STORIES Iff STONE,
IWliat the Archaeologists Have
Learned From the Men
hirs and Mniens
ON THE PLAIN OF CAMAC.
Jh'e Monuments Which Mark the
Graves of the Forgotten Celts.
RELICS OF THEIR CIVILIZATION.
-Tablets Set on Pillars TYhich. Served the
Purpose of Cares.
HO 1STE0XOMEES IN IAELT TRIBES
IW1UTTEX TOR THE DISrATCH.l
One beautiful autumn tvenlng in -the
year 1875 1 found myself In remotest Mor
'bihan, in the midst of the immense plain
of Celtic pillars at Carnac, It was the hour
of silence and solitude; night completely
enveloped the country, and the pale moon
shed its white and melancholy light from
the distant sky. Even afar off I could dis
tinguish the antique blocks of granite
atauding in lines like the petrified soldiers
of an unknown army; on all sides they fol
lowed each other.' immovable, mute and
mysterious. Tbose about me were of
gitrantic Etaturt, and the indistinct shadow
stretched at their feet by the light of the
moon seemed to double their height.
Further away, the ground being obscured
by the gloom which covered it, the white
Druidical stones stood out like so many .
phantoms reunited in death, and, at the
same time, isolated, each in its last place.
At my left, to the west, toward which
the evening star was descending, a square
field, surrounded by a colorless wall, looked
like a cemetery in which rows of kneeling
monks shirked the tombs, their white cowls
In line; and not far from them a giant
specter, covered with a winding sheet,
seemed lifting his arms to give a midnight
benediction to the reanimated shadows.
A Setting t"T Specters of the Ages.
Xothing was heard but the muffled roar of
the ocean in the distance, where its billows
were dashing against the reefs of Quiberon
or where its surges died on the shorts of
Carnac. Insects were humming in the
brushwood of the moor, and once in a while
a screech oil thre.v its wild cry upon the
night to be answered by another. Then
sepulchral silence reigned a moment, as if
to command greater attention from human
thought, from time to time olouds passed
over the moon, casting fleeting shadows,
but the sky was generally clear, the cross of
the swan hovered in the zenith, Cassiopeia
was seated near Andromeda, the brilliant
Capella emitted her luminous rav which
spends 72 years in reaching us, the Polar
Btar remained immovable like the pivot of
the world's axis, and the seven stars of the
Greater Bear assisted in this retrospective
contemplation, as they did formerly at the
nocturnal fetes of the Druids when assem
bled under the new moon in the prophetic
circle of the Cromlech.
In the midst of this place sacred to men
hirs and dolmens, at this hour, in this moon
light, in the bosom of such silence and soli
tude, before thousands of shadows covering
the whole country, but a feeble eflort of im
agination was necessary to bring before me
vanished ages, of which these austere rains
are the last witnesses. I easily forgot my
ephemeral personality and the age in which
we ire now living, seeing nothing but the
reality of the past and taking part only in
the things that then happened.
Simple Religion of the Old Celts.
I beheld the old race of Celts coming from
Asia, where astronomy was already flour
ishing, and marching westward even to the
end of the earth, stopping through neces
sity on the shores of Morbihan and Finis
tere (finis terra;). I saw them establishing
divine worship, not under vaulted roofs that
concealed the sight of heaven, but worship
ing God in nature, in the sun, moon and
stars, and praying to Him under the open
ekv, in the open country, in the presence of
mountains, forests and streams. I saw the
old Druids, with long hair and beards
whitened by time, directing actions and
consciences young virgin Druidesses
crowned with mistletoe, and the simple cer
emonies of the first ages. I heard the sonor
ous music of the bards, and seemed to see
our ancestors silently passing between long
lines of menhirs carrying the ashes of their
beloved dead.
But other races, also from the East, came
to take possession of this last continental
land. The Celts fousht, defended their
hearths, shed human blood, and finally re
pelled every inrasion. The Gauls came and
wen; absorbed; the Romans came and were
conquered; the Francs came and then van
ished; Jupiter and Venu descended and
had to return to Olympus; Christianity
was preached and its words were lost by
being blended with the primitive Celtic re
ligion, which remained unchanged. The
Bretons of to-day are the Celts of the past,
at least in Ihe district of which Carnac is
the principal city. Their physique is the
same; the men are strong, the women hand
some and of uniform and nnmingled type;
nor have they changed spiritually; the
foundation of their religion is the worship
of the dead.
Their Religion Lived Right On.
The idea so universal that the Bretons are
Catholics and royalists will prevent many
of my readers from admitting the preceding
affirmation; but an investigation of their
character will show its correctness. We
must take as examples not men who have
studied and traveled, but the country people
just as thev ordinarily are. Their religion
no more resembles that of the Italians,
'panish or French than it does the Bud-
list religion.and perhaps not so much. The
y after my contemplation of the number-
;s stone pillars, which under the soft
onlight looked like so many tombs, I
ppened to pass by the village cemetery
d, enterinj, saw several little graves on
which were placed small coffins of black
wood that could easily be carried under the
arm; and what did they contain?
The skull and bones of an "ancestor, dis
interred to make room for his dead descend
cnts! But what struck me most was to see
an ossuary in the remotest part of the ceme
tery and over its windows piles of little
coffins, each containing the skull of an an
cestor and bearing his name: Here Pierre
Thomas, here Paul Martin, here Marie
Anne Donberg, etc., etc. The door of the
ossuary is kept partly open; on entering I
6aw hundreds of skeletons heaped u( pell
mell, some on top of others and all looking
toward me. At Sainte-Poi-de-Leon the
Bretons do still better; they put the skulls
into little boxes with glass tops, each one
labeled with its name and suspended in the
church in public sight Truly they are a
people who look death in the face, and are
indeed the same as those old Celts who as
tonished the Romans by having such abso
lute faith in immortality that to them death
bore no mournful aspect, and who sur
ounded themselves with their dead and
ooked forward to a future life similar to
the present. Jean Ilcnard even tells us
that in commercial transactions it was not
uncommon to borrow money to be repaid in
the next world.
They Cling to the O'd.
One morning, looking from my window at
the fantastic door of the Church of Saint
Cornelv, I was very much surprised to -see
three charming little children playing with
a small empty coffin which had been put
down at the church door. A little boy was
laughing and trying to make his sister lie
down in it, but she was too large. The
sacristan arrived carrying a small black
cloth edged with silver, and in his loudest
voice scolded the children, asking: "Who
disturbed the coffin?"
Of course no one had done it. These chil
dren knew perfectly the destination of their
plaything.
