CITY OF PALACES,
That's the Name Carpenter
Gives to the Chicago Fair
After Yisiting It
AXADDIX IS A FAHTJBE
When His Works Are Compared to
the Buildings on the Lake.
LARGEST STRUCTURES MADE.
Fortunes ire Being Spent Every Day Just
to Please the Fye.
THE ELECTKIC AND OTHER EXHIBITS.
rCORBESPOKDEVCE OP THE DISrATCS.1
JChioago, June 17. Wonderful, won
ierful, wonderful is the magic wand of Chi
cago. The Genii of the Lamp of Aladdin
re pigmies beside it. The wildest dreams
of Monte Christo become tame and prosaic
before it, and the mightiest works of the
historic past in Home, in Egypt and in
India dwindle under its spell!
Pharaoh kept his one hundred and odd
thousand laborers at work for decades under
the lash to build the great pyramid of Cheops.
Slaves innumerable worked for many
years in con structing the'Colossenm and the
itones of Taj Mahal and the great Fort at
Agra were cemented together with human
blood and with tens of thousands of human
lives.
The wand of Chicago in a few months has
Treated massive structures which in maj:
nificence and splendor outrival anything
tver conceived by man, and the human
mind grows dizzy in trying to comprehend
the immensity of the mighty Exposition
she is building.
Th Knsiest Place In the World.
I have spent the day in wandering in and
out amoug the massive palaces which are
springing up like mazic on the banks of the
lake and the din of great hammers, the
lhrieking of engines and the running to
and fro of 0,009 workmen still ring in my
tars as I write. The Exposition grounds
rover just about the area of a section of
land and if they were square it would be
just about four miles arouud them. This
space is to-day the busiest place in the
world The crowded streets of Canton in
China are not more lively than it, and almost
every kind of work under the sun is going
on in the building of this Exposition city of
great palaces. Hundreds of landscape
gardeners are dieting and planting and on
Dne little island in the lake inside the
ground, there will be ten acre of flowers.
A half million pansies will here turn up
their many colored iaees to the sun
nd roses by the thousands will bloom.
Hundreds of men are working in iron and
other hundreds are hammering, sawing and
cutting in wood. There are scores of art
ists here modeling in clay the delicate carv
ings which are to decorate the great build
ings, and other arsists are mailing the
gigautic statues which are to stand guard
over the doors or upon the roofs
It's Too 151s to Describe.
There are painters by the hundreds, de
signers of all kinds, workers in tin and
copper, masons and plumbers, and in short
Ren of every trade and vocation required in
the building of a city. It takes big restaur
ants to furnish the ieed for the workmen
End corps of policemen are present to keep
guard over the whole. I despair of giving
tny adequate idea ol the size or tnese build
ings. Figures alone are worth nothing ex
cept to an Isaac Newton or to mathematical
minds, and I w ill try to describe their size
in homely, ever day language.
Take the averace farm of a quarter sec
tion of land, or ICO acres, and put over the
whole a roof and you will have just the
amount of space that will be under the
roofs of these Exposition buildings. There
is a sawmill here that will cover an acre.
Tiie machinery exhibits will be in
one hall under a nine-acre roof,
and there will be an annex to this
which will have a roof of six acres in size.
The uuilding devoted to fine arts will be
bigger than the Capitol at Washington, and
you could plant the Treasury, the Capitol
and the great State, War and Navy build
ing inside the exposition Agricultural Hall
ami have room to spare to drive around
them inside its walls. The electricity build
ing covers more space than John Wana
raaker's Philadelphia store, and its five and
a halt acres of floor would give room for
more than the average city block, and the
building devoted to women is as big as the
great pension building at Washington,
w hick covers almost two acres.
Tliirty Acres Under One Roof.
The biggest building of all is that of man
ufactures, which covers 30 acres and which
will be the biggest structure ever put up bv
man. A large part ot the roofs of these
buildings is of glass and it will take about
How Pillars Are D'corated.
SO acres of plate glass for this purpose, and
there will be 120 carloads of glass required,
sr a train load of glass over half a mile
long. The amount of timber used in the
buildings will give some idea of their size.
There will be enough lumber to make a
boardwalk two feet wide from London to
San Francisco, or one four feet wide from
New York to Seattle or Portland. A plank
walk a foot wide could be run around the
outside of the Chinese -arall with this
lumber, and if it were all in big pine trees,
they would make a virgin forest of 5,000
acres.
I spent a long time in wandering about
the manufactures building. It" is the
biggest building ever planned, and it will
have one roof covering 39 acres. Senator
Ingalls came out and looked at it the other
da)-, and as he gazed astounded at its im
mensity, he said: "It is an exhalation!
1'esterday it was not, to-day it is and to
morrow it will have passed away. I can
see how you can fence it, but to roof it
almost surpasses human conception."
The Iiisct Rnlldin: 1-vcr rianned.
Think of putting a massive glass and iron
roof over a 30-acre field! -That is what these
men are doing here to-day, and I saw them
it work putting up the great iron trusses
which will support this root These are
vast arms of iron each weighing more than
200,000 pounds, and these arms spring from
the floor on each tide and clasp hands, as it
were, away up there 211 iect above the
floor. It is a good-sized church that has a
spire as high as that, and there are2Tof
these trusses, and their span is 380 feet.
They weigh so much that 35 piles have to
be driven down for each, and a foundation
of logs and iron built upon them, for they
would grind an ordinary floor to powder.
Each arm is 14 feet thick at the base and 10
lect thick at the apex. They are made by
the biggest bridge building company in the
C :l-p l-yl"V uminrr FgjJj!, fa jlj) 1
J world, and this company will, I am told,
get (000,000 out ot the loo wnicn it noes ior
this building alone. The whole building
will cost $1,500,000, and the lumber in it is
quite as wonderful as the Iron. It would
take 1,100 acres of forest to snpply it, and
it took just five carloads ot nails to lasten
down the floor. Think how much a carload
of nails is, and multiply It by five, and
these nails were used for the floor alone.
History lias No Corapnrl n
You cannot conceive the size of this
structure without seeing it Three hun
dred thousand people could be seated on
the floor and in the galleries, and 80,000
could be seated on the floor alone. The
Coliseum at Home with all its galleries
i could only seat 87,000 people, and it was
never rooted except witn canvas, xou
could put four Coliseums on that floor and
two pyramids as big as Cheops wonld sit
upon it side by side and leave room for the
Capitol at Washington. If the Great Pyra
mid were taken to pieces and carried here,
its material conld be stored in this building
and you could look down upon its masses of
stone from the galleries.
