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PITTSBURG-
DISPATCH, SUNDAY MAT 29. 1892. " I9
WDMEN1NC0MMAND
Educators of the Fair Sex
AYI10 Are Fast Winning
Fame in Pittsburg.
MEN BEING CKOWDED OUT.
Ability to Shake Bad Boys and Wield
the Birch Not Needed.
Act has displaced the bod.
Boards of Managers Find the Fin de sliecla
Tolicy a Success.
SOME LADIES FK0M1NENT IN THE 'WORK
'
T lias been some
thing like 50 years
since women began
to have iny promi
nence in the school
work of the city.
Men at first had a
monopoly of teach
ing school, as they
have had ot every
other kind of work,
and the pioneer
women teachers, in
their acquirements,
bore about as much
resemblance to their
sisters in the field
to-day as do the chil
dren in the primary
to the college pro
fessor. The infant
school, where little
was taught besides
the alphabet, the elements of needlework
and the catechism, was woman's first ven
ture into the great field where she has now
so many and -worthy representatives.
The names of these old-time teachers are
now nearlv all forgotten. In the public
schools men were always principals They
well Lnew how to wield the birch rod and
to compensate for deficiencies in informa
tion bv a grim and awlul face; dignity and
mutele were then considered of more vital
importance than education.
F.ow changed it is to-day. "Women, who
can scarce carea fly if they try, nor shake
nba-1 boy no matter how much they may
wish to,.rule in the place of these dead and
Helen E. PcUeircau.
gone professors. It is enough to make
them turn in their graves. Instead of worn
out ministers and lawyers, women are to
day at the head of colleges, or are the power
behind the throne. And some people, even
men, admit that we are coming close to
the Agustan age in educational work.
A Lender of the Profession.
Miss Helen H Pellctreau, President of
Pennsylvania College, stands at the head of
the list of women educators of "Western
Pennsylvania. For 14 years she has been
in charge of Pennsvlvania College and
daring the time the school's advance has
been rapid. "With larger means there is no
reason why it may not advance to the rank
of Wcllesley, Tassar or Smith's. In its
tome-like qualities it is probably far ahead
of any of those schools, for Miss Pelletreau
takes'a personal interest in each one of her
pupils.
Miss Pelletrcau comes of a good old 2""ew
England iannlv, notable representatives of
which were Jonathan .-
Edwards and Olner
Ellsnm'h. Her first
work m teaching was
in Ne Knland her
home Later she went
to Ohio, and after
ward to Iovra. In
172 s.he cjme to
Putsburgas an aist
unt to the President
of Pennsvliania Col
lege, Dr. Strong. On
the resignation of that Cn
gentleman in 18T8,the gi
uuvee cimx; ner as -o- ,
Acting President un- sA
111 a suitable min ;7?lpl35vj"
rvuill np fnnml fo fill lUr.f-4 C
zzz " ' .: . ,:: : mi '
iir iuuiiu. fur, JI
must be said, the trus
tees never lor a mo- 2Itss Hare.
iraat thought a woman capable of holding
so respons.ble a position. "Women as col
lege presidents were rarer than they are
now. But during her term as Acting Presi
dent, Miss Pclletreau displayed great busi
ness insight and executive abilitv, and the
trustees, who, to their credit be it recorded,
knew a good thing when they saw it, lost
no time in electing her to the vacant presi
dency. Since that time her history has
been the history ot the school. During the
past year the pupils of the college have
been endeat or:n; to raise money lor the
loondmg of a scholarship in the school, to
be named in honor of their President, the
Helen Pelletreau scholarship. It Is to be
devoted to the use of such worthy students
as are unalile to complete their course on
account ol lack ol means.
Taiiclit cliool Tt hen ft Child.
Mrs. E. J. Coster, lady principal of Bow
man Institute, was borna teacher. When a
little girl in a beautiful Maryland home it
was her delight to catner abound her the
njiall darkies of the plantation and en
deavor to impart to them the latest bit of
information she nad gleaned from books or
governess. When she grew to be a young
ladv she had her classes among the slaves
on the estate, and tauglit them how to read
and write, as well as instructed them in the
great truths ol religion. Her work among
the nrgrocs soon began to be noticed and
talked ot. When a number ot benevolent
people in Baltimore started a mission school
lor the benefit of such slaves as could pro
care their master's permission to attend,
she was asked to become one of the teachers,
and, although one of the youngest, was one
of its most successful instructors.
When tne war came, and through the
freeing of the slaves she lost her in
heritance, what had before been only a
pastime she determined to make her life
work. Soon alter the war she came to
Pittsburg with her husband who was in
vited to the principalship of Bishop Bo
jsau Institute at Penn avenue and Fourth
street. At that time the school was
rather run don u, but in a year the ability
of Dr. Coster and his talented wife began
to have erv evident effects. Mrs. Coster's
education was obtained through govern
esses and private tutors of whom she had
ml i
If I
n ii i
j
fulfil
. i-SR?2Si3k:
tfmmm
'C"j
the best. Beside helng a'fine teacher she
has considerable literary ability. Her
face is one that inspires confidence and a
desire to please the very dullest of her
pupils. She has soft gray eyes, rosy cheeks
and a smooth white forehead from which
the rippling gray hair is softly drawn back.
Her benevolences are wide and she has a
specially warm corner in her heart for
those of her own sex who are bread winners.
Educator, Author and Mtulclan.
Miss Sarah H. Klllikelly Is the daughter
of the late Bev. Dr. B. B. Killlkelly, a
well-known clergy
man ot the Episcopal
Church, and the
grand Jaughter.on her
mother's side, of
Bobert Brown, one of
the original settlers
and an extensive land
owner in Kittanning.
She has been closely
associated for 20 years
with the educational
work of Pittsburg
only giving upalarge
and successful school
JLTui Loudon.
some three years ago
for a more important work, that ot prepar
ing classes for European travel. She has
given in a book her ideas of education for
the young. Her first principle is to inspire
a desire lor knowledge. Besides her literary
work Miss Killikelly ranks high in the city
as a musician and organist.
