KIPLING IN VERMONT,
A Pen Picture of the Bleat
New England Hills in a
Blanket of Snow.
DRIVING ON AN OX-TEAJL
Jealousies and Internal Dissensions
of a Typical Village.
SLEIGHING H THE HOOXLIGHT.
Itsajing Enovshots and Listening to the
Tales of a Woodsman.
A GLIMPSE OP MOKADJfOCE H0UKT1ET
pTBITTEV POB THE DISPATCH.!
After the gloom of gray Atlantio weather
our ship came to America in a flood of
winter sunshine that made unaccustomed
eyelids blink; and the Sew Yorker, who is
nothing if not modest, said: "This isn't a
sample of our really fine days; wait until
such and snch times come, or go to such and
such a quarter of the city."
"We were content and more than content
to drift aimlessly up and down the brilliant
streets, wondering a little why the finest
light should be wasted on the worst pave
ments in the world; to walk round and
round Madison Sqnare, because that was
full of beautifully dressed babies playing
counting-out games, or to gaze reverently at
the broad-shouldered, pug-nosed Irish New
York policeman. "Wherever we went there
was the sun, lavish and unstinted, working
nine hours a day, with the color and the
clean-cut lines of perspective that he makes.
JThat any one should dare to call this
climate muggy, yea, even "sub-tropical,"
was a shock. There came such a man, and
he said: "Go north if yon want weather
weather that is weather. Go to New Eng
land." So New York passed away upon a sunny
afternoon, with her roar and rattle, her
complex smells, her triply overheated
rooms and much too energetic inhabitants,
while the train went north to the lands
where the snow lay. It came in one sweep
almost, it seemed, in one turn of the
wheel covering the winter-killed grass
and turning the lrozen ponds, that looked
so white under the shadow of lean trees,
into pools of ink.
First SI;lit of an American Cutter.
As the light closed in, a little wooden
town, white, cloaked, and dumb, slid past
the windows and the strong light of the car
lamps fell upon a sleigh (the driver furred
and muffled to his nose) turning the corner
of a street Sow, the sleigh of a picture
book, however well one knows it, is alto
gether different from the thing in real life,
a means of conveyance at a journey's end,
but it is veil not to be ovcrcurious in the
matter, for the same American who has
been telling yon at length how he once fol
lowed a kilted Scots soldier from Chelsea to
the Tower, out ot pure wonder and curios
ity at his bare knees and sporran, will
laugh at vour interest in "just a cutter."
The jtali of the train surely the great
American nation would be lost if deprived
ot the ennobling society of brakeraan, con
ductor, negro porter, ar.d newsboy, told
pleas-ant tales, a they spread themselves at
ease in the fmoking compartment, of snow
ii:gs i:p on the line to Montreal, of desper
ate attacks four engines together and a
Enow-plow in front on drifts 30 feet
high, and the pleasure of walking along the
tops ot goods wagons to brake a train with
the thermometer 50 below freezing. "It
comes cheaper to kill men that way than to
put air brakes on freight cars," said the
brakeman.
Kipling Takes a Sleigh Hide.
Thirty below freezing! It was incon
ceivable till one stepped out into It at mid
night, and the first shock of that clear still
air took away the breath as a plunge into
sea Mater docs. A walrus sitting on a
woolpack was our host in his sleigh, and he
wrapped us in hairy goatskin coats, caps
that came down over the ears, buffalo robes
and blankets, and vet more buffalo robes,
till we, too, looked like walruses and
moved almost as gracefully. The night xas
as keen as the edge 01 a newly ground
sword, breath froze on the coat lapels in
snow, the nose became without sensation,
and the eyes wept bitterly because the
horses were in a hurry to get home, and
whirling through the air at zero' brings
tears.
But for the jingle of the sleigh bells the
ride might have taken place in a dream, for
there was no sound ot Hoofs upon the snow,
the runnels sighed now and again as they
glided over an equality, and all the sheeted
hills round about, were dumb as death. Only
the Connecticut river kept up its heart and
a lane ot black Mater through the packed
ice. "We could see the stream worrying
round the heels of its small bergs. Else
where there was nothing but snow under the
moon snow drifted to the level of the stone
iences'br curling cer their tops in a tip of
frosted silver; snow banked high on either
tide of the road or lying heavy on the pines
and hemlocks in the w oods, where the air
teemed, by comparison, as warm as a con
eervatory. It was beautiful beyond ex
pression Nature's boldest sketch in black
and v. hite, done with a Japanese disregard
of perspective and daringly altered from
time to time by the restless pencils of the
moon.
Observations on Ox-Drlvlng.
