S -'
i
10
THE PITTSBURG DiSPATCH, SUBDAT JULY 8,'. MM.
r. . v .-...,, -- o -
N
by the regular teachers. Thii is how IS li
in the publio schools in these cities,
rnrocblul School! Supported by Taxation.
But the Catholic party, di rested of educa
tional control in these schools, has secured
by law the establishment of others. As
matters now stand, upon the request of 25
heads of families a new school can be started
at any time. In recent years msuy such
schools have been called for, and, iu course,
in these the priest is supreme, as he for
merly was in alL These schools, moreover,
are supported, lite the others, by taxation,
a condition of affairs which the Liberal
party, had it been successful in last week's
election, would have made haste to remedy.
In being here during election week I was
peculiarly fortunate. At such times one
mav expect to see both sides of a people,
and my expectations in this respect were
not disappointed. To speak of the bad side
first. I must sar that on the davs preceding
and following the great day of decision, and
particularly on election day itself, I was a
regretful eye witness of much heavy drink
ing and of many clearly defined instances of
maudlin and uproarious intoxication. Or
dinarily the drinking, they tell us, is light,
both as regards quality and quantity, but
at election times the prevalent excitement,
it is very evident, carries many to excess.
Even in this matter, however, one must say
a good word for this people, for the effects
of over indulgence in drink were not nearly
so apparent as they would have been under
similar circumstances in the United States,
and, of course, nothing like what they
would have been in Great Britain. The
scenes of violence on election night were
bad as far as they went, but, whatever may
have been affirmed to the contrarv, there
was nothing approaching a general riot.
The Belgian Mob Behaves Itself.
"What most impressed me as I moved with
the crowds was the general good nature and
obvious self control of the Belgian mob.
the Guards Civique were called out, but it
was more for show than fromreal necessity.
So, at least, it appeared to me, and beside',
this spio and span military force, made up
of city merchants, is nearly always on par
ade upon public occasions. They look
pretty and the people like to see them.
To give an example of election methods,
the city of Antwerp with its 240,000 of
population is divided into 38 voting dis
tricts, and these are each sub-divided into
what we should call precincts. Each pre
cinct , forms a voting center
for those in the district whose names begin
with certain letters of the alphabet. The
.polls open at 9, usually in some pnblic
building. At the French theater, where
many from the conntry voted, I found a
great crowd at 10 o'clock. The
names of voters were being
called, and each man as he answered passed
behind a screen and put on record there his
political preferences. This process was
continued till the roll was exhausted and
then, of course, with the completion of the
roll the polling of votes ceased. Aside from
this peculiar way of voting, the election
was conducted much like our own. Bill
posters were kept busy to the last moment
putting up appeals to the voters, and the
press was run at a white heat.
Jnt .lke Politics in America.
And as a further and entirely conclusive
proof of the world-wide kinship of political
human nature, I became fully convinced
from reading these that each of the parties
was a paragon of virtue in its own eyes, and
each, iust as surely, from the other angle
of vision, a combination of everything un
reliable and unworthy. Altogether the
charges and counter-charges were so con
fusing that I felt happy in not having to
choose sides.
Downright squalor I failed to find
In Antwerp. Bags and tatters are nowhere
to be seen. Much of the clothing is coarse
enough, but it isall "whole" and itall looks I
wholesome. The Belgians are an industri
ous people both by necessity and by nature.
To see the working girls at meal hours
trudging briskly along the streets with
.knitting in their hands, is a common sight;
and apropos of this knitting craze, several
intelligent citizens have taken pains to
assure me, with obvious pride, that to find
Dn the streets of Antwerp people with holes
In their stockings would be impossible. To
a limited extent my own observations have
upportedthis statement. The subject,
noiTe?ei7 is har5y one which could be suc
cessfully investigated. It appeals rather to
faith and the imagination, and arguing
lrom the seen to the unseen, my own faith
touching this matter, I must say, is like the
Belgian stocking are said to be, without a
flaw. Henry Tucklet.
AILESHAH BKACTN IETHHQ TJT.
Els Crasade Against First Ward Disorder
Troves to Be Difficult.
Alderman Braun, of the First ward of
Allegheny, has evidently relinquished his
crusade against the disreputable houses in
his ward. The Alderman does not care to
say anything about the matter, but his
friends say that he met many snags which
he did not anticipate. One of these was
the ownership of houses by some of tbe
persons who operated in them. These he
was not able to drive away. Other houses
in the lower streets closed for a lime, but
soon resumed business surreptitiously.
The Alderman had no detective force at
his command to watch these houses, and
.found himself powerless to prevent their
side-door operations. Their business has
been carried en more and more openly, un
til now the old order of things has been in
some places restored. There are not as
many speak-easies and disorderly houses as
before the cruRade, but they are increasing
constantly. Besides, great pressure was
brought to bear on the Alderman from in
fluential quarters in both Allegheny and
Tittsburg to "let up." He was shown that
he was driving the disreputable element
merely from one locality to another, and
inflicting their presence on commnnities
hitherto altogether respectable. So the old
Plrst ward is drifting back into tormer
ways, and the Alderman finds his hands
full with his office business on the "West
Diamond.
KICS AGAINST PEEE BILVEE.
Eastern Prohibition Delegates Opposed to
Tills Flank in the IMatform.
Among the Prohibition delegates return
ing from Cincinnati last evening were J.
D. Simons, Braddock, State Chairman Pat
ton and A. A. Stevens, of Tyrone.
Mr. Patton indulged in no extravagant
statements, but he believes the Prohibition
ists are growing stronger every year. He
said the party was satisfied with tbe nomin
ation of Bidn ell, but the New York, New
Jersey and Connecticut delegafes are op
possed to the silver and tariff planks in the
platform. The party virtually indorses the
free and unlimited ccinage of silver, and
advocates tariff reform. Some of the delegates
thought the silver pl.ink would make the
party strong in tne western (states. Mr.
Patton said they expected to poll 150.000
Totes on the proposed amendment in Texas
this fall
The colored delegates were very indignant
over their treatment by some of the hotels
In Cincinnati. The convention passed a res
olution condemning the proprietors who re
fused to serve colored guests in the publio
dining rooms.
EXACT BY 0CI0BES 15,
The
Two New Downtown Firs Enrlni
Houses Going Cp Rapidly.
The work of construction on the two new
fire engine houses on the old Pulton foun
dry site is rapidly going on. The old
building has been removed and the founda
tions are going up rapidly. Chief Brown
expects to have both houses ready for occu
pancy by October 15. Advertisements for
the new engines have not yet been inserted,
but the Chief and the City Attornev are
drawing tbem up. It is intended to allow
time enough for any company that may win
the contract to build the engines before the
new building is ready to receive them.
Chief Brown says the fullest competition
will be allowed and the contract will be le
u fairly u any competitor could wish.
Bosun will banish roaches, bedbugs, etc
ftom your house forever. S3 cents.
THE MIDNIGHT SUN,
A Trip With Poetical Camille
Hammarion to landa
of Perpetual Day.
SCEKES ON MT. AYASAIA.
it Is
Filled With Excnrsionists
the Summer Solstice.
at
ETEN THE LADIES MAKE THE TRIP.