Miss Klllikelly is about the medium
height, is reserved in manner aud has a fine
intellectual lace that lights up wonderfully
when she talks on one ot her favorite sub
jects, art or music. Her pupils include
women of the highest social rank in the
city, and one may see the same women that
grow most enthusiastic at the afternoon
lecture over a fine piinting or piece of rare
marble leading the iashionable cotillons of
the evening.
Tho Itnlers of MontJSte. TJnoIe.
"Without something in regard to the good
sisters of Mont Ste. TJrsule, whose work,
although it has gone on so modestly, is most
important, this article would be incomplete.
Mother Francis, the present superior, is the
sister of her predecessor, Mother St. Ger
trude, and at the expiration of the latter's
term was elected by the nuns. Both ladies
are remarkable for their wide and thorough
intellectual attainments as well as for re
finement ot face and high-bred manners.
They are creatly beloved Dy the pupils over
whom their influence ior good is boundless.
The graceful, modest maidens with their
ladylike ways ana manifold accomplish
ments make one wish convent education
more popular than it is if it really could
eradicate the Daisy Miller type of girl.
Miss Jennie Italston, principal of the
Xormal School, on Miller street, connected
with the High School.
received her profes
sional training at
Burts'if ormal School,
a one-time popular
educational institu
tion of this city. She
was for a number of
years assistant prin
cipal of the Ralston
School. She was trans- -
School shortly after,
on the oiganization of
a normal department.
From thence, with an
increased salary, she
was called to the prin- j, Jcnnte Ballon.
cipalship of the ML
Albion School. On the solicitation of the
Board of Control, and at an advanced sal
ary, she, in 1887, returned to the Normal
School. She has a wonderful fund ot gen
eral knowledge, is at once enthusiastic and
thorough in her work, to which lacts may
be attributed much of her success.
Mrs. A. H. Xorcross, wife of the Presi
dent of the Pittsburg Female College, has
been intimately connected with the work of
the college during her husband's term of
office. She acts as its preceptress, and some
years ago was engaged as an active teacher.
Mrs. 2f orcross is very much admired and re
spected by the school.
An Example of What a Woman Can Do.
Miss Martha J.Grant is principal of the
Grant School, which has long been at the
xan in the yearly strucgle for admission to
the High School. The high rank of the
school during the 13 years which she has
been at its head has been a great factor in
the advance of women in local school work,
as those ot her own sex point with pardon
able pride to the Grant School's record as
an example of what a woman can do. She
is a woman of great force of character,
genial and progressive. She was one of the
pupils of Prof. John Kelly at the First
ward, Allegheny, High School, and first
taught in Allegheny. She soon came to
the Grant School, and in April of 1879 suc
ceeded the Hon. H. I. Gourley as princi
pal. Miss M. A. Hunter, principal of the
Bellefield Schools, Oakland, has probably
the most desirable
charge in the city.
Her private office is
handsomely fur
nished and the school
is supplied with
every known con
venience. As assist
ant principal she ex
hibited so much abil
ity that on the death
of the late principal
she was elected al
most unanimouslvto
fill the vacancy. She
is a woman of fine
intellect and popular
among her fellow-
JlfTs M. A. Hunter.
teachers as well as among a wide circle of
lnends. In 1888 Miss Hunter a value to
the school was proved by its board electing
her for a term oi three years instead of the
usual one year term.
Miss Maggie E. Hare can do many things
well beside controlling the machinery of
one of the largest schools on the Southside.
She was a pupil in the institution where
she now is Principal, the Birmingham.
Some of her ex-pupils are members of the
School Board, and all but 4 of its 13 teach
ers were her pupils. She began at the foot
ot the ladder, the first grade, and gradually
worked her way to the top. She has always
lived in the Twenty-eighth ward. At the
yearly examinations for Hich School her
pupils always stand high, and are said to
be specially proficient in writing and draw
ing. The school has the reputation of doing
the best marching in the citv and having
the best mannered boys and girls, although
their surroundings are not always the best.
A Pablic-spiritrd Teacher.
Miss Hare was one of the pioneers in the
local Chautauqua literary movement, and is
a graduate in the first class of the C. L. S.
G Several summers ago she spent a
lew months in Europe, where her wide
reading and quick perceptive faculties en
abled her to see much that escapes other
tourists. On her return, at the earnest so
licitation of several literarv and benevolent
societies, she lectured on w'hat she had seen
abroad, the result of her observations being
given in bright original talks that were em
inently successful. .Miss Hare is activelr
interested in charitable work, the South
side Hospital being one of herlavorite char
ities. She is prominent in the Central
Xoung "Woman's Christian Association
work, holding a responsible position on its
Educational Committee. She was elected
Principal of the Birmingham School in
1882.
Miss Mary McElroy, Principal of the
Hancock School, has the pleasant reputa
tion of possessing more friends than she
can count in a month's vacation. Likewise,
her school has the delightful reputation of
having lajt year rivaled the Grant School in
coming out nrst best on the High School ex
amination. She taught four years at the
Grant School under Superintendent Lucker
and then accepted a better position at the
Hancock School. In 1885 she succeeded
Prof.J. G Dolan as Principal. She has a
winning manner that explains in great
measure her skill in governing. Tall and
fine looking, with plenty of ambition and
talent, the future has great possibilities for
her.
Miss Jennie Simpson.who, two years ago,
succeeded the veteran teacher, Prof. Leon
ard H. Eaton, in the principalship of the
Forbes School, is, with two exceptions, at
the head of the largest school In Allegheny
tx "vyM." jUiUiUjmi. vv
county. She has met with success since
her accession, keeping up admirably the
high standard to which its former able prin
cipal had bronght it. Miss Simpson is
bright and popular, and deserves all the
success she has had. For some vears she
acted as Prof. Eaton's assistant.
Had Two Fins Offers at Once.
The Sterrett School is situated in the
most aristocratic district in Pittsburg, on
Homewood avenue. The majority ot its
pupils corns from homes ot wealth and
culture, and its principal. Miss Laura
Parker, is such a woman as the citizens out
there would demand. She came from the
East, having received her education at a
woman's college in the Cumberland Valley.
