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COWBOYSJT WORK,
A Eonnd-Up Day With the
Picturesque Herders of
the Northern Eange.
CUTTING OUT TEE CATTLE
The High Art of Catching and Brand
ins a Yearling Steer.
HOW HE MAKES USE OP HIS TOICE.
Minute Description of the Beds Made intlw
Open Meadows.
DETERMINING OWNERSHIP OP OALTES
nvKixi'EN- for rat disfatch.1
The Northern Eange is the Western
stockmen's name for a large area of the
grazing country in the colder Rocky Moun
tain region. The area comprises Idaho and
Wyoming, with adjoining strips of Northern
Utah and Colorado, the western ends ot Ne
braskaand Dakota,and the whole of Southern
Montana. It contains more square miles
than France; "Wyoming alone is larger than
New York and Pennsylvania combined.
The aggregate population of this great
stamping ground ior cattle is not more than
350,000. Within its limits but one town
Cheyenne can count as many as 10,000 in
habitants. 'J.he development of the general
resources of the range has hardly yet begun.
Of all its productions, seven-tenths move
on hoofs. Its actual governing power has
for 15 years been the "Wyoming Stock
growers' Association, under whose advice
CUTTING OCT
itocfc laws have been passed by the Legisla
tures and under whose control the stock
saen's herds have been annually gathered in.
Given 200,000 unfenced square miles of
the earth's surface, on which range at will
2,090,000 head of cattle, the property of
thousands of men, and how may each owner
garner his own harvest of beef? This is
the grazier's problem on the Northern
Eange. The round-up begins about the
middle of June, often with mud, wet grass
and freezing nights, to add to the other
miseries of the tenderfoot then breaking in
ei cowboy life.
licupment of a Ifound-Up Party.
The many round-up parties are numbered,
and each has its own territory to look alter.
In one round-up party may be 150 men; in
another not more than 50." Each party has
Kioreman, wiinmo or tnree assistants, in
charge of general work, a ranch foreman
having control only when working in
his own herd with his own men. In a party
of a 100 men perhaps SO will be in the em
ploy of 12 to 20 of the nearest ranch owners.
The rest of the partr. coining in ones and
twos from more distant ranches, are on hand '
to look out for cattle far from home, it being j
an ordinary thing to hnd strays 200 miles or
even more from where they were turned
loose the year before. To every 10 to 12 men
in a party are a mess wagon and a cook. A
cowboy on the round-up has a string of six
to nine ponies, the men of each mess usual
lv holding their animals together and tak
ing turns at night herding.
The day's routine of a round-up party at
work on the range is, first, gathering cattle;
second, separating them according to own
ership; third, branding calves.
As early as 3 a. sl the call "Roll out!"
Is passed "through the camp. The night
herders have already driven the ponies in
ciose at hand. The cowboys, hastily rolling
up their bedding and throwing it on the
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BRANDING
wagons, go in among the rcstles ponies and
select their firn mounts. The sleepy cooks
btir themselves preparing breakfast.
Can'p fires are in a few minutes fiVhing red
lights in the misty gray of the early dawn;
cow bovs are here and there wrestling with
t hvingand buckingbronchos; some men, try
in:: to bridle up, are flying about at the end
ot a lariat like the tail boy in crack-the-whip:
others, in the saddle, are tossing up
and down in the air with the motions of a
bounding lootbalL
Tli Itoatinn ot a Day" Work.
Camp has awakened noisily, and the
racket goes on until the riders stt off. The
skirmish and scramble of saddling up over,
the men shout and clatter during their
hasty snack, and then off the troop of riders
po. Camp is in a moment as still asagravc
jard, no one left but the cooks. They are
Catherine scattered tin cups and plates, and
in itttnng imprecations at the careless cow
brvs, u hone the cooks' province to growl.
The loreman, leading the troop, makes
di-ect for a point 10 or 15 miles from camp,
tellmzotl men right and left by the way,
so ill -.posing of them, up ravines and over
piauaus, a3 to cover the grazing ground to
be i.rked over during the day. Each man,
thus pien his duty, goes ofl as far as some
niuu'al dividing line between ranges a
high dnidt, a mountain, a marsh, a sand
wane or a s-trcam. Returning from these
outfits, tic riders conjointly scourapor
tio:i n . mir.ry into which outside cattle are
not l.kelv soon to wander. The rendezvous
Is ui.aliv at a spot about midway between
camp and t'.e furthest point reached by the
niost a'Hanced post ot the party. The
conbov's drive-in is at times rich in ad
Ttniu'c T'ie cattle, meekly obeying
droiers' calls such as "Whoop-ee!" "Git
along'" 'Hay-ho!" head the way they are
diiven. B.it antelope, gopher, deer, and
o'Ciionally catamount, bear and buffalo
vav t'nipt the cowboy to turn sportsman
lor the passing hour.
A bout noon all the cattle on the day's
ground- are gathered. They are held by
inoun ed cunbois in herds numbering 200
or 3U" ea"ii Meantime the pony herds
hae bicn diiven up. The tired little fel
lows that have been ridden on the long
morning's hunt are unsaddled and new
mounts aie taken by the men.
The Procrs of Cuttlns Ont.
The reparation of a general herd of cattle
Juto herds by ownership is called "cutting
out." With grown-up and branded animals
the task of lendering his property to each
etockmnn interested is easy enough, but in
the case of young calves ownership is often
h a & kh.
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1 a nice matter to decide. When a herd is
undisturbed a calf usually runs at the side
ot its mother, and as she is driven out of the
bunch the little one follows her. But ifan
unbranded calf is tonnd estray the question
of whose it is cannot be answered positively.
In such cases it is customary to award the
calf the "maverick," so called froma ranch
owner in Texas who abandoned all his cattle
on the ranee to the owner of the largest
female herd in the locality.
In cutting out, experienced cowboys ride
slowly into a general herd, and, selecting
an animal of a certain brand, gently drive
it out to the guard line of mounted cow
boys, where it is taken in charge by an
awaiting horseman and driven to a spot a
few hundreds yardi away. There, as the
beginning of a herd of its brand, it is held
by another cowboy. The men riding in
among the general herds proceed quietly,
having care to avoid a stampede When,
however, a youusr steer has been urged to
the edge of a bunch of cattle he is olten
sufficiently excited to 6tart out on the
prairie on a gallop lor liberty, and before
heading him oti the cowboy in charge of
him mar have a wild dash for a mile or more
in pursuit. So the work proceeds, the gen
eral herds dissolving, the individual herds
gradually enlarging, until the former disap
pear. Branding KotSIachots Snap.