We
Know More About the Poles of Mars
Than Those of the Earth.
WATCHING 5X0 W MELT OX THAT PLACET
fCOKBXSr-OXDZXCX OF THIS DrarATCBM
Pakis, June 19.
O see the midnight sunt
No one will contend
that that wonld not be
an object of curiosity,
to sav the least, ex.
tremely novel. In ad
dition, there is here
not only a curiosity
purely worldly or ar
tistic, but a scientific
question particularly
worthy of attention. He
who thoroughly under
stands how the sun can be seen at midnight
that is to say, how-on a certain day of the
year it does not set at all in a certain coun
trywill understand at the same time how
the earth turns on its own axis, and will see
it in his mind in the exact position which
it occupies in the realms of space.
Then it is admitted, is it not, that those
persons who have never had the curiosity
to form any notion of astronomy live like
the blind in the midst of an unknown uni
verse, without even knowing on what they
walk? To give one's attention for an in
stant to a question of astronomy .is to be
lifted into the light.
Jonrneyin; to the Sixty-Sixth Parallel.
These astronomers view with pleasure the
excursions which are organized in all parts
of Europe for the purpose of going
CG of north latitude to see at the summer
solstice, June 21, the midnight sun.
Geography and astronomy clasp hands.
Progressing gradually, the intelligent man
will take possession of the globe, and, like
a new Charlemagne, will hold the world in
his hand no longer the Old "World unex
plored, but a new world alive with activity,
vibrating in the network of telegraphs and
telephones, enveloped by the human thougiit
itself, which becomes its very atmosphere,
its respiration and its life.
But first let us reckon the apparent posi
tion which the sun occupies at midnight for
a country somewhere on the globe, and also
the natural mechanism of day and night
Suppose we live at Paris not an unpleas
ant supposition tuafc icare iu miusuuiuici,
at the very solstice, June 21. At this date
the sun rises at noon high above our hori
zon and descends obliquely and slowly, not
setting before 8:04 o'clock' in the evening.
It continues to descend obliquelr, passes at
midnight less than 18 (17 42') beneath
the northern horizon, ascends gradually and
reappears at 3:56 o'clock in the morning.
It remains hidden, then only 7 hours and 02
minutes beneath the northern horizon.
Real Duration of a Parisian Night.
For ordinary purposes twilight is reck
oned from the moment when tbe sun is 6
below the horizon until the stars of
the first magnitude begin to appear. At
Paris this lasts 45 minutes. There are,
then, 90 minutes to be taken from the inter
val above mentioned to get the real dura
tion of the night. Theoretically, then, the
latter commeuces at8:49 and lasts until 3:07.
In reality the night is still shorter, for it is
still daylight toward the northwest after
9 o'clock in the evening andday has already
dawned in the northeast before 3 o'clock in
the morning. "What is called the astro
nomical twilight, calculated on the illumi
nation of tho higher regions of the atmos
phere while the sun is not more than 18
below the horizon, lasts the whole
night during the summer solstice.
I noted this especially during a balloon
trip which I made entirely with this end in
view. Had I gone high enough, even over
Paris, of course I should have found the
midnight sun. To do so, however, it would
have been necessary to rise far above the
limits of the ponderable atmosphere which
is to say, that any dream of that kind is not
to be realized.
As yon go northward the distance which
the sun sinks below tbe horizon grows less.
At the summer solstice the snn reaches the
zenith in Mexico at midday and its nadir at
midnight. At St. Petersburg, which is in
the sixtieth degree of latitude (59 56'), it
descends only 6 37 , and shines above the
horizon for 18J hours. It seems to depart
regretfully during only a few hours which
are themselves, moreover, illuminated suf
ficiently to permit one to see distinctly
enough even at midnight At the sixty
sixth degree of latitude the son does not set
at alL
Tho Effect of Effraction.
Theoretically it is necessary to go quite
to the Arctic Circle that is to say, to 66
33' to see over the plain of the sea the
center of the solar disk touch the horizon at
midnight Befraction, however, raises the
disk the height of its diameter, which is
Aft ana even a little more (33 min. 48 sec.;.
So to see tbe midnight sun it is only neces
sary to place yourself on a moderately high
hili situated in the 66th degree of latitude.
Expeditions, excursions, scientific pleas
ure parties if one may use the word are
organized every year nowadays to take
happy travelers to the midnight sun. The
places chosen by preference are Mount
Avasaxa, 75 kilometres north of Haparanda,
on the frontier between Russia and Swpden.
at the mouth of the Tornca, on the Gulf of
iJotbnia; Cape North, Hammerfest, and
Tromsoe, in Norway. The last three places
are farthest north beyond the Arctic Cir
cle, even but the first has the great advan
tage of being easily accessible and nearest
to Central Europe. It is a little hill 227
meters high, whence there is an cxtsnsive
view over a plain to the north. During
several days the sun at midnight glides just
above the horizon without touching it, and
its nocturnal presence is associated with the
fetes held in honor of St John. Everyone
knows that throughout CiinstianEurope fires
are lighted on St John'sDay(June24,)ahd
that this custom is kept up "to-day in many
regions and even in the neighborhood of
Paris. These fires are not of Christian
origin, but are the successors of the festi
vals held by the Bomans and Celts at the
summer solstice, and are kindled in honor
of the sun. St John's Bay is still the
national festival of the Lapps, who at the
same time celebrate the midnight sun.
Festival ot the MIdnlcht Son.
Among diverse accounts which we have
found of these festivals of the midnight sun,
we will give ourselves the pleasure of citing
the following, which is not lacking in the
picturesque:
On June SI ft rained; the sky was of an
ashy gray. The next morning, however,
there came an Intermission, and profiting
by the few rays of sunlisht, the travelers
had tne horse put to the extra poste or
sk-Jute, and at 11 o'clock they started for Sit
Avasaxa, which lies to the north, a plateau
froin the top of which they hoped to eontem-
plate the moving spectacle or the midnight
sun. The vehicle designated here under the
pompous name ot extra poste Is half-way
between a char a bancs and a charette a
bras. It has only two wheels, Is square, Is
made wholly of wood. Is drawn by one
horse and provides as seat for tbe traveler
only a plank suspended by straps.
On tbe way you meet many tourists, carry
ing their baggage on their backs. They climb
the mountains thus In order to arrive by
midnight at the sought for summit The
n
WM
wB)
nearer we approach to the end of onr jour
ney the more excursionists do we encounter,
among whom are yonuz Frenchmen, 'Swedes
in white helmets ana players on the har
monica. Finally we reach the last station,
the village of Matarlnjl, whence the famous
Avasaxa is visible. It is 10 o'clock In the
evening. From top to bottom the mountain
Is lighted by the sun. At 11 o'clock we are
on tbe summit of the mountain and from tt
Is unrolled a magnificent panorama. To
the north, over Sits, Pallnkl and Tortula,
shines the sun In all Its brightness, darting
Its rays or gold. Groups of from 60 to 80 per
sons are soon formed, selecting their posi
tions and lighting the fires of St John, over,
which they are soon wnrmlng tea and coffee
and making punch while waiting for the
solemn hour. Toward midnight the har
monicas le.-in to sound and the young na
tives begin the midnight dance In the light
oi me sun.