She was assistant principal of the Miners
Tille School, and during the prolonged ill
ness of its executive head, acted as princi
pal. After she had been made principal of
the Sterrett School, a vacancy occurring at
her old school, its directors asked her to ac
cept the position of principal. It is prob
ably he only instance in this city where a
woman has had two such desirable positions
at once open to her. She remained with the
Sterrett School, where she reigns over the
finest school building in "Western Pennsyl
vania. Its windows summer and winter are
filled with flowers, and neither money nor
time is spared to make it a perfect school
home.
Miss Boe McCleary would, if she but let
her light shine before men instead of as she
hasbeen doing for some time hiding it under
a bushel, be widely known as one of tho
ablest dramatic readers the city affords. In
consequence ot the increasing duties and re
sponsibilities ot her position she has almost
entirely given up her elocutionary work.
She was at one time one of the finest insti
tute instructors in elocution in Pennsyl
vania, and had more requests for her serv
ices than time would permit her to accept.
She is at the head of the Mt. Albion School,
one of the largest and most difficult to man
age in the city. Of course her pupils excel
in reading.
An Advooate of Physical Cnltnre.
Mrs. M. B. Bedman, is Principal of the
Humboldt School She was born on the
Southside, aud has lived the greater part of
her live in the ward where she now is. She
taught before her marriage, and after four
years' absence returned to her school work.
She has been in charge of the school eight
years, succeeding Prof. George T. "Wilson.
She is a slight, rather fragile-looking little
lady, and one wonders how she manages to
keep the big bad boys in order. Somehow
she succeeds to perfection, and has a school
that is a model of good behavior. Physical
culture is given special attention, as she
believes that children to be good must be
healthy.
In charge of the Soho School is Miss M.
G. Louden, who has rapidly come to the
front as an earnest, progressive teacher.
For a term of years she was assistant prin
cipal ot tne scnool, then was placed at its
head.
Miss Nannie Mackerell was elected prin
cipal of the Moorhead School, Granville
street, last September, and citizens of the
ward as well as the School Board are de
lighted with the way she is running the big
school on the Hill.
Mrs. K. 3T. Hani, who succeeded Father
McTighe at the Monongahela School, while
her school is a small one, has made so much
of a success of it that it will be but a ques
tion of time until she fills a more respon
sible position. She is bright, energetic and
popular.
Miss E. M. Xoung, of the Highland
School; Miss Ella McCutcheon, ot the
Knox; Miss Mary McMullen, of the Miners
vine, aud Miss Virginia Hunter complete
the list of Pittsburg's women public school
principals. It is a long list, longer than
will be found even in larger Eastern cities
whose inhabitants turn up their cultured
noses at Pittsburg as being "slow and con
servative." If figures speak for themselves,
Pittsburg is the school teachers' paradise.
HANKERS AMONG THE GATJCHOS.
Fecn'iar .Etiquette Observed at the Table
Even by the Savages.
Probably there is no people in tho world
so uncivilized as not to hare among them
selves a code of manners, more or less
strictly defined, says the Youth's Companion.
Mr. Bishop, while on his thousand-mile
walk across South America, was impressed
with this fact He describes a rude meal
which he shared with a company of cart
drivers "almost savage gauchos" in
whose company he was then traveling.
"We encamped near a swamp, and supped
upon sliced pumpkins, boiled with bits of
meat and seasoned with salt. The meal
was served in genuine pampa fashion; one
iron spoon and two cow's horns, split in
halves, were passed around the group, the
members of which squatted upon their
haunches, nnd freely helped themselves
from the kettle.
Even in this most uncivilized form of
satisfying hunger there is a peculiar eti
quette, which the most lowlv peon invaria
bly observes. Each member of the company
in tnrn dips his spoon, or horn, into the
center of the stew, nnd draws it in a direct
line toward him, never allowing it to de
viate to the right or the left. By observing
this rule, each person eats without inter
fering with his neighbor. Being ignofant
of this custom, I dipped my horn into the
mess at random, and fished about for some
of the nice bits. My companions regarded
this horrid breach of politeness with scowls
of impatience. They declared, with some
warmth, to the cook that gringos did not
know how to eat, and, "as they lived upon
dogs in their own distant country, thev
came to the great Argentine Bepublic to
get food and grow fit on the gauchos." I
apologized as well as I could, and en
deavored thereafter to eat according to
gaucho etiquette.
HOT QUITE THE 8A1IE,
A Guide "Who Persisted in Using Bad En;
rllah
Instead of Indifferent French.
Pearson's 'NVceitlr.
Slight mistakes in speaking a foreign lan
guage, or in understanding it when some one
else speaks it, are commonly nothing more
than amusing, but a member of the Alpine
Cinb mentions an instance of a more serious
nature. He was climbing one of the Alps
with a guide, who, as he says, persisted in
talking bad Enelish instead of indifferent
French.
My guide had just crossed a snow bridge
over a wide crevasse, and turned to await
me on the farther side. I asked him if it
was weak; he answered, "No strong."
Naturally I attempted to walk across it
instead of crawling. I had almost reached
the other side when the bridge gave way,
and alter a delirious scramble to save my
self, I subsided helplessly into the crevasse.
However, I did not go far, and when I
had crawled out with snow down my neck
and up my arms and in all my pockets, I
discovered that my friend meant "Not
strong." I strongly enjoined him to reserve
his English henceforth lor use in the valleys.
TABLE ITJBNING IN CHINA.
How the Almind-Eyed Med I am Conducts
a Celestial Seano?.
As things go by contraries in China, we
find the phenomenon of table turning re
versed; in other words, Chinese tables, in
stead of turning on their legs, whirl around
on their heads, with their legs pointing to
the ceiling. The directions usually given
are to place a couple of chopsticks at right
angles across a mortar or bowl filled with
water, and upon these the table is turned
upside down. Four children are then
called in and to each is assigned a leg, on
which one hand is gently laid, while the
other seizes the free hand of a companion.
The medium then reads an incantation, and
soon the table begins to heave with emo
tion, and at last revolves, carrying the lads
along with increasing velocity, until the
table is whirled off its axis. The Chinese
are said to implicitly believe that table
turning is the work ot devils or spirits, yet
it is never performed save for the sport it
yields, nor do they ever attempt to hold
communication with the. spirit world by this
means.
A CLOUD AND A NOD.
Two Minor Incidents That Contrib
uted to Napoleon's Overthrow.