Cutting out finished, the round-up party
disperses lor the day. The branded cattle
on their home range, excepting cows with
calves, are turned adrift. Estrays are held
in a separate bunch from day today, and
when something of a herd belonging in one
localitv is collected thev are started oil in
charged some men to where they belong.
The bunch of cows with calves of each sep
arate ownership are taken in charge by the
cowboys of the firm interested, and are
driven toward camp, which the cooks
have moved up near the rendezvous. It is
now well along in the afternoon, and all
hands are glad to fortify themselves with
dinner.
Branding is rough and tedious work. If
done in the open it is especially difficult,
ropes then being necessary in handling the
calves. In such a case a man rides up
toward the calf to be branded, and looping
up his long pony tether, skillfully throws
one end of it as a noose either over the head
or about a hind foot of the lively little ani
mal as it trots or gallops away. On feeling
the rope the calf increases its speed. The
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AND HOPING.
cowboy then winds the hand end of the rope
about the pommel of his saddle, the pony
braces itself, the rope is stretched straight,
and the calf falls. A second cowboy hurries
up, nooses the calf at the head if it has been
caught by a foot, or vice versa, quickly
btretches his rope taut, and the animal,
with head and one foot stretched as lar
apart as possible, is unable to rise.
Checking a Calf Willi tlis Itope.
A calf six months old is no toy to play
with. Wnen caught it viciously humps
and kiclrs, and then scurries awav, raising
a dust like a small whirlwind. The saga
cious pony to which it is attached gallops
after for 6ome distance, but at a slightly
slower speed. When the rope, gradually
straightening, is nearly straight, the pony
suddenly veers sidewise, leans off, plants
his hoofs firmly and receives the shock.
At the cruel check the calf leaps upward,
flops over, a riddle in heels, head and tail,
perhaps turning a somersault while in the
air, and drops as if shot.
While it is held down by the two long
ropes of the lariatcrs, a cowboy afoot ap
proaches the calf and, twisting his helpless
front feet under its stretched neck, sits on
its head. Another man then squats on its
hind legs. Next the brander runs up from
the fire armed with a Ions rod, on the red
hot end of which are welded the letters or
signs forming the trade mark of the owner.
The brand, applied on the lelt haunch of
the calf, and sometimes over the ribs as
well, sends up a cloud of vapor from fried
fat, while there is 3n odor of scorched hair
and burnt mutton chop. The calf's ears
are also slit or clipped in a form common to
its herd. It is then released.
The Music or the Meadows.
The bellowing of a calf while in the
brander's clutches furnishes the cowboy's
fancy with a wealth of descriptive compari
sons. When the calf is a tender little fel
low, only a few weeks in this cruel world, it
seems plaintively to petition its tormentors
A STEER.
to have mercy because of its helplessness.
It is so young, so weak, so tinv, so innocent
why give it pain? It can but weep and
pipe a tremulous, treble, lamb-like
"B-a-a-a-ah!" iCot so the toughened year
ling. He i3 a courageous, domineering
buck, a rising warrior among the grazing
herd. When the hated rone that curtails
his liberty tightens about his head or leg,
he vents a defiant bellow that echoes over
the rolling plains and off among the foot
hills.
His freedom, that never felt halter, is
being assailed. He is now apt to lower
horns and rush madly toward his captor,
whose pony is only too willing to obey spur
and scurry aside from the young monarch
of the meadow. When, however, the bud
ding bull is roughly checked in his mad
careening by the lariat of the second cow
boy thrown from behind, he roars in impo
tent rage and mortification. Recklessly
hurling himself about, seeking vainlv to
escape, he is now vehemently blatant.
Thrown down, he bawls his defeat to the
very heavens. Under the ignominy of hav
ing its head sat upon by his ungenerous
enemy, his sonorous lamentations, uttered
in prolonged swells and cadences, proclaim
the fallen hero.
An Expression of the Wane of Dignity.
His powerful baritone.at first masterfully
clear, changes in timbre until it is hoarse,
and then guttural, and at length wheezy.
It sinks on in depth to a tragedian's whii
per, and finally to a gladiator's dying groan.
Lying prostrate, burned, cut, bleeding, his
eyes a fire, he convulsively and faintly
breathes desperation, but vengeance, too.
However, released and all over, the great
calf rises, blinks, shakes himself, with un
steady steps walks away, and halting a
quarter of a mile off, stands wilted, silently
viewing the distant blue hilltops and chew
ing the cud of steer philosophy, his woes
already half forgotten.
The work on one grazing ground is simi
lar to that on all others. When two round
up parties meet a mutual transfer is made of
estray cattle belonging to ranches further
ahead on the route of eacli. The main pur
3oses of the general spring round-up are
the branding of calves and the restoration
of estrays to their owners. AVith this
work accomplished, every cattle raiser of
the range is in possession of his hoof prop
erty, branding signifying possession, and
his animals are dotting the plains as near
his rauch as the open range system of graz
ing permits.
When on the general roundup the cowboy
lingers but briefly about the evening camp-
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THE
fire. He is mindful of the morrow's early
start and lone stent. In the first month of
j the roundup the nights are cold; all summer
i long they are cooL
now mo coirboy maicei uu isen.
Preparing one's bed is something of a job.
All hands," save perhaps the pampered
cooks, sleep on the ground; a fe,w men have
tents, many lie out in the open, under the
starrvvault In going to bed the cowboy
who knows how first smooths with a shovel
n Vit of ground the size of a mattress, dig
ging away the earth in a spot or two to con
form with the curves of his body. He first
lays a full size rubber blanket on the
ground, lining upward. Over this he
spreads a piece of heavy waterproof canvas,
more than twice the "size of the rubber
blanket Next, and even with the upper
ends of his canvas and rubber blanket, he
unfolds his woolen blanket, or, if he is rich.
blankets. His overcoat and whatever cloth
ing he takes off, if any, he folds for a pil
low. Walking now to the foot of his great piece
of canvas, he turns it up over the blankets
and pillow, lapping it beyond them a loot
or two at the head. Then he tucks in each
side of the canvas above the rubber blanket,
but under the rest of the bed, until the
edges of the canvas meet Xastily, he
works his wav jieet foremost from the
top into his big improvised sack. If it
is freezing weather, he tucks the overlap at
the head of his bed down underneath the
pillow. In there, tired, drv, warm, snug,
in a moment he is asleep like a dog, not
to awaken until morning. Before dawn
a good kick from a kindly night herder
carries to his understanding the fact
thit the order has been issued to
roll out and greet the coming day.