A Trip Cp Mount Avasaxa.
Two young girls of 16 or 17 yean, both
French, made this journey with their father,
JI. Adolphe JMorin, one of our learned com
patriots, and came back enchanted. One
writes:
When we saw the sun at midnight from the'
top of the mountain It wns a marvelous spec
tacle one that will Rlways be for us a living
memory. On the evening of St John's Day.
the 24th, we arrived at the foot of Mount
Avasaxa, about 10.30 o'clock, under a splen
did sun. For some days belore the weather
bad been cold and cloudy and several tour
ists had returned in discouragement to Hap
arandn. Tiia ascent is steep, and it is necessary to
avoid wet places and rocts that are too
slippery. Moreover, we had Just passed a
night almost without sleep, and a day al
most without food, so that the rapid climb
required not a little .energy. But wiiat
would not one do who saw, S00or300 meters
above him, the summit or the mountain
brilliantly lighted by tho sun.
At half pat eleven we reached the top,
and you can imagine with what Joyous as
tnuisiininnt we lound onrsolves at oar Jour
ney's end. For a moment 1 was quite beside
myseir, embracing my daughters, shouting
withloy and leaping with excitement, so
that I attracted the attention of the many
villagers who had come hero to hold their
festival. The red dUc of the sun, whose
dimmed rays permitted us to look directly
at it, remained wholly nbovo the horizon; at
no moment did the least nart of it disappear.
Itwascold and we gladly approached the
great flies kindled by the natives, who come
here each year in great numbers to celebrate
St John's Day, and for whom the pres
ence of the "Frenska" ladles is a spectaclo
much more novel than the midnight sun.
Toward 3 o'clock, when everyone had had
his fill of the view or the sun, "which had
already rien much above the horizon, they
began to descend. We did the same, stop
ping at every step to gather flowers, which
were very numerous and of every kind.
Seeing us thus employed, some young girls
took pleasure in adding to onr collection,
and ns we expressed onr gratitude to -them
by means of some little silver pieoes, they
engaged in the work with ardor, and we
reached the inn loaded -with flowers, but
quite destituteof any kind of money.
Where the Days Are Longest
There had been no night that day. Be
yond those regions there aro days ot a week,
of a month, of two months, of three, of four,
of five and of six months at the very pole.
Prom an astronomical point of view the
duration of the day at the summer solstice
is of 24 hours in latitude 66, and
for one who is standing a little above the
sea level the snn does not set for several
successive days, hut at midnight it glides
along the northern horizon. At the Polar"
circle (66 33) it remains several days
without setting, even at the sea level, on
account of refraction. At the sixty-seventh
degree it remains over 15 days above the
horizon, at the sixty-eighth degree about a
month, in the sixty-ninth degree more than
six weeks and in the seventieth degree 65
consecutive days.
At Hammerfest, a port of over 2,000 in
habitants, on the coast of Norway, and the
most northern city of the globe (70 40'),
the sun remains ten weeks above the hori
zon. If we continue to advance toward the
pole we find that the presence of tbe snn
above the horizon continues 103 davs in
latitude 75, 134 days in the eightieth de
gree, 161 davs in the eighty-fifth degree,
and six entire months at the pole itself.
Corresponding nights, but not quite so long,
however, envelop these regions during the
winter solstice.
. Like Living on a Strange Planet.
How different the conditions of life from
those of the temperate regions! One would
imagine one's self upon another planet
And what a strange course the sun seems
to follow! Imagine one's self at the pole,
the sun would seem to turn along a hori
zontal circle "at 23 above the horizon on
the day of the summer solstice, so, instead
ot rising or setting, it travels horizontally
around the heavens at the height just indi
cated, having the same elevation at mid
night as at coon. But on account of the an
nual movement around the sun its height
above the horizon does not remain the same,
but gradually diminishes. It results that
the snn seems to turn lower every day and
to describe a spiral, of which each turn is
almost horizontal and which requires all of
three months to reach the horizon. Tnii
occurs at the eqinox.
Six months of day and six months of
nightl "What is the effect of this long ex
posure of the polar ices to the sun s rays?
Some geographers thought that it would
result in a complete melting of the ice and
cause an open sea at the pole itself. This
is not probable, however, since, on the one
hand, all Arctic expeditions, though made
in the' most favorable seasons, have en
countered impassable ice barriers, and on
the other, since, on account of the sun's
slight height, its rays strike obliquely in
stead of heating with sufficient direct force,
and the ice seems too thick ever to be
melted. It would be necessary to go by
balloon above the pole to see what is taking
place.
We Know More About the Poles of Mars.
"We have often remarked that we knew
incomparable better the poles of our neigh
bor Mars than those of our own globe. "We
see them, while no inhabitant of the earth
has ever seen those of his own planet
Thus at the very time we are writing (June
1892), we observe and sketch every fine
day the p'oles of Mars. The austral pole,
now in sight, is covered with'snow, but
from former observations we know that the
snow will sooi) melt almost entirely and
leave the sea free at the geographical pole.
The austral hemisphere of Mars will arrive
at its summer solstice on October 13 next,
and we will then see its snows disappear
before our eyes.
The seasons of Mar are like our own.
but twice as long. It is certain that our
neighbor's polar snows melt more easily
than our own. "We conclude that they are
less thick, less dense, and that on account
of the ratified atmosphere evaporation is
more rapid. F
Bet us add, to complete the physiognomy
of the terrestial aircnrnpolar regions, that
as we depart from the pole the daily course
of ihe sun deviates more and more from the
horizontal direction on account of the posi
tion of the pole, around which' it takes
place, which descends from the zenith to
gradually sink. Until the polar circle is
reached the sun does not touch the horizon
at midnight in the summer solstice. On
that day it just touches the horizon for a
spectator placed at the polar circle, and it
is from that position that we commenced
our voyage to that midnight sun.
Doesn't it seem as it one returned from
another world?
CAMTLLK FliAXKABIOlT.
G. A. B. Encampment and Celebration at
Beaver, July S, 3 and 4.
On July 2 trains leaves for Beaver and
Beaver Falls, via Pittsburg & lake Erie
Kaiiioad, at 6 a.m., 7a.ic, 8 A. jr., 11:80 a. u.,
1:55 r. m., 3.30 r. m., 1:20 p. k 620 r. X. and
9:t5 r. si. On Sunday, July 3, at 8 a. x., 1:55 p.
m. and 9.45 p. m.; and in addition a special train
at 8:30 a. jc, which will run throuxli to Beaver
Falls. On Monday, July 4, regular trains
will run same as noted for Saturday: and in
addition, special trains at 8:10 a. it, 8:30 A. it,
10 a. h., 1:15 r. x. and 10:30 p. jc Trains run
on Central time, one hoar slower than city
time.
8u all in size, great in results: De Witt
Little Early Blaera. Best pill for constipation
best for sick headache and sour stomaoo.
Lrxs, the popular photographer, will please
you. First-class work, moderate .prices,
prompt delivery. 10 and IS Sixth street an
BoAOHxa, bedbug and other lnseot are
onspicuotu by their absence In houses
where Buglne Is used occasionally. 36 ot.
Brine Tour Families.
