the Exposition grounds in their na
tive habitations and customs, carrying on
their aboriginal . manufactures, and in
fact conducting themselves just as they
would in the'wilds of their own homes, if
indeed suoh people can be said to have
fixed homes. We have made every effort
to bring together the full-blooded natives
in each case, sons to show, the actual de
scendants ot the people who were living on
our continent 400 years ago. The work of
getting these people has been attended bv
some danger and no little expense, but I
am confident that the exhibit will prove to
be worth all the energy and money that have
been expended in its collection.
Efforts rbr Voluntary Indian Exhibits.
"We have offered every possible induce
ment to native tribes in North, South and
Central America to make their own exhi
bits at the Fair,that is to come at their own
expense and depend upon the sale of their
peculiar trinkets for sufficient revenue to
meet the outlay. In some cases this will
he done, in others we will have to bring the
natives to Chicago ourselves, while in still
other cases they will be sent by the govern
ments oi wnicu tney are subjects. These
representatives will embrace families of
Eskimo, Indian tribes of British Columbia
and of various parts of the United States, a
family of Myas from Yucatan, famous for
their potterr making: a family of Mosanito
Indians from the Mosquito coast of Central
America and natives of Guatemala. We
will also have from Venezuela a typical
family living in the peculiar houses which
they build upon platforms over the water,
in manner similar to the houses built by
the ancient pile dwellers of the Swiss lakes.
In their native, wildj these tribes paddle
out in the lakes or streams for miles and
cut off trunks of trees a few feet above the
water. On these stumps they erect their
houses. That Is their way of fortifying
themselves against Invasion of adjoining
hostile tribes, and it is their method ot se
curing protection from beasts of the forest.
"We will also have from the northern
coast of Central America representatives of
the Telamaques in their native simplicity.
From Paraguay we will have a number of
Guaranias, the latter weaving the most del
icate and beautiful lace imaginable from
the fibers of palm and other vegetable fiber.
Native Manufactures ot Colombia.
"Then we will also have three families
from Colombia engaged in their aboriginal
manufactures, such as the production of
shoes and garments from fiber. From tbe
northern and southern boundaries of Brazil
we will get two distinctive families, which,
like all the others, will live exactly as they
were'when our exploring expeditions found
them. '
"It mar be a matter of some interest to
know that we have also completed arrange
ments for several families' of Caribs, the
lowest of the races of people that met Col
umbus on our shores. From Bolivia and
Peru are coming families' ot Atnyras and
Quicbs. ' These are the descendants of the
people whom Pizzarro met in Peru more
than 300 years ago. From the district
further south we, will get a family of Pata
gonians, and, probably, a family of Terra
del Fuegans, lowest ot all in the scale of
hnmanity. In all cases these simple people
will bring their own habitations with them.
"These houses or tents, or whatever they
may be, will not be constructed especially
for the Exposition, but they will be torn
down in tbe countries now inhabited by
the savages and shipped to Chicago just as
they are, so that the actual habitations will
be secured. Probably the most interesting
habitation that any ot the savages will put
up will be a -small pueblo of the Moqui
Indians from Arizona. They will build a
typical structure of stone, and in it about 20
Indians will live and carry on the work of
making pottery, weaving and basket-making.
In all three of these lines the Moquis
have attained great pronciency. as well as
in loom-weaving. This exhibit in itself
will prove a most interesting and instruc
tive one as showing the development of
native arts among tne Indian tribes of our
own.country.
The Qoota From British Columbia.
"The other tribes orthe United States will
be represented by families of 'distinctive
stocks, great care being taken in every in
stance to seoure representative families.
From the regions of British Columbia we
have already arranged to bring 13 Indians
who represent three or four distinct tribes.
With them will come one ofjhe great wooden
houses from Vancouver. It is now on the
way to Chicago. This bouse is elaborately
carved after a fashion peculiar to the In
dians of that section.
"Of course a great many of the tribes that
will be represented at the Fair pay little
attention to industrial affairs. They live by
the chase or from tbe product-" of streams.