This building is about a third of a mile
long. It has in each of its four sides a pavilion-like
entrance and these to-day look
small. Still each of them is the size of a
ten-story office building and they are only
dwarfed by their surroundings. The floor
is already down in this building and the
trusses are now being pnt up. Thirty great
staircases, so wide that two carriages could
be driven up them side by side, will lead
to wide gallenes,and there will be a street
50 feet wide rnnning through the centre.
With its galleries it will have 40 acres of
floor space, and It tires one to even think of
its possible contents.
I had some idea of the size of these big
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buildings before I came to Chicago, but I
had no conception of how they will look.
The general impression over the country Is
that they will be massive faetory-ltke struc
tures of iron and glass. The 'truth is they
are to be palaces which will look as though
ages had been consumed in their building.
By the aid ot a sort of stucco material made
of plaster and hair in such composition
that it will take all the wonderful finish of
marble and the molding of plaster of paris,
every iron bone in the great skeletons of
these buildings will be covered by the most
beautiful of architectural flesh, and the
whole will be a grand creation of carvings,
statuary, beautiful pillars and graceful
forms.
These carvings will be decorated in colors
and many of them will be plated with gold
leaf and bronze. The Administration
Building is crowned by a great dome 220
feet high and 120 feet in diameter and this
is to be gilded at a cost of $50,000 for gold
leaf, while the interior is to be decorated
with paintings representing the arts and
sciences and the walls will be covered with
sculpture. The sculpture o'n the various
buildings will be one of the sights of the
Fair and the work now being done is won
derful in its beautv. The capitals of the
columns of the Fisheries Building are de
signs of fishes' heads and each building has
The golden door ot the Transportation
Building will surpass in its carvings and in
its cold leaf decoration the lamed temples
ot Bangkok in Siam, and it will take days
to note the beauties of these buildings to
say nothing ot their content!
The Age of Ulectriclry.
Twenty years ago little was known of
electricity outside ot the telegraph. At
this exposition it requires a building of
nearly six acres to hold the different elec
trical inventions, and Edison alone will use
about an acre of space. An electricity firm
of Berlin wants nearlv an acre, and this
firm has offered to spend $200,000 on its
electrical exhibit Edison is gettingup new
matter for the Fair and he proposes to show
his kinetograph and other things which will
be new. The exhibition of electricity in
lighting and in power production will be
shown in the different buildings in a way
never dreamt ot before..
The electric plant of the World's Fair
will cost more than $1,000,000 and electricity
will turn night into day. The Manufactures
Building alone will have 33,000 lights and
there will be 127,000 electric lamps blaring
away every night. The effect of these lights
will be wonderful beyond description.
There are a quarter of a million panes of
glass on the Exposition buildings, and these
will be turned into gold by the glare of
electricity, and the 40,000 panes ot glass in
the Electricity Building will fairly blaze.
Fountains of Jewels and I.akes or Gold.
The electrical water display will surpass
anything ever attempted. The great basin
which runs from the lake to the Adminis
tration Building will be encircled with elec
tric lights and lights will be sunk under
the water, and the effect will be a lake of
cold. The fountains will flow over electric
rays of all the colors of the rainbow, and
there will be search lights, arc lights and
all sorts of electrical appliances, even to
the most wonderful fireworks operated by
electricity and made to go off by the play
ing of the keys of a piano-like instrument,
so that they will change at the will ot the
player and produce wonderful fire pictures.
The prospect of an immense crowd at Chi
cago grows better and better, and the man
agers are now prophesying that there will
be between thirty and forty millions of
tickets sold. The Exposition has been ad
vertised as no exposition has ever been ad
vertised before, and all the newspapers of
the world have been publishing articles
about it. Major Moses P. Handy has in his
Bureau of Publicity and Property writers
of all languages, and letters andnews are sent
out every day in Spanish, Bussian, French,
German,' English and Italian.
What Major Handy Is Doing.
The mail of this department is bieeer than
that of any factory in the country and it
has 37,000 addresses to. which matter is
regularly sent Among'theso addresses are
23,000 people in the United States and
about 14,000 foreigners, representing 80 dif
ferent nations in different parts"of the
world. There are 15,000 newspapers on
the list, and during the past month about
2,000 words a days have been sent on the'
average to these papers, or about one and a
half columns a day. This average has been
kept up for nearly a year.
The bureau gets newspaper clippings
showing that at least 3,000,000 words a day
are'printed about the Exposition and that
about half this is matter sent out by its
departments. Information is sent regularly
to all possible exhibitors. The whole world
is studied and the class of information
likely to move certain people is sent them.
The result is the foreign attendance at the
Exposition will be very large and the peo
ple of every part of the United States are
preparing to come to Chicago in greater
crowds than were at the Philadelphia Ex
position. Will Have Royalty to Entertain.
Quite a number of nobility will be among
the foreigners. Some of the royal family
of England- will probably be here. The
Emperor of Germany, who is a great tra
veler, is thinking of coming, and President
Diaz, of Mexico, will very likely visit the
Exposition, and he is doing all he can to
make the Mexican part of the show a suc
cess. Information lately received from In
dia states that several native Indian princes
and Baiahs will be here and the Shah of
Persia has talked of coming.
Speaking of Mexico, the Pandurb family
of sculpton from Guadalajara are comjng.
They are the finest of Mexico and their por
trait work is wonderful. I met the great
Panduro while I was In Mexico and saw his
model in clay. He oan make a life-like por
trait bust in eight hours and his work has
become famous. There will be a fine ex
hibit of art workB from Japan, and among
the foreign curios in the way of people are
a troupe ot African pigmies which are ex
pected from Tippoo Tib.
The schemes for getting to the exposition
are legion and the, excursion racket and the
installment plans are being worked by agents
and by railroads and by bankers. There are
World's Fair Transportation and excursion
companies all over the United States which
are contracting to take people to the expo
tion, to board tbem a certain number of
days in Chicago and to bring them home
for a fixed sum.
A Brilliant California Scheme.