Javens' Elite Gallery open all day. Fourth
of July, for business. Cabinets, $1 09 per
dozen. Come early. CIS Jttarket street
VfiTTXrnQTl?PJ fil? 17 A Ml?
lUUllUUlUUU JX JL.fl.lU.JJ.
Congressmen of Tender lean Whose
vOratory Is Promising.
PKODIGIES PASSED . IN fiEYIEW.
Daniel Webster, in Miniature and Hen With
Good Hobbies.-
THE F0UE-H0ESE-TEAM FE0M MAINE
, rOOBRTSrOirDKKCT OP TSZ DISPATCH.
Washington, July 2 It is customary
to bewail the great men of the past and
imagine that they will never have 'success
ors. Like boys playing on tbe shore we
are fond of inverting our field glass and
belittling the objects that are near us. And
I beard a surly cynlo say, "The eaeles all are
dylngt
The kings that ruled the mountain thrones
are vanishing awayi"
But from a thousand cloudy nests the answer
fell, replying.
"The eagles of to-morrow are tbe fledging
of to-day."
Not since I can remember not since be
fore the war have so many young men be
gun a career in Congress as had their names
first placed on the roll last December.
Most of them have proved commonplace
and have failed to make any mark what
ever, but a few havo-attracted attention and
displayed qualities which promise to keep
them at the front during this generation.
Of the former it is not necessary to speak
further, for they- will vanish next March
into the obscurity whence they came or
stay in Congress wrapped forever in the
same twilight of lilac mist; but the latter
will olten be heard from hereafter, and of
course a majority of tbem are Democrats on
account of the revolution last election day.
Something; Abont Young Bryan.
The phenomenon and prodigy of the pres
ent House is "W. J. Bryan, of Nebraska,
aged 32. He came here almost totally un
known, and has Counted to the front rank
among the leaders. No other such success
has been attained in recent years perhaps
not since Henry Clay was elected to the
Senate at 29. Mr. Bryan looks a little like
a younger edition of the lamented Randall
the heavy build, the square face, the mas
sive and protruding jaw. His speech is de
liberate and half meditative, his articula
tion is excellent and his voice has a strons
carrying quality. When he speaks and it
is not often everybody hears him. It may
be safely added that there is nobody on
either side who is listened to more willingly,
unless it be Reed, whose amusing Yankee
monotone always causes a hush of inter
ested attention.
Savers, who had the floor one day in
March, lent it to the obscure Bryan for an
honr's speech on free wooL It was soon
obvious that a full-sized man had arisen.
He used familiar arguments, but he made
them fresh and new; he spoke off-hand; he,
had a pleasing, deferential, conciliatory
manner. Fifteen or 20 Republicans inter
rupted him with questions, and he parried
or answered them all with extraordinary
readiness. His hour was extended by unan
imous consent to two, three, four hours,
and when h: had finished it was obvious
that he had made one of the great speeches
of this Congress. He is an artist in the use
of words, as suave as Wendell Phillips, and
seems booked for a notable career unless
he loses his grip in Nebraska.
A Man With a mission.
None of the new members have attracted
more attention than Johnson (Rep.), of
Indiana. He is a tall, gaunt, raw-boned
man, Ingallsesque in architecture and bear
ing, with a beardless, gothic face, a large
mouth and a lantern jaw hung lossely in its
sockets. He may briefly be ticketed as the
untiring defender of the friendless colored
voter and.the champion tail-twister of the
Confederate opossum. And there is no
denying that the opossum winces. John
son is awfully sincere, perfectly fearless.
warmly eloquent in advocating what he
considers justice, and his words, as Lowell
said of Whittier's, are
flerlly fumaeed
In the blat of a life that has struggled In
earnest
He favors the extreme principles of the
force bill to protect the Southern negro's
vote, and advocates them at every oppor
tunity. Like Sumner, but without his
calmness, he speaks sarcastically and
censoriously, and some of the brigadiers
from Dixie generally get fighting mad
whenever he rises to speak; Indeed, there
have been dangers of an encounter more
than once. ' ' -
'Did yon say T was no gentleman?".,
asked Wise, of Virginia, following him to
the clerk's desk? after one of his character
istic speeches.
"I don't remember what I said," an
swered Johnson, "the Becord will show."
"Because if you did I'll hold you respon
sible," continued the Virginian.
"Very well; if I did I'll stand by .it
That's 'the sort of hairpin I ami" retorted
the radical Indianian, dropping into collo
quil phrase for the occasion.
"Yhat Johnson had said wss "When the
member from Virginia emphasizes the word
'gentleman' he is obviously not alluding to
himself."' So there was no fight
Talks Iilke a Cycloar.
Johnpon's chief characteristic is the tre
mendous rapidity of his speech. He is per
haps the fastest talker in Congress since
Rufus Choate. He sometimes speaks 250
or 300 words a minute, aud is the despair of
reporters and the terror ot listeners. I have
heard him when he was so exeited-aod volu
ble that his frame shook all over like a
corn-sheller with an obstructed hopper, as
if it were coming to pieces in the effort to
deliver the words faster than the epiglottis
could flutter.
Vocal velocity, however, interferes with
effectiveness. A New York member said to
me one. day: "Weill I wanted to'get at the
facts of this case, and I went and sat richt
in front of Johnson while he explained it,
and I'll be hanged if I understood a single
word he saidl"
During a speech of 75 minutes he filled
seven solid pages of the Becord. But a man
with such obvions purposes and such un
wearying enthusiasm has a place in the'
future ot bis party.
Here's Another Enfant Terrible.
"No quorum," exclaims a young man
rising in his seat on tbe Democratic side,
and the stranger in the gallery cranes his
neck forward and exclaims inquiringly,
"Great Scott I who's' that?" The objector
is the very youngest and about tbe most
numerous member oi the House. He was
not born when the battle of Gettysburg was
lought He is robed in somber alpaca and a
white muslin necktie. He is a large, heavily-built
man, with dark brown brows over
hanging a broad, handsome face as smooth
as a woman's. Somebody has detected in
him a resemblance to the youthful Daniel
Webster. He is front Texas and Bailey is
his name "Bailey, Junior," he might be
called in consideration of his years, as the
stout young servitor in "Martin Chuzzle-"t
wit" was called, "to distinguish him from
Old Bailey." Mr. Bailey' is a man of seri
ous habits and retentive memory, readiness,
facility, courage and persistence, and he is
not backward abont'eoming forward.
Early in the -session he announced that ha
did not believe it to be constitutional to
pass laws "by unanimous consent" without
a quorum, and be should prevent important
legislation under such conditions. 'So he
has killed a good hundred of bills by inter
posing his objection; He refuses to yield
to oblige anybody even Father Holman
and he pours out his acidulated conscien
tious scruples alike upon the just and the
unjust He has been frequently assured
that he was "too fresh," that he was "mak
ing a fool of himself," that he "would know
more in twenty years," and given other bits
of succulent information, but he goes
straight on in the execution of hi relentless
purpose.
Bailer Has Mad Soma Mistakes.
Since Congress oonvened he ha com
pletely paralyzed the Houm for about two
I wk?!? the aggregate. He has grleTojuly
ofiended the leader on both sides, especially
oi ou own siuo, wno declares mat it is uio
cheekiest thing they ever heard of
"for the kid of the House to insist on
running the House," but he isimplacable.