Many of the people, therefore, who live
along shores of lakes or near rivers, become
expert boatmen. These fill bring their pe
culiar canoes and boats ,of various designs
and paddle around in the little bay just as
though they were engaged in their ordinary
pastime. I imagine the effeot produced by
scores oi lime oaru buvovibk across tne
lagoon will be picturesque and interesting.
"We hays been very much annoyed.
Prof. Putnam coutlnueo, "by" statements
made from time to time that this feature of
our exhibit would partake somewhat of the
character of what has come to be known as
a wild west show. I am very sorry that any
sueh impression has gone abroad, for it is
far from our intention to (permit anything
of the sort. These Indians and other native
people will simply carry on their native
industries and continue their home customs.
They may participate in various ceremonies
peculiar to eaeh tribe, but we shalljrternly
repress anything that savors of the savagery
of a wild west performance. Our purpose
is to show these people in a thoroughly
soientifie way and in a manner that will not
degrade tbem.
Tt hat TTlll Be Shown In-DoorS.
"Now this is merely tbe out-of-door
feature of our exhibit. We have, as you
know, been given the entire north half of
the gallery of the great manufacturers
building. It contains, I believe, something
like 16,000 square feet or more. In this we
shall snow objects of man's handiwork from
the earliest days down to (he present time.
These exhibits will be arranged geologic
ally, the object being to show thegradual
evolution of the industrial arts. We have
sent expeditions to open mounds and burial
places and ancient village sites and shell
heaps and to explore caves and cliff houses
and old pueblos all over the Western Hem
isphere. From these different sources and
from ancient rnins in Central and South
America we have secured objects illustrat
ing the mode of life centuries ago. We
hare dug up mummies and unearthed
skeletons and with them objects that were
buried at the same time. These are now
packed ready for shipment to Chicago. In
order to show the phases of prehistoric life
on the continent, models of the most dis
tinctive earthworks and mounds will be
prepared from carefully made plans and
sketches. The great earthworks of Ohio,"
in which are combined squares, octagons,
circles and other figures, often of large size,
will be represented in this way as well as
the different kinds of monnds, such as the
great mound at Cahokia, 111., nearly 100
feet high, and the famous serpent mound of
Ohio, an earth structure, 1,400 feet long.
The largest anoient fortification in this
country will be represented in the same
manner, as will also the Turner and Hope
well groups, both illustrating the sacred
structures of an extinct people.
Hurvard Will Help the Exhibit.
"We have been largely assisted in this
feature of our work by the different State
boards fend, historical societies, whioh have
worked in conjunction with our expedi
tions. Ail the material collected this year
by the expeditions sent to Honduras bv the
Peabody Museum of Harvard College will
pe lent to tne world's jj'air. Tnls material
is of great historic value. Models are being
made of the immense monoliths and altars
existing among tbe ancient ruins of Copan,
and many interesting specimens have
already been obtained to illustrate the arts
and customs of the unknown but once pow
erful people who designed and erected these
massive stone structures, liberally orna
mented with figures in high relief and
strange hieroglyphs. By comparing casts,
models, photographs -and objects from dif
ferent localities the customs and habits of
the prehistoric peoples of the continent can
be compared with one another and with
those ot later times, and the distribution,
migration and connection of the various
peoples can be traced.
"We have now in the field securing these
collections about 100 men. Most of them
are graduate students who are pursuing
studies in different universities in kindred
departments to ours. These students make
the investigations for us for their essential
expenses. George A. Dorsey, who has rep
resented the department in Peru, South
America, for over a year, has just forwarded
to us a number of fine collections embraced
in 75 large cases. These specimens illus
trate the ancient civilization of that coun
try. Now, of course, you know that all of
these collections are to become the property
of the city of Chicago after the Exposition
and to serve as the nucleus of the great
museum of natural history that is to be es
tablished in this city. The collections
which we have secbred are of great value.