This people, still to-day speaking the
Celtic tongue, change, perhaps, with more
difficulty than, any other; tenacity h
their most striking characteristic. I said
just now that the foundation of their relig
ion I neither the Eucharist, the Immacu
late Conception nor the infallibility of the
Pope, but simply respect for the "dead, as
was the case twenty centuries ago and more.
The superstitions of to-day are the same
as those of the remote past. I was there
during the autumnal equinox, and one even
ing about 9 o'clock heard plaintive sounds
and measured steps; the country people
silently bringing their herds of cattle
came near the church and, slowly passing
round it, stopped before the large entrance
where Saint Comely is enthroned between
two oxen; they then went to an old foun
tain and passed around that; afterward
some lustra! water was poured on the heads
of the oxen, when they returned in silence.
Snch nocturnal pilgrimages are extremely
dismal and strange. Cattle, and especially
oxen, are associated with their religion,
and they pray for their healing just as they
pray for themselves. At the side of the
church pieces of rope that have been
blessed for the healing of cattle are sold
at a high price, and are a source of great
revenue. Saint Cornely is proprietor nere,
and his income is very often 20,000 francs.
Saint Cornelias and the Ox.
The part that the ox plays in the simple
religion of the present inhabitants of Car
nao does not date from our epoch, but is
older than Saint Cornelius himself, the
"Pope, who, on account of his euphonious
name, was chosen patron of the people and
of the cattle, ana who is represented in
company with the oxen he protects. This
pagan superstition was in the country long
before the foundation of its church, and all
races have more or less participated in it.
A curious discovery quite recently made
strikingly confirms these deductions. Mr.
Mi In, a 'learned Scotch archsologist, who
comes to Carnao every summer to make ex
cavations, has just found a little bronze ox
beautifully cast and perfectly preserved.
On comparing this statuette with the present
practices and ideas of the inhabitants, it is
difficult not to see in it a little tutelary deity
of the past ages. It is certainlyrelated to the
bull Apis.
The rite of the lustral water is also an
inheritance from past ages. On certain
days the peasants go to the fountain which
has just been spoken of and meditate in
silence, taking good care that no stranger
shall watch them; they then take water in
their hands joined together, or receive soma
poured out by a child, and, raising their
arms vertically in the air, gently move their
fingers, bo that the water runs down their
arms and bodies. Not far away women
have been seen receiving regular douches of
ice water on their bare chests; and during
tempests sailors' wives sometimes go to
these sacred high places, and, taking up
dust in their hands, looking all the time at
the sea, throw it over their heads to the
wind, to charm away the dangers to which
their husbands are exposed.
They Left No Written Record.
These old customs, continued in spite of
ecclesiastical prohibitions, the tenacious
and serious character of this people, their
silent temperament, their Celtio tongue,
their life familiar with death, all show
plainly that if successive invasions have
placed other races in different cantons of
Gaul, here there has been scarcely any
mingling. These rocks, this brushwood,
this sea, these islands, shores and roads,
this rugged nature, all belong to the same
country' that the Celts looked upon and
loved. They walked where we walk to
day, they raised these menhirs that have
become 'sphinxes and have left invulnera
ble witnesses of their old republic: but why
have they written nothing? and why can
not these mysterious stones give some reply
to our eager questions?
What were these menhirs, dolmens and
cromlechs, with which the sacred land of
Carnao is covered in every direction; these
stone mountains more numerous here than
in all places put together? Although they
have ben known from time immemorial,
and traditions are lasting on this granite
soil, their nature is far from being a settled
question.
On this archaeological journey to the
fields of Carnac, I had the advantage of
having as guide Monsieur du Cleuzion, who
perhaps knows them better than anyone
else, and who conducted us among the
Druidical sphinxes of geography with the
assurance of an astronomer glancing at the
constellations. He had just been again
surveying with a compass all the lines of
Carnac and the position of all the menhirs
in these lines. Three centuries ago their
number was 12,000, and 2,355 still remain,
but their number diminishes every year;
for centnries the peasants have used them
in walls round their fields, and now build
ers are demolishing them still more rapidly.
Size of the Stone Monuments.
Their height varies from 20 inches to 16
feet; some are still higher and measure 19
feet, as at Kermario, or 32 and 48 feet as at
Locmariaquer, where the colossal menhir 81
feet high and weighing over 220 tons lies
broken. The menhirs of Carnac stand in 11
rows 2J miles long, the distance between
the rows varying from 7 to 10 yards. Their
general direction is eastward (in some places
southeast and in others northeast), "toward
the rising of the sun-god," to use the ex
pression of our eminent historian, Henri
Martin. The rows are arranged in sections :
Menec, Kermario, Kerlescant and Menec
Tihan. There are still other rows at Erde
ven (Kerzero), at Vieux-Moulin, Sainte
Barbe, Sainte-Pierre-de-Quiberon, etc., eta
We are reduced to conjecture when we
wish to explain the purpose of the erection
of these stones. The most probable hypo
thesis is that they are funeral monuments,
since it is known that graves were thus
marked from remotest antiquity. In the
cemeteries ol certain oriental Hebrews each
tomb is surmounted by a tall stone rising
vertically like a menhir, and the following
passage from the Bible proves their ancient
ue: "Bachel died and was buried on the
way to Ephrath, which is Bethlehem, and
Jacob set a pillar on her grave which is the
pillar -of Bachel's grave unto this 'day"
(Gen., chap. XXXV). Nevertheless, when
excavations are made where the fallen men
hirs stood, or about those still standing, no
human bones are lound. Sometimes ashes
and the debris of human incineration, vase
and axes of polisfied stone are discovered;
we conclude therefore that our ancestors
may have burued their dead and marked
with stones the places where their ashes
were laid; but the number of these stones is
so great that it becon.es necessary to sup
pose the population much larger than to
day, even if the custom prevailed for many
ages.
Evidence Found In the Vames.
The names these regions bear seem to give
reason to the hypothesis that they are tomb
stones; thus Menec means the place of mem
ory, Kermario (in the plural) the place of
the dead, Kerloquet the place of the funeral
pile, Kerlescant the place of ashes, etc. The
name Carnac itself, which may be compared
to Plou-Carnel (PlOuharnel) means, in Cel
tic, the place of the pssuary.
Perhaps one is still more impressed on en
tering a dolmen than while gazing on the
menhirs. The essential components of every
dolmen are the same, a granite tablet placed
upou stones standing on end; these supports
ordinarily touch other, or the crevices are
filled with other stones, so that the back and
two sides of the dolmen form regular walls.