He ha been betrayed into one or two
speeches in which he posed as a martyr aud
reprecented himself, as plunging into the
gulf, like Metius Curtius, to save his be
loved country; but thi was merely a mo
mentary inadvertence. Generally he has
been self-poised, calm and dignified. He
possesses decided ability as well as courage;
has a rich ringing voice and is capable of
eloquence; there is a prevalent feeling that
his position is a sound one; and, as one of
his chief critics said within my hearing, "If
Texas kseps him here, in five years he'll be
a corker." At the present moment he is
making .strenuous efforts to compel the ser
geant at arms to comply pith tne law to
withhold a member s pay during all ab
sences from his seat.
Bowers, of California, is among the most
notable of the new Republicans. He is a
slender, energetic, breezy sort of Westerner
and, judging from his colloquial speech and
unconventional manner, he has lived in
California ever since he was born and bad
bis eves open all tbe time. He is auick on
his feet, ready at repartee, often amusing
and sometimes belligerent He goes tor
shelling out pensions. tor the boys, and if
he could have his way the alleged surplus
would stand in sore need of divine protec
tion as during the regime of Corporal
Tanner of blessed memory.
Some More or the Hawkryra,
White of Iowa, is another of the snrprise
partv. He is a German, hut has a command
ot English equal to that of Carl Schurz, a
typical Americanized Prussian, with an
immense vocabulary and facility in using
it He robes himself chiefly to comply
with thelaw and his clothes look as if they
had accidentally blown upon him in a
cyclone; he does not waste wax upon his
moustache. His voice is smooth and his
sentences fit admirably, and when,
after keeping still as a mouse for six
months, he burst forth last week
on the tin plate bill, he quieted the whisper
ers and story-tellers and brought lounging
members from the smoking-room. He has
since spoken again and his two are among
the great speeches of the session. Yet he is
a farmer and when at home he works' bard
at his trade. Tnough a soldier through the
war, he is opposed to all wars and rumors of
wars, to appropriations and preparations
for wars. He is an outspoken free-trader,
too; would abolish the custom houses and
support the Government with an income
tax.
Butler, of Iowa, has made hi presence
felt He has spoken seldom, but can think
on his feet, and has been inclined to employ
the Socratio method and thus to "entangle
his adversary in a mesh of questions. He
is always in his seat, has a remarkable
memory of names and faces, and there is
probably not a member of the house whom
he does not know. In controversy he never
comprenenaa wnen no is down.
A Trio Who Have Failed.
The "Kindergarten trio" of Massa
chusetts, as Walker calls tbe young Demo
crats, Williams, Andrew and Sherman Hoar,
have not justified the expectation of their
admirers. They seldom rise to their feet
But they have a scholarly, well-bred air;
they believe in the gentleman in politics,
and" they betray familiarity with elegant
society even in their ordinary improvisa
tions. They have all showed composure
and self-confidence on their feet, and when
their diffidence wears off they may come to
the front and make an impression unless,
meantime, the Bay State should change its
mind.
One of the youngest Republicans in the
House is Dolllver, of Iowa, and he has
made a deep impression and taken his place
as a debater by the side ot the leaders. In
readiness, perspicuity, aptness of illustra
tion and excellence ot metnod ne zanksvray
above the average of speakers. He has a
lively fancy and a large sense of the humor
ous, and is quick as lightning at lepariee.
"May I ask the gentleman a question?"
said a combative Alabamian when Dolliver
was speaking.
"No time to spare! Wait till I finish."
"It comes right in here. Just a wordl"
'1 cannot be interrupted, for I have but a
few -"
"This is just a few figures which show "
"Hand up your figures!" cried Dolliver,
"I'll look at 'em, and if I find there's any
thing in 'em, I'll leave them out of my
speech!"
Dolliver has made a reputation as a first
class humorist a real wit, not given to
punning, and broader in his fun than Sam
Cox, and more irrepressible than Boutelle.
He is a tall, ruddy-cheeked, athletic young
man, topped with a heavy thatch of brown
hair.
The Third Party Representative.
The Alliance sent here an interesting
bevy, and its oddness is fan-shaped, grow
ing more so every dav. Perhaps tbelr most
efiective,most aggressive and readiest speak
er is Watson, ot Georgia. He is a young,
thin, Cassius-built man, long-necked, sharp
nosed, and he doesn't look as if he had had
a square meal for IS years. He is the typical
PJeremiah and calamity bulletin of the
House. He is eloquent and pathetio on the
degeneraoy of the times, but once in awhile
he forgets that the country is rushing to
ruin, and then he is cogent and forcible
sometimes keen and witty. In quick de
bate he is master of the situation, and the
Alliance coterie customarily turn to him as
their best speaker.
Kittel Halvorsen, of Minnesota, is a prac
tical farmer of good.sound sense and an enor
mous red beard not an accordion bearc
like Senator Peffer, but a lyre-shaped beard,
broad aud flowing. He talks.little, and is
chiefly notable for the way in which he is
said to have got in. The story runs thus:
Both Tegular parties had candidates against
him, and he didn't want to come to Con
gress anyway, and was on the point of de
clining the nomination, when one of his op
ponents came to him and said: "See here,
Kittel,I want you to stay in the field so that I
can be elected. If you'll bang on I'll pay
your campaign expenses."
. "That's good enough lor me," said Hal
vVsen, so he "hung on" and was sud
denly elected, hi generous foe footing his
bills.
What Twenty Tear 'Will Do.
Jerry' Simpson Is popular on the floor la
spite of his eccentricities. He is rough and
ready, always goocT-natured, arrf he hates all
monopolies and raps both parties impar
tially.
Otis always says "we" when he means
"I," the only mau on the floor who uses the
royal prerogative. Yet he is economical.
When the West Point bill was up he moved
that instead of buying saddle blankets for
the cadets, the old House carpet should be
cut up when changed in the fall and
furnished in proper pieoes to the youthful
wards of Uncle Sam. The motion was lost
Doubtless some of the men ,1 "have men
tioned will be leaders 'in Congress 20 years
from now. They certainly will if their
States know a good, thing when they see it
and keep them in their seats in spite of
preposterous county lines. It is experience
and long training, more than, anything else,
that has given to Congress such men as
Reed, Bingham, Burrows, E. B. Taylor,
Holman, Crisp, Springer and McMillan.
Maine has only four members, but she has
as much influence as the largest States. In
deed, New York and Pennsylvania habitu
ally get out of th'e road when the sparsely
settled pine-tree 'State drives down its
matchless four-horse team.
W. A. Cboffux,
STKINWAT, CONOVEK, 6 PEE A,
The Slost Popular Pianos.
These are the most celebrated and trust
worthy piano of our time. The 8teinway
requires no praise at our hands. Its superi
ority Is fully established. The Conover Is
tbe next greatest piano. Itneedi no praise,
either, for to hear it and to see it la to love it
and to buy It Then comes the charming
Opera piano, of which make there, are thou
sands in the best lamiiies of Pittiburs and
neighborhood. Also, the seven-octave piano
organs, combining piano and organ, and the
wonderful Vocation church organs.' A splen
did, fresh stock Just arriving at B. Kleber A
Bra's, 506 Wood street and whloh will be
sold at but a small advance over oost and on
accommodating terms. The Kleber Bros, are
preferred by the big majority of piano" pur
chasers, because of their sDlendld refutation
for honest dealing; and nnfailingt musical
juoa-mens.