They exceed bv far the cost of their collec
tion and will give Chicago the foundation
for one of the greatest museums in the
country."
A VEEY STINGY HAH.
Though Rich, lie Tnrns Envelopes Inside
Our, and Uses Them a Second Tim-.
One of the worst stories of extreme par
simony on record comes from Uniontown.
A young man "from that place in the city
yesterdoy, said that some time ago he wrote
to a wealthy citizen of Green county who
owned land in Uniontown, -asking him for
his price on a lot. In a few davs he re
ceived a reply in a curious looking envelope:
He examined it carefully and found that
the envelope was turned inside out.
Making a closer inspection he discovered
that it was the one he had sent the Greene
county man. Since then he has had several
of his envelopes returned in the same way.
The Greene county citizen was too stingy
to buy envelopes," though worth not less
than $10,000. The Uniontown man re
marked that it was not much wonder that
some people got rich. He.added that it was
a pity there is a law against using postage
stamps the second time."
FIltEt SMOKE! WATEBt
Another Monster fire Sale Started Tuesday
Mornlnr. July 19, at 8 O'clock t De
structive Fir Once More Gives Ton a
Chance to Bny Clothing for Let Thin
One-Third Its Valoe P. C. (T.C., Corner
Grant and Diamond Streets.
All day Monday and all Monday night our
great troop of salespeople were as busy as
ees getting in shape all tbe goods that were
only slightly damaged by smoke and water
aud marking them at prices you never
heard of before. And now we are leady
with a peerless, matohless and most won
derful fire sale of fine clothing, never before
attempted on such a gigantlo scale in the
United States. You don't know what bar
gains are until you visit our great flro sale.
Like a mighty cyclone through our vast es
tablishment prices have been i-wept
away and leavo slightly oamased
men's fine clothing to be car
ried away for nearer nothing than
anything ever offered in the history of the
clothing trade. Who wants to buy any
clothing? You don't need a big pocket
book. Come to this sale and we will open
your eyes. Stirring scenes. The wiluest
excitement will prevail to-day when our
doors are thrown open to the pnbllc Not
only here in Plttsuurjr, but the whole
western portion of Pennsylvania is bound
to be at fever heat within twenty-lour
hours after this announcement reaches the
ears of the people. This colossal Are sale
la without doubt full of thegieatest values
in medium and heavy-weight men's suits
and overcoats ever offered by anyone on
the face of this globe. Here you are. An
absolute necessity. Articles that no
man can do without offered 'for
one-third less than the cost of manufacture
because tbey are only slightly damaged.
Ihey must surely be bargains. Head the list
of prices and see what we offer at this won
deiful flro sale of slishtlv damaged cloth
ing. Men's black fancy worsted suits
at a w, worm siu. wen's cutaway worsted
dress suite worth $10 of anyone's money;
you can buy them nt this great fire sale for
(8 85. Men's black .Prince Albert coats and
vests, greatest value iu America, $3 05.
worth SJO. Men's cheviot suits, 20 different
shades, $7 77, worth $23. Men's silk mixed
cassimere irock suits, ft 62, worth $24. Eng
lish ijhitow wale dress suits, very dressy
uatments, SS 73, worth $25. Men's plain dark
suits anu inixea worsteds aua cueviots at
ft 44, worth $12. Llack hockanums,
bound or plain, imported mix
tures, at $7 ii, wortn $21 Men's
English plaid vlounas and other imported
fabrics, (9 95, worth $27. Boys' suits at
78 cents, worth S3. Boys' striped and mixed
casslmeres, sizes 4 to 14, fl 20 and Si 47. Boys'
long pants suits, sizes 13 to 19, plain dark
colors, S3 27. worth $7. Boys' all-wool obeok
eied suits, nobby plaids and mixtures, at
12 42, worth $6 SO. Men's overcoats at $4 43
worth $12. These garments are heavy winter
coats, long cut, with a silk velvet collar, and
we hare them in black; brown and blue.