The interior chamber is usually entered by
a stone passage, also covered, and the en
trance is almost always turned toward the
southeast. When the'dolmens have not been
stripped, they are covered with earth aud
form a tumulus. The chambers are large
enough to stand up in, and several people
could easily enter them. Some are of large
dimensions; thus the dolmen at the island
ofjGavr'inis is composed of one chamber
measuring 8 teet long by 8 feet wide and
nearly 6 feet high. The ceiling is made of
onje colossal granite tablet more than 13 feet
long and 10 feet wide. The entrance is a
galjerv 42 feet long and nearly 5 feet wide.
The dolmen at Locmariaquer has for a roof
a stone 29 feet long by 14 feet wide. That
of Plouhamel (Corcoro), which actually
serves as a granary ,for a small farm, is 49
feet long and 12 feet high; Masses weigh
ing 55,110 and even 220 tons must have been
transported for these dolmens and menhirs.
Not Meant for Human Sacrifice.
A visit to these grottos without a precon
ceived opinion immediately removes from
the mind the old supposition of human sac
rifices. Although the dolmens, when
stripped of their covering, are somewhat
like tables or altars, the simple fact that
they have been covered proves that the in
terior of the chamber, and not the topof
the roof, must be considered. The galleries
leading to the chambers, the objects found
within, and the absence of steps round the
so-called altars, all unite to dispel the idea
that the; were sacrificial structures. The
hollows and little trenches, thought to be
lycognized, are nothing but natural irregu
larities, such as are found in all stones.
What were these caverns? It seems to
ns that the mest simple hypothesis is to
see in them primitive places of refuge
for an early human race. It is known that x
primitive human families lived in caves to
conceal themselves from wild beasts, to
secure protection from the sun and rain,
and to have a safe retreat for rest and
sleep, and in countries where there were
no natural caves artificial ones were con
structed. All the common artloles of every
day life have been found in these grottos
different kinds of vases, pottery, stone and
bronze arms, and jewels of precious stones,
bronze or gold. Also there have been found
either earth mingled with ashls from human
bodies that were burned, or perfect human
bones, and once even a whole skeleton was
discovered in a sitting posture. From these
circumstances the conclusion that they were
sepulchral chambers has been drawn, and
this is the general opinion of archaeologists
and, as that science Is not my sphere, I
humbly place mvself under the standard of
these masters. Nevertheless I cannot re
frain from thinking that these artificial
caves must have served the living before
they received the dead.
Archaeological Specimens of Carnao.
However this may be, they are monu
ments raised by our ancestors, the Celts,
and have afforded us a great variety of ex
tremely curious objects. The museum es
tablished in the old town of Yannes is the
most interesting museum of antiquities in
existence, and contains the mqst instructive
of these specimens, apmprising vases of
every shape and date, from the simplest to
the most elegant and ornate; axes of pol
ished stone that are admirable in form and
finish, made of flint, of jada and of green
stone; splendid necklaces of enormous tur
quoises and amber-colored glass, glass balls
and plaques, fine gold bracelets, bronze
arms, human bones, Horns of deer and frag
ments and debris of all kinds.
The cromlechs, or vast circles of stones,
seem to have been places of reunion, and
probably their center was occupied by an
altar or'a tomb, or by both.
All these megalit'hic monuments are of
rough stone, nevertheless strange figures are
cut upou several of the supports of one of
the three dolmens at Mane-Gorlon; they are
principally angles drawn one over another,
rectangles, straight and broken lines.
Others are seen on the upright wall of the
passage leading to the dolmen at Gavr'inis,
and there the curved line, and especially
the ellipse, takes the lead; the, axes or
wedges found there also have outlines upon
them. On the ceiling of the dolmen at
Locmariaquer still other figures have been
noticed which vaguely recall those of the
old Mexicans, and perhaps are simple
tattoos. If they express a language it was
not a rich cne. They may be very simple
ornamentations, such as the Bretons still
put upon their pottery, harness and cloth
ing. The Celts Were Not Astronomers.
They mar have indicated the age of the
deceased, his titles or the date of his burial.
I have nowhere found any certain as
tronomical sign among these figures. These
monumental inscriptions were Christianized
only by a slow transition". The later men
hirs are of cut stone, and crosses are traced
upon their sidee, as at Plouharnel, or they
are even cut in the form of a huge cross,
ornamented with signs, as at Carnac The
old cemeteries of the country have pre
served these carved menhirs to our day.
The country of the Celts is, without ques
tion, one of the most important for study in
the entire territory or our beautiful Gaul.
The Ligurians, the Iberians, the Finland
ers, the Kimry, the Gauls, properly so
called, the Francs, the Bomans, the Nor
mands aUo and the Anglo-Saxons have there
appeared, or made longer or shorter stays,
and have left traces of their presence. The
Roman occupation was the longest, lasting
not less than 400 years; and, though the
Celts constantly ruled the country and ab
sorbed all who came, numerous material
traces of their presence are found, and Mr.
Miln has lately brought to light a whole
Herculaneum.
Thus ages have succeeded each other,
slowly depositing their successive sedi
ments. As the traveler among the ruins of
Pompeii finds himself searching the silent
streets, once so rich and gay, for the Boman
knights Mho traversed them, for the car
riages which left the marks of their last
passage, for the busy people of the forum or
the youngPompeiians on their way from the
bath, so in this Gallic-Boman city, just be
ing discovered, we love to recall the people
who pitched their tents on these shores.
Above all, we love to go back to the first
beginnings of our race and, among these
avenues of menhirs and before these dol
mens, to see the ancestors both of our bodies
and minds, alieady living, and better than
many of us, in the contemplations of the
heavens, in the faith of immortality, in the
feeling of human independence and of true
liberty. Camillu Flammaeioit.
SCANDAL IN TEE PULPIZ
Clerical Politics Need Safeguards. or There
Will Be Trqable.
How can we prevent scandals from aris
ing out of clerical politics? asks the New
York Ind'ptndmt. First, by discriminating
between proper and improper methods, and
not by condemning all efforts to secure a
particular object. Second, by opposing and
denouncing all methods which compromise
the honor of individuals or the body bf the
ministry. Third, by diminishing the
"spoils," if we may so call them, which
any ecclesiastical body may have to dis
tribute. The Methodist General Conference ought
to be relieved of the responsibility of elect
ing any officers for the Church except
bishops; the other offices should be-filled by
the various boards of management. If this
were done, the delegates would have more
time to devote to the legislative interests of
the Church, and would be in better frame of
miiid to consider those interests. Clerical
politics need every possible safeguard
against the manifest tendency downward
into corrupt practices and open scandals.