In the morning the other side of the pic
ture was revealed in the colors of the sun
light. There was never a cloud in the sky
tuat rested on the snow line ol the Horizon
as a sapphire on white velvet. Hills of
pure white or speckled and furred with
woods rose up above the solid white levels
of tbe fields, and the sun rioted over, their
embroideries till the eyes ached. Here and
there on the exposed Elopes the day's
warmth the thermometer was nearly 40
degrees and the night's cold had made a
bald and shining crust upon the snow; but
the most part was soft, powdered stuff,
ready to catch the light on a thousand crys
tals and multiply it revenfoid.
Through this magnificence, and thinking
nothing ot it, a wooden sledge, drawn by
two shaggy, red steers, the unbarked logs
diamond-dusted with snow, shouldered
down the road in a cloud ot lrosty breath.
It is the mark of inexperience in this sec
tion ot the country to confound a sleigh
which you U6e for riding iith the sledge
that is devoted to heavy work, and it is, I
believe, a still greater sign of worthlessness
to think that oxen are driven, as they are in
most places, by scientific tivisting ot the
taiL The driver, with the red mittens on
his hands, felt overstockings that come up
to his knees, and perhaps a silver-gray coon
skin coat on his back, walks beside crying,
"Gee! Haw!" even as is written in the
American stories. And the speech of the
driver explains many things in regard to
the dialect story, which, at its bast, is an in
fliction to many.
Stories In Swedish or Russian.
Sow that I have heard the long, unhur
ried drawl of Vermont, my wonder is, not
that the Sew England tales should be
printed in what for the sake of argument
we will call English and its type, but
rather that thev should not have appeared in
Swedish or Bussian. Our alphabet is too
limited. This part of the country belongs
to laws unknown to the United States, but
which obtain all the world over, to the
"Vew England story and the ladies who
write it. 3Tou feel this in the air as soon as
you ee the white-painted wooden houses.
left out on the mow, the austere school
house, and the people, the men of the
farms, the women who work as hard as they,
with, it may be, less enjoyment of life, the
other houses, well-painted and quaintly
roofed; that belonged to Judge This. Law
yer That and Banker Such-an-One. all pow
ers in the giddv metropolis ot 6,000 folk
over there bv the railroad station. More
acutely still do you realize the atmosphere
when you read in the local paper announce
ments ot "chicken suppers" and "church
sociables" to be given by such and such a
denomination, sandwiched between para
graphs of genial and friendly interest,
showing that the country side live (and live
without slaying each other) on terms of ter
rifying intimacy.
The folk of the old rock, the dwellers in
the older houses born and raised hereabouts,
would not live out of the town for any con
sideration; but there are insane people from
the south men and women from Boston
and the like who actually build houses
out in the open country two and even three
miles away from Main street, which is
nearly 400 yards long and the center of life
and population.
What Village People Enow.
"With the strangers, more particularly if
they do not buy their grooeries "in the
Street," Which 'means and is the town,
the town has little to do, bnt it knows
everything and much more also that goes
on among them. 'Their dresses, their cattle,
their views, the manners of their children,
their manner toward their servants, and
every other conceivable thing is reported,
digested, discussed, and rediscussed up and
down Main street. Sow, the wisdom of
Yermont,-not being at all times equal to
grasping all the problems of everybody
else's life with delicacy, sometimes makes
pathetic mistakes and the town is set
Sudyard ISpttng.
by the ears. You will see, therefore, that
towns of a certain size do not ma
terially differ all the world over. The talk
of the men of the farms is of their farms
purchase, mortgage and sale, recorded
rights, boundary lines, and road tax. It
was in the middle of Sew Zealand, on the
edge of the wild horse plains, that I heard.
ttiis talc last, when a man and his wile, -u
miles from the nearest neighbor, sat up half
the night discussing just the same things
that the men talked of in Main street, Ver
mont, 17. S. A, in almost the same words.
There is one man in the State now who is
much exercised over this place. He is a
farm hand, raised in a hamlet 15 or-20 miles
lrom the nearest railway and, greatly dar
ing, he has wandered here. The bustle and
the turmoil of Main street, the raw glare ot
the electric lights, nnd the five-storied brick
business blocks frighten and distress him
much. He has taken service on a' farm,
well away from these delirious delights,
and. says he, "I've been offered f25 a
month to work in a bakery at Sew York.
But you don't get me to Sew York. I've
seen this place an it scares me. His
strength is in the drawing ot hay and the
ieeuing ot cattle.
The Farm Band's "Winter Soft Snap.
"Winter life on a farm does not mean the
comparative idleness that is so much written
of. Each hour seems to have its GO minutes
of work; for the cattle are housed .and jeat
eternally; the colts must be turned nut for
their drink, and the ice broken for them if
necessary; then ice must be stored tor sum
mer use, and then the real work of hauling
logs for firewood begins. Sew England de
pends for its fnel on the woods. The trees
are '"blazed" in the autumn just before the
fall of the leaf, felled later, cut into four
foot lengths, and as soon as the friendly
snow makes sledging possible, drawn down
to the woodhouse. Afterward the needs of
the farm can be attended to, and a farm, like
an arch, is never at rest.