Overcoats, medium weight, and ulsters in
great profusion. It will positively pay you
to buy these goods now at this flro sae and
lay them aside for future use. ltemember.
we could mention a thousand wonderful bar
gains, only slizhtly damaged, but we have
given you a good idea of what .yon can net
at our stores, commencing Tuesday morn
ing, July 19, at 8 o'clock, and continuing
from day to day until we have sold every
garment in the douse. P. C. C U,
Clothiers, cor. Urant and Diamond sts.
Da Witt's Little Karly fillers. So griping,
no pain, no nauseai taay pill to take...
A FIGHT FOR FREEDOM.
The Sturdy Norwegians Straggling
in the Throes of Liberty.
DISSATISFIED WITH ' SWEDEN,
Thej Desire to'FstaWlsh a Republic of Their
Own Wannfactnre.
WORK OP BJORNSTJERNE PJORNSON.
A few days ago a cable dispatch told of
the resignation of the Norwegian cabinet,
says the Boston Berali. Immediately fol
lowing it came advices from Stockholm an
nouncing that Sweden would resist any at
tempt at dissolving the union on the part
of Norway, even threatening, it necessary,
to Invade the latter country with an armed
foree.
The long and bitter political conflict be
tween these two far-away countries, which
is barely intimated in the cablegrams, has
received but scant attention on this side of
the Atlantic. Yet it is of the greatest in
terest to the intelligent observer of the
political development ot European coun
tries. It is, in a measure, a struggle for
liberty not unlike that of the founders of
our Republics. It alms at vesting the peo
ple with rights and privileges that have
ueeu usurped dv a oureaucracy and Kings.
The strife is fast approaching its culmina
tion, and the latest events proclaim in un
mistakable tones the dawn of a new re
public. Additional interest is lent this
coming event when it is remembered that
during these years of battle and democratic
rule the-Norwegian reformers have drunk
inspiration and sought ideals from the his
tory of the United States.
And, furthermore, thousands of their
countrymen who have founded new homes
throughout this land there is hardly a fam
ily in Norway without its American repre
sentativehave with one accord voiced the
blessings of universal suffrage and a gov
enment by the people.
Chief Factors In the Straggle.
The potent influence which these have
wielded, both personally and through com
munication of different kinds, especially
among the farming classes, cannot easily be
overestimated, and has been a principal
factor in rousing the home people to wage
war for political freedom. The Constitu
tion of 1814 gave Norway a ssparate Parlia
ment, witn lull legislative independence.
The right of appointing to office was vested
in the King, and for along time exercised
by him in rather an arbitrary manner.
Later it was understood that all appoint
ments should be made in accordance with
the wishes of the cabinet.
Before long it was felt bv some that, In,
the oyes of Sweden and" 'their common'
king, Norway was simply regarded as a
province, enjoying certain privileges. This
view of the matter was eminently satisfac
tory to the office-holding class, in whose
hands all political power lay during the
first half of the century. Then arose that
intrepid spokesman for the people who led
them on to tbe first victory, in their strife
to obtain greater independence and a voice
in national affairs. His name was John
Sverdrup, a man wonderfully endowed as a
thinker and orator a- born leader. To him
the Liberals of Norway owe their chlcfest
thanks.
At every step toward reform and progres
sive measures, he, with the others, met
with the strong opposition of the office
holding class, including all functionaries of
the state church. The fight first centered
about certain proposed changes in the Con
stitution trial by jury, extension of the
suffrage and representation of the cabinet in
the Storthing.
The King's Veto Always at Band.
Every measure affecting the constitution
was met with a veto by the King. It was
contended that the 'constitution itself
granted him the privilege of an absolute, or
final, veto .in all matters pertaining to the
constitution. He endeavored to exercise it,
and was sustained by his Ministers. This
eventually led to the imneachment of the
Selmer Cabinet in 188a They were tried
by a court composed of a part of the Storth
ing and the Judges of the Supreme Bench.