Cowboys Do Mot Get Xtlch.
What ranch life oilers to the cowboy is
fresh air, canned food, outdoor exercise, a
seat on a bucking horse, some little opportunity-
for hunting, and perhaps an occa
sional chance to act as target for an un
tamed man's gun. Earelv does speedily ac
quired fortune await the cowboy. After
the harrowing experience of branding day
the current ot the steer's life runs monot
onously. Man interferes only to drive him
back to his owner's range should he rove
too far away. The elements, albeit cruelly
testing his hardiness in winter, are for the
most part not too much for his robust con
stitution. The only event of importance
after his birth except the dread ordeal of
branding awaits him in a Chicago
slaughter house when a bntcher looks him
in the eye.
After the general roundup, and until the
approach of cold weather, the ranch force is
kept at work on the home range rounffing
up beef cattle for shipment The shipping
season is at its height in September. The
marketing of the cattle includes for the men
a spell ot hard work in gathering beeves, a
long drive of the herd to be sold to a rail
road town and its shipment in cattle cars.
Some of the cowboys then ride in a caboose
to Chicago, a journey ot 1,000 to 1,500 miles,
caring for the cattle closely packed in the
cars on the way.
Winter on a ranch is the dull season.
Once in a while the cowboys may be dis
patched out in a snow storm to turn back
cattle drifting helplessly before the ever
driving northwest wind, or they may have
to pick up young calves from the range and
carry them to the stable to save their lives,
But much of the time the men sit in the
bunk house, a wood fire roaring in the open
chimney place.mending and making bridles,
saddles and knickknacks, or losing small
fortunes at cards. J. W. Sullivan.
K0-AI CALLING F0S HEK SHOE.
A Cnrloas Chinese Legend About the Cut
in; or a Bis BelL
Pearson's Weekly. 1
When the bell tower of Pckin was built
the Emperor Yung-lo, of the Ming dynasty,
ordered a great mandarin, named Kuan-yu,
to cast a bell big enough for such a noble
edifice. Time affer time Kuan-yu and the
expert workmen in the country tried to cast
a bell and failed; the casting was always
honeycombed, and the Emperor said that if
there was one more failure Kuan-yu's head
should pay the forfeit for it Kow, Kuan-yu
had a daughter, a beautiful girl of 1G, named
Ko-ai; she went to a certain astrologer and
asked the cause of her father's failure.
Some demon, she was informed, required
the blood of a maiden to be mixed with the
metal, and unless this was done the next
casting would fail, like the previous ones.
Ko-ai got permission from her father to
be present at the casting; and amid the
dead silence which prevailed when the taps
were drawn, and the molten stream poured
down into the mould, a shriek was heard,
and, crying out, "For my father!" Ko-ai
threw herself into the seething metal. One
of the workmen tried to seize her, but suc
ceeded in getting hold only of a shoe. The
father was taken home a raving madman,
bet the bell was perfect in make and tone,
and, when struck, its sonorous boom is to
this day followed by a low, wailing sound,
like the cry of a woman in agony, and when
people hear it, they say: "There's Ko-ai
calling for her shoe!"
riQUEES ABE FUNST THINGS.
Stranje Tricks That Can Be Flayed With
Some Tfamerals.
Pearson's TTceklv.l
Figures are funny things. They may be
manipulated in a most mysterious ana mar
velous manner, so as to entirely deceive the
uninitiated: but when we get at the naked
truth we find them very simple. Of course,
we do not refer to ladies' figures, but to com
mon or garden numerals. Strange tricks
may be played with figures again we
refer to numerals as amusing and perplex
ing as with those time-honored and indis
pensable conjuror's confederates packs of
playing cards. In most of these the figure
nine is the most important factor. There
are some peculiarities about this little
bullet-headed gentleman which arc reallv
startling. He has a jihoonix-like power of
raising himself from nis ashes.
Smother him up as you like, multiply
him by any group of his fellow figures, un
til his identity is completely lost, and he
will bob up again, it not in shape, at least
in spirit nay, substance as the sum of
the result obtained by the process of multi
plication. Thu3 twice 9 are 18; add the 1
and the 8 together and you get 9. So for
example, 17 nines are 153, which added to
gether, make 9, or 133 nines makes 1,242,
and thus he pops up again in different form,
but the same self-assertive little chap. The
only exception is when applied to 11 or
multiples of 11, when the little joker comes
in pairs, as witness the following 33 nines
giving 297, etc.
TWO AHIMALS AT A SHOT.
One Was a Panther and the Other a Deer
Which Be Had Attacked.
A friend of mine who lives In one of the
wildest portions of Northern California
came into town last week to purchase food
supplies, says a writer in Forest and Stream.
When down he always has something inter
esting to say about his life in the wilds. He
tilled 11 bears and 10 panthers last winter,
and it was not much of a season lor wild
animals cither. Once on his rounds (for he
is on the range looking after his sheep every
day with rifle and dogs), he saw a deer act
ing in a queer manner. Being where he
could see and not be seen, my friend quietly
awaited developments. The deer was look
ing in a certain direction, evidently very
much frightened.
On looking around my friend saw a pan
ther coming from an entirely different direc
tion, but seeming to throw its voice so as to
deceive the frightened deer. All the time
it kept getting nearer and nearer. At last
being near enough it gave a leap, landing on
the deer and gave it its death blow. Then
the time came for mjr friend to interfere
and he did so by drawing a bead and hitting
his mark "dead-center,' thus getting two
animals for one shot I must not forget to
state that they were both so poor that it did
not pay to save their pelts.
PITTSBURG DISPATCH,
A MM OF NATIONS
On the Silver Question la the Onlj
Practicable Solution.
WE SHOULD
STOP
ALL COINING.
This Would Farce Europe to Take ft
of llntuil Advantage.
Step
AN AEGUMEHT FEOH BANKER CLEWS
tWBITTZy FOB TITS DISrATCH.1
Of all current public questions, I know of
none that so vitally affects the future of our
financial interests as this one what shall
be the status of silver among the world's
currencies? At the present time about one
half of the world's metallic money consists
of silver and the other half of gold. It is
clear that silver cannot maintain its neces
sary function as money unless it is invested
with stability of exchangeable value. Such
stability it cannot possess without the in-,
tcrvention of a conventional arrangement,
which, with all the force of a uniform law,
make a given weight of silver virtually ex
changeable for a given weight of gold.