EAME AND FORTUNE.
Only Two of a tons: List of Well
Known Men ire Kot Well OIL
WEALTH OP THE P0LITICIAK8.
If Cleveland Tint Elected President Hell
Be a Millionaire.
HOW HAEEIS0N MADE 'DIS MONET
rCOKHBRPONPKltCX OF THE niKPATCir.l
New York, July Z Fortune comes with
fame. There are few men of renown who
are not rich and most of them, acquired
their wealth after they acquired their repu
tation. Men of renown have more need of
money than those in the ordinary walks of
life. At any rate, they are called npon to
expend more. They must live in keeping
with their position and display a lavish
hand in all they do. Especially is this
true of political celebrities. If they are not
liberal contributors to campaign funds their
aspirations are blasted and their power is
destroyed.
Following is a list of the people about
whom we hear most, and an estimate of
their fortunes:
Benjamin Harrion, President.,
Levi P. Morton. Vice President.
,t
25,000
5,000,000
Whitelaw Bold, candidate for
Vico President 2,000,000
Gmver Cleveland, ex-President
and candidate .. 500,000
AdlatE. Stevenson, candidate for
Vice President 100,000
Chauncey M. Depew l.OCO.000
James G. Blaine, ex-Secretary of
State 3,000,000
xnomas u. rmtt, republican po
litical leader
D. B. Bill, United States Senator
Thomas B. Rred, ex-Speaker
James S. Clarkson, Chairman
Calvin S. Brice, Cnalrman
William McKinley, Governor of
Ohio
Matthew S. Quay, United? States
Senator.
Warner Miller, ex-U. 8. Senator...
Frank Hiscock, U. S. Senator
Bnssell ,B. Harrison, son of the
President
JohnWanamacer.PostmasterGen.
John Sherman. U. S. Senator
Jeremiah S. Rusk, Sec of Agrtonl.
Arthur P. Gorman, XT. S. Senator..
Jeremiah Simpson, Congressman.
William A Peffer, U. 8. Senator...
Richard Croker, leader of Tam'ny.
Melville W. Puller. Chief Justice.
1,000.000
100,000
.'0.000
50,000
8,000,000
50,000
200,000'
600,000
200,000
60.000
5,000,000
1,000,000
600,000
200,000
10,000
lo.noo
600,000
100.0UO
Charles A. Dana, editor 1000,000
John J. Ingalls, ex-U. S. Senator.. 50,000
Jay Gonld, speculator 100,000.000
Rnssoll Saue, speculator 60,000,000
Ward MoAllistor,Ieaderof society. 200,000
De Witt C. Talmaae, preacher. . . . . 53,000
Leslie W. Keeley, of bl-chlorlde
fame 1,000.000
Stephen B. Holman, Congressman
10.000
Mnn isootii, actor.
Mark Twain (Samuel L. Clemens),
writer
Bill Nye (Edgar W. Nye), writer..
Samuel Small, evangelist
DwlghtL. Moody, evangelist
Ballinzton Booth, leader of Salva
tion Army ,
Addison Cammact, bear In Wall
street -.
Charles Foster, Sec. of Treasury..
600,000
600,000
25 000
15,000
100,000
250,000
8,000,000
5"X,000
5000,000
wm. u. vynuney, ex-sec of .Navy.
Cyrns W. Field, promoter L0C0.C00
Daniel S. Lam on t. Cleveland's Sec
250,000
Elijah S. Halford, Harrison's Seo.
Thomas A. Edison, inventor. $
Berry Wall.dudo
Cbavles H. Parkhurst, preacher...
N. C. Creedo. Creede silver mines.
Ferdinand Ward, ex-bank wrecker
John L. Sullivan, pugilist
Johann Most, Anarchist
Victoria. Queen of England.
Albert Edwaid, Prince of Wales..
William E. Gladstone, British
statesman
Marquis or Salisbury
William II., Emperor of Germany
Von Caprlvi. Chancellor of Gar-
10,000
S.COO.O.'O
.000
25,000
i.ooo.ooo
1,000,000
50,000
,000
15,000,000
,000
2,000,000
10.000.000
2,000,030
many 1,000.000
Prin ce Bismarck, Ex-Chan oellor. . 5,000,000
saui (jarnot. jrresiuem oi x ranee.
LeoXXII., Popo
Franz'Xosef, Emperor ot Austria.
Alexander III., Czar or Russia. . . .
Henry M. Stanley, African Ex
2.000,000
1.000,000
10,000,000
25,000,000
plorer,
230.000
6,000,000
10,000,000
Tippu Tib, African
Hi Hun
n; cnanir, Vloeroy of China.
.Baron ne
e Hirsch. Hebrew Philan
thropist 25.000,000
Harrison Got Rich nt the Xw.
Harrison was wealthy before he became
President He was worth something like
$160,000, made in the practice of the law.
He was considered one of the best lawyers
in Indiana. It has not been necessary for
him to spend much over half of his salary of
$50,000 a vear since he has been in the
White House.
Morton made hi money in the banking
business. He is also the owner of real estate
which yields a large amount He is essen
tially a business man. His elevation to the
"Vice Presidency fully satisfied his political
ambition and he is now content to retire to
private life. The removal oi his whiskers
revealed his striking resemblance to Samuel
J. Tilden with whom he had close financial
relations for many years.
Whitelaw Reid became rich through the
improvement of the finances of the New
York Tribune nnder his management He
boueht the stock of tbe paper whenever he
could obtain it His fortune ha been made
in two decades.
Cleveland was worth very little when he
was elected President During his admin
istration he made some fortunate real es
tate investments. He has accumulated
money very fast since he left the White
House. He has been.connsel for tbe street
railway syndicate with which ex-Secretary
of the Navy William C. Whitney is con
nected, and a number of corporations which
have paid handsomely for his services. If
he is not again elected President, and con
tinues the practice of the law, he will be a'
millionaire in a few years.
Stevenson Slight Have Dam Richer.
Adlai E. Stevenson made his money as a
lawyer. He might have been a much richer
man, but he has no predilection for busi
ness affairs and has neglected opportunities
offered to him. In fact, he has such a
liking for politics that he has not derived
nearly as much from his law practice as he
might have.
Depew's fortune is made up principally
of his large salaries from the Vanderbilt
system ot railroads and investments in the
securities of those roads. He is not a spec
ulator in Wall street By taking advantage
of the information tbat he obtains in his
official capacity he could profit immensely
.by operations in stocks. His ambition,
however, is not so much in the direction ot
riobes as in public greatness.
Blaine became rich by putting money in
lands, mines and railroads. ' He has been
invited into enterprises innumerable for tbe
prestige of his name, but he has shown
great sagacity in his business ventures and
has only invested after careful investigation
to determine the merits of projects or con
cerns. He has shown himself an excellent
business man.
Ex-Senator Piatt has rolled up his fortune
through interests in express, railroad and
coal and iron companies. He has spent a
great 'deal of money in politics.