Day after day the weary trial dragged
along. The excitement was Intense. Load
cries of treason filled the air, and when
King Oscar rode through the streets of
Christiana his smiles and bows received an
almost silent recognition.
Selmer, th& Prime Minister, together
with his whole Cabinet, was found guilty,
deprived of office and condemned to pay a
fine. The little prim man, who so long
had been a barrier to political progress in
Norway, rode In state with head erect and
proud mein to the Parliament building to
hear his sentence. The surging crowd eyed
him with silent contempt A little later he
emerged, a trembling, aged man he had
been disgraced for life.
It may be remarked, in this connection,
that all the Judges of the Supreme Bench
voted for his acquittal. This 'was the first
great victory of the Liberal party.or the Left,
as it is called. Loud mutterings were heard
in Sweden over tbu event, but the weak
minded King Oscar "bit in the sour apple"
and appointed his bitterest 'adversary,
Sverdrup, Prime Minister. Thus parliamen
tarism was introduced, together with other
innovations. Not content with the com
pletest independence in all matters pertain
ing to home government, the Norwegians
now demsnd equal representation with the
Swedes in all relations of their country' to
foreign nations.
Slight of Special Treaties Demanded.
Hitherto all negotiations with other Gov
ernments have been conducted by the
Swedish Minister ot State. -Norway now
demands independence in her foreign rela
tions, the right of special treaties with other
nations and her own consular representa
tives. The 'refusal of the King to sanction
tne latter led to the resignation ol the ateen
Ministry a week ago.
step by step tne Norwegians have moved
toward a complete severance of all political
ties which still bind, tbem to Sweden. With
separate military and naval establishments,
parliamentary rule and an extended suf
frage which will soon become universal,
Norway needs only a free hand in handling
foreign questions to be a Bepublio in all
but the name. Of the King's prestige and
power only a faint shadow remains.
Threats to cut off tbe royal appanage
have recently been made by highly influ
ential members of the Storthing. If he
thereby could secure lasting peace, King
Oscar would, no doubt, gladly consent to
any such arrangement He' could well
afford it, too, for his fortune, a part of which
i? invested infrew York real estate, is esti
mated at over $23,000,000.
Emboldened by their success, the leaders
of the Lett do not hesitate any longer to
declare openly for a republic; Foremost
among these stand the statuesque giant, the
poet and statesman, Bjornstjerne Bjornson,
whose mighty voice and fierce eloquence
have been instrumental in leading the peo
ple to victory in so many nolltical battles.
And, in truth, they haye been battles.
Bot Blood of the Vikings Crops Mat.
The hot blooa of the vikings stilt flows in
the veins of the people of Norway. Though
unlike our own citizens they rarely have
resorted to physical violence at elections,
and feelings have run high, and the lines
between the warring factions are drawn as
taut as between Tory and Socialist.
Families have been separated, and life
long friends become estranged through
differences, of opinion in political matters.
What opposition still remains to the new
and coming order of things is chiefly com
posed of memberi of the old bureaucracy
and plutocracy. But it is dne to them to
say that some of the reasons advanoed by
them against the establishment of a Nor
wegian Bepublio are worthy of heed.
Ihe poverty of the country would make
It hard to bear the increased expenditures
of the inevitably more costly republican
form of government. Bussia looks with
covetous eyes at the splendid harbors of the
western' ooast of Norway, and.would snatch
at any favorable opportunity to seize them.
A dissolution of the Union would naturally
be welcomed by Bussia as sueh an oppor
tunity. Sweden feels that, with Norway a
Bepuollc, its own existence is rendered pre
carious. She, too, fears the Bnssian bear,
whose claws she remembers so well from
former encounters. What forcible resist
ance Sweden wonld offer, in the event of a
declaration of a Norwegian Bepublio, is
bpen to conjecture.
The Common Foe Forgotten.