THEEAINTHATFELLONWATEELOO
And the Feasant Who Beckoned 1,500 lien
and 2,000 Hones to Death.
A FATAL NEGLECT OF THE INFANTRY
IWBITTEH FOH THE PISPATCn.
It was a splendid plan of battle, omitting
consideration on weather, that Napoleon
had conceived for the field of "Waterloo.
That it miscarried was no fault of his. A
possible factor appeared that he had not
considered in his reckoning and changed
the destiny of Europe.
There was one other little incident and it
may be said that the inopportune passing of
a cloud and a peasant's nod laid low the
greatest military genius of the word. He
probably erred in that he did not plan for
the possible, and considering that it was
glowing June probable exigency that
came, and it is now easy to criticise the over
sight, it such it was.
Napoleon was the grand apostle of artil
lery. That is to say, he advocated and
understood to the fullest the potency, the
effect of noise, thunder, echo, reverberation.
It lends a dignity to war to have the earth
shake, to send great spheres of iron shriek
ing through the air, even if there be but
paucity of execution. The gleam of bay
onets and the flash of sabers are imposing
spectacles, but these also count their slain
in small numbers.
Delay in Ilcatlne Hli Tom-Toms.
Therefore it was, when it rained on the
night of the 17th of June, 1815, that the
ground was soft on the morning of the fate
ful 18th, and the heavy thunder wagons
otherwise artillery could not maneuver.
The Emperor was equally great in egotism
and war. Thus it came that the great tom
toms could not be boalen until the ground
had gained some resistance. Otherwise, the
battle would have commenced before G A. M.
and might have been victoriously finished
for France in eight hours. It began 30
minutes before 12 o'clock. In that delayed
forenoon lay the overthrow of a world.
The plan was good, was a master stroke
of genius, had not nature interfered. "What
right had nature, which was vanquished in
the passage of the Alps, to form a lactor in
the schemes of the hero of Austerlitz ? The
great Napoleon could waste no time nor
modify a plan to reckon rain.
It was nature that had showed her frigid,
glittering teeth and had spat her snow on
him in Russia and hurled him backward on
his frozen columns, in his Moscow cam
paign this time she smote him to the
death with an exuding summer cloud.
Yes, his battle- plan was admirable to
hurl into his antagonist a thunderbolt, to
rend him in twain and dash him to the
earth but it was a contract made by only
one of the parties to a birgain.
It Gave Bluccher Time to Come.
As a feat, this t is no longer considered
great Little things are sometimes potent
Five and one-half hours, and this gave
Bluecher time to come. At a little before
5 o'clock in the long June afternoon the
Prussians turned the tide. Had it begun at
G a. M. it might have been ended three
fiours before the arrival of the coming sup
port; as it was, Bluecher was the hinge on
which swung the fate of the modern Alex
ander the turn that affected the destiny of
a hemisphere.
The points in the battle of "Waterloo can
best be illustrated in the lines of the capi
tal letter A. The space in the triangle
above the crossline ot the letter and beyond
is tne plateau ot .Mount bt. Jean, tne posi
tion of the forces under Wellinston. "We
are looking at the field from the French po
sition. The crest of the plateau is this side
of the crossline, a,nd there is a slope down
ward from the crest, beyond the base of the
A, which the French must ascend. The
left stroke is the road coming down from
Mount St. Jean, just above the apx of our
diagram, three iniles to Hougoumont, at its
Ion er end. There, arc Beille and Jerome
Bonaparte. , Five miles . further down is
Nivelles. The right hand line runs- down
two mjles to La Haile Saintc,then two miles
more to Li Bell Alliance there is Na
poleon. This road, in another stretch of
three miles, reaches Genappe, in still
another threev strikes Quater-Bras. "Water
loo village is five miles north of the point
of the A, Brussels nine miles further on.
An Old Road of Tremendous ConstqannCB
Just a little lower than where the right
stroke is intersected by the connectinc;
crossline, is La Haie Sainte and the cross
line itself, represents the sunken road be
tween Ohain and Brained'Allend. This
depressed road becomes of tremendous con
sequence in the ensuing conflict
At a point equi-distant from the outer
lines, and a half mile or so below the cross
cut, the finnl orders were given to close the
battle. The area comprised in the upper
part of the A, is the objective point in the
whole struggle. As regards position, the
allied forces under Wellington had the best
of it, as they were up and on the defensive;
Napolcou was below and on the offensive.
This is what was to be done: Like huge
wedges the two French columns were to fol
low up the outer lines of the A, converge
near the point, split the allied line asunder,
hurl the lragments right and left, sweep the
plateau like a whirlwind, seize Brussels,
toss the English half into the sea, the Ger
man contingent, like swine, into the Mensc
and their poetic Bhine this, was Napoleon.
This was the Napoleonic plan the plau of
"Wellington was otherwise.
Beginning or the Great Rattle.
Near midday the ground was more firm,
the gun carriages and caissons swung into
position, and now from the cannon that had
pealed forth victories on the Spanish Pe
ninsula th'e great battle was opened. A
vigorous response came from the defenders
ot the plateau. As soon as the artillery
duel was wen under way, the infantry was
advanced, under cover of the guns, and took
a position from which their fire could be
made effective on the allied cannoniers.
The exchange of iron was probably not far
irom equal, but the French pieces were evi
dently served with truer aim, and their
musketry was terftbly destructive.
It was an ideal conflict in the Opening
hours. All Europe was witness and su
premely interested, and the roar was deaf-'
ening.
Two hours passed and while the change
was trifling as to positions, the English
manifested the greater exhaustion. "With the
French, the contest waxed louder and more
earnest Between tile hours of 2 and 3,
their lines bad perceptibly advanced. At
3:30, the English situation had a decidedly
somber hue. The Frencli had taken La
Haie Sainte and Housoumont was behind
them the center still held, it was a com
pact knot and "Wellington had it reinforced.
It stoved the points ot the wedges blunt, as
had it been granite that they struck.
TVcIllncton Rose to the Crisis.
Heroism was there, such as comes only in
supreme crises, when men are transformed
to gods. To Hill's request for orders, should
their commander fall, "Wellington re
sponded, "follow my examplel" To Clin
ton, brief but earnest, "hold thisspot to the
last man I"
Grouped with him in this fateful crisis,
were comrades in his victories in Spain,
from the triumphant fields of Salamanca
and Vittotia.