ALIVE WITH PB0SPECI0BS.
Mining Never Had a Larger Sized Boom in
Colorado Than Now.
St. Lords Globe-Democrat.3
"Mining in Colorado never presented
brighter prospects than at present," said Dr.
Lane, of Denver, at the Southern. "The
marvelous growth of Leadville, Aspen,
Ouray and other old mining camps has been
given a new impetus by the wonderful dis
coveries at Creede, Cripple Creek and Cop
per Bock. The hills are alive with pros
pectors, and only the present cheap price of
silver casts a faint tinge of blueness aronnd
our mining camps.
"As to politics, there is a more profound
and a deeper concern among odr people in
the approaching campaign than at any time
during the history of our State. It is not so
much a party issue with the masses as it is
a matter of money. The administrative
policy of this Government directly and im
mediately aflects the output of silver in
Colorado, which will amount this year to
525,000,000 or more."
Watches Raymond nickel movements
$16; beautiful gold-filled ladle' Elgin, $10 up
wrsu bTtiN jlann's, 105 Federal street.
RIDING ON PASSES.
Depew Sees Some Funny Phases of
the Great Deadhead Nuisance.
A YANKEE'S ARTISTIC LYING.
Passes Himself Off as an Irishman and a
Dutchman as His Son.
EXCUSES FOR FEEE TRANSPORTATION
twarrrxsr roa the dispatch.:
Few people outside of railway cirolei
have any conception of what a nuisance the
demand for free passes is to railroad offi
cials, and to what an extent the privilege is
abused wben granted. The inter-State com
merce law aimed a blow at the free pass
system, but to a great extent it has been a
feeble 'and ineffective one. There are so
many ways in which the provisions of the
act may be evaded, and 10 many railroads
have availed themselves of such ways that
those portions of the law prohibiting the
granting of passes are practically a dead
letter, save when some railroad man calls
them up from the vasty deep of oblivion,
like spectres, to frighten away an appli
cant for a pass to whom it is not thought
desirable to afford the favor.
In this way the act has been a boon to
railroad men, as when beset for a free pass
by some uninfluential person they can raise
it up between the would-be deadhead and
his longed-for pass a veritable stone wall,
even more impregnable than that proverbial
one through which hunger is said to be
able to penetrate.
Passes Are Often Sold.
One great abuse of the free-pass system
lies in the sale of those precious pieces of
paper by those to whom they are Issued.
Many of them fall, in that way, into the
hands of tick et scalpers or speculators By
such gentry these passes are sold again to
the general publio at much less than the
regular rate of fare.
The manner in which this scheme is oper
ated may be readily explained. Say, for
example, that a man wishes to go from New
York to Pittsburg. He will ask for a pass
to Chicago, with the privilege of stopping
over in Pittsburg. If this is granted to him,
he can, when he gets to Pittsburg, sell his
pass good for the remainder of the trip to
Chicago to some ticket speculator or
"scalper" at a rate which enables the latter
to sell It again at a handsome margin of
profit; or, intending to remain permanently
in Pittsburg, he will ask for a pass to that
city and return, and, on arriving there, will
sell the remaining portion of said pass, good
for the return trip. Of course, these passes
are not transferable, that fact being plainly
stated in bold type upon both the back and
face of each one; but what earthly differ
ence does that make ? The conductors to
whom they are tendered do not know the
persons whose names they bear nor are they
acquainted with those who present and
travel upon them.
The Condaotors Are Helpless.
All that is necessary to enable anyone to
travel without difficulty upon a purchased
or borrowed pass, made out in the name of
some one else, is plenty of self-possession
and assurance, or 'what is vulgarly called
"gall," and the amount of it that is some
time displayed in this connection is aston
ishing even in this wonderful go-ahead and
progressive age.
Only yesterday an old, experienced con
ductor one wh'o has grown gray in the
business told me some amusing stories in
connection with this practice of selling and
loaning railroad passes. On one occasion
an elegantly dressed lady and gentleman,
evidently a married pair, tendered him a
pass made out to Mr. and Mrs. J. O. Dew
hurst, but the gentleman had a large gold
W on each of his cuff buttons and the lady
had the same initial in silver on her satchel.
From the look of calm assurance on their
faces he knew it would be useless to raise
any objection to the glaring Incongruity,
for he had no doubt that they would both
have made affidavit, if necessary, that W
stood tor Dewhurst.
At another time he was handed a pass by
a tall, raw-boned, Bown-east Yankee, ac
companied by a short, fat German, who
could not have been more than 8 or 10 years
his junior at most, and who was gifted with
a singularly rich Teutonic accent, which
contrastedin a most amusing manner with
the nasal twang of the down-easter. The
pass was made out to "Patrick McGuinness,
and son."
Two Very Remarkable Irishmen.
"Are you Patrick McGuinness?" asked
the conductor of the Yankee.
"Wal, neighbor, I reckon I be," was the
response.
"But you do not seem to be an Irish
man?" "Ye sec, the head of our family come
over'in the Mayflower an I calkilate the
Irish is pretty well out of us by this time."
"Is this person your son?" asked the con
ductor, indicating the German.
"Wal, I guess he be."
"How is it that he has such a strong
German aocent?"
"Wal, ye see, neighbor, he's been away
to school in Germany ever sirlce he was a
little chap, an' I'm jiggered ef he ain't e'en
a' most forgot how to talk English."
The conductor made up his mind that.it
would be utterly useless to ask any more
questions, for the Yankee was so perfectly
cool and nonchalant that the man of the
punch saw it would be impossible to make
him waver in his story, and he therefore
passed the Yankee-Irishman, "Patriok Mc
Guinness," and his German "son" without
further comment.
A Great Deal Worse In Mexico.
But great as is the abuse of the free-pass
system in this country, it is as nothing com
pared to that which is practiced in Mexico.
I have been assured by American officials of
railroads traversing that country that Mex
icans living near the United States end of
the line, and wishing to travel a short
distance from home, will procure a pass all
the way to the City of Mexico and return.
They will then write to some relative or
friend at every station along the line to be in
readiness to travel on the pass to the next
station. The original holder of the precious
document, on arriving at his destination,
will transfer his pass to they relative or
friend in waiting, who will travel on it to
the next station and there transfer it again.
Thus more than 100 different people, will
sometimes ride on one pass over different
parts of the road at the expense of the rail
way company, making the return journey
in the same manner.