A little later will come maple sugar time,
when the stately maples are tapped as the
sap begins to stir, and beringed with absurd
little buckets (a cow being milked into a
thimble gives some idea ot the dispropor
tion) which are emptied into caldrons. Af
terward (th's is in the time of the "sugar-ing-off
parties") you pour the boiled syrup
into tins full of freshsnow, where it hard
ens, and you pretend to help, and eat and
become very sticky and make love, boys
and girls together. Even the introduction
of patent sugar evaporators has not spoiled
the love-making.
The Over-Supply of "Women.
There is a certain scarcity of men to make
love with. Sot so much in towns which
have their own manufactories and lie within
a lover's Sabbath day journey of Sew York,
but in the farms and villages. The men
have gone away the young men are fight
ing lor fortune further "West, and the
women remain remain for ever, as women
must On the farms, when the children
depart, the old man and the the old woman
strive to hold things together without help,
and the woman's portion is work and
monotony. Sometimes she goes mad to an
extent w'hich appreciably affects statistics,
and is put down in census reports. More
often, let us hope, she only dies.
In the villages, where the necessity for
heavy work is not so urgent, the women
find consolation in the formation ot literary
clubs and circles, and so gather to them
selves a great deal of wisdom in their own
way.
That way is not altogether lovely. They
desire facts, and the knowledge that they
are at a certain page in a German or Italian
book belore a certain time, or that they
have read the proper books in a proper way.
At any rate, they have something to do
that seems as if thev were doing something
It has been said that the Sew England
stories are cramped and narrow. Even a
far-off view of the iron-bound life whence
they were drawn justifies the author. You
can carve a nut in 1,000 different ways, by
reason of the hardness of the shell.
Kipling Tries Some Snowahoea.
Twenty or 30 miles across the hills, on
the way to the Green Mountains, lie some
finished chapters of pitiful stories a few
score abandoned farms started in a lean
land, held fiercely so long as there was any
one to work them, and then left on the hill
sides. Beyond this desolation are woods
where the bear and the deer still find peace,
and sometimes even the beaver forgets that
he is persecuted and dares to build his
lodge. These things were told me by a man
who loved the woods for their own sake and
not for the sake of slaughter a quiet, slow
spoken man of the West, who came across
the drifts on snowshoes, and refrained from
laughing when I borrowed his footgear and
tried to walk.
The gigantic lawn tennis bats, strung
with hide, are not easy to maneuver. It
you forget to keep the long heels down and
trailing in the snow you turn over and be
come as a man who tails into deep .water
with a lifebelt tied to his ankles. It you
lose your balance do not attempt to reco'ver
it, but drop half sitting and half kneeling
over as large an area as possible.
"When you have mastered the wolf
step, can slide one shoe above the
other deftly, that is to say, the sen
sation ot paddling over a ten-foot deep drift
and taking short cuts by buried fences if
worth .the ankle-ache. The man from the
"West interpreted to me the signs on the
snow and snowed how a fox (this section of
the country is full of foxes, and men shoot
them because riding is impossible) leaves
one kind of spoor, walking with circum
spection, as becomes a thief, and a dogv
who has nothing to be ashamed of but
widens his four legs and plunges, another;
THE
how coons go to sleep for the winter, and
squirrels, too, and how the deer on the
Canada border trample down deep paths
that are called yards and are caught there
by inquisitive men with cameras, who hold
them by their tails when the deer have
blundered into deep snow, and so photo
graphed their frightened dignity. It was
all as new and delightful as the steady
"scrunoh" of tbe snowshoes and the daz
cling silence of the hills.
A View of Honadnock,
Beyond the very furthest range were the
pines turffcd to a taint blue haze against the
white, one solitary peak a real mountain
and not a hill showed like a glgantlo
thumb-nail pointing heavenward.
"And that's Monadnock," said the man
from the "West. "All the hills have Indian
names. You left "Wantastigat on your right
coming out of town."
You know how it sometimes happens thst
a word shuttles in and out of many years,
waking all sorts of incongruous associations.
I had met Monadnock on paper in a shame
less parody of Emerson's style before ever
style or verse had interest for me. But the
work stuck because of a rhyme In which
some one -was:
crowned coeval
With Honadnook's cress,
And my wings extended
Touch the Ease and West.
Later the same word, pursued on the same
principle as that blessed one Mesopotamia,
led me to and through Emerson up to his
poem on the peak itself the wise old
ciant. "busv with his skv affairs." who
makes us sane and sober, and" tree from lit
tle things, if we trust him. So Monadnock
came to mean everything that was helpful,
healing, and full of quiet, and when I saw
him half -across Sew Hampshire he did not
fail. In that utter stillness a hemlock
bough, overweighted with snow, came down
a foot or two with a tired little sigh; the
snow slid off and the little branch flew nod
ding back to its fellows.