There is one such company in California
which gives first-class passages to Chicago
in Pullman sleepers and return, furnishes
six admissions to the Exposition and six
days' board all for $180. This money is
paid in installments of so much a week, and
it is on this plan that thousands are saving
for the fair. A Nebraska man says he will
bring 50,000 school children to the Exposi
tion from that State, and there are schools
and acadfmles in England which will send
hundreds of visitors here and which are
agreeing to do it, making the tour last one
month and its cost about $128. A number
of excursion firms have secured thousands
n t.
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of Exposition tickets in advance and ex
cursion touri from Mexioo are being gotten
up which cost, all told, only $260 and last
about 20 days. Then there are Exposition
savings banks, Exposition lottery societies
where the lucky 'number gets the trip, and
all sorts of new-fangled schemes.
I talked with Major Handy yesterday as
to what the city conld do with the crowd.
He tells me that Chicago can easily take
care of a quarter of a million strangers, and
that there will be no lack of accommoda
tions. "The town," he says, "has about
1,500 hotels now and a number of new ones
are being built, and a city of boarding
houses is growing up about the1 Exposition
grounds. Fifty thousand people can be
taken care of in the boarding houses alone,
and the outside towns near Chicago are easy
of access. Tens ot thousands of people
will live in Pullman cars, and parties will
engage such cars to come here, and will
hold them ior sleeping accommodations dur
ing their stay. 9
Wonderful Railroad Preparations.
The railroads are all making great prepa
rations with a view to the World's Fair,
and one company proposes to increase its
tracks and is planning a vast number of
new cars. All of the roads of the West are
putting on new cars, and are improving
tucir WU1UCU3 auu luureusiug ueir jucmues
of travel. I have been West as far as Den
ver, and I have never had such accommoda
tions nor such speed. The Union Pacific
has just put on a fast express from Omaha
to Denver, by which you go to bed in
Omaha and w.ake up in Denver. The usual
time has been about 20 hours, but the run is
now comfortably made in 13, and you can
go by the Union Pacific from Denver to
Chicago in a little over a day, which trip
not long ago took nearly two days. Extra
trains as well as increased speed have been
added, and 1893 will probably see a revolu
tion in railroad transit.
The railway exhibition at the Fair will be
very interesting. A Brazilian road is go
ing to send a model of its line in papier
mache. This road is only two miles long
and it rises in this distance 2,300 feet It
is located near Bio Janeiro. The Baltimore
and Ohio Bailroad has engaged a large
amount of space in the Exposition build
ings and it will show on one line of track
the various improvements in railroad build
ing since it came into existence, including
the old engine which was made by Peter
Cooper.
Cars Blade of Big; Logs.
The queerest car show will be the red
wood tree which is being made into a car at
Tulare, Cat. The tree itself was 390 feet
high, and the two lengths out of which the
cars are made are each 45 feet long. They
are 26 ieet'ln diameter and they have been
hollowed out and windows out in through
the bark. There are to be sleeping accom
modations in one and a sitting room, and in
the other there will be a bathroom, a
kitchen and a dining car. These logs will
be mounted on car trucks and they will
carry the friends of the people who" own
them to the Exposition and will form their
living quarters while there.
I asked one of the Exposition officers td
tell me some of the queer things about the
Exposition. He replied: "The whole show
will be queer and its oddities are innumer
able. The foreign shows will be wonderful
and the streets of Cairo will attract thou
sands. The agricultural show will have all
the fruits of tne United States and we will
have watermelons from New Mexico which
will weigh 100 pounds apiece. In the
Moorish palace there will be $l,OQjD,000 in
gold coin, and the dancing girls of Tunis
and Algiers will be another sight The
first map of the world that was ever made
is to be sent here by the Pope and our
relics of Columbus will give a better idea of
the times of the discovery of America than
any collection ever gathered together. The
management of the Exposition and the Ex
position buildings will be wonderful and
the exhibits will in every respect surpass
those of any World's Fair of the past"
Fbaxx G. Carpenter
70WER OF SELECTION IN PLANTS.
General Belief, In Snch a Theory Exploded
by Recent Research.
It is very generally believed that plants
have the power to select from the
soil in which they grow such substances as
will be of advantage to them in the build
ing up of their structures, or in the healthy
continuance of their lifj This selection
theory, however, has been exploded by re
cent reseircb,and it is now definitely known
that the selective power of roots is practically
nil. Whatever goes into a state of solution
in the soil enters the plant, whether it be
of a beneficial, or useless, or even highly
injurious nature. Certainly some plants
take ;in, for instance, much less. of that
injurious substance silica than others,
but this difference is due to some accident
of structure, or to differences in the natural
function of respiration, and not at all to any
selective or rejectlve power possessed by
the protoplasm of the rout hairs.
Stationery Used by lh-i Queen of Holland
'he Queen of Holland is very particular
about her letter paper. It is all pure white
aid very thick, with crowns and armorial
azonry ot gold, scarlet and blue. The
simpler sorts have only her name, sur-'
oumeo. Dy a crown.
u. : a
TiTTMlj I
GODS OF THE DAKOTAS.
They People Water, Earth and Sky,
With Host Curious Deities.
SOME ARE LIKE MONSTER OXEN.
The M jsterions Ha-yo-ka Who Does Every--,
thing by Contraries.
BIRDS THAT CONTROL THE THUNDER
rCOBBrSFOJfDENCE OF THE DISPATCH.
Sissetok Agency, June 9. When Hen
nepin and Du Iiuth'penetrated the, wilder
ness of the great Northwest in the summer
of 1680, but little or nothing was Jmown of
the Dakota or Sioux Indiana. There were
rumors of a stalwart or warlike tribe in the
far West called by Eastern tribes Nadones
sioux or enemies, from which the name
Sioux is derived. Du Luth was a French
trader and his fur traffic sometimes carried
him far into the unknown territory after
rich stores of pelts reported in some distant
Indian village. In one of these voyages he
was captured by a tribe of wild and un
known Indians.
Louis Hennepin was a French priest who
came up the Mississippi river in the sum
mer of 1680, and was captured, by a war
partv of strange savages who were descend
ing the river on the warpath against the
Illinois. The two men were captured about
the same time, and by a strange coincidence
were taken to the same camp of Dakota or
Sioux and here priest and trader met
The Dakota Name for Whisky.