Mexicans, by the way, of bo th sexes and
all ages and conditions take a childish
pleasure in "riding on a rail," though it be
for never D short a distance, and to enjoy
it they wijrneglect home, friends, children,
business, anything. Time in Mexico is of
little value.'
The Ticket Brokers SUH Thrive.
Returning to the sale of free passes to
ticket speculators or scalpers, I would re
mark that it is. by no means upon that
branch of their business that these gentle
men entirely rely for profit. The fact is
that though the law against ticket broking
exists in many States, yet it u practically
a dead letter almost everywhere. In most
large cities, and especially in the western
part of our country, "ticket brokers," as
they are politely called, flourish like the
green bay tree, and there are not a few of
them who have acquired a handsome com
petence. In many places the business is rec
ognized asaperlectly legitimate one, an 1
those engaged in it pay a license to carry it
on. They have very rigid laws against
dealing in railway tickets in Canada, and
those'laws are very" strictly enforced; there
fore any disappointed or dishonest ticket
broker need not think of fleeing to Canada
to carry on his business1 there if he should
get into trouble on this side of the border.
The varieties of would-be railroad deadheads
are as numerous as the .varieties of roses.
These varieties may be t divided into two
great and principal species, to which may
be given the names of individual deadheads
and class deadheads.
The Individual Deadheads.
The varieties of the individual deadhead
are legion. There is the dude, who is a
nephew of Colonel Somebody or other, a
former official of the company, who wants a
pass on account of his family name. Then
there is the voung man who has been offered
splendid situation in San Francisco,' and
who will send the money for his fare the
moment he earns it after arriving there If
yon will only give him a chance by giving
him a pass. The man who has been robbed
of his through ticket and all his money and
wants a pass to Omaha is as numerous as
flies in June. Then there is the lady from
Boston, who only bought a ticket to Hew
York because she expected to meet her hus
band here, but didn't, and who would like
to have you pass her to Chicago "just this
once," and the widow, whose husband was
killed in the employ of some railroad in
Kamchatka, who wants a pass to some point
in the far West, and is there anything she
can do to show her gratitude in Salt Lake
City?
Among the varieties of class deadheads
the clerical may be mentioned first of all.
A reduction is generally given to ministers
from the regular rate of fare, but not satis
fied with the liberal concession, many of
these good men ask and even demand a free
pass. If refused, they give the man of the
iron or steel rail a look that seems to say in
the words of the Eev. Mr. Stiggens, the
immortal shepherd of Dickens' "Pickwick
Papers," that they hope his heart may be
softened and turned in the right way, but
they rather think that he is booked for
something very uncomfortable in the next
world.
Odd Reasons for Free Bides.
School teachers expeot passes because they
are disinterestedly devoting themselves to
the improvement of the human race by edu
cating Its young, and actors and theatrical
performers of all kinds think that, because
they furnish the world with amusement,
they have a direct claim for railroad trans
portation. Sporting men who have achieved
distinction, such as shoulder-hitters, oars
men, pedestrians, etc., always expect to be
passed, as do also all strong-minded females
who are laboring to emancipate their sex
from its thralldom to the tyrant man. Ho
tel and saloon-keepers demand passes be
cause they feed the hungry and give drink
to the thirsty, while owners and drivers of
fast horses claim them on the ground that as
their business deals with locomotion, it is a
sort of twin sister to railroading. Add to
this already long list legislators, council
men, ballot-box stuffers, election strikers,
heelers, rounders aud repeaters, Govern
ment and municipal officials and small fry
politicians ot every shade of color and de
gree of servitude, and you have a "partial
enumeration," as census takers would say,
of class deadheads.
If the demands of these people were to be
complied with, every railroad train from
Maine to California would be filled with
deadheads, and every railroad in this coun
try would be in thehands of a receiver in
considerably less than six mouths.
Chaujstcey M. Depew.
PISHEEMAN'S LUCE INDEED.
Two Knights ot the Bod Canght Heavy
Colds and Bheumatlsm.
Boiton Transcript.
A Danbury youth went trout-fishing the
other day and ventured to drop a sly line
into a posted brook. Soon the approaching
figure of the owner loomed up in the dis
tance, and the Danbury youth knew he had
been seen. He took incontinently to the
bushes, where he spent a very miserable
two hours in hiding and caught a cold that
kept him two days in bed. Meanwhile the
terrible owner, who was not the owner at
all, had sought a similar refuge at sight of
the original culprit, and not until his teeth
chattered like a typewriter did he venture
to leave the friendly but damp shelter and
slink away from the scene. He was an
elderly man, and his share In the day's sport
resulted in a four days' rheumatio limp.
A POSTOFFICE IK A HAT.
One of the Tarns That the Denizens ot Pio
neer Towns Love to Tell.
Kansas City Times.
Dr. Joshua Thorne tells many good stories
of the years when this town was young.
"Thirty-three years ago," said he, "I car
ried the postoffice about in my high silk
hat. The letters were stuck around behind
the leather band just inside the hat, and
when I'd meet an acquaintance and every
man, woman and child was such I would
take off my hat and glance around inside of
it and hand out the mail.
"Sometimes I would think I had a letter
for a man and would yell, 'Here! herel
Jones, I've got some mail tor you.' If it
chanced that I was mistaken, I would say,
1 thought I had letter for you, but I guess
that was two or three days ago.' "
IHE BATH MAN'S SIGNAL.
After Abasln; His Victim ns TJsual He
Strikes Him to Call the Kelt
Le Steele.
At a Turkish bath in Paris, a visitor pa
tiently submitted to the various operations
of rubbing, kneading, and pummeling com
prised in the treatment. When the sham
poo was over, the attendant dried him with
a towel, after which he dealt the patient
three heavy and sonorous blows with the
flat of the hand.
"Mille tonnerresl" the victim ejaculated;
"what did you strike mo for?"
"Aht monsieur, don't let that trouble
you," was the reply, "it was only to let the
other man know that I have done with you,
and that he is to send me the next cus
tomer. You see, we haven't a bell in the
room."
ii
CUBING OPTIC TROUBLES.
A Tonne Woman Who Had to Fix Her
Teeth and Abandon Corsets.
The true oculist dosn't always prescribe
glasses. For example, ayoung woman whose
eyesight had become very much impaired
was ordered, first of all, to have ten or
a dozen amalgam fillings drilled out of her
teeth. She was told that she might take
her choice between having the holes stopped
up with goldand having all the teeth
drawn. She was next ordered to stop wear
ing corsets, and next she was subjected to a
course of treatment to allay a stomach
trouble, a sort of mild dyspepsia. The
doctor told her that, though glasses might
give her temporary help, pathological
treatment must be resorted to to produce a
permanent improvement in her eyesight.