Vermont Comment on Vat God.
For the honor of Monadnock there was
made that afternoon an image ' in snow of
Gautama Buddha, something too squat and
not altogether equal on both sides, but with
an imperial and reposeful waist He faced
toward the mountain, and presently some
men in a woodsledge came up the road and
faced him. Sow, the amazed comments of
two Vermont farmers on the nature and
properties of a swag-bellied god are worth
hearing. They were not troubled about his
race, lor he was 'aggressively white, but
rounded waists seem to be out of fashion in
Vermont A.t least they say so, with rare
and curiouSoaths.
Sext day all the Idleness and trifling
were drowned in a snowstorm that filled
tbe hollows of the hills with whirling blue
mist, bowed the branches in the woods till
you ducked; but were powdered all the same
when you drove through, and wiped out the
sleighing tracks. Mother Sature is beauti
fully tidy it you leave her alone. She
rounded off every angle, broke down every
scarp, and tucked the white bedclothes till
not a wrinkle remained, up to the chins of
the spruces and the hemlocks that would not
go to sleep.
Tracks That Heap-pear In Snow.
"Now," said the man of the West, as we
were driving to the station, and, alas! to
Sew York, ."all my snowshoe tracks are
gone; but when that snow melts a week
hence, or a month hence, they'll all come up
again and show where I've been."
i. A curious idea, is it not? Imagine a mur
der committed in the lonely woods, a snow
storm that covers the tracks of the firing
'man before the avenger of blood has buried
the body, and then a week later the with
drawal ot tho traitorons snow, revealing
step bv step, the path Cain took the six
inch deep trail of his snowshoes each step
a dark disk on the white till the very end!
There is so much, so very much to write,
if it were worth while, about that queer
little town by the railway station, with its
life running, to all outward seeming, as
smoothly as the hack coupes on their sleigh
mounting, and within disturbed by the
hatreds and troubles and jealousies that vex
the minds of all but the gods. For instance
no, it is better to remember the lesson of
Monadnock, and .Emerson has said, "Zeus
hates busybodies and people who do too
much."
That there are such a folk a long nasal
drawl across Main street attests. A farmer
is unhitching his horses from a post op
posite a store. He stands with the tie rope
in his hand and gives his opinion to his
neighbor and the world generally: "But
them there Andersons they ain't got no
notions of etikwette!"
BrjDTABD TTrPT.rwYi.
CAUSES 07 TYPHOID FXVEB,
A Scientist Cites the Case of the-Sonthslde,
Plttiburff, In 1887.
Cholera and typhoid fever are typical
filth diseases that are communicated through
air, food and water, and their origin is
generally the result of Ignorance, careless
ness or superstition, says Floyd Davis, a
Western chemist in the Engineering Maga
zine. In the fall of 1887 typhoid fever was
epidemic in Ottawa, Minneapolis, Pitts
burg and many other American cities, and
in every case known to us the disease was
traced to polluted water. In Pittsburg the
Southside of the city was furnished water
from the Monongahela river, and the fever
was located in this district Through
chemical and biological examinations of the
water the pollution was traced many miles
above the city to a ravine into which drained
the privies of several houses where typhoid
fever patients had been located several
weeks before.
A similar but more noted case than the
above occurred in the little mining town of
Plymouth, Pa., a few years ago, in which
about 1,300 of the 2,000 inhabitants came
down with this disease. Investigation
showed that a sporadio case of typhoid
fever had occurred several miles above the
town and that the excretions ot the patient
were thrown into the stream that formed
the water supply of Plymouth.
BEILIHQ EGGS BY WEIGHT.
The Idea Is Having a Revival In St Xiools
and Has Many Good Points,
St Iionls Globe-Democrat.
The proposal to sell eggs by weight in
stead of by count, as has been the practice
in this part of the country since a period to
which the memory of man does not go, is
being very favorably received. A few years
ago when the same proposal was made by
shippers who had been accustomed to the
plan in the East, and who liked it in cpnse
quence, the suggestion was ridiculed, but
.InAn .I.A.. 41.A H.ll.a fiF a.lltnM 1..... n.nl.
try by weight has been found both practical
and convenient, and tne result is a revival
of the egg-weighing idea. ,
Tbe chief gain would be in the expense of
cases, which, under the count system, have
to be made so as to hold exactly 30 dozen
eggs When the system of buying by
weight comes into force it will be only
necessary to weigh the cases fnll and again
when empty, and eggs can be shipped
packed in sawdust or any other cheap ma
terial. A sew book has been placed In the market
called Abstract 01 Instructions on the
Violin. It contains instrnctions so very
much simplified to relieve teacber and
scholar of very mnch hard work, to be If
necessary a teir-teadier. The rules and
points connected with success are so ar
ranged with tho progress to be clearly
undcistood and easily remembered. Thorn
will be no excuse ' for both teacher and
scholar to lead an erroneous course. Every
one In possession or a copy of this little
work is ready to testify to this effect The
author, J. D. Loppentlan, 5719 Penn avenue,
E. E., this city, has received the most
natterinc recommendations from men who
were bard to convince of such facts. Ex-
Iierlence of more than 20 years' teaching
lave brought this result Sold for tne price
of a single lesson.