Four o'clock, and the English line is
wavering, staggering. The wedges, now
fused into one, are not penetrating, but the
log is hammered back. The stubborn wall
yields to the crushing impact of shells and
bullet's; the crest is clearing ot all save ar
tillery. '"Wellington is withdrawing. The
old gleam came into Napoleon's eyes, his
face was losing its cold mobility, and he
started up to see the plateau clearing the
last cloud passing!
Ah! "Wellington driven back into the for
est ot Soignies this, then, the overthrow of
England, now for the grand finale the act
Napoleonic! Europe at his feetl
But first a messenger is dispatched in hot
haste to Paris to announce the victory.
From the forest still came sounds like re
ceding thunder retreat, but in order and in
condition to rally. One grand final charge
across the plateau, andNapoleon is supreme
in Europe!
Thought His Victory Was Assured.
Milhaud's giant cuirassieres with col
lossal horses are ordered up, and with great
pomp, for the day was to be historic. And
it was, but in history not intended. Back
of the platean's crest, under cover of bat
teries masked by the wood, lay the allied
battalions, with muskets at their shoulders,
calmly awaiting the onset. They could
hear the rising tide of the 12,000 hoofs of
the coming squadrons, the clanking ot
sabers, the deepening tremor of the coming
throng, but neither side could vet see the
other.
Otherwise, ominous silence till the on
coming torrent had cleared the roll of the
crest, then, with a glittering saber-sweep,
in all the magnificent panoply of war, the
gray-mustached host gave a deafening shout,
not for France, nor lor humanity, but for
one man "Vive 1'Empereur!"
But alas! It was a fateful as well as fatal
charge, such as in all the annals of war has
had no parallel. Just as the curve is
gained, the'heavy troop charging madly on,
the right of the column of horse reared in
wildest uproar. Bent only on the utter
annihilation of the foe, they saw so quick,
that magic seemed to place it there, be
tween them and the enemy a sepulcher
that sunken road, four yards deep between
its steep sides, the foremost hoofs on the
brink for them, direst of all horrors, that
hell on earth a living grave!
How was it?
"Wellington had withdrawn a little
farther back from the hideous trap, and the
elated French rode madly on. Flushed
and impetuous they came with the mo
mentum of a herd of wild cattle on the
pampas, each forward rank in turn pushed
by those following until the ravine was one
mass of writhing, striking, shrieking,
struggling, neighing, groanins creatures in
mortal pain and terror, the flesh in this
dreadful trench ground into one common
mass, and, when finally full, the rear rode
over and on.
Men Burled in Horseflesh.
Here was the grave for 2,000 horses and
1,500 men. This was the first breaker
against which dashed the tidal swell of vic
tory, lo tl'e question as to whether
the way was clear of obstructions, the guide
is said to have answered with a nod, not
comprehending that in a military sense
for a charge of cavalry the deep-worn
road, was an obstacle. How could he fore
see that the supremely egotistic weakness
ot the Great Emperor must find expression
in a grand equestrian pageant in the exodus
of that conflict?
In that peasant's nod was focused the
tremendous fate of empires.
While this horror was in progress, into
the survivors commenced pouring an iron
hail from GO hitherto concealed cannon.
The daring cuirassiers, terribly diminished,
were not dismayed and at once plunged into
the unequal contest. Ney was not satisfied
that the way was as clear "as represented and
had obliqued one column to the left
under DeLord, which arrived entire,
while Wathir's only fell into the
treacherous snare; these and the
survivors rode into that belching hail and
environed the English in a tempest of mad
dened fury. This force, now virtually con
tended against the whole English army, as
no support could yet be at hand. No can
non could cross that writhing grave. Valor,
such as earth may not often know, was in
vain. The English infantry would not
yield, as with knee on the gronnd, the first
rank met the onset with the bayonet, and
the next rank with ball, while behind were
the cannon charged, then the squares opened
tor a volley of grape to vomit, then closed
again.
A Fatal Neglect of Infantry.
In the midst of all this, why was the
infantry so fatally forgotten? It was to
them that the pursuit should hare been
assigned, and not to a spectacular charge of
cavairy. .even yet, tne day mignt nave
been retrieved. So soon as the fiercely
assailed battalions, under Wellington began
to waver that practical commander sustained
them with his cavalry. Had the assaulting
cavalry but been supported by the infantry.
But it was a day of errors. Soon came
another event in this tragedy. The cuiras
siers are assailed. They had annihilated
more than half their stubborn opposers aod
were pressing hard the remainder, and now
on their flank they are assailed u ith Eng
lish cavalry under" Somerset and German
under Domberg. Yet, even in the face of
all this accumulating misfortune, it was a
question which must yield two infuriated
and mortally wounded giants-in a death
grapple which shall first bleed to death?
It was now nearly 5 o'clock and Welling
ton's salvation Bluecher or night!
And now a sight welcome to the one,
despairing to the other a line of bayonets
comes into view, the slanting sunlight danc
ing on the polished steel Bluecher hurry
ing over the hills of Frichmont! Five
thirty o'clock. Then into the devoted
cuirassiers commenced to pour a storm of
lead and iron, roaring volleys of grape,
charges of fresh cavalry, but with a disci
pline, such as elsewhere has never been,
that guard went down to death i ith accla
mations that rose above the voice of battle.
A Grand Machine in Pieces.
Late, too late, Napoleon galloped up and
down his shattered line, but Ins entreaties
on the rest of his army were of no avail.
The grand military machine was breaking,
disintegrating into irremediable nnd ine
trievable disaster. An end had come to all
discipline, to all rank, to all authority.
From this cauldron of woe, this cataclysm
ot horror and ild despair, in woods, field,
path, road, valley, hill, bridge in loud out
cry and in mute anguish, with demoniac
curses and piteous, unavailing supplication
to heaven for succor, fled 40,000 soldiers
bearing the uniform of France, in the
abandonment of unreasoning panic in irre
pressible terror and dismay.