The Interior of Australia.
A traveler returning from the interior of
Australia says: I penetrated te interior
for 200 or 300 miles, and saw the country
strewn with carcasses of sheep. The grass
had all dried up like paper, the water was
all gone, and great droves of sheep had lit
erally starved" to death. You have no con
ception of the desolation of the landscape.
Not a tree or blade of green within sight,
no water to greet the eye, no olouds above
to cool the terrible heat of the sun's ravs
that beat perpendicularly down upon the
barren sand desert. To me It wfts an awful
spect.icle, and my next visit to Australia
shall be confined to the coast regions, where
grass grows and water runs.
The Press ot Australia.
"In no part of the world Is the power 6f
the press so potent as in Australia," said
James Cameron, of Glasgow, Scotland re
cently. "I make a trip to Australia every
year, and have a chance of observing the
influence wielded bv the journals and jour
nalists of that far-ofi and isolated country.
The people are distinctively British, but,
being so lar removed from their native Gov-'
ernment, they have of necessity and natur
ally evolved a civilization peculiarly their
own. and no factor is so powerful in that
civilization 'as their newspaper press."
ATALKWHFARRAR.
The Archdeacon Thinks We Should
Have an Established Chnrch.
EPISCOPAL GROWTH IN AMERICA'.
Eajs Browning Has a Range Second Only
to That of Shakespeare.
BREADTH OF OUR CATHOLIC LEADERS
rcoBSzsroxnxxcx or thi aisr.iTCH.1
Lokdon, April 2L Within the very
shadow of that splendid pile, that poem of
stone, Westminster Abbey, and hidden
within the deep stillness and seoluslon of
Dean's Yard, where the noise and tumult
of the great weary city comes but in a
muffled tone, stands the old-fashioned house
in which the eloquent Canon of West
minster has lived for many years past.
As I passed within the door and up the
wide staircase down which there poured a
great flood of light, I noticed 'with special
interest that the walls were lined with
heraldic shields, exact replicas of shields
in the adjacent abbey, as the
Archdeacon subsequently explained
to me. The shield of Frederic of
Barbarossa, in which the eagle differed
from the present German eagle In having
only one head instead of two, of Edward
the Confessor, of the Earl of Lincoln, with
the bar sinister running right across it,
specially attracted my attention. The study
itself, a delightful room, lit up in the flam
ing rays of the setting sun, gives one an idea of
the scholarly recluse, the elegant and pre
cise man of letters, the Canon himself, with
his pleasant fade, his quiet, refined man
ner, which now and again warms up into
eloquent energy as he lies back in his ohair
and talks.
His Opinion of America.
These are memories that linger pleasantly
in the mind as one finds oneself again in the
aolay, hustling streets of the great metrop
olis. The contrast between the deep still
ness and hush of medieval eoolesiasticism
and the rush and roar ot the end of the
nineteenth century of push and progress is
very marked and striking indeed. We be
gan our conversation with an allusion to
my recent visit to America, and Dr. Farrar
placed in my hands a portrait of himself
and Mr. Phillips Brooks sitting together.
"I Intensely enjoyed my visit to Ameri
ca," said he, "everybody is so wonder
fully kind there. One of my sons lives
in Philadelphia with George Childs, he,
you know, that made the noble resolve
that his paper should be one that could be
placed on any table in the land and that
none should be hurt by it. Yes, I saw Dr.
Oliver Wendell Holmes. He told me I
was the only public man with whom he had
no previous acquaintance that he had ever
written to, and he so wrote to me to tell ma
of the pleasure he had derived from my
work on 'Eternal Hope.'
"I asked him it he had met any of the
leading Boman Catholics, and if he had
noticed, as I had noticed in conversation
and correspondence with such men as Cardi
nal Gibbons and Archbishop John Ireland,
how thoroughlv American Catholicism was
impregnated with the old spirit of Puri
tanism. The Archdeacon was much inter
ested. An Established Chnrch for America.
"I noticed, he replied, 'that in many
respects they were singularly broadminded.
I received much kindness at their hands.
"Did you think, sir, I queried, that
America suffers in not having an estab
lished church?
"Well, yes," was his reply. "I think she
loses in some respects. I was much struck
with the wonderful 'increase of the Epis
copal Church there. She increases more
rapidly than any other ohnrch, and unlike
the Boman Church she does not derive her
increase from immigration."
I wa interested to hear that Dr. Oliver
Wendell Holmes has just written a quatrain
for the windows which Dr. Farrar has'
placed in his church in memory of his son,
a young man of greatpromise, who died last
year in China. Dr. Farrar is evidently an
artist at heart and it was pleasant to note
his enthusiasm as he took me from room to
room and pointed out some of the beautiful
pictures with which his walls are hung.
"Some Americans," said he, "knowing
how I love their country sent me those
splendid autumn-tinted landscapes. What
a blaze of glory I Artists here complain that
they are impossible, but anyone who has
seen an. American forest in the fall knows
they are but simple truth."
Influence of the Cathedrals.
I asked him how far he thought It was
possible to bring the great cathedral
churches into touch with the national life
He leaned forward as he replied: "Here in
the abbey we are doing our best. Thirty
years ago Dean Trench threw open the
nave, which had only been intended for the
Bomau processions, for public services, and
they have been crowded ever since. - It is a-
curious tact that more men tnan women at
tend these services, and I get many letters,
many oi them unsigned, from people in all
parti of the world, who have been
pleased or impressed by a sermon they may
have heard me preach.
"I hold that our cathedrals should be the
great center of spiritual and social life.
Here all great social and moral questions
which affect the vital welfare of the nation
should be discussed. Here one ought to
reconcile as far as possible science and re
ligion. Here, in our cathedrals, party dif
ferences should be forgotten, all should rec
ognize the fact that they are servants en
gaged in the same holy service under one
great Master. Whatever our minor differ
ences, as I once said to John Bright, we
ought never to forget the beautitnl words
of William Penn, 'The meek, the just', the
pious, the devout are all of one religion,
and will all meet and recognize one another
when their various liveries are laid aside.'
And you remember that one of tbe great
fathers of the Church tell us Ubi Spiritus,
ibi Ecclesia."
Browning's Range Next to .Shakespeare.
Something turned the conversation upon
poetry, and I put it to the Archdeacon if he
did not consider that in recent yenrs the
poets had done much, not only to influence
preachers, but absolutely to revolutionize
religious thought.