This principle once established, and silver
bullion being made convertible into silver
coin at the Mints of the chief nations on
demand, it follows that the bullion value of
silver must constantly conform closely to
its value as coin, and the stability of the
value of silver coin would thus be insured.
The difficulty has been that, owing to petty
jealousies and prejudices, governments
have hesitated to act with the unanimity
that is necessary to an efficient conventional
arrangement Each one has preferred that
others should take the responsibility of free
coinage and the result has been that unre
stricted coinage has been adopted only by
those nations which happened to be most
imperatively committed to the necessity of
protecting their silver circulation.
Silver in the Latin Union.
Those nations were comprised in the inte
national combination known as "The Latin
Union." That union was found competent
to take care of all the new supplies of sil
ver, so long as the principle of free coinage
was maintained and the value of the metal
was kept uniform under its operation. In
an evil hour, however, certain German
theorists persuaded Chancellor Bismarck to
commit Germany to the demonetization of
silver. The large supply of the metal there
by suddenly thrown into the mints of the
Union nations alarmed the combination,
first, into a limitation of their coinage of
silver, and finally, into a suspension of it
The coinage demand for silver being thus
shut off, the price of silver bullion was cut
loose from the relative legal valuation be
tween silver coin and gold, and was left to
drift with the variations in the commercial
demand, and to decline in consequence of
an excess of supply over demand. This
is a brief explanation of the causes
of the present depreciation in the
value of silver. I know of no way of re
pairing the value of that metal other than
by establishing an international union sim
ilar in its objects and conditions to the now
virtually defunct Latin Union, but embrac
ing a wider range of Governments than that
combination did, the co-operation ot the
United States, England and Germany being
especially important
Possibly existing stocks of gold in Europe
and America might be sufficient to serve
the purposes of banking reserves and for
transmission in the international exchanges;
"but it is impracticable to use such a valu
able metal to the extent required for the
purposes of active circulation, and this
creates a necessity for a silver legal tender
coin for the retail transactions ot business.
For this reason I regard the use of silver,
co-ordinately with gold, as an indispensable
element in the world's currency.
A Uniform Valno of Bullion.
I regard an international union as abso
lutely necessary for maintaining the joint
use of gold and silver, if the relative value
between those metals is to be maintained.
'If a uniform value of silver were adopted
by members of such a unin, and if the Mint
of each Nation were bound to coin all silver
brought to it, and the coins were made a
legal tender, it appears to me that this
would establish a uniform value for silver
bullion the world over, on a parity with
the legal valuation ot silver com; and this
conventional value of bullion would be
preserved as long as the union should be
continued. Even the limited international
arrangement known as the Latin Union
sufficed to keep silver at about 60 pence
per ounce, until its members, taking frieht
by the demonetization of silver by Ger
many, slopped the coinage of silver; when,
the conventional support being withdrawn
and the coinage demand suspended, bullion
fell to its value as a mere commodity. This
shows how effective the union principle is
and what becomes of silver without it
If an international union were to 'fix the
value of the two metals at 15 weights of
silver to one of gold, the rate now general
in Europe, and the members of the union
were compelled to coin it on demand at that
rate, then the free convertibility of bullion
into coin would necessarily make the coin
and the bullion of equal value, except the
slight difference that might arise lrom coin
age charges, which is tantamount to making
silver worth about 60 pence an ounce, or its
former value.
In view of the differences of opinion in
Europe on the standard question and the
strong prejudices in England in favor of the
gold standard, it appears to me more than
doubtful whether any step will be taken on
this subject until those countries are made
to carry the burden of the large surplus of
silver that we are now coining. But with
25,000,000 to 30,000,000 of bullion of our
silver going thither every year, the effect
would be so serious upon Asiatic trade and
upon the immense silver circulation of the
Latin nations that it seems certain they
would soon become willing to assume their
share in restoring silver. At any rate, it
is a proper and necessary compulsion for us
to apply.
Gold Drlftlnc Toward a Premium.
The Government is very closely threat
ened with a suspension ot gold payments, if
the coinage is continued. We have already
seen a point at which the Treasury had to
negotiate with banks for six millions of
gold to avert that catastrophe; and it is only
a thin margin of a very few millions that
separates us from such a condition all the
time. Ot course, if the Government sus
pended coin payments gold would be apt to
go to an indefinite premium; with the con
sequence of a rush ot greenbacks into the
Treasury for redemption and a depreciation
ot such paper as is redeemable in silver to
the purchasing power of that coin. In mv
view these dangers are much nearer than fs
generally supposed, and it is a most unjusti
fiable policy that needlessly perpetuates
this state ot things.
For the reasons already given I regard the
suspension of the coinage of the silver dol
lars as to the last d egree imperative. And
the suspension should be both total and un
conditional. Either a partial or temporary
suspension would fail equally to avert the
home dangers with which we are threatened,
and to bring about that European action
which is indispensable to a sound and per
manent settlement of the question.
So long as there is no efficient conven
tional arrangement for maintaining the
value of silver, no nation can safely con
tinue its coinage, because, in so doing, it is
increasing its stock of currency, the future
value of which cannot be depended upon, and
which might easily become a source of em
harassment and injustice between citizen
and citizen, between doctor and creditor.
In our country, however, such was the
political influence ot the silver producing
States that they easily induced Congress to
order the coinage of not less than 21,000,
000 per annum of standard silver dollars.
The effect of this has been, undoubtedly, to
check the decline in silver bullion, but at
SUNDAY, MAT 22.'
the expense of the artificial addition already
off230,000,000of badly depreciated lezal
tender to our circulating medium. Our
whole currency system has thus been viti
ated; for 5680.000,000 of paper money may
be redeemed in silver: and we are thus ex
posed to the gravest dangers in the event of
anything causing an important drain of gold
to Europe.
"VFe Didn't Need the Extra Coin.
That the coin thus issued was not really
needed for purposes of circulation is dem
onstrated by the fact that it has been found
impossible to get more than one-third of it
into circulation. In order to obviate this
difficulty, various devices have been intro
duced for keeping the coin in the Treasury
ana issuing against it paper certificates of
small denomination. The most ingenious
of these contrivances was the one proposed
by Hon. A. J. Warner, of Ohio, and pressed
on the Government for its indorsement
Mr. Warner's measure virtually concedes
that the coinage of the silver dollar has
already been carried to a point that threat
ens serious danger to our currency system.