This was the obverse, an inverse side to
the picture, lay on the ghastly field, in the
deep drifts of the dead and dyihg, in that
sunken Golgotha agony, terror, torture
that cannot be expressed.
When the trees had commenced to cast
lengthening shadows and hours before the
smoky leaves were
"Dewy with Nature's tear-drops"
Napoleon had fallen. A bloody vampire
a hideous nightmare had been banished
from the brain of Europe. N.
ALMOST A NATIVE.
Was Not Born in tha Parish, but Doubled
HI TVeicht in Six Tears.
Pearson's "Weekly.!
"Are you a native of this parish?" asked
a Scotch Sherifl of a witness wjio was sum
moned to testify in a case of illicit distill
ing. "Maistly, yer honor," was the reply.
"I mean, were you born in this parish?"
"Na, yer honor. I wasna born in this
parish; but I'm maist a native for a' that"
"You came here when you weie a child, I
suppose you mean?" said the Sheriff
"Na, sir; I'm jist here about sax vear
noo."
'"Then how do you come to be nearly a
native of the parish?"
""Weel, ye see, whan I cam' here, sax
year sin', I jist weighed eight stane, an'
I'm 17 stane noo, sae ye see that about nine
stane o' me belangs to this parish an' the
ither eight comes frae Camlachie."
Hoir to Care Ehrumatlm.
My wife was confined to her bed for over
two months with a very severe attack of
rheumatism. "Ve could get nothing that
would afford her any relief,and as a last resort
gave Chamberlain's Pain Balm a trial. To
our great surprise she began to improve
after the first application, aud by using it
regularly she nas soon able to get up and
attend to her house work. E H. Johnson,
of 0. J. Knutson & Co., Kensington, Minn.
"WSU
Wix mhucsre Aw3isos. at Mamaux 4 Sons
539 Penn avenue. Tel. 1972. Thsu
HOUSEKEEPERS' WOES.
Pro Biley Tells of the Pesls Ameri
can Women Know So Well.
THE TROUBLESOME BUFFALO MOTH.
Persistent Little Insects That Rain Choice
Furs and Wraps.
EDLES FOE GETTIXG BID OF THEM
tWBITTBN TOn THE PISrATCn.l
N the United States
the good housekeeper
has a harder time to
maintain her position
than has her sister in
England or any other
European country.
Not only are house
hold pests more nu
merous in the United
States, but they are
also more prolific and
hence harder to fight,
and Pittsburg is no
exception to the rule.
One of our very worst pests, but one which
fortunately is still confined to the more
Northern States, is, singularly enough, a
European insect which is not noted as doing
much damage abroad. It is the so-called
buffalo bag or buffalo moth, and though not
strictly -a moth, may be reasonably consid
ered in this article on account of the charac
ter of the damage which it does. The buffalo
carpet beetle, as it should perhaps more
propcrjv be called, is a small, grayish
brown beetle, with red and whitish spots
upon its back. It is seldom noticed in this
condition, but it lays eggs from which hatch
rather elongate, brown, hairy larvae, which
are known to housekeepers from Portland
to Chicago. In this form the insect is
thicker toward the head, and perhaps from
its humped-up appearance the name "Buf
!. :! ii , j . !. -,., i
a.v nua uiigiuuuj nppueu to ii, aitnougn
there is another theory that it first appeared
near the city of Buffalo, N. Y.
An Importation That Thrived.
As before stated, it occurs in Europe, but
upon its introduction into this country,
like so many introduced pests, it spread
and multiplied with astonishing rapidity,
and at present does more damage in a single
year than it had done in the generations in
which it has been known to naturalists in
the old country. There has been a more or
less marked change of habit since its in
troduction, Jbnt the reason for the greater
damage which it docs with us lies princl-
Carpel Uettte or So-Called Buffalo Jiofft.
A, larva; b, ventral view; c, pupa; d, adult
(All enlarged).
paily in the fact that carpets are less used
in European countries, waxed floors being
more common, with rugs which are fre
quently beaten. Under these conditions
the insect has not the same opportunity to
breed undisturbed that it has under "our
closely-tacked carpets, which are removed
only at the semi-annual or annual house
cleaning. There is no easily applied and perfectly
efficacious remedy for this pest, and it can
be eradicated from a household only by the
exercise of the greatest care and patience
and a good deal oi manual labor. It does
its worst work in carpets, but will feed upon
all woolen goods and fnrs. It has no par
ticular seasons, but breeds promiscuously
throughout the year, one generation over
lapping the other, so that all stages may be
found at almost any time. There is, there
fore, no particular season at which remedial
work can best be done, aud the regular
housecleaning time, whenever that may be,
will answer as wel.l as another.
lienzlno and Hot Soap Suds.
All carpets when taken up should be
thoroughly beaten and then sprayed with
benzine and allowed to remain in the sun
until the odor is thoroughly dissipated.
The floors should be sprayed with benzine,
and then washed with hot soap suds. All
cracks in base-boards and wainscoting
should also be sprayed, and closets particu
larly should be thoroughly overhauled and
cleaned in the same way. If the floors
have not been carefully la'id, and the cracks
are wide,thee should be filled up with
wax or with plaster of pans in a semi-fluid
condition, so as leaye no harboring places
for the insect in any stase. Tarred roofinsr
paper is a good material to cover floors with
before the carpets are rciaid.
Another very similar pest has been at
tracting considerable attention of late. It
has so tar received uo name. It is a black
beetle, about twice as long as the Buffalo
carpet beetle, but more blender in propor
tion. Its larva is also more slender and
has not the enlarged forequarters. The
hair upon the body of the larva is brown,
but it is not so ere'et as in the larva of the
other form. It scientific name is Attagenus
piceus, and it may be called the black car
pet beetle. This insect has done some little
'damage in furniture warehouses in "Wash
ington and I have received it from Penn
sylvania, Ohio, Indiana and ' Illinois. It
works in a very similar manner to the fore
going species and may be treated in the
same way.
The Insects That Attack Cloth.
Of true clothes moths we have three im
portant species. All three are ot European
origin, and all are now found almost all
over the world. They may be readily dis
tinguished by their methods of work. The
common species, the larva of which makes
a case about itself in which it works, is
called tinea pellionella. The form which
makes a silken gallery along the cloth or
fur upon which it is feeding is called tinea
tapetzella, while the third species makes
neither a case nor a gallery, but transforms
within a cocoon made by ebbing together
with silk bits of cloth or fur or feathers.