"Why, yes," replied Dr. Farrar, "Tenny
son and Browning have influenced me in
calculably. Browning has a range only sec
ond to. that 'of Shakespeare. Tennyson's
Idylls' are lovely allegories and contain
great teaching for the Church. Besides we
get at the minds of these men so thoroughly
and it is interesting to lee how men view
ArcMeaeon Farrar.
matters theologically, apart from a purely
professional point of view. They go much
further than I do with regard to the 1irger
Hope,' which they have quite unvaryingly
taught; but like myself, .They know not
anything; they can but trust that good shall
fall, at last', far off, at last to all.'
"See how hopeful Browning always is
nd think of his effect on (he theology of
the last 30 years. How ringing - with
splendid hope are those lines of his life in
probation, and this earth no goal, but
starting point of man! 'And then those
deathless lines in Abt "Vogler, 'all we have
willed, or hoped, or dreamed of good shall
exist,
There shall never be one lost good.
The evil Is null, Is silence Implying sodnd.
On the earth tbe broken arcs, la the heaven
the perfect round.
"I hardly like to tell you," continued Dr.
Farrar, "all the good I hope and believe
ray book on 'Eternal Hope' has done, but I
have been extraordinarily misunderstood
and abused on this subject. And yet :n
the end even Dr. Posey conceded all I
wanted."
Bcolsslsstlelsm of th Abbey.
A moment's silence, during whioh some
where far off, I heard pealing from a dis
tant organ the magnificent strains of Han
del's "Hallelujah Chorus," and a vision of
a long past summer day row before my
mind. It was in the adjacent abbey, and
from the lips ot the very man who now sat
before me, there had just fallen the con
cluding' words of one of those splendid
sermons of his, full of all hope and lova
and consolation; and I recollected how at
the moment I had thought how much they
must have differed from, let us say, the
stern denunciations of some fiery abbot or
some bigoted puritan, and so I said, with a
humorous smile flickering round my lips;
"Dr. Farrar, may I ask you a personal
question? How far are yod afflicted by the
ecclesiastical tradition of the grand old
abbey, and does not its very ecclesiasticism
war against your own tendency to liber
ality ot thought? Do not these ancient
walls that have in. the past re-echoed to
such very different teaching, seem to hurl
back vast reproaches upon you?"
Archdeacon Farrar broadly smiled as he
replied: "Assuredly I am affected, but not
in the way you imagine. The traditions of
Westminster are all in javor of the truest
Catholicity. Is it not the Temple of Silence
and Beconciliation? Do not Mary and
Elizabeth sleep there side by side, at rest
and peace at last, 'life's fitful fever spent?'
A Theology In Stone.
Very few. recognize the great truth that
the abbey, like most Of our great cathedrals,
is a theology in stone.. Its triple breadth
and height aud length symbolize the great
Trinity, even the pillars deflect slightly to
the right as did our Lord's head upon the
cross. The double west door is his double
nature. Think how Addison used to seek
shelter from the noisy outside world to
walk its aisles in contemplation. Think of
all the mighty dead and how thronged its
very air is with the ghosts of the highest
and purest and best thaU earth has ever
known. The influence ot the poets upon
the preacher is nowhere more perfectly
realized than within the walls of our be
loved abbey.
They dreamt not of a perishable home who
thus could build.
Be mine In hours of fear or rrovelinff
thought
Tb seek a refuse here.
Or thiough tbe aisles of Westminster to
roam
Where bubbles burst and folly's dancing
foam
Melts If it cross tbe threshold.
And the organ was still pealing on "For
He shall reign forever and forever Amen."
Baxmoxd Blathtvayt.
BEFBIEHDED .BY SEHAI0B HILL.
A Tooth nabled to Graduate From College
by His Generosity.
Albasy, K. Y., April 29. Harry Sey
mour Pearse was graduated with honors
from the Albany Medical College to-day.
In this simple announcement lies the one
bit of romance in the life of David B. Hill
that the public has ever been allowed to
share. Young Pearse attracted Senator
(then Governor) Hill's attention in Elmira,
when he was poor and friendless. The Gov
ernor found that be was bright and active,
gentle and courageous. The boy's ambition
was to be a physician, and Governor Hill
resolved to gratify the hopes ot the friend
less lad. He brought young Pearse to
Albany, gave him a room at. the Executive
Mansion, provided for bis neoessary ex
penses and paid his fees at the Albany Med
ical College. When he turned the Execu
tive Mansion over to Governor and Mrs.
Flower, Senator Hill took rooms at No. 123
State street, and young Pearse's home is
there to-day.
The Senator has looked forward to the
graduation of his protege with mnch in
terest, and he was greatly disappointed
when he learned that the extra session of
the Legislature and the Republican Con
vention occurred at a time when for purely
personal reasons he wished to be in Albany.
For fear that his presence here would be
misconstrued he remained at Washington
to-day. He is expected here next Sunday
or Monday, when he will give up the room's
on State street and young Pearse will say
"Thank you" to a genemus patron. The
graduate is about 21 yean old, of medium
height, inclined to be of fall figure and with
a rosy complexion and a blond mustache of
very recent growth. He was prize essayist
in a class of 54 and took the Dr. Boyd prize
for the best final examination in obstetrics.
A BT0BY OF M.'CULL0TJGH,
His Army Didn't I.ook Like Barbarians,
bat They Smelted Like Them.
One night John McCullough's company
was playing "Ingomar," an$ young
Southern was to be the leader, of the bar
barian army. - During the day he and his
companions in arms ransacked the town for
fur coverings in which to appear on the
stage. They secured some skins which had
been imperfectly cured. In the scene
where the barbarians rushed on McCul.
lough, the tragedian- stood aghast and al
most forgot his lines. When the curtain
fell he turned to the fur-covered battalion
and said:
"Boys, yon don't look like a barbarian
armv; but I'm hanged if you don't smell
like'one!"
CLOTHING MADE 07 WOOD.
A Baden Man Has Improved on the Flan
of Some Indians.
Fhlladelpnl Record.)
It is announced that Dr. Mitscherlich of
Freiburg, in Baden, has patented a process
for manufacturing clothing out of wood
pulp. A tribe of Indians In the valley of
the Amazon has long practiced a more
direct method of securing clothing from cer
tain trees of the forest. The bark on a log
somewhat shorter than the person to be
clothed is pounded until it becomes thin and
flexible. Then it is slipped off tbe log and
dried. Finallv, armholes are cut in it, and
the dress is thereby finished. It is said to
be delightfully cool attire for a tropical
climate.
Social Effect ot Electric Koadi.