It first proposes to discontinue the cur
rent monthly coinage of silver dollars re
quired under the existing "Bland act"
Second, this Warner measure providefl that
in lieu of such coinage holders of silver bull
ion may deposit it to anv amount in the
United'States Treasury, the Government to
issue to such depositors "bullion certifi
cates," expressing an amount of money
equal to the market value of the bullion at
at the time of its deposit These certificates
are to be a new form of currency, employ
able by the Government in liquidation of all
its debts not expressly made payable in
gold, and it would be required to accept
them in payment of customs duties, taxes
and public dues generally, the national
banks being required to accept them in pay
ments between themselves.
The measure further proposed to make
these certificates redeemable in lawful
'money gold, silver or United States notes
or at the Treasury s option in silver nuii
ion at its current value at the time of re
demption. There is a very positive doubt of the con
stitutionality ot'tnis plan. The Constitu
tion does not convey upon the Government
the right to receive silver bullion deposit
To become the custodian of bullion and to
issue especially prolonged receipts would
be a breach of the true functions of govern
ment and of the constitutional limitations
of federal authority.
Forced Exchange of Gold for Sliver.
The provision made for the redemption of
such certificates would be to the last degree
objectionable. If the Government redeem
them iu lawful money, it exposes itself to a
new demand upon its legal tender notes or
its gold, and as the amount of greenbacks
owned by the Treasury now runs so low as
to prohibit their use for the purpose, the
redemption would have to be made with the
Treasury gold, thus exchanging Govern
ment gold lor silver bullion, what could
silver men desire more? What could all
other interests dread more? The Govern
ment would be ultimately driven to redeem
the certificates in silver bullion. What
does that imply? First, that the Treasury
would have to stand the loss upon the de
posits of bullion that might arise from a fall
in its value.
Take a case for illustration. A deposit is
made of 1,000,000 ounces of silver when the
current price is $1 10 per ounce, the Treas
ury being required to issue against it 51,100,
000 of certificates. Later, when the price
of silver has fallen to say $1 05, the 51,100;
000 of certificates is presented for redemp
tion, and 1,047,619 ounces of silver have to
be delivered, as the bullion equivalent at
the current market value, the Government
losing 47,619 ounces of silver. Seeing the
profit made by depositing bullion at a high
price and withdrawing it at a lower, will not
all who can do so work this Treasury silver
mine to the utmost? Unprincipled specu
lators would mulct the Government out of
millions of dollars. Speculative combina
tions would be formed with London bullion
dealers. European bullion would be secured,
and sent to our Treasury after its price had
been advanced. The price would then be
forced down and.the certificates presented
to be redeemed by a much larger quantity
of silver than that deposited against them.
The Government would lose in every deal.
No finer scheme for speculators conldbe
conceived, but for legitimate interests, in
many ways dependent upon the value of
silver, nothing could be more serious.
Onr Gold Would Go to Europe.
There is nothing in the measure offered
by Mr. Warner that would prevent the
United States Treasury from being saddled
with as much of the European stock of
silver as speculators find it to their interest
to send here in addition to the product of
our own mines; and for such deposits the
Treasury would be compelled to pay what
ever aruucim price it suiieu me operators
to determine. And what does such a trans
fer involve? First, that we should have to
ship so mnch more gold to Europe, making
the operation a virtual change of Europe's
silver for America's gold; next, that the
United States Government would thus be
made to bear the sole weight and responsi
bility of carrying the world's surplus of
silver; next, that, as a consequence, Eng
land, Germany and other nations would be
come still more reluctant than they now are
to negotiate for an international settlement
of the silver question; next, that the Gov
ernment would be so handicapped with its
enormous load of silver as to place it at an
utter disadvantage in such negotiations;
next, that the Government would be ex
posed to immense losses in assuming such
vast responsibilities; and, next, that the
large issues of certificates to be made against
this mass of bullion would be a forcible
and artificial inflation of the currency,
which could not fail to produce disaster to
all the material interests of the countrv.
Of course such an arrangement would be
all that the silver interests could desire.
For them, indeed, it would be a far better
protection than the Bland act. But this
advantage would be only temporary; for
when the scheme broke down of its own
weight, as sooner or later it must, the
miners would be exposed to ruin from the
consequent commercial derangements.
The only wholesome treatment of this
qnestion is to repeal the silver coinage act
That done, we should add 525,000,000 to our
yearly exports, instead of locking up so
much of our national product as dead cap
ital in the Treasury, while that increase of
exports would give us a greater command
of European gold and thereby strengthen
our international position on this question.
Europe, and especially England, would then
be compelled to earnestly consider meas
ures placing the double standard upon a
broad and lasting international basis; and
as such a disposition began to manifest
itself the silver market would so far sympa
thize as to amply compensate producers
for any losses they might sutler from a
temporary fall in bullion.
Henbt CLEW3.
TOTAL ABSTINENCE NEWS.
The union meets next Sunday at St
John's, Thirty-second street.
There arc several societies that might Join
the union before the Scottdale convention.
Kev. Prks Lambixo has had a mission at
his church at Scottdale. Many total ab
stainer recruits were gained.
As this is the last monthly meeting of the
union for the fiscal year dclesates should
come prepared with their final roports.
The new edition of the pledge cards are
nov ready, and as the school year is draw
ing to a close orders should be sent In
promptly.
A railroad rate of 2 cents a mile to Scott
dale, Juno It, from all statious, has been se
cured. Uembors must obtain an order from
Secretary Joyce, 17 Crystal Kow, Southside.
Tee May bulletin asks societies to report
how many pledge car Us thoy will take if a
form Is devised after the style of the school
children's pledge. These reports will be re
ceived next Sunday.
A body at the pole would, in conse
quence of the shape of the earth, be 13
miles nearer the center than it would be If
placed on the eqnator. Therefore, the at
traction would be greater and tho body
heavier. The increase amounts to one-five
hundred and nintietu tmrt ot the equator.
CnjLMFLAnr Awkixos, latest out, at Mamauz
& Son's, 630 renn avenue. Thsu
1892.'
EVENTS OF THE DAT.
A Musician of Hanover Winning
Praise From London's Critics.
ANOTHER SIDE OP THE MONGOOSE.
Pigmy
Savages Who Are Giving Indian
Authorities Trouble.