From them the first reliable information
came to the world regarding the warlike
Sioux.. The eastern band, into whose power
Du Luth and Hennepin had fallen, called
themselves Mdaywakantonwan, or "Spirit
Lake dwellers,", from the fact that they
lived upon "the1 ''numerous northwestern
lakes known under the general -term Min
neawankan, or spirit water. This name has
since been applied by the Dakotas to
whisky. It is1,' compounded of "minne,"
meaning water, -and ','waukan," meaning
spirit ot God,and these lakes were supposed
to be the home -of one of their deities, who
occupies the same relation to the Dakota
mythology which Poseidon holds in the
Greek, and. Neptune in the Roman myths.
These water gods, or; uon-stay-ne, are
supposed to. possess extraordinary vitality
and energy, and are the most powerful of
all the Dakota deities. In external form
the Oon-stay-he are said to resemble the ox,
only they are' of immense proportions.
They can extend their horns and tails so as
to reach the skies.' These are the organs of
their power. The dwelling place of the
male is in the water and the spirit- of the
female envelopsfend animates the earth. To
this family of gods the Dakotas sacrifice
when their boats are wrecked, when the
fish will not bite, or a member of the tribe
or apbny, by some accident is drowned.
'"' I, Here's Another Rib Story.
The first Oon-stay-he is believed to have
been created by Waukan-Tankar or the
Great Spirit himself, and was a male. The
female is believed to have been created out
of a rib of the male. From these two
sprang all the numerous Oon-stay-he, both
male. and female, which are now scattered
through the waters and inhabit every land
scape. 'One tf these gods, it is believed,
dwells under the falls of St Anthony in a
den of awful dimensions.
Another deity of high place in the
Dakota mythology is Wa-se-yan, the thun
der god. This is a being of terrific propor
tions and of the form of a bird. As it flies,
hidden by the black clouds, the lightnings
flash forth and the thunder is its voice.
These gods are also male and female. There
are four varieties. One is black, with a
long beak and has four joints in his wing.
Another is yellow without any beak at all
and with wings like the first, only that he
has six quills in each -wing. The third is of
a scarlet color 'and Has' eight joints in its
wings. The fourthJis "the most remarkable
of all. It is blue and globular, and has
neither eyes nor ears. In the place of eye
brows this singnlar conception of barbaric
emotion has two semi-circular lines of
lightning, from beneath which project down
ward two chains of lightning, zig-zagging
and diverging as they descend.
A Mlcfcfy Palace of Flint.
On the western edge of.the earth is a high
mountain, having on its summit a beautiful
mound on which stands the palace of this
family of gods, built of flint The palace
opens toward the four winds, and at each'
doorway is stationed a watcher a butterfly
at the east, "ft bear at the west, a reindeer at
the north and a beaver at the south.
Each of these Wankan sentries is envel
oped, except the head, in scarlet down of
most exquisite softness and beauty. These
four bird gods are the gods of war, and are
ever ruthless and destructive. A deadly
enmity exists between them and the family
of Oon-stay-he.
The most subtle god of the Dakota
mythology is Ta-soo-shKan-shkan, or the
moving god. He is invisible, but every
where present He exerts a controlling in
fluence, over the instinct, intellect and
passions. He can deprive a man ot his
right senses and inspire an animal with
reason, so that the hunter will wander aim-,
lessly and idiot-like, While the game on
which he hoped to feast his family at night
escapes with ease. "Or, if he be pleased,
this "god can ".reverse the spell. Like
Puck of classic story,' this deity laughs
to see men in trouble, and is passion
ate and capricious to the highest de
gree. Itis ; very difficult to obtain
his favotvw -He is 'particularly glad
to see men die in battle or otherwise. His
symbol and residence is tne boulder, which
is universally worshipe'd by the Dakotas,
and piles of wbich'are to be seen on almost
every hill in this reservation. He also lives
in the lour winds ana in. the consecrated
spear and tomahawk. To .his court and
retinue belong the" buzzard,' the crow, the
fox and the wolf. -vi?.
FrnylnE'to. a God of Stone.
The Toon-kan, or stone. god, is the oldest
of the Dakota deitie When asked why
he is the'oldest,'theTndians say because he
is the hardest Here ''they -doubtless con
nect with the qualityaof endurance, the idea
of duration. The form of the stone "used in
worship is round or oval,' and about the size
of a man's bead. The, devout Sioux paints
this Toon-khan red and. then prays to the
god which dwells in or hovers near it This
seems td belong.to a vety ancient and far
simpler worship than the present among
the Dakotas.
The Hay-yo-ka is the strangest of all the
Dakota gods. There are four kinds, all of
which assume.the hitman form. They are
armed with bow and arrow and the deer
hoif rattles, rlich are charged with light
ning. One of the Varieties is said to carry
a drum and holds a small Wakeyan god by
the tail tor a'drum stick, striking the drum
with its beak. This would seem an unfort
unate position ior a god to be placed in, but
the more strange the more Waukarr. This
god sometimes manifests himself in the gen
tle whirlwind often visible "in the delicate
waving of the tall grass on the prairie.
The Ha-yo-ka is the nnnatnral god and
seems to be an effort of the "savage mind to
represent the paradoxical in nature. He ii
what Edgar A. Poe calls the "imp of the
perverse" and represents the power of con
trary choice. He expresses joy by sighs
and groans and dolelul countenance and sor
row and pain by opposite sounds and looks.
Sweltering at 40 Decrees Below Zira. '
Heat causes his flesh to shiver and his
teeth to chatter, while cold makes him
perspire. In the ooldest blizzard, when the
thermometer is 40 below zero, these gods
seek an eminence on the prairie and pnt up
bushes to shield themselves from the rays
of the sun, under which they sit naked and
fan themselves as they swelter- with heat
In the oppressive heat of summerthey wrap
themselves in buffalo robes with the hair
turned in, lean over a roaring fire, and
shake with cold like one in -fit ot ague
They feel perfect confidence when beset
with dangers, and quake with fear and fly
when safe. With them truth and falsehood
are reversed; good is their evil, and vice
versa. The picture sign, of a Ha-yo-sa is an
old man with a cap on and bow and arrows
in his hand. i
The sun and the moon are also worshiped.
To the sun the most dreadful sacrifices are
offered. The moon is woshiped as a repre
sentative of the sun, and not separately.