Otis K. Stuart has collected a number of
data bearing on the effect of electric rosds
on society. Assuming that about 5 cents
per car mile are saved by using electrical In
stead of horse power on street railways, Mr.
Stuart finds that the aggregate saving in the
United States, were all the street railways
operated electrically, would be $25,000,000
per annum. The resolution of this amount
into units shows that it is equal to the labor
of 20,000,000 men for one day, at the fate of
$1 25 to each, or about 53,000 men for one
year. This would give an increase of over
(200 a year to the income of. each stock
holder in the various street railway com
panies of the country.
Woman's Sphere Is Growing:.
At the Ohio State University one-young
lady is taking a course in electrical engi
neering. She is a sophomore and has made
an excellent record in her studies
PICTURES IN BLACK
The WonderM Silhonettes Now on
Exhibition in Berlin.
OVER THREE THOUSAND DESIGNS.
Paper Catting Raised to the Dignity of an
Art by Paul Konewka.
HOW THE OLD . NAME 0EIG15ATED
rcoBBEsroxnxxcx or thx pisrjLTCH.i
Berlin, April 2a An exhibition of
silhouettes is so rare an occurrence that it
cannot bnt excite the most vivid interest in
artistic circles. The present, a private ex
hibition, giving a clear and exhaustive in
sight into the history and progress of this
modest art, has been arranged in the gal
lery of the clubhouse of the Berlin Artists'
Society.
Over 3,000 designs have been sent, all in
outline, cut from thin black paper with
scissors, and pasted on cardboard. Some
are In life-size, others so small that th
piece of paper they are cut from cannot
have been larger than a square inch. The
majority are made for illustrative purposes,
to be stylographed and lithographed for
picture books, bookcovers; to illustrate
popular poems, and as designs for head and
tail pieces, which are very numerous.
Some are used to decorate snuff
boxes, china plates, lamp shades,
eta A design for a fire-screen
represents a group of little demons piano
ing about with poker, shovel and tongs.
There are also many sheets filled with de
signs for children, called "Bilderbogen,"
which are so popular in Germany, and rep
resent the different specimens ot animals;
for instance, all ?lhe various kinds of dogs
and the different 'species of horses, which,
From Exmewka'i Bcitsoru
fiven in outline, trains the child's eye won
erfully for quick perception of form.
Some of the silhouettes are made for pic
torial effect, among them many types of
character, such as dudes, street vendors,
peasants at work, clowns performing acro
batic feats, Italian bagpipers, duelling stu
dents, eta ,
The Origin ot the'SIThoaette.
The origin of the silhouette dates from the
middle of the last century. The following
story is told: During the reign of Louis
XY. the Marquis Etienne de Silhout was
selected, by the recommendation of the Mar-
Suise de Pompadour, for the extremely
fflcult office of Minister of France. He
tried hard to evolve some order out of the
chaos of national finance, and commenced,
as usual in such cases, by cutting down
every State expensebut his endeavors were
in vain, and at the end of eight months ha
was glad to retire. In the meantime some
witty rascal cut to perfection a portrait of
the Marquis out of a piece of black paper;
of course only a profile, and without eyes,
and exhibited copies in all the picture
shops. The mob christened those portrait's
silhouettes, because- they were- "as black as
the seal of the Marquis, and as empty as his
treasury."
After that it became the fashion, to have
one's portrait made a la Silhouette, and it
was easily enough done, as it was in the
power of everyone to learn this simple art.
People who wished to have their portrait
taken'seated themselves, in the evening, in
a manner that the light of a candle threw
a distinct and correct shadow of their pro
file on a piece of paper, fastened to the
wall. Then the outline of the shadow was
followed with a pencil, and afterward cut
out. Katurally these silhouettes wera
rather large, and to reduce them in size,
and to still keep the outline clear, needed a
person of some artistic ability, so it came
that a large number of men made it their
profession, some of them acquiring great
skill, being able to cut the portraits directly
after the living model. These artists
traveled from town to town, going about
the beer gardens, cafes and restaurants, cut
ting out a portrait whenever they found a
chance to do so, and afterward offering it
for a small price. They did specially good
business at the fairs.
The Man Who Made It an Art.
However, toward the middle of the cen
tury tbe silhouette threatened to be crushed y
entirely out by photography- Only the
students retained the custom, and it would
have died out entirely if a young artist had
not suddenly appeared who cut out whole
groups of figures, of animals as well as hu
man beings, with such skill and so much
poetic feeling that he raised the silhouette
to the rank of a meritorious art, and since
then no artist considers it under his dignity
to now and then make a silhouette for past
time, while others have made it a paying
part of their profession, on strictly artlstio
principles.
The man who worked this wonder was
Paul Konewka. His works naturally play
an important and the most interesting part
in the exhibition, the more so as it has been
arranged by some of his' pupils. All his
leading works are there, his illustrations
for Goethe's "Faust," "Uncle Tom's Cabin"
and Shakespeare's "Midsummer Night's
Dream" and Falstaff ftrom "Henry IV").
Ludwlg Detub, a well-known art critic,
said of Konewka, "In refinement, beauty
and characteristic delineation of human
figures and animals, in pure outline, none,
even of the greatest artists of nature, have
surpassed Konewka."
One thing is cerfaln, that aside from
Strohl, who depicts the life of Tvroleie
peasants in silhouettes, there is nobody who
can rival him in this rt.
A Rather Eccentrio Genius.
Konewka was scarcely three years old
when he showed the first signs of his pecul
iar talent. For hours he could quietly, sit
at his sister's side and busy himself with
the scissors from her work-basket and a
piece of paper. Anil these first trials were
neither timid, nor did they lack the power
of observation, which, in later years, gave
to all his works such an extraordinary de
dree of naturalness. He was not older
than five when he first tried foreshortening,
and a horse which turns its head dates from
that time.
He was a restless worker, and made thou
sands and thousands of pictures in the short
time that wit granted to him; he died when
he was but 3L His workinc material, a
few sheets of black paper and a pair of
scissors he always carried with him, ana at
the slightest request would cut, with hit
peculiar rapidity, a charming little figure
tromlmatrination. and generously rive it
away to the first amateur, but only on one
condition that he was perfectly satisfied
with It KUDOLPH UAtTMAir.
The Underpaid School Teacher.
In Germany teachers are very poorly
paid. At a teachers' festival somebody
proposed the .toast: "Long live our school
teachers!" "What on?" asked a cadaver
ous specimen, rising in his seat.
KT.n.fa af-r Tillrt silver tearioonii. n.w
patterns, at Stelnmann's, 105 Federal street.
WISH
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