BOOTS OP 0SEI0 OP N0BTHUMBBIA
PTBITTEX row TOE DISPJlTCH.1
Another pupil of the great Liszt is creat
ing a sensation in London. He is Heinrich
JiUtter, a
Hanoverian,
who has al
ready achiev
ed consider
able fame in
his native
land. His first
performance
in London
appears to
have satisfied
many critics
that he is an
artist of rare
talent, and he
bids fair to
Serr Lviter. command
general popularity with English audiences.
Nowaways the musical public has a far
greater number of gods to worship than
people had 60 or a hundred years ago.
Where there was one supreme and dazzling
star then there are dozens of rival masters
now, and without going into the difficult
question of how great the increase in ability
in the individual has been, it is f atent that
in numbers expert musicians have multi
plied wonderfully in the last 50 years.
Heinrich Lutter's place is not yet deter
mined, but the best critics in London say
that he has a superb style, combining
breadth, dignity and .simplicity in expres
sion, and a mastery of technique that enables
him to render the most difficult of his mas
ter's (Liszt's) works with ease. He first of
all studied the violin, from that went to the
organ, and last of all turned to the piano
forte, upon which his triumphs have been
made.
Good Words for the Mongoose.
A curious warning against a too great
confidence in the mongoose as a remedy for
gophers and other pests in California comes
from the remote island of Hawaii. In the
sugar plantations of Hawaii the mongoose
has been used to good effect; and the little
animal has proved to be an excellent police
force against the rats which used to commit
fearful ravases upon the sugar cane before
the mongoose was introduced. In 1880, for
instance, on a large plantation in the Hilo
district, owned by Captain Obed Spencer,
it was fonnd impossible to bring a crop of
cane to maturity, the rats simply moving
over the property like an army and clear
ing off the cane. Since the introduction of
the mongoose the plague of rats has abated,
and thousands of tons of sugar are obtained
from lands that yielded hundreds a few
years ago.
This showing has set the Californians
longing for the mongoose also, that they
may rid themselves t gophers and other
rodents. And it is the announcement of
the prospective importation of the mon
goose into California that has evoked the
warning from Hawaii that the animal de
stroys poultry as willingly as it does rats
or mice, and for that reason is unpopular to
a certain extent. The mongoose, or ichneu
mon, can stand all such insinuations, for in
two countries at least it is, and has been for
thousands of years, esteemed almost divine.
In Egypt the mongoose's pleasant habit of
hunting up crocodiles' eggs and devourine
them made it an object" of veneration to
Cleopatra's countrymen, as thereby a dan
gerous increase of crocodiles was prevented.
For like reasons the mongoose is beloved
by India, where it not only devours snakes'
eggs and youthful serpents, but attacks the
oldest and most venomous snakes without
fear, and also commonly without hurt to
itself.
One of Victoria' Grandchildren.
Few of Queen Victoria's grandchildren
have such a reputation lor brightness and
amia b 1 1 1 ty
as Princess
Marie of
Edi n burgh.
Her parents.
Prince Al
fred,the sail,
o r Prince,
and Marie
of Bussia,
are neither
of them re
markably
popular, but
everybody
seems to like
the Princess
Marie, who Princess Marie.
is a tall girl with light brown hair and dark
blue eyes. She is getting lots of warm
congratulations these days from her grand
mother's loyal subjects, for she is shortly to
be married to the Crown Prince Ferdinand
of Boumania.
The match is not a very brilliant one, for
the succession to the throne in Boumania is
not as certain as it might be, if two at least
of the great powers were not always hoping
to find a pretext for annexing the small
kingdom. In fact, Boumania is too near
the center of that ever-vexed Eastern ques
tion to be a comfortable home for an En
glish Princess. Still Prinsess Marie has
the old country to fall back upon in case
of trouble, and doubtless the King of Bon
mania appreciates the backing his son's al
liance with England's
give his throne.
reigning family will
Facts Abont the Andaman Flmles.
The pigmy savages who inhabit the An
daman Islands continue to give the Indian
authorities who maintain a penal settlement
there a great deal of trouble. This strange
race of people, about whose origin the an
thropologists can tell us nothing, refuse to
be civilized, and decline to be exterminated.
Though the Andaman Islands are close to
the Indian coast their inhabitants have not
profited by intercourse with the natives of
the main land. They are as savage as they
were when first western voyagers made
their acquaintance. The convicts kept on
South Andaman Island do not dare to ven
ture from their stockades, for fear of the
Andaman's powerful bow and relentless
spear. For although the Andaman islander
is seldom more than five feet tall, while his
wife is often shorter still, he has enormous
strength, and can run, throw and swim,
especially swim, with wonderful power and
endurance.
The chief Andaman weapon is the bow,
which is of odd shape and six feet in length.
With this a pigmy warrior can kill an
enemy at 70 yards, so that even armed
Europeans must approach these ferocious
dwarfs cautiously. They have not yet
learned to wear anything more than a little
red ochre or oil by wav of clothes, and they
are so hideous naturally that some sailors
who landed on the Andaman Islands a few
years ago refused to leave them any mir
rors lest the sight of their own looks should
torment them. Not so their handiwork,
for their weapons and canoes are as beauti
ful as they are efficient They chisel with
stone adzes the 'canoe from a tree trnnk
until its sides are as thin as paper, and in
this vessel, with their odd spoou-sbaped
oars, they can outship the swiftest oarsmen
among the crews of the ships that call at
Andaman.
The English administrator of the Anda
man Islands says that no amount of kind
treatment will make reliable friends of the
pigmies; probably, the recollection of cen-
turies of inhuman treatment by more civil
ized races keeps alive their hostility to all
visitors. So tbey'pres'erve as perfect a state
of savagery as the world knows. Some of
their customs are humorously horrible. A
widow, for instance, is forced to wear as
long as she liv.es the skull of the late la
mented hanging from a cord about her neck.
They have never intermarried with neigh
boring races, and the Andaman Islander is
exactly the same dwarf, with a black skin
but nothing else in common with the negro,
that he was hundreds of years ago.
The Discovery or Dean Spenc.
In this supremely live country the sensa
tion caused in the quiet Cathedral town of
Gloucester, England, by Dean Spence's dis
covery that the body of Osric, King of
Northumhria, the royal founder of the
abbey which has since grown into a Cathe
dral, really rested beneath the shrine built
in his honor by pious Abbot Malvern, is
hardly comprehensible. The shrine has
been thought till now to have been a polite
monument erected in honor of the legend
ary patron of the great church in Glouces
ter by the last abbot who presided there
before Henry VIII. 's heavy hand came
down on the Church and carved ont the
diocese of Gloucester from the bigger one
of Worcester.