Clarkson' Newspaper Paid Him.
Clarkson's money was derived from hi
newspaper the Iovoa State Register, published
at Des Moines. Many opportuuites for
profit in the way of business undertakings
have been offered to him since he achieved
political distinction, but he has declined
tbem.
Brice was a poor lawyer at Lima, O.
Through his connection with capitalists and
contractors he got to building, buying and
selling railroads by the wholesale. His
generous contribution for campaign ex
penses led to his political prominence.
Warner , Miller grew rich in the-mann-facture
of paper from wood pulp, hence the
political appellation of "Wood Pulp"
Miller. If the Nicaragua Canal i ,put
through successfully, he will add greatly to
his fortune.
Senator Quay ha made money in the oil
and coal fields of Pennsylvania, and in
treet railroad speculations. His fortune
was wholly made after he entered politics.
Benator Hill's money was earned in the
practice ofthe law. Benator Hiscock and
ex-Speaker Beed acquired their money in
the same way. Th npatatloas of 'Book-
less'! Simpson and Senator Peffer are likely
to prove fleeting. They have little or noth
ing except what they have saved from their
salaries.
Croker Was Once an Engineer.
Croker, the Tammany leader had nothing
until he became a power in politics. He
was at one time the engineer of afire en
gine, lie is now an extensive owner oi
real estate and is a breeder of fine stock.
He is said to have made some profitable
speculations in stock.
Despite his dissipation and squandering,
John L. Sullivan, is a real estate owner.
LHe bongbt houses when he had more money
tnan ne knew what to-do with.
Berry Wall's grandfather left him a for
tune and he spent it in dress and higb
livmg. Herr Most is absolutely poverty
stricken. As everybody knows, Gonld. Sage and
Cam mack made"their money in Wall street
with ex-Secretary Whitney. Halford earn
Lamont made his money through association
ed hi money as an editor in Indianapolis,
Ind. Holman obtained what he has by
practicing law. Wanamaker amassed
wealth in his Philadelphia mercantile es
tablishment Uncle Jerry Busk, once a
stage driver, earned hi money farming,
logging and quarrying.
The fortunes of the celebrated Americans
prove that there is wealth to be made in
almost every kind of undertaking and that
politics in many instances are a great help
in making it The careers of these Ameri
cans also demonstrate that fame is to be
found in diverse as well as divers way.
Fortunes Across the Fond. ,
The fortunes of nearly all of the famous
oreigners were inherited. The exceptions
are strikingly few. The wealth of the
crowned heads and titled pers'ons belongs to
families and Is entailed. The wealth of the
Romanoffs constitutes practically the owner
ship of Russia and its revenues. The Czar'
personal fortune is gteat, but will be handed
down to the next inheritor of the dynasty.
Stanley, the explorer, obtained his wealth'
tnrougn what were practically commissions
from commercial companies for which he
acted as aent in Alnca. Tippu Tib gTew
opulent as a trader in Africa. Baron de
Hirsch inherited a large fortune and added
to it by investments in mines and railroads.
The opportunities, both for fame and
fortune, it is easy to see, are far greater in
America than in any other land.
Howard Irvhto Smith.
RAILROADS IN COURT.
Dlipsta Over Track Crossing an tne
Sonthslde Snlt on Promissory Note for
34,597 16 Applicants for Divorce
XC1 New of a Say.
A bill in equity was filed yesterday by
the Suburban Rapid Transit Street Railway
Company against the Pittsburg and Bir
mingham Traction Company, lessee of the
Pittsburg, Knoxville and St Clair Rail
way, the Birmingham, Knoxville and Al
lentown Traction Company, and W. J.
Crozier and William J. Hnnter, and their
agents and employes.
The plaintiff company claims the right of
way over the Birmingham and Brownsville
Turnpike road. On Jnne 30 they were lay
ing a second track on the road at the
intersection of Arlington avenue and
Burkhammer street when the defendants
with a gang of about 150 men ender Crozier
and Hunter undertook to drive away the
plaintiff's workmen. Crozier, in behalf of
the defendants, claimed the right to lay a
curve from Arlington avenne over the
route of tbe plaintiff to connect the east
track of the plaintiff with a track on Ar
lington avenue to be laid by the defendants.
The defendants, it is asserted, have no
right to do this and an injunction was
asked to restrain them from laying the
curve or interfering in any way with the
workmen of tbe plaintiffs.
A preliminary injunction was granted,
pending a final hearing.
SEEKING FOE DIV0KCX,
Two Dissatisfied Wives Ask to Ba Released
Prom Matrimony.
Two suits for divorces were entered yes
terday. Attorneys A. & W. A. Blakeley
filed the 'suit of Emma McKelvey by her
next friend, John Patton, against William
McKelvey. They were married May 5,
1884, and .separated June 29, 1892. Ill
treatment is alleged.
Attorney A. M. Brown entered the suit
of Mary li Carr by her next friend, Eliza
beth Sims, against C. W. Carr. They were
married January 4, 1884, upd separated in
May, 1892. Cruelty is charged.
A divorce was granted in the case of Mary
Smith against Nicholas gmitb. Ill-treatment
was the charge.
SUIT OS A BIQ KOHL
Hostatter Estate Seek to Becover
3V
507 18 From Robert Moore.
Attorney A. Clarke yesterday filed the
suit of D. Herbert Hostetter, administrator
of David Hostetter, against Robert Moore
to recover $34,597 16. The amount is
claimed to be due on a promissory note
made and delivered to the late David Hos
tetter by Moore. It is dated May 1', 1888,
and promise to pay at the Fort Pitt Na
tional Bank, two vears after date, $27,996.
When the note fell due payment was re
fused, and the suit is brought to recover it,
with interest, making a total of $34,597 16.
Good Knongh County to Sna In.
Judge White yesterday handed down an
opinion on a question of law in tbe case of
Elizabeth Wolf against J. M. Guffey. The
suit was to recover on an oil lease on land
in Westmoreland county. A verdict was
given for the plaintiff, subject to a question
of law reserved. The question was that the
land being situated in Westmoreland county
the suit should have been brought in tbat
county. Judge White after discusssng tbe
practice as to bringing actions, said he could
see no reason why the case could not be
brought here, and directed judgment to be
given for the plaintiff.
A Receiver Closes His Accounts.
The final account of W. H. Barnes, re
ceiver of the Allegheny Valley Railroad,
was confirmed yesterday by Judge Acheson.
The account ran from May 2, 1884, to Feb
ruary 29, 1892. In that period the receipts
were $19,695,760; disbursements for oper
ating expenses, $1.1,502,283; interest on
funded debt, $5,885,201; cash on hand Feb
ruary 29, 1892, $308,318. The cash on hand
when Mr. Barnes assumed control was $69,
979. Mr. Barnes' securities were released
and his bond canceled.
Criminal Conrt Sentence.
Judge Magee yesterday imposed the fol
lowing sentences: Ira Holderweed, lar
ceny, 30 day to the workhouse; Joseph
Cunningham and Harry Walton, assault
and battery, $5 and costs; Edward Black,
assault and battery, $50 and costs; Elmer
Abrams, assault and battery, ftu ana costs;
William Taylor, keeping a lerocions dog. 6
cents fine and abate the nuisance; H. S.