The Dakota swears by the sun, and the or
dinary oath is: "As the sun hears me, this
isso."
The armor god, Eya, rhe god of gluttony,
Chan-o-pe-ban, the Spirit of the Medicine
Sack, and other minor- deities have indi
vidual devotees, but all these gods which
have been mentioned are secondary to
Waukan-Tankar or the Great Spirit, and
herein lies, the beauty ot the Dakota re
ligion.
The Essence or Dakota Religion.
This is the Unknown God for whloh the
Athenians of old bad been seeking in vain
among the multitude of their own divinities.
The religions faith of the Dakota Is not In
his gods as such; it is an intangible mys
terious something of which they are only
the embodiment The great object of all
their worship,-whatever its medium, is the
Ta-soo-waukan, which is the supernatural
aud mysterious. No one term can express
the full meaning of the .Dakota's Wankan.
It is all mystery, secret power and" divinity.
Awe and reverence are its due.
All life is Wnukan. So also is every
thing which exhibits power, whether in ac
tion as the winds and drifting clouds! or in
passive endurance as the boulder by the
wayside. Even the commonest sticks and
stones have a spiritual essemce which must
be reverenced as a manifestation of the all
pervading mvsterious power that fills the
universe. The Indian feels that he is in a
world ot mysteries, and is oppressed with a
consciousness that all around him is beyond
his control and comprehensible, it is
Waukan, and it excites by turns his super
stitious hopes and fears thrillingt with joy
or chilling him with tormenting anxiety
and dread.
Everything; Attributed to Wankan.
The forests, streams, lakes, springs, hills
and vales are to him full of awful mystery.
It is Waukan. When he enters the chase
to which stern necessity drives him for sub
sistence the animal he pursues to-day ap
parently shuns his approach, with the
ability of an intelligent being; and to-morrow
seems to be completely destitute of
even animal instinct and has no power to
escape. It is Waukan.
And he pays his religious devotions to
the spirit of the beast whose body lies dead
at his feet He sees at one time a strong
active hunter and warrior seized with pain
and in a few moments expire in awlnl
agony; and at another time he sees another
man waste away almost imperceptibly
through long years without pain and die in
utter stupidity. It is Waukan. Some
times he has excruciating pain in some part
of his own body and the next moment they
leap to another part and then perhaps
suddenly vanish altogether. It is Waukan,
and he hangs himself to the elevated pole
in honor to Ta-soo-shkan-shkan, the moving
god to propitiate the angry deity. To the
Indian all is Waukan. He is a spiritualist
What Olympus was to the Greek, Mecca to
the Muss'elman and Palestine to the Hebrew,
the Sisseton reservation is to the Dakota.
J. H. Leoxabd.
AHXICIPATINQ A PB0FESSI05.
Boys Advised to Look Forward to Their
Lite Work at an Early Affe.
The longer one has a definite goal in
sight and in mind, the more likely one will
be to reach it, writes James Buckham in
Harper"! Young People. It is a great ad
vantage to a boy it he can begin at an early
age.to look forward to his profession, busi
ness, or employment, and direct his ener
gies toward preparation for it. There are a
great many preliminary things which can
be learned about a profession or a trade by
giving one's attention to it at odd moments,
or even by living in the atmosphere
and expectation of it . Jf you ex
pect to be a .lawyer, for instance, yon
can save yourself long months "of study
by-and-by through a proper course of tread
ing in history, political economy, politics,
psychology, and ethics, all of which can now
be had in text books suitable tor buys, and
all of which must' enter into the equipment
of a successful lawyer of to-day. You can
also get a very considerable start on the
practical side ot your profession
by attending eourt cases, and care
fully watching the method of conducting
trials. No matter what your profession is
to he, you can easily, while yet a boy,
equip yourself with some of the preliminary
knowledge necessary to make you successful
in it- The same is true of a trade or" a busi
ness. For my part, I do not see whv most boys,
with due heed to the advloeof their parents,
should not ohoose their employments early
in life, and begin at once to think about
them, anticipate them, and prepare for them.
Why should a young pan wait until he has
graduated from college or until he is 21
years old before he feels called upon to
choose his work in life? What is gained by
so doing now many Doys nave clearer con
victions as to what ther are fitted to do in
life at the age of 21 than at the age of 15?
Very few, I think, witness the number of
college graduates who drift from one em
ployment to another, uncertain what to
settle upon. Let a boy decide upon his pro
fession at 15, and though he may not imme
diately enter upon it, fie saves for prepara
tion all the time which his companion
loses by putting off his choice until he is of
age.
PAPES MADE FE0M BOUGH TUCBEE.
A Seven-Hour Frocess by "Which Wood Is
Converted Into Matrxlal for Use.
In noqe of the mechanical arts has greater
progress been made in recent years than in
the manufacture of book and magazine
paper, many tons of which are used in this
citv every month, says the New York
Timet. Years ago though not too long to
endure in the memory of "the trade" the
process of converting the raw material into
the hard-fib ered and smooth-surfaced paper
essential to the needs of the higher-class
publishing houses, was a task involving
many days of constant care and much
manual labor. To-day the process is ex
tremely rapid, the paper is infinitely better
than before, and much of the manual labor
that was employed in the days ot our fathers
has been supplanted by labyrinths of
swiftly-moving machinery.
It would be difficult to imagine a more
surprising metamorphosis than that by
which the native timber on the Pennsyl-'
vania hills is converted, in seven hours, to
a sheet of clear white paper ready for the
press. Yet this, in brief, is the process
that is going on every day at the New York
and Pennsylvania Company's mills at John
sonburg, in Western Pennsylvania. This
mill is the largest book paper making es
tablishment ih the world. It covers several
acres of ground, and almost as many acres
of machinery. Sixty 'cords of timber are
thrust into the choppers and 90,000 pounds
of paper are shipped from the yards every
day to be cut, printed, and placed on count
less library tables throughout the land.
A Welcome Onest.
Ladies Home Journal. J
When baby comes! The earth wlll.smilo,
And witli her sprlng-ttme arts, bojruile
Tho sleepy blossoms from their rest,
And trnant sons-birds to their nest,
To greet my guest.
When baby comes! Now fades from mind
All thought of self. The world iri owa kind.