But now Dean Spence, whose zeal and
affection for the grand old church of which
he is custodian are proverbial, has discov
ered that bevond all doubt the bones of
Osric of Northnmbria lie beneath the stone
shrine to the right ot the high altar, just as
recorded by Leland, the historian, 350 years
ago. At this discoverythe demure Cathe
dral city is overcome with elation, and the
county papers are just briming overwith
learned articles about Osric, and it is
claimed for Gloucester that she can showthe
nearest to a whole Saxon monarch known in
England. Pieces of other Saxon kings,
some of the ashes of Kynegils, King of the
West Saxon, for instance, at Winchester,
the skull of King Oswald at Durham, are
to be found In various parts of England, but
Gloucester has the proud distinction of own
ing the only complete skeleton in this cate
gory. But if the American traveler wants
to know why he should go to Gloucester,
this summer maybe, he need be told noth
ing of a Saxon - monarch, silent beneath the
marble, but will find enough to reward him
in the qnaint old town within hailjng dis
tance ot the sea and yet enmeshed in flow
ery meadows, and in the thoroughly English
beauty of the cathedral,
The Great Men of Italy.
Very few Italian statesmen are known to
day in America; even the New Orleans in
cident did not pro
voke much in
quiry here about
King Humbert's
advisers. Signor
Crispi, who has
just retired for a
time, is tolerably
well known here,
but Giolitti, who
succeeds him, is
not Giolitti, it is
understood, owes
his selection large
ly to the influence
of Zanardelli, who
was summoned
with Crispi to con- Signor Zanardelli.
fer with the King before the latter asked
Giolitti to construct a cabinet. Zanardelli
himself is a remarkable man. He is one of
the ablest lawyers in Italy, and has been in
Italy's service since her unification in and
out of the Cabinet He is a member of the
famous Pentarchy, which, for many years,
dominated the councils of the Left in the
Italian Chamber of Deputies.
Five years ago when the massacre of
Dogali, in which 15,000 Abyssiniaus
slaughtered a band of 500 Italians, over
threw the GovernmenSof the veteran De
pretis, Zanardelli and Crispi joined with
the. valiant old statesman to reconstruct the
Cabinet Since then Zanardelli's share in
directing Italian affairs has been larger than
ever.
. '
New Light on Captain Cook;
It is now more than a 100 years since
Captain Cook discovered Hawaii, where he
met a violent death, and sing'ular to relate
some interesting facts have just come to
light about the great explorer's connection
with the island. A Mr. Davies has for
warded to the Bishop Museum in Hawaii
extracts from the journal of Captain Charles
Clarke, who succeeded to the command of
the ship Besolution after Cook's death, and
lrom the pocket diary of one of the junior
officers aboard that vessel. These historical
documents, which are now published for the
first time, make these points clear, it is
claimed, namely: That Captain Cook was
not killed treacherously by the Hnwaiians
but accidentally in a scuffle between the
natives and some misbehaving sailors on
the beach, that the Hawaiians were not
guilty at that time of cannibalism and that
Captain Cook never pretended to the na
tives to be a god. W. G. Kaufmaxx.
THE MAMMOTHS OF SIBEBIA.
Mr.
novrorth Ha a Theory as to
the
Manner of Their Fref rratlon.
St. Loaii Republic
Mr. Howorth advances a new theory with
regard to the remains of mammoths and
other large animals in the soil of Siberia.
All over this great plain, wherever the
ground is frozen hard, are found mammoths
and other animals nreserved very fresh, so
that the wolves and bears can feed upon
their remains. These mammoths have been
found from the eastern border clear to the
Obi Biver. They have been fonnd under
conditions which make it certain that they
could not have lived, unless the surround
ings and climate had, at the time they ex
isted, been entirely different from the
present conditions. ; The remains of the
plants on which they fed are also found, and
southern cotemgorajy shells are discovered
with the remains, pointing to climatic con
ditions which no longer exist
Mr. Howorth believes that this vat
plateau Is one of the most recent features in
the physical geography of the world, and
that its rapid elevation caused the tre
mendous change of climate which has
enabled the bodies of these great beasts to
be preserved intact as we find them. He
says that unlpss these animals bad been
frozen immediately after they died, and re
mained frozen to this dav, they would
certainly have decayed and disappeared. A
single Siberian summer sun would have de
stroyed them completely. It is known
that" further east the bones of great animals
have been found 17,000 feet above the sea
under conditions which Falconer declared
to be absolutely incompatible with their
mode of life.
WHY A LOBSTER TUBUS BED.
The Heat of the Rollins Water Oxidize
ths Iron In Its Shell.
Gloucester Times.
In all crustacean?, as, indeed, in almost
everything in nature, there is a certain per
cent of iron. Upon boilinc, the lobster is
oxidized; the effect is largely due also to
the percentage ,of muriatic acid which ex
ists naturally in the shell The chemical
change which takes place here is almost
similar to that which occurs in the burning
of a brick.
In boiling a lobster its cost ceases to be a
living substance, and to a certain extent it
takes a new character. It is as a brick
would be alter burning. The effect can
also be produced by the sun, but necessarily
not so rapidly, as the heat of that luminary,
although more intense, is not concentrated
sufficiently to produce the result The sun
also exercises a bleaching influence, which
consumes the oxide- almost as fast as it is
formed, leaving the shell white, or nearly
pure lime.
frrp
tiPSFi
e
19
CAUSES FOR diyoece;
The Great Diversity Between the
laws of the Various States,
POINTERS FOR THOSE NOT MATED.
A Summary of the Queer Allegations Hade
by the riaintifls
OP BOTH SEXES 15 ACTUAL CASES
The divergences of the divorce laws la
the United States are as varied as those re
lating to marriages. All the States and
Territories, except Georgia, Louisiana and "
Delaware, specify the necessary length of
time during which the plaintiff must havo
lived in the State in order to be able to
bring an action for divorce. This period
varies from 00 days for Dakota to five years
for Massachusetts. Time in these days
often means a great deal of money, and
that is why Dakota divorces occupy so much
attention at present, and it is solely for this
reason that she has the advantage over a
number of other States and Territories.
A six months' residence will entitle the
plaintiff to sue for a divorce in Arizona,
California, Idaho, Nebraska, Nevada, New
Mexico, Texas and Wyoming. A large
number of States fix the term at one year.