The two people, though so closely related
by blood, are sufficiently Inimical and jeal
ous of each other to forget their common
foe. While it is hardly probable that the
Swedes would march an army into Norway,
there is enough certain trouble ahead to
make people apprehensive. However all
this may be, it is safe to say that the time
ispot distant when a monarchy, "by the
grace of God," will be a matter of history
only in the land of the midnight sun. Tbe
effeot of such a happening will be far reach
ing, and especially strongly felt in Den
mark, where the political troubles threaten
great upheavals, and, above all, in Sweden.
In both these countries republican agita
tors are awake, and actively disseminating
the gospel of freedom taught them by the
United States.
RIVER IMPROVEMENTS
Discussed at length in a Report of the Mis-
sisslppl Commission The Ite Floods
and the Extra Work They Have Given
the Government.
Washington, July 18. The Missis
sippi Biver Commission has submitted its
report to the Secretary of War, giviar a
detailed statement of the work accom
plished in the improvement of the river
during the past year and the plan of work
laid out for the present year. Since the last
annual report there have been no additional
appropriations or legislation affecting tbe
commission. The distribution of appro
priations of lost year, as given in the last
report, has been modified by the transfer of
various sums from one object to another
from time to time during the vear, as the
demand for funds in the various branches of
the work become more or less pressing.
The present high water has caused two
new breaks in the river, near Memphis,
which will be repaired during the coming
season. Caving' continues slowly along the
bluff further down stream. It seems prob
able that further extension of the revetment
at Greenville may be necessary in the
future, and the work at Lake Providence
reach is to be extended during the coming
season. Near Vicksburg the bank con
tinues to cave slowly, and the revetment
will have to be extended in the future.'
Some Blver Improvement Hampered.
The execution of the project for improve
ment of the Bed and Atchatalaya rivers is
much hampered by the danger of tempor
arily obstructing navigation. The offer of
the shipping interests to relinquish the use
of the 'old channel at Turnbult Island will
probably be accepted by the commission
meanwhile dredging will be resumed. The
spur dikes at New Orleans are all in good
condition, and appear to be accomplishing
the object for whieh they were designed.
The construction of additional spurs is con
templated. It seems that the maximum strain has
been placed upon the levees that they will
have to bear this' year, and that little, if
any, further damage will suffer by the re
cent floods. The levees require an expendi
ture of several million dollars to put them
in a state of reasonable security against
great floods, and that they should have
yielded in places during the highest flood
heretofore recorded is to be taken as a mat
ter of course.
Some Devices tn Bad Odor.
In referring to the improvement of the
river channel the Commission condemns all
devices which rely exclusively upon the
current of the river for carrying away the
excavated material, and also condemns all
appliances of small capacity, such as the
dredgers usually employ.
The Commission is considering the pro
priety of building a dredge of a capacity
sufficient to remove the material bodily,
and which can be easily moved from place
to place, but are hampered by tbe great
deal ot such an appliance.
-The obstructions during the low
water season were greatest
above Cairo. Tbe balance on band, money,
May 31, 1892, was (986,375, distributed as
follows: Levees, 178,118: channel works,
(314,867; harbors and bank protection, $281,
116; Bed and Atachafalaya rivers, (89,871;
surveys, etc,, (57,084, and plant and mis
cellaneous, (165,317.
A CHANCE TO VOTE
Asked by the Residents of the New Four
teenth Ward of Allegheny City A
Physician Sacs the Employer of His
Patients Conn News.
City Solicitor Elphlnstone, of Allegheny,
yesterday filed a petition in the Quarter
Sessions Court in'bebalf of tbe electors of
the Fourteenth ward, Allegheny. 'It is
stated that on March 29, 1892, the Councils
,of Allegheny annexed to the city as the
Fourteenth ward a portion of Beserre
township. The new ward contains about
175 taxables and more than 100 voters, a
majority oi whom belong to the liepubllcan
party. Tbe ward has no election officers,
assessor, alderman or constable and has not
been formed into an election district. In
order, therefore, that the voters may not be
deprived of their votes at the coming elec
tion, the court is asked to designate a poll
ing place and appoint election officers.