Old wounds are healed, old wrongs forgot,
Sorrow and pain remembered not;
Life holds no blot
When baby comesl Metbinks I see
The winsome laco that Is to be.
And old-time doubts and haunting fears,
Are lost In dreams of happier years.
Smiles folloyr tears.
When baby comesl God mako me good,
And rich In grace of motherhood.
Hake white this woman's soul of mine, ,
And meet lor this great gilt of thine,
Iri that glad time.
KESTINTHE.COUNTRY.
Bill Nye Thinks Deaf People and
Cows Can Find It There.
A NIGHT OP FEARFDL ADVENTURE.
Relieving a Correspondent's Hind on Walt
Whitman's Best Yerse.
i BILMTDOUX FROM FRIBND BILE!
COBBfcSFONDlNCE or TltB DISPATCH.!
Buck Shoaxs, N. C, June 16. A night
in the country is one of the most restful
things I know of for the tired mind. I
came here with that idea. 'I needed rest
Iliad been troubled with insomnia. In the
early spring I overthought myself. I had
one great, Kg, robust thought, but I could
not seem to clothe it Clothing a thought
properly so that'it will please the public is
a gift. Quite a number of the most remark
able children of my brain are still weeping
In the great bathroom of the past because
they are not suitably clothed.
Some of .them I sent to the Browning
Club, of Boston, where they are being fitted
up. I had Intended at first to try New
York, but Anthony Comstook never took
his clothes off for ten nights, hut sat up at
the Pennsylvania depot watching every
train and ready to hop on the first bare
thought I dared to send in for suitable
drapery.
So I was nervous and especially wakeful.
I came here into the pinery forest where a
metropolitan sound wonld be a wonder. I
retired early, for I was tired of travel and
gorged with man's adulation.
Oh, rock me to sleep, mother,
Bock me to sleepl
I exclaimed.
The Music or the Whlppoorwlll.
Pretty soon a whippoorwill started up
rio-M. rinse, to the house. ' If I had not
"been nervous I would not have noticed
it, but as it was I got sort .of irritated,
for he went into it so much harder than
Putted the Pitcher Over.
anybody wanted him to. If he had gone
steadily on all night I could have slept, but
he did not He had an impediment in his
remarks, and sometimes he would quit
right in the middle of the word and I could
almost grow mad waiting for him to finish
it
Then the clock in the library struck. It
does not strike right, and I wondered how
far off it was, so I got up like a tall, white,
rectified spirit and began to reach for a
match. I have two match holders in mv
room, so that when one is empty I canjtl
ways fall back on the other. I fell back on
the other almost the first thing I did. I
stepped in a flaxseed poultice and tracked
it arouud over the room while feeling for
the match safe with outstretched hands,
between which I generally had the edge of
a door. The first safe Ifound after a good
deal of delay and annoyance, but it only
had the other" end of two matches not the
bad end. After I had tried both of them in
the usual manner, forgetting that the
trousers on which I had generally ignited
mv matches were on a chair in another part
of' the room, I began once more to feel
around the room for the other safe, ever
and anon crossing my old flaxseed poultice
trail.
The Nlc Soft Feelins or Soof.
By and by I judged that I struck the lo
calitv, for I was in the neighborhood of the
fireplace. I could smell the old embers. I
began to grope, and succeeded in getting
both arms up the flue quite a long, distance
before I knew bv the soft, nice feeling ot
the soot where i was. Then I went back
and tried it over again, falling over a chair
that had pillow shams on it In the morn
ing I could see where I fell over the pillow
shams and Baved myself with my. grimy
hands.
I now tried the wall, groping along with
some care and an occasional dab of soot till
I knocked down a picture on a rich and
costly Sevres vase which I kept calamus
root in. I will have to keep my calamus
root in something else hereafter. By and
by I found some more things, but not the
match safe. I got sort of wild, and every
thing about .the house seemed so still.
Isn't it terrible when a man has that horri
ble feeling" in' his own house, as though he
might be robbing it How glad 1 am that
I never perfected myself as a burglar, as I
had intended to'do at one time just after I
gave up my little paper in the West For
what a life it is; all night work, all among
strangers who haye no sympathy for one,
often coarse people, too, who sleep with
their mouths open and their rooms shut
A Stranger Called Out the Hour.
The other matchbox is over the wash
stand, and when I found it I did so too earn
estly. When you discover anything you
should not do it too hard. I knocked down
the match safe as I discovered it, and all
the matches fell in the water pitcher. I
tried to get them out quick, before they got
wet, and so pulled the pitcher over on the
floor. As the water ran down through the
floor upon a friend who is visiting us and
paying his board, he rose and followed up
the stream. When he got to where I was
he told me what o'clock it was and then
went to bed again. So 'did L
The whippoorwill once more opened up
and played his tune over- and over again
till I put on an old pair of 'ear muffs and
stuck my head into the bedding as far, as I
could, but I could not get the noise out
Then, at 1 o'clock, an old rooster at the
barn seemed to have something on his mind
and began to crow till he, was black in the
face. I was not very hungry for breakfast,
but I managed to eat the second joint of the
rooster. I wanted it raw,, witn the feathers
on, but the family thought it would be bet
ter fried a little on tho outside. ,
The Advtntnra of Two Cats.
After the rooster an early bird began a
roundelay, and a pack of hounds near us
made a few statements, lasting till 4 o'clock;
then L was just getting sleepy, from actual
exhaustion, when two cats fell on the roof
from a sreat height, possibly out of some
other planet,-1 judged, add began to bite off
aud spit out fragments of each other. They
did that till the whippoorwill got good and
rested. Then he took up the exercises and
attended to business until the" servants be
gan to get' Up and open the house prepara
tory to ushering in a gladsome new day.
The oountrvjs full ot rest and renose and
longevity, they tell me, but they are con
lined largely to deal people ana cows Dur
ing the past week I have been resting
quietly and noiselessly trying to grow to
gether again. Two weeks ago I began
horseback riding at the suggestion of my
physician, who - is a thoroughly good mail
and senior warden and tyler-in our church
here. To-dav my pulse is normal; respira
tion noticeable; temperature 73f. My
physician reports some abrasions and one
severe concussion of the cornice. He says
ii .
that if I had been fatter there would have
been a number ot flesh wounds.
He and His Horse Didn't Agree.