The best of these are: Colorado, Illinois,
Kansas, Missouri, Montana, Oregon, Bhod
Island, Washington and Wisconsin. Many
of these States make the threat the decres
shall be invalid it the plaintiff removes
there simply for the purpose of getting a
divorce, but the State pays no further at
tention to him after the decree nnless tiers
is a vituperative defendant to follow him up.
Iteasons Deemed Snfuclent for Divorce.
In Dakota the following reasons ars
deemed sufficient ground for divorce: Mar
ital infidelity which will secure absolute
divorce in every Stale and Territory ex
cept South Carolina, where divorce is not
allowed for any reason excessive cruelty,
willful desertion and neglect for one year
and habitual intemperance. The glorious
climate of California is excellent alike for
the body and for divorce. Absolute separ
ation is granted there for one year's will
ful desertion, neglect and for habitual in
temperance. Extreme cruelty is also a
cause. The courts of Arizona grant a di
vorce for six months' intentional abandon
ment, for crnel treatment, habitual intem
perance and neglect on the part of the hus
band to provide the necessaries of life for
his wife. In Idaho a plaintiff may secure
a divorce for extreme cruelty, deser
tion, neglect and intemperance, con
tinuing for one year. In Nebraska
the sufficient causes for judicial separation
are desertion for two years, habitual drunk
enness, extreme cruelty and failure to pro
vide for wife. Nevada severs the marriage
tie for one year's desertion, for gross drunk
enness, if contracted since marriage, for
extreme cruelty, and for a year's neglect on
the part of the husband to provide for his
wife. New Mexico dissolves the marriage
partnership for cruel treatment, aban
donment, habitual drunkenness and
husband's failure to provide.
Some Sensible State laws.
Of these, Washington has been regarded
as the banner State for the sensible view
her courts take of divorce. Sufficient causes
are crnel treatment, personal iniquities,
habitual drnnkenncs refusal to provide,
one year's abandonment, and any other
cause seeming sufficient to the court, and
when the court is satisfied the parties can
no longer live together.
Colorado and Montana both grant di
vorces for one year's drunkenness or deser
tion and extreme cruelty. The causes in
Oregon arc cruel and inhuman treatment,
personal indignities rendering life a bur
den, and gross drunkenness contracted since
marriage. In Illinois it is necessary for tha
plaintiff to show the existence of extreme
and repeated cruelty, two years de?erion ... .
or habitual drunkenness for a like period of
time. The laws of Kansas give a
divorce for habitual drunkenness ono
year's abandonment, extreme cruelty,
fraud in the marriage contract and
gross neglect of duty. Missouri will gram
separation for indignities rendering the life
of the other intolerable and for a year's de
sertion or drunkenness. Wisconsin has ex
cellent laws, for they dissolve the bands of
matrimony not only for a year's desertion or
drunkenness and cruel and inhuman treat
ment, but also when the husband and wife
have lived apart voluntarily for the space of
five years. The statutes of Bhode Island
call lor five years' desertion, unless the
court decides that a shorter time will
answer. Habitual drunkenness, extreme
cruelty and refusal to provide will also
annul the marriage contract in the courts.
The Government has recently made out
some statistics which show that Connecticut
has about 11 marriages to one divorce;
Massachusetts, 30; Ohio, 20; Bhode Island,
11; Vermont, 10; New Hampshire, 10;
Maryland, 62; Kansas, 17; Wisconsin, 21.
How Women Have Won Their Salt.
The Government "Beporton Marriags
and Divorce" pive3 many curious causes as
having been held vali'd. The following
cases where divorce has been granted tha
wife are quoted verbatim:
Defendant docs not speak to plaintiff for
months at a time, thereby making life a
Uurden.
Defendant got drunk day after the mar
riage, causing this plaintur to conceive a
violent disgust for him. Divorco proceed
ings beaun on day after marriage.
Plaintiff says that when she was sick in
bed the defendant, for the sole purpose of
liarrassing her, said ho meant to suicide,
and did then and there drink a bottle of
paregoric, which said action of defendant
sorely Tieved plaintiff In body and mind.
Plaintiff says sho is subject to sick bead
aches that crow worse when she smells
tobacco. Defendant uses tobacco and aggra
vates her headaches.
Plaintiff says Immediately after marriage
defendant began importunin-t her to deed
him her property, which said importunity
caused plaintin menial hhkuisu.
Defendant threatened to knock plaintiff
cold as a wedge," whereupon he did clutch
her by the throat and pound her head
against tho wall.
Defendant quotes verso from the ew
Testament about wives obeyinz their hus
bands. Ho has even threatened to mash
plaintiff and drew back his hand to do
it. In the decree gran tinjr this divorce ap
pear the followina: '! find that when plain
tiff was sick and unable to woik, defendant
told her tho Lord commanded her to work;
that he was also In tho habit of frequently
quoting scriptural passases In order to show
her she was to bo obedient to her husband."
Defondant cut off my bangs by force.
Defendant was cruel in this: He caused a
letter to be written saying he was dead.
Plaintiff ordered a mourninir garb and
grieved a long time, bnt at last learned tho
letter was a fraud and that the defendant
was not dead.
Causes of Masculine Rejoicing.
In these cise3 the husband secured hii
divorce:
Defendant violently upbraidod plaintiff
nnd said to him: "You are no man nt aiy
thus (.ausing him mental suffering and an
guish. Husband says: "My wifo revised to keep
my clothing In repair; she refused to cook
and never sewed on my buttons." A wit
ness testified that ho had seen tho plaintiff
with only one button on his vest. Plaintiff
lurther alleged that his wife would not let
him go to ee flres at night; that If he wont
she would keep him awake till 3 o'clock
quarreling.
Defendant pulled plaintiff out of bed by
his whiskers.
Defendant took all tho covering off the
bed, leaving the plaintiff to shiver nntil
morning. On ono occasion sho Jumped on
him with her knees and ran a knitting nee
dle four inches in his arm.
Defendant struck plaintiff a violent blow
with her bustle.
Husband say?: "My wife wonld not walk
with me on Snndays. Once In a tantrum she
heaved a teapot at me. She hit me on the
side of tho head because I refused to bo
worked into a passion; once she pulled out
quite a quantity of my hair." Among tho
papers was a tuft of hair marked "ExhibU
A."
Italiax Awitraos, perfectly Vast colors, at
Mamaux & Son's, 539 Penn avenue. Thau
A
iyff----liirir"-nirJ
uJuMbi&u&e&
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.... -5.