There's No Such w
Thing as failure recorded when "taw
rencevllle Amber" is used, because it
is always uniform In quality. You
can't go wrong. sn
Bronro time is here. The buss will soon,
begin to crawl. Kill them all before thev
multiply. Bugino will do it instantly. 33
cents,
PITTSBURG DISPATCH,
WOODLAND MONAECHS
Mighty Elms and Sycamores That
Knew Pittsburg's Founders.
HATUEFS' CHOICEST HANDIWORK.
The
Kan Who Planted the Oaks,
Had Lord Kelson's PleiU
lhat
THOUGHTS APB0P0S OP ARBOR DiT.
WK1ITAN JOB THE DISPATCH.
GERMAN proverb
says: ','He that
pjants trees loves
othersbesides him
self." An early and
excellent illustra
tion of this was
"Ulysses, after a 10
years' absenoe. re
turning home from
Troy and finding his
father planting
trees. He asked hira
why, being so ad
vanced in years, he
would put himself
to the fatigue and labor of planting that of
which he was never -likely to enjoy the
fruit The good old man taking him for a
stranger, paused and gently replied: "I
plant against my son Ulysses comes home."
This old-time picture of contrasts between
the Grecian father and son, also character
izes the frequent fact that "men seldom
plant trees till they begin to be wise, that
is, till they grow old."
The Importance Being? Beeognlsrd'.
The youth of the present time have it in
their power, in this matter of tree planting,
to show that old heads may be carried on
young shoulders. In 'these days of schools
How a Sycamore Wat Saved.
of forestry, of governmental reports upon
the condition and value of our forests, of
papers, and societies, and treatises devoted
to" the preservation!- and propagation of our,
wealth of timber 'lands, estimated by the
tenth census to embrace an area, exclusive
of Alaska, equal to 15 States the size of
Pennsylvania, and of proclamations of the
different Governors formally setting aside
arbor days to be appropriately observed by
the people, it is no unreasonable to suppose,
or too sanguine to believe, that the import
ance of this subject of arboriculture is be
coming more generally apparent and more
practically recognized than ever before.
A tree doesn't grow in a day. Foresight
and perhaps a generous self-renunciation
must have borne their fruits within the hu
man breast before the life of the tree has
had time to respond with the fruits of its
development, whether they be of shade, of
timber, of fruit, or of responsive beauty. If
ever the clement of time is of the essence of
a contract, as the lawyers say, it is so in the
case of the planting and reaping of trees.
A Good Deed Its Own Reward.
And vet, here as elsewhere, there exists
that human demonstration of that divine
law of compensation, by which a good deed
done becomes its own greatest reward; very
much on the principle of that inquiry of
Emerson's pine tree, in his Woodnotes,
as to "Whether is better, tho gift or the
Sycamore Near Steubenville. tl Tket n girth.
donor?" The kindly spirit that prompted
the planting is superior to the mere growth
or fruits of the soil, even as the artistic de
sign of the potter's fertile mind is of a finer
material than the clay which he molds in
his hands and forms on his wheel.
The far-reaching influence and wide
spreading results of one man's teaching and
example, in this-general matter of arbori
culture, are remarkably shown in the life
and by the genius of John Evelyn, Esq.,
the diarist and author of "Silva, or a Dis
course on Forest Trees, and the Propasa
tion of Timber in His Majesty's Domin
ions," as it was delivered in the Boval So
ciety on the 15th day ot October, 1662. It
was said of this treatise, by Mr. Wotton, in
his "Reflections on Ancient and Modern
Learning." that "It outdoes all that Theo
prastus and Plinny have left us on that
subject, and in respect thereto contains
more useful precepts, hints and discoveries,
than all the world had till then known from
all the observation of former ages."
A Side-LIcht'on CIdar.
It may surprise some American readers
and makers ot cider in this apple region of
the "Upper Ohio valley, to know that as
Evelyn's Silva 'was first published in 1664,
in folio, it had annexed thereto "Pomona,
or an Appendix Concerning Forest Trees,
in Relation to Cyder: the Making and Sev
eral Ways of Ordering it" While, there
fore, there may be such a thing as sweet
new. cider, notwlthstanding'fhe captivating
way with which Wendell Phillips, in hit
SUNDAY, APRIL 17.
polished oration upon "The Lost Arts"
used to graciously state, that "there is
nothing new under the sun," it is yet
historically evident that cider "was manu
factured in England several hundred years
ago.