I was trying my new riding habit from
Boston. My riding habit was formed there.
But where I erred was in trying the habit
without blinding the horse, ion can t
come into full bloom that way all of a sud
den on a horse that has had no advantages
and who has never been accustomed
to a great big burst of loveliness
A JbB Like Adam'i.
So we came home from the trial by different
roads. When my wife saw the palfrey com
ing home wearing the saddle over-his
stomach, she said that it was just like me to
send home the horse draped that way just
to please the dear ones before I got there
mvself.
My fall reminded me very much of
Adam's, it was so sudden and so hard. I
fell more painfully than the author of
"Beautiful Snow," but I can overcome it in
society quicker. It was the most painful
thing that has happened since the war, and
inside of 20 minutes I met all the people of
North and South Carolina with whom I am
acqnalnted.besides 70 or 80 from New York,
who are here for their health and watching
to see better people fall oft their horses.
I have always said that the roads here
should be macadamized, but if they can be
upholstered at "the same price it would suit
me better.
Walt Whitman's Best Poetry.
A correspondent from Ocala wants to
know which, in ,my judgment, is Walt
Whitman's most enjoyable poem. Without
hesitation I would say that the most enjoy
able one. because the onlr one. barring
"My Captain," perhaps, which I can under-
siana witnouc oversumuiaung , mjicu, is
one containing the following:
I think I conld turn and live with animals,
they are so placid and self-contained.
I stand and look at them long aud long.
They do not sweat and whine about their
condition;
They do not He awake in the dark and weep
for their sins;
They do not make me sick discussing their
duty to God.
Not one is dissatisfied, not one is demented
with the mania of owning things:
Not one kneels to another, nor to his kind.
that lived thousands of years ago;
Not one Is respectable or unhappy over the
whole earth.
It ie no more poetry, perhaps, than the
annual tax list for 1892, but it has ideas in
it, and ideas are going to hurt no man.
Poetry is a queer thing. I enjoy it where I
find it unconventional and from the heart
Mr. Biley writes me from Dulutb, and
drops into poetry so gently and so grace
fully that I must run the risk of vexing him
by quoting a page from his letter.
A Page Prom Mr. Itlley's letter.
"But," he writes, "what shall I tell you
of my first impression of America as I set
foot on Duluth soil or in It rather for it
is raining still, as it has been for the last
'few months, in a war that seems very hard
to overcome. Albeit, as Brother Bright
waters might cheerily remark.
Onl what so grand as a Hay day scene?
The fields Is green and the woods is groen,
And the skies Is jolt as the cooing dove
Tou have heard so highly spoken of.
"Back seven miles from here I began to
note evidence of northern latitude, as com
pared with that so recently left in Indiana.
For instance, althongh I Had three pairs of
underclothing, I noted with regret that I
was wearing two pairs of them in my grip
and not where my third pair was growing,
oh, so cold and distant Then quite a few
knit jackets on low, soggy and sinister pas
sengers began to appear, who talked in un
accustomed tongues and with a dialect that
smelled fishy and that sort o' glittery yellow-whisky
tang that never yet was seen on
sea or land.
The Old Buffalo Overcoat.
"Also at the stations along the route began
to appear the object which the curious tour
ist first takes for a dead cow imperfectly
buried, but which upon nearer approach
proves to be our old friend with the buffalo
overcoat that otttimes barks and snarls at
our accute sensibilities as we jolt onward
with the grand march of civilization. But
the dear old bovine overcoat is goingl
It Is wearing awa', Jean,
Like snaw when It's thaw, Jean,
And Its haunches aro a', Jean,
As bald as the tomb!
There's cark there and care, Jean,
And wear and tear there, Jean,
But there's mighty little hair, can,
Unsocked np the flume.
This word' is a little obscure In the
original, but looks some like "deemed" or
"denied," out evidently is neither or these.
B. N.
Poetry like this does not bear the marks
of the coldcbisel, and the smell of blasting
powder is not on it, but oht how truthful it
isl How the buffalo overcoat of the North
west, with red flannel lining to it, and the
odor of the tepee and the dead and nn
cholorided past rises up before the eye of
one as one reads these simple yet truthful
lines to one s sell. KILL JS ye.
7E0K STOWAWAY TO CAPTAIN.
A Plucky lad Who Got a Start In the World
Instead of a Thrashing..
New York Sun.l
Twenty odd years igo Capt E. A. Mar
wick, of Portland, late master of the bark,
Bose Junes, found a stowaway on board his
vessel just after leaving a German port for
the United States. Calling the ragged and
half-starved boy aft, Capt Marwick, who
never was noted for amiability, asked what
he meant by coming on board his vessel, and
told him to prepare lor the soundest thrash
ing he evergot. The boy replied that a
thrashing was jnst what he expected. This
excited Capt. Marwick's curiosity and he
Questioned the boy who said that he had
been accostnmed to daily thrashings at
home and thought that he couiunotpossiDiy
fare worse as a stowaway on an American
merchantman. At this Capt Marwick's
anger changed to admiration for the plucky
lad, whom he soon afterwards adopted.
The old Captain has now retired from the
sea, and the poor stowaway commands the
Bose Junes, and has a wife and children in
a pleasant home at Farmicgton, where the
man who gave him a start in the world in
stead of thrashing him often visits.
Magnesium Hand Limp.
Anew magnesium hand lamp will be
welcomed by amatenr photogra pliers. The
new lamp differs from the other ribbon
burning lamp in requiring the use of only
one hand ior holding and feeding. The
feeding is done with the thumb and first
finger, the ribbon passing under a rubber
band and then through a slit in the reflector
into the flame of the spirit lamp. t The lamp
can be freely moved about during exposure,
causes no dirt and prevents the possibility
of burning the fingers. v It can also be used
with advantage in the exhibition of magio
lantern effects, in which it can replace the
old lamp for showing any special or extra
dense slides.
What Qaern Victoria Will Send In Onr Fair
Queen Victoria has promised to send
specimens of her own knitting aud spinning
to the women's section at the Chicago Fair;
and also some pictures which she painted
when a girl. Princess Beatrice, Princess
Louise and Princess Christian will also send
specimens of embroidery and needlework.
OATMEAL IN, SUMMER;
Water Saturated Witlx It Is Better
Than Beer for Workers.