To seeure this the appointment ot com
missioners to inquire into the necessity of
it and report to court is first asked. Judge
Magee appointed as such commissioners,
James Hunter, Frank Tertig'and Valentine
Gast.
BUTT AQAIKSX AH EMPLOYES
Brought by a Physician to Recover for
Profession! Services.
Dr. George P. Bossman yesterday en
tered suit against Morris Hoas to recover
(272 due for professional services. Dr.
Bossman states that in January, 1892,
Nathan Boyce and Harry Dietrich, em
ployers of Hoas, were severely injured by
the fall of the scaffold on which they were
working. They were taken to the South-
side hospital and Dr. Bossman attended
them, Hoas promising to pay him for his
services. In addition- to other injuries
Dietrich had both wrists and one elbow
broken, and Bovce both arms and one knee.
The bill is (272 which Hoas is asked to pay.
little gal Briefs.
Thrie executions .were issned yesterday
against Dean & Marshall one by F. Button
& Co., for $150 21; ono by Stolzenbnch &
Pfeit. for $1,702 59, and the other by the Iron
City Sand Compuuy, for $1,113 69,
Is the Criminal Court yesterday, Judge
Magee admitted William Gets, who acci
dentally shot and fatally wounded James
Masterson in a shooting gallery on Penn
avenue, to ball in the sum of $5,000. Gela la
charged with murder.
Aokxt MoClubx, of the Law and Order
Society, yesterday paid the costs in the per.
jury suits against blm. The costs as origi
nally taxed were $59 59, bnt,after a long con
test of every item by himself and Attorney
Yost, they were reduced to$55, which amount
he paid.
Evening Session to Talk m Little.
Washington, July 18. To make an es
timate ot 30 members being present this
evening would not be an exaggeration on
the one hand nor under enumeration nn the
other. All who were present talked tbe
World's Fair appropriations, either in favor
or opposition, out no action was taken.
His Tonga and -Jaw Tors Apart.
Valentine Kozlowski, employed at Kline's
shovel factory on North Thirteenth street,
had his tongue and lower jaw torn apart
while at work. He was dressing the face
of a rapidly revolving wheel when the in
strument flew up, causing the injury. His
chance for recovery is doubtful.
IHE BIGGEST DROP OF ILL
LOOK OUT BELOW.
The axxkas been at work
again! What's the mat
ter this time, Ok, noth
ing very alarming. We
sharpened the ax before we
struck the blow and down
came the price of our
Home-Made Trousers from
$3 50 to $2 25. Buyers
and prices usually tumble
together. Do you catch the
idea? It's a little slangy,
hit it's pointed. When
prices come down with a
rush buyers come in with
a rusk Ttat's the right
kind of a tumble. Take
advantage of the biggest
drop 'ever known. Every
light-weight garment left
in our vast stock must go
regardless of cost of manu
facture. There won't be
any necessity for a word of
argument or a single
syllable of persuasion if
you'll only look at our
offers this week. We're,
sure of your custom.
954 and 956 Liberty Street,
STAB COIINER.
Jyl7-62-irwT
Midsummer is the
cheapest time to make
advertising contracts,
either transient or an
nual. '
The advts. privi
leged to start any time
up to October i.
All classes of pa
pers.. REMINGTON BROS.,
Pittsburg, Pa.
Telephone No. 1484.
Jyiw
A
New
Healtlj
Food .
has made its appearance
It is not only a health food,
but ahealthy fo6d ahealth
food that makes other food
healthy. Its name is
COTTOLENE
It takes the place of hog's
Lard which is a notoriously
unhealthy food. A purely
yegetableproduct delicate
digestible, and economical
bnetrial gives CftTTOLmcK
a permanent home in every
kitchen, whence it increases
the health and enjoyment
of every member of the
family. Try it foryourselfc
At all grocers.
Manufactured only by
N.K. FAIRBANKS CO.,
CHICAGO.
' PITTllURaH AQ(NT:
P. SELLERS CO.
ts-rs z&s
4a- ..
ifiS3I0