This last is known as tineola biselliclla.
In the latitude of Washington and fur
ther south tineola bisellielja'is the common
est species. It feeds upon w oolen clothing of
all kinds, furs "and feathers, and I have
known it to ruin a large stock of camel's
hair brushes. It spins a certain amount of
silk wherever it goes, and in the Southern
States it has two annual generations, the
moths appearing twice a year. The moth,
shown at figure 2, is of a uniform delicate
straw color. Tne commonest species at the
North is tinea pellionella (Fig. 3), which is
readily distinguished from the last by the fact
that the moth has dark spots upon its wines,
while the wings themselves are of a darker
general color. They make their first ap
pearance in Slav, and occasionally fly as
late as August The lemales are busy all
this time searching for places in which to
lay their eggs. They fly preferably at
night, but are occasionally startled from
their hiding places during the day. They
seek the darkest corners and wriggle their
way through the folds of clothing for the
proper places for oviposition.
Ths ljxrtto Constrnct Cases.
The larva; hatching from the eggs con
struct cases for themselves out of fragments
of cloth upon which they are feeding. The
case is cylindrical in shape and is en
larged from time to time by the larva as it
grows. This enlargement is accomplished
by the insertion of gores. The larva be
comes full grown toward winter and re
mains quiet until spring, when it transforms
to a pnpa within its case, the. end of which
it closes with silk. At this time they are by
no means alwavs found in the immediate
vicinity of the place where they have been
working, as they instinctively crawl away,
sometimes mounting quite to tho ceiling of
uic room or cioset in wnicn wey nave de
veloped and attaching their cases in the
angle between the ceiling and the wall.
All corners and cracks should therefore
be searched for these cocoons when house
cleaning is done in the fall or spring. The
third species, Tinea tapetzella, as shown in
figure 4, is vividly marked with black on
the basal half of its front wings, which are
white from the middle out In habit this
insect resembles the others, but its larva, as
previously stated, forms a silken gallery
mixed with fragments of cloth, and destroys
much mere material than it needs for food.
It remains concealed in some portion of its
gallery and rapidly retreats to anotherplace
when disturbed.
Bow to Get Bid or the Pests.
The remedies for all these moths are the
tame, and comprehend a thorough house
Tmeola EUellieUa.
A, ad nit: h. larva: c, cocoon and empty
pupa shin (enlarged). Fig. 3 Tinea pelli-
onella (enlarpeil): a, adult; b, larva; c, larva
In case. Fig. Tinea tapet zella (enlarged).
cleaning, such as had been indicated under
he head of the Buffalo carpet beetle, as well
as great precautions in putting away winter
clothing during the summer. This is a sub
feet upon which almost every housekeeper
has her own ideas. In practice I have
found that paper bags and linen pillow
cases answer the purposes very well, while
I have also recommended the use of tailors'
large pasteboard delivery boxes, closed by a
strip of paper pasted around the lid. These
boxes are cheap and spacious, and clothes
may be packed in them to the best advan
tage. It is of supreme importance that the
clothes should contain no eggs or larva;
when they arc packed away, and with this
in view they should be thoroughly beaten
and exposed lor some hours to the direct
rays of the sun, and even, when it can be
done without damage ordiscomfoit, sprayed
with benzine.
In the Northern State", as just indicated,
the moths lay from May to the 1st ot
Aueust. After the latter'date there is lit
tle danger that eggs will be laid. In the
South, however, additional precautions
must be taken, as a second brood of moths
will be developed, which will lay their eggs
up to date in the tall. In rooms kept at a
uniform high temperatnre from late in the
fall until early in the spring, there may be
two generations even in the North, and this
point must be borne in mind.
a "V. RlLEr.
Improvement in Galvanizing Iron.
A process has been discovered which de
monstrates the influence of small percent
ages of foreign metals on the Quality of a
metallic product It has been found that
the addition of a mere trace (.OS ounce) of
aluminum to a ton of zinc makes a'galvaniz
ing base which insures a highly crystalline
and permanently brilliant and adhesive cov
ering. Now that lead galvanizing and cold
electro-zincing processes are being de
veloped for cheapening the manufacture of
coated iron and steel wire and plate, the in
dustrial importance of this discovery is con
siderable. EIILIAED3 WITHOUT THE BAILS.
An Interesting Slimlo Game That Aston
ished tho Onlookers.
Chicago Times.
According to an eye-witness a peculiar
incident happened one evening recently in
the billiard room of a hotel at Tacoma,
Wash. The room was crowded and all of
the billiard and pool tables were occupied
but one. Two gentlemen entered the room
attired in full evening dress. Engaging a
billiard table the boy brought the balls, but
the players, to his utter astonishment, told
him they did not need them. liemoving
their top poats, cqats and hats, they took
cues and commenced a mimic game.
They made the customary moves aronnd
the table, studied apparent plays, made the
customary grimaces at misplays, and regu
larly counted their strings. A wondering
crowd gathered about them. They thought
the men were crazy. A" funny part ot it
was that they never smiled, took the "guy
ing" ot the crowd serenely, and, when tfie
points were marked up, paid for the game
and unconcernedly walked out. The solu
tion of the mystery was that the imitation
game was played on a wager.
THS BBAIH OF AN ANT.
It Is Smill, bat It Contains a Wonderful
Amount or Intelligence.
Harpers' Younfr People.
Although an ant is a tiny creature, yet its
brain is even tinier. But although it is
necessarily smaller than the ant's head
which contains it, yet it is larger in propor
tion, according to the ant's size, than the
brain ot any known creature. This we can
easily believe when we read of this insect's
wonderful powers. The quality of instinct
or sagacity does not fully explain some of
the stories told about them.
The best writers upon ants those who
have made the astonishing intelligence of
these little insects a "special study are
obliged to admit that they display reason
ing ability, calculation, reflection, and good
judgment. Such qualities of brain show a
more than ordinary instinct, and we are not
surprised to hear that the ant's brain carries
ont our idea that he possesses a higher in
telligence than is shown by other workers
ot his size.