LIGHTING UP A5 ENEMY'S CAME,
A Method of Jldministering- insBsthetlei
1 hat Eemores Danger.
NEW THINGS FOE THB MCICLEBI
rWBTTTXS TOR TEX DISPATCH.:
With the advent of the hot summer daya
the old discussion as to the best drink for
sustaining the energies of laborers under,
prolonged effort rn the open air has been,
revived. Farmers and other employers
have for a long time pinned their faith to
beer as a beverage for their workmen, but;
oatmeal has for the lost few years been
rapidly growing in iavor, and apparently
with just cause.
A strong support to the advocates of oat
meal has been given by a recent experience
on the occasion of the conversion of the
broad gauge which has been retained so dog-!
gedly by the Great AVestern Railway Com-i
pany in England to the narrow gauge now'
adopted universally in that country. The
conversion had to be effected with the utmost
dispatch, and the length of line to be trans
formed was over 00 miles. Five thousand
men worked two successive days of 17 hours'
each, with only short intervals for meals.)
Throughout this exceptional strain nothing
bnt oatmeal water was imbibed by the
laborers, and its refreshing, thirst quench
ing and sustaining power was unreservedly
admitted.
Another valuable piece of testimony to!
the merit of this modern rival of beer is the
fact that many cricket clnbs have adopted
oatmeal water as the regulation tipple of;
their active members while a match is
being played. It is found that men play
better cricket and an infinitely better game
than where Jieer was thought to be the only
thing that a cricketer ought to drink, with
the advantage of no undesirable reaction.
The method of manufacture is simple.
Put a liberal lump of ice into a pail with a
few handfuls of oatmeal; fill up with water,
add the juice of a lemon and a little sugar,
only just enough to give interest to the de-'
coction, and the result is a drink that any I
man will be grateful for on a sweltering;,
dog day.
The Canning Industry.
The process of canning forms one of the
most important industrial discoveries of this
century. It preserves the flavor and nutri
tious quality of the edible fibre from
decomposition, and enables man to keep
for years what in the course of nature
would go to decay in the space of a few
days. The art of hermetically sealing
goods was discovered about 1809, and from
that time to this there has practically
been no improvement in the process.
The principle of canning or hermetically
sealing of fruits, vegetables, meats and
other products is simply to exhaust the air
from the articles canned and hold them in
this nearly vacuum condition nutil used.
The desideratum is to obtain a complete
vacuum in the vessel. Complete success
has not yet been obtained because the air
contained In the fruit cells is sufficient of
itself to create the gases which, when gen
erated, produce fermentation in a short
time, and thus cause the destruction of tha
product It is possible that an antiseptic or
acid might be used in connection with the
vacuum obtained by the air pump to over
come for a time this fermentation, but nnder
the best conditions now obtainable the re
sult would be doubtful, and any improve-,
ment in the process is likely to be in the ,
direction of producing a more effective "
vacuum. The vacuum principle of cooking:
meats is one that, conld it bo carried out in
the general household, would produce most,
satisfactory results. The oldest fowl, com
ing out of the steam chest after a two
hours' cooking, becomes a delicacy and is as
tender as the finest rapon. The toughest
steers or oxen come out ot the tin can ten
der enough to please our English cousins in
the form of roast baef.
Matters of Interest to Cyclists.
A combined crank and pedal pin made
from one piece of metal, thereby saving
nut, etc., 'necessary to connect the two in
the ordinary way, is coming into vogue. ,
Hi is combination is intended chiefly for use
on racing machines, where the saving of
weight that it renders possible is a matter
of great importance. An interesting noveltr
is a steam bicycle, to be run by a boiler 13
inches by G inches, suspended from the up
per frame rod of an Armand model B, with
gasoline for luel. The boiler has a regular
steam gauge, and is supposed to stand a
pressure ot 50 pounds to the square inch.
The cylinders arc 2 inches and the piston
rod is to act on gearing in the crank shaft
The gearing is arranged 5 to 1 for crank axle
and i for rear wheel, which gives about a
CO-incn gearing. In n recent list of patent
theatrical appliances is a device to aid in
producing the illusory effect of a bicvole
race on the stage. It consists in a bicycle)
mounted to have its wheels free from con
tact with the surface on which it appears to
run, its front and rear wheels geared to
gether, and its pedals tree to be operated by
the rider. The supports o the machine are
secured to and projected up from a carriage
adap'ed to be moved over the stage. The
carriage carries suitably arranged duct mak
ing devices, operated by the motion ot the
bicycle wheels,' whereby the illnsory effect
of the race is rendered more effective.
Ingenious Adaptation of the Flume.
A novel and exceedingly interesting adap
tation "of the flume has been made in Mon
tana. At the smelting works of one of the
largest silver and copper mining companies
in the treasure State it was found neces
sary to take extraordinary steps for insur
ing the wood supply, which had become ex
hausted in the surrounding country. A
flume was consequently constructed, which
ran from the works to the most available
forest 28 miles ofl. Down this flume will
be floated every stick of wood used in the
company's works. The wood is cut into
slx-toot'lengths, and there are feeders along
the line, so that wood can be slipped in at
various branches if desired. There are now'
10,000 cords cue in the mountains ready to
be sent down. The singular point is that
the water which brings down the wood
supply is made no other use of.
Administration of Aocmthetlcc
It is claimed that the danger of adminis
tering chloroform is reduced to a minimum,
if not entirely obviated by a new invention.
The invention eonsists of three main parts.
namely a two-ounce graduated bottle, closed
by an air-tight fitting cap, through which.
two tubes are made to pass. The tubes are J
of unequal length, the long one being con- (
nected with a BJchardson's bellows and the
short one attached by means of rubber
tubing to a vulcanite face piece. The face
piece is provided with a respiration indica
tor in the shape ot a tiny feather, by which
the respiration of tbe patient can be con
stantly observed. The quantity of anas
thetio vapor given is regulated by the com
pression of the bellows.
An lee Steamer.
An ioeboat of new design is to be tried
next winter. It is well known that the or-'
dinary iceboat is entirely dependent on the
wind, but the new vessel carries a steam at
tachment which renders it entirely inde
pendent of that source of. motion. The
craft is of the usual iceboat form, hut is pro
vided with, a small boiler carrying 250
pounds pressure of steam and a small en
gine working on a pair of cogged driven .
Si
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