Hall and Joseph Werner, entering a build
ing with felonious intent, sentence sus
pended; Robert Carson, assault and battery,
6 cents fine and costs.
Entered Salt Against th SherltT.
J. Kaufmann & Bros, yesterday, entered
suit against the Sheriff; W. H. McCleary,
for $500 damages. They allege he levied on
goods to tbat value, owned by them, and
sold them, having no authority to do so.
A Salt lor Slander.
Attorneys Whitesell & Sons yesterday
entered suits in behalf ot Charles F. Oster
lah, jr.' against" William H. Williams, for
$10,000 damages, for alleged slander.
Pennsylvania Postmasters Confirmed.
WASHEfOTOy, July 1-r-Among the post
masters confirmed bytha Senate Friday
were J. P. Carver, of Newtown, Pa., and J.
a "IfinTswn, of Union City, Pa.
MASTERS OF THE KEY.
The Good Telegraphers of the Country
Are Hunting New Jobs.
CE0WDED OUT BY ISCOMPETEm
Tne Eailroads Take Toor Hen EecssM Tlay
Get Them Cheap,
EE8P0NSIBILITT 15 CASE OF WEICX
iwwnct tob thi nisrATca.1
Public attention has again been called by
the recent wreck on the Pennsylvania Rail
road to the responsible position of the rail
road telegrapher. Disaster after disaster
due to faults in the men at' the key have
crystallized into positive action in some
States, and in Ohio at the session of the
Legislature, ended not long ago, a bill was
introduced forbidding railway companies
from hiring youthful and incompetent
telegraphers.
It has not been so very long since a disas
trous wreck occurred on a prominent rail
way system in Ohio In which several per
sons were killed and injured. An investi
gation showed that the accident was caused
by a boy telegrapher, scarcely old enough
to be out of his mother's arms.
Upon British railways the system regu
lating the hiring and promotion of tele
graphers is far different than the one em
ployed here. It is conceded by English
managers that a thoroughly well equipped
"signaling service" is necessary to safety,
and every means is used to this end. To
enter the British telegraph department a
person must begin in the lowest grade of
service. If. found intellectually well
equipped, endowed with industrious habit
and an aptitude for assuming increased re
sponsibilities, he is gradually advanced,
until after years of practical education ha
reaches the summit of his profession.
No System at All In America.
The rules governing the service In Xa
land have but little weight with Americas
managers, as the hiring and grading of
telegrapher on American lines can be
summed up in two words, "hap-hazard."
It is a fact that the telegraph service on
railway lines in this country is in a de
plorable condition, and the causes whloh
have led to this result are many and varied.
First Economy is one strong element
which has given rise to many of tne evil
complained oC It is an undisputed fact
that the average salaries paid telegraphers
in Ohio and Pennsylvania will not exceed
$45 per month, or this meager salary
telegrapheat must work from 12 to 16 hour
per day and every day in the vear. On im
portant lines where traffic fs heavy two
operators are employed, one for day the
other for night duty. Upon the day
operator other duties-will be imposed, suoh
as freight and ticket accounts, the hand
ling ot baggage, express matter and perhaps
a half-dozen other "revenue feeders, 'whloh
consume from 14 to 18 hours per day of hi
time. It was shown before a coroner's Jury
in a recent wreck case in which several
postal elerks were killed, that the operator,
who was indirectly responsible for the acoi
dent, had more work and responsibility
resting on him than should have been im
posed on any three men.
The Wron; Alen in the Basinet.
Another element which has caused end
less comment is the hap-hazard manner by
which the profession is taught to every per
son who may apply. First-class tele
graphers are like poet's,born, not made, and
it is true that two-thirds of the would-ha
operators, who acquire a smattering of Who
profession at some little country telezrabh
office, would succeed far better in life and
perhaps leave an imperishable name in the
annals of worthy men were they to seek
their fortune in other avenues of business.
The teaching of pupils in railway Ie
graph offices is left entirely to the discre
tion of the operator. No guarantee is asked
or expected as to educational qualifications
ot the student, but for a pittance the pro
fession is taught to persons who have no
conception ot the responsibilities which
they, in after time may assume; who, in,
countless instances, are without the rudi
ments of a common school education, and
whose whole aim is to escape the drudgery
of the farm by dropping into a
"soft snap." This indiscriminate
teaching without supervision on the part
of railway managers has resulted in over
crowding the profession with such incom
petent and worthless material that the
bright, brainy and thoroughly competent
telegrapher has become disgusted, and
sought other fields for remunerative em
ployment The salaries are also affected by
this terrible jostl?, nntil to-day one of the
brainiest professions in the United States 1
poorer paid and harder worked than any
other.
The Colleges of Telearapby.
Another element responsible for a large
share of this overcrowding is the so-called
telegraph college. Thn "professors" of
these institutions are guilty of painting the
prospects in too gorgeous a hue. A victim
ot one of these colleges told me the
professor had agreed to provide him
with a position when competent,
paying from $75 to $100 per'month. "When
competent," is a very elastic term and it is
a well known fact that positions paying $73
to $100 are very few and commanded only
by tbe most expert in the profession. An
other representation is that operators are
scarce and positions easy to obtain, when
the truth is tbat hundreds of competent
telegraphers are out of employment and,
tramping the country to-day. 'These col
leges in Chicago have been closed by the
police.
There must be a change in the methods of
teaching and grading telegraphers on
American lines. The lives of the travel
ing public are too precious to be trusted in
the hand of boy telegraphers, and the pnb
lic will sooner or later causa the economical
manager serions annoyance, by advocating;
severe, restrictive legislation. Acxox.
A Convention Without Credentials.
CrjTClNSATT, July L The National Con.
vention of Negroes, which will meet hero
July and 5, will not require credential.
This step has been taken by the committee
at the request of Colonel Harlan, of Cincin
nati,, and others who will visit the conven
tion from outside cities.
FOR THE TOLET
There is no mora useful or elegant sot
tide than Ayer"s Hair Vigor tho moat'
popular and economical hair-dresaixisr,
In tho market. It causes tha hair te
grow abundantly and retain tha beauty,
and texture of youth; prevents bald
ness, heals troublesome humors of th
scalp and keeps it clean, cool, and
healthy. Both ladies and gentlemen,
everywhere prefer Ayer's Hair Vigor t
any other dressing for tha hair. Hzs
Lydla O.l - llToody,'
,E. Pitts- ML. C ton, M-
writes: "I ftSK F Or hav-isa4
Ayer'al ay I Hair Vig
or for some tiVt, and it has worked
wonders for ma, -I was troubled witk
dandruff and falling hair, so that I wan
rapidly becoming bald; but since nslnj
the Vigor, my head is perfectly clear ot
dandruff, tha hair has ceased coming
out, and I now have a good growth, of
the same color as when I was & young:
woman. I can heartily recommend the
use of Ayer's Hair Vigor to any one suf-j
feting from dandruff or loss of hair.' "
Avers Hair Vigor
PnmandbySr..a.,
asssri
aWafey
l&
.n.ii'itliTiiBfMlTi.ii - --, j&h.y.
JjiWyi&gU