The publication of "Evelyn's Silva" is
said to have caused the planting of millions
of oaks throughout Great Britain, and to
have effectually checked the impolitio waste
of her forests. Even more- interesting are
certain other after-fruits of this action; for
it is historically stated that the fleets of
Selson were largelv constructed from these
self-same oaks. Born in 1620, Evelyn died in
the 86th year of his acre. Upon his tomb, at
Watton, in Surrey, England, is an inscrip
tion, placed there by his direction, capable
of being read by us to-day with profit, and
An Sim of the Chartiert Tbttey.
which says: "Living in an age of extraor
dinary events and revolutions, he learned
from these this truth, which he desired
might be thus communicated to posterity:
That all is vanity which is not honest; and
that there is no solid wisdom but in real
piety.' "
The Commnnlon "With Nature.
If not of this gentle spirit of whom could
it be more fittingly said that "The beauty
of nature shines in his own breast?" In
deed, there is usually a something in the
love of trees and nature which seems to
exert a refining influence upon the human
heart This is well illustrated id tbe lives
of Gilbert White, of Selbourne, Izaak Wal
ton, the anglers' saint, and of Thoreau, our
American poet-naturalist
Perhaps the most interesting of American
books upon our native trees, for the general
reader, is G. B. Emerson's "Trees and
Shrubs of Massachusetts," in two 8vo il
lustrated volumes, published by .Little,
.Brown Ss Co., of Boston. But the most
complete and exhaustive work upon Amer
ican trees is one now in course of pub
lication by Houghton, Mifflin & Co.,
of Sew York and Boston. It is
Prof. Charles S. Sargents' Silva of Sorth
America, and is to be complete in 12 parts
at $25 a part, several of which are now
issued. Of this grand work the Sew York
-Sun has remarked: "Every library which
aspires to exhibit the state of knowledge
respecting the Western Hemisphere must
include this indispensable book among its
treasures." It will interest local-readers to
know that the Carnegie Library at Alle
gheny has subscribed for this noteworthy
publication.
A Tree Through a Poreh.
The citizens of Pennsylvania, from the
sylvan character of its name and domain,
should take an especial pride in.practicing
the science of arboriculture and In observ-
John Evelyn, Esquire.
ing arbor days. The care which is some
times exercised to preserve a tree is dis
played in an accompanying illustration of
an instance in the neighboring village of
Sheridan, where a aycaraore a foot and a
half in diameter and twice the height ot the
house was saved even though it was neces
sary in constructing the front porch to
build it around tho tree, the trunk of which
pierces both the floor and roof.
Two illustrations are given of the big
trees hereabouts. Thev are made from
photographs taken espe'cially for this arti
cle. One Is a large elm in the valley of
the Chartiers creek, some two miles up
from its mouth and not far below where the
Steubenville pike crosses. Some immense
elms and sycamores or buttonball trees line
the banks of the Chartiers near its mouth.
A Tree Prominent In Local History.
The elm two miles up is noted among. the
oldest settlers of the surrounding section
as one of the earliest "corner" or "line"
trees of the original surveys. It has been a
prominent landmark in local history as far
back as the lingering traditions run. Since
the writer photographed it last summer it
has been destroyed. The oil on Chartiers
creek took fire and burned a line of trees
bordering the stream at that point, includ
ing a neighboring house and this.grandold
historic elm. It was about 17 feet in cir
cumference, and its age must have been
very great Only the remnants of the
burnt stump and the hole in the ground
once occupied by its roots, along which the.
consuming fire ate its way, remain.
But the largest one of ail is shown in the
view of a giant sycamore on the West Vir
ginia side of the Ohio river, onnosite the
lower nart of Ktlllhnirilli Tho vnnnffl
ladies of the Steubenville Female Seminary
tied their handkerchiefs around its massive
trunk and thus made the measurement of its
circumference (which must have been a fair
one), 22 feet and 7 inches.
It such trees as these could talk, as the
ancients maintained thev could, it would be
no idle fancjr for us to believe did we but
listen sufficiently close that they would
say:
Speak not thy speech my boughs among:
Put off thy years, wash in tho breeze;
My hours are peaceful centuries.
OBLtx M. Saktoss.
The Women's Friend.
"Lawrencovllle Amber" Is one of the best
friends a woman has, because she is always
able to make good bread, and by thin means
is sure to be on the best of terms with her
family. bu
Strom contains no poison. It could be
ewallowea with impunity, but it kills
roaobes, bedbugs, etc., quloker than light
ning. 25 cents at all dealers.
.1 J?,j
1892L
CHILDREN OF NATURE.
Goat-Skin-Clad Heroes Who Tend
Their Mocks in Old Poland.