A aiost Remarkable Weddln; Dress.
When Mdlle.' Morosow, of Bussla, mar
ried some few months ago, her father's
friends and pupils devised a wonderful gift
for the beautiful young girt. It consisted
ot probably the most remarkable wedding
dress ever made. The foundation was of
white satin and covered with small paint
ings, all in miniature, of allegorical sub
jects dealing with love and matrimony.
This garment has been, it is hardly neces
sary to say, very carefully preserved, and
would prove an addition to any art gallery,
as it comprises the work of the most cele-
Drated liussian artists.
Champuli Awsixos, latest out, at M amau
& Son's, 639 Penn avenue. Thau
Re?.-'
A TEST FOR THE EYES.
It Obyiates the Tedious Trials Opti
cians Have for Patients.
THE DETECTION OF FIEE DAMP.
A Fruit Grower Who Defeats Jack Fro3t bj
filing Tee ironnd Trees.
ODD BITS OF ETERT DAI ECIESCa
rWBITTIX TOR THE PISPATCn.I
The necessity for a visit to an optician Is
one of those thinzs that comes to all men
soon or late, and when it does come it usu
ally involves a tedious and formidable ex
amination. The theory of the optically
perfect eye is that parallel rays of light en
tering it are brought to a focus on its retina.
Any deviation irom this condition consti
tutes an error of refraction, and requires
for its correction an artificial variation of
the luminous rays. The generally adopted
method of determining the refraction of tho
eye is to use test types placed at such a dis
tance that the rays of light emanating front
them may be regarded in practice as paral
leland the deviation from parallelism ne
cessary to correct a refractive error is
effected by placing a lens in front of tho
eye. There are many other methods of
changing the course of luminous rays com
ing from a test object, and of these the sin
qle convex lens is the simplest and the most
often used in optometry.
Some of the instruments used do not serva
to determine the visual acutenes3 becaus
of the change in the size ot the retinal im
age which they produce; the measure of vis
ual 'acuteness is given by the size of the re
tinal image, and the acuteness of vision in
one eye is comparable with that in another
only when the size of the smallest retinal
image that each can distinguish is known.
An ordinary optometer is fitted for the sim
ultaneous determination of visual acuteness
and refraction only on condition that tha
retinal images of all eyes examined by it
have the same size.
A new instrument is being used by tha
most progressive opticians, which fulfills all
the required conditions, without the disad
vantages of the single convex lens. The in
strument consists ot a cylindnral tube about
15 centimeters long, mounted on a stand
and so fixed as to admit of regulation for
height and inclination. It contains convex
and concave lenses so disposed that as tha
patient looks into it the state of his vision
can be quickly ascertained, and thus tho
usual somewhat trying ordeal of prolonged
examination is dispensed with.
Patent Dlylnln Bottle.
In connection with the subject of curiosi
ties of patent offices a well-known technical
and scientific writer mentions a peculiar
patent that was taken out in England by an,
American in 18S9. The object of the inven
tion was to enable precious metals to ba
discovered by a process "commonly known
as divination, and it consists in a composi
tion which has a strong attraction and
affinity for gold and silver, the attraction,
resembling somewhat that of magnetism."
The composition, which was made up of
gold, silver, quicksilver and copper, was
placed in a small vial or flask, with a quan
tity ot dilute nitric or tartaric acid, or pura
alcohol, and to the neck of the flask was at
tached a cord about 20 inches in length. Tho
wording of the patent proceeds: "In using
my gold and silver finder the instrument is
held, preferably by the thumb and fore
finger of the right' hand, and steadied with
the left hand. It should be held steady.but
not cramped. Then, if there are any
precious metals in the immediate neighbor
hood, the flask will be attracted by such
metals and will move "toward them at first
and will then vibrate, thus indicating
presence of the metal sought for."
.Automatic Hetfction of Fire Damp.
A valuable addition io the many forms of
apparatus used for the detection of fire damp
has been made in the introduction of an au
tomatic detector of great sensitiveness and
absolute certainty of action. A series of
tubes through which the air of the most
dangerous points of the mine is pumped, ara
conducted into a chamber in which is
lighted Bnnsen burner. When the gases
contain more than G per cent of methane,
the mixture ignites and moves a valve,
whih strikes a gong and thus gives warning.
Smaller quantities of explosive gas can ba
detected by adding to the mixture known,
quantities of methane. Another advantage
of the apparatus ii that the condition ot tha
air of a mine can be ascertained before any
one entera the workings.
Applying Ico to Fruit Trees.
There is a fruit grower in Kentucky who
evidently thinks a great deal while sitting
under the shade of his own vine and figtree.
He noticed that in three out of five years
his best apples and peaches were killed by
March frostj and he set himself the problem
of finding some means of so prolonging tha
winter in his latitude that the trees would
not wako from their hibernal sleep until
spring was far advanced. After trying
various experiments he hit on the idea of
digging a circular trench around the roots
of each tree, filling it with pounded snow
and ice, and then covering up with a thick
stratum of clay. The plan was perfectly
successful. The ice melted, but so slowly
that its influence kept back the flowers
from three to four week's.
Stone Cornice Cutter.
An ingenious instrument is now used in
Italy for the cutting of stone cornices,
moldings, balustrades, etc The general
features of the machine arc very similar to
those of the ordinary metal planing ma
chine. The stone to be operated upon is
firmly clamped on the bed, to which a re
ciprocating motion is imparted by suitable
mechanism. The cutting tools are carried
ou a saddle plate capable of horizontal
movement upon a slide bj- mean3 of a screw
and handle. The slide is, in turn, capable
of vertical adjustment on slide pillars by
means of bevel gearing and screws. Tha
machine turns out 16 feet of cornice, well
finished, in 20 minutes.
Bicycles and Telegraphs.
In view of the attention now being de
voted to experiments with the bicycle for
military purposes, it is interesting to know
that the telegraph authorities in many cities
in Prance have corns to the conclusion that
the bicycle can be utilized most advantage
ously in the prompt delivery of messages,
and the telegraph messengers are being pro
vided with "safeties."
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t druggists and dealers. Price 3S cents a 2
box. new xotk Depot, 36s CanalSU
mfssrJrZfSmxl
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