ALMOST 1 EACB OP - GIANTS.
One of the Few Peoples in Europe Who So
Kot Use Wine or Liquors.
THHWEAHD HIGHWAYS OP GALICIA
tCORRESFOXDIXCE Or Till DIBFATCH.1
Cracow, Austria, March,31. There are
two European Galicias. Each of- these in
their peasant life possesses great interest to
the traveler. Spanish Galicia, comprising
the Northwestern Provinces of Pontenedra,
Lugo, Coruna and Orense, will ever hold
for me the most tender recollections. Its
Gallegan folk are the bravest, most patient
and loyal in all the world. They love their
rugged mountain land with so passionate a
devotio.n that they will ' suffer untold priva
tion and (yen death before they will give
it up.
They become the "Gallegan dog" ser
vants of all Spain, Portugal and Italy for
half their lives, bearing inconceivable con
tumely, sacrifice and suffering that they
may finally come buck to their dreary crags
and wild and almost sterile -glens to the
ownership of a little cabin, a tiny patch of
land, and tbe to them blessed right to lay
their bones in the same graves as those who
have labored, sacrificed and died, in pre
cisely the same way, for ages before them.
They are dumb folk, but not even a Spanish
monarch has ever dared attempt their en
slavement The other Galicia is less tender and win
some in any of its aspects. It is indeed im
measurably more somber and tragic. It is
Austrian Poland.
The Eape of Poland.
- Everyone remembers the history of an
cient Poland; its line of warrior kings; its
splendid and unrewarded victories for
Christianity over the Turks; its great uni
versities: even its wonderful medieval liter
ature; its kingly commoners and its peas
ant kings; and the final treachery of Bus
sia's Catherine, which led to repeated dis
memberment and partition of old Poland by
Bussia, Germany and Austria; with the hor
rors of a hundred years of insurrec
tion, murder, slavery and despotism that
followed.
It is all too horrible to dwell upon. Aus
tria's portion out of the Polish murder and
rapine, Galicia, comprises an area of over
30,000 square miles, bounded north and east
by Bussia, on the south by Hungarv and
Bukovina, and on the west by Prussia and
Austrian Silesia, Fully'6,000,000 souls oc
cupy this area.
Of these about two and a quarter mill
ions are Busniaks interchangeably called
Bussinen. Buthenens and Buthenians.
whom I shall call Buthenians in these
papers, and who are of Russian stock and
tongue. A million and a half are Hebrews.
The remainder are about equally divided
between Austrian and Bussian Germans.
Almost the entire nobility are of Polish
extraction and'are country loving and livine
people. The peasantry are all Poles and
Buthenians. It will therefore be readily
seeh that nearly the entire inhabitants of
Galician-towns and cities are Polish He
brows and Germans, the former greatly pre
dominating. Fonr Classes of People.
To illustrate, this ancient city whose
population does not exceed 50,000 souls, con
tains 28,000 Hebrews. Lemberg, commer
cially the leading city of Galicia, has 60,000
Hebrews among its 100,000 people. And I
have the word of a friend, a Canadian resi
dent of Kolomea, that among the 28,000 in
habitants of the latter city more than
21,000 are Hebrews.
Practically, then, Austrian Galicia pre
sents for study four classes the Polish and
Buthenian peasantry who, while theoreti
cally free men, are more slavish than
slaves, the ancient Polish nobility who are
either rich and great enough to live almost
regally in ' Berlin, London or Paris, or
home-loving enough to live upon their own
estates something after the simple and
patriarchal manner of Count Tolstoi, not
very far to the north of them; the Hebrews
who financially own both peasant and
master body and soul, as well as all busi
ness affairs of every name and nature; and
the military who relentlessly control them
all.
Austrian rule over its share of fallen Po
land, Vhich lor the first three-quarters of a
century after its seizure was quite as cruel
as that of the Bussian plunderers to the
north, lias had the virtue of not having re
tained its mare barbarous iniquities. It is
still impossible to escape the clang of the
saber, the jingle of the spur, the challenge
of the sentry and the almost intolerable in
solence of tne omnipresent soldiery.
The Tory Air Listei in Galicia.
These uniformed tyrants are in every rail
way carriase or station. They accompany
everv coach. They dog the stranger from
hotel to countryside and back again with
imperturbable "eflrontery. They enter the
home at will; and by their godless presence
snllv everv 'sanctuary and pollute everv
shrine; while spies are so thick swarming
among all classes in the guise of officials,
merchants, artisans, laborers, peasants and
comprising In one ferm or other more than
one-twentieth of the entire population
that the very air is said to "listen" in
Galicia. ,
Despite all this Austrian Poles of Galicia
live in "Im Paradisa" in contrast with their
brethren, ten miles north of. the city,, in
Bussian Poland. The electoral reform law
of 1873 gave the Galician Poles direct elec
tions to'the Vienna Assembly, by districts,
thus breaking down the old' clannish na
tional Polish interests. The Government
has wisely encouraged agricultural reforms
and awakened an emulative spirit between
native Poles and Buthenians and many
small but thriving German agricultural
colonies. And among other sensible things
it has done the one thing which should be
first and best done in everv farming com
munity in the world built roads that will
vie in their endurintr Qualities with the
finest to be found in England and New Eng
land. A Good Road 700 3111e Lone.
Indeed in wandering through Galicia, I
am not certain but that I'would count these
frand Galician roads as the greatest ot all
lessings of all time to tbe peasant Poles.
Their general direction has been governed
by the 'course of the great chain of Car
pathian'Mountains which forms the Hun
garian boundary on the south.
Away down in tbe southeast corner of
Bukovina, over against wild and untrav
ersed Bessarabia and wilder Moldavia this
freat artery of Galician life and commerce
egins. Thence to the northeast it passes
through Kolomea, which has recently come
into prominence from being the base of
operations in the new Galician petroleum
fields. Thence, through the valley of tbe
Prutn into .tho vallev of the Dniester, it
touches ancient Stanislavov, whence it bears
north to Lemberg, the central and greatest
city of Gahoia. From Lemberg it winds
like the Carpathians around to the west and
passes through this ancient Polish capital,
and tnence on to Moravia and V lenna.
On this mighty thoroughfare, lolly 700
English miles in length, are all the great
market towns of Galicia; and despite her
newer railways which for the most part run
parallel with it, pass to -and fro to this day
most of the goods and. products which the
"circles" of Galicia exchange with each
other, the rude products of Moldavia and
Bessarabia," the cattle from the great steppes
which reach the German and Austrian abbat
toirs, the willow carts -of fancy wares from
Anstriato Bussia, and all the innumerable
and uiraamable goods and wares which are
smuggled into Bussia.
Btndylns; People From the Eoads.
Many highways equally well built run ,
parallel with this main artery for shorter
distances. Three great roads, intersect it
from north to south. One in the east runs
south from Bukovina into Transylvania.
In Central Galicia, another, starting at
Lemberg, passes south, cutting through the
Carpathian range, to Munkacs, in Hungary.
The third zigzags southward from this city,
passing into Hungary, through the valley
of the Arva, at the western base of the
Tatra Mountains; and on this mountain
shadowed, forest-fringed, cliff-hung and
cascade-tremulous highway, I tramped with
cartmen and packmen, soldiers and pil
grims, beggars and Gipsies, to the Tatra
Mountains to know their strange and un
known peasantrv.
I am thus explicit regarding the thorough
fares of Galicia, because without this, those
who travel with me can hardly know Gali
cian folk and their ways. Their roads fur
nish the outward seeming of their lives and
affairs. Upon these roads every form of
traffic, threading to and from a score of
countries and sharply defined peoples, is
seen. From them every variation in out
door.daily life, aspect of quaint husbandry,
ceremonial between classes, and hint and
tint of pecnliarity and color in national
fact and feeling, comes close and clear to
the traveler upon his legs. And I have no
where else in Europe seen such a variety
and wealth of roadside shrines.
A Cross Set TJp Every Hair Mile,
I should think that in the 2,000 or 3,000
miles of the great stone roads of Galicia
a huge wooden or stone crucifix, or a tiny
brick or stone shrine, might be found oh
the average at the distance of every half an
English mile. Most of the crucifixes are of
wood hewn out of beech or oaken logs.
Whether of wood or stone, as if from some
great burden, every one leans, and this very
leaning lends a strangely suggestive sad
ness ana loneliness to tne landscape.
They are most frequent in districts near
est the Carpathians which form the Hun
garian boundary. The Buthenian peasants
being of the Bussian stock are all Greek
Catholics, and the Polish Galicians are
without exception Boman Catholics. They
are equally pious, and you can never pass
crucifix or shrine without witnessing a
group of both in rapt devotion,'many of
whom are groveling prostrate upon tbe
earth before the sacred reminders of Cal-
varv. At Whitsuntide one will see crowds
of these simple and pious devotees crawling
upon all fours, while trailine huge wooden
crosses from their necks and shoulders,
around every roadside shrine in all Galicia.
At the'little inn where I tarry in Cracow,
I made the acquaintance ot a youth of 20
who bad tired of Tatras peasant life, and
had come to the great citv to seek his for
tune as a kellner or servitor. He had led
the dog's life of the city inn long enough to
pine for his old mountain home with an un
alterable longing. I bought his freedom of
his landlord master for 80 marks, and thus
secured the most devoted guide traveler
ever knew to the shepherd hut homes of the
wild and almost untraversed Tatra Mount
ains. Glories of a Slonntstn Journey.
The glories of this mountain journey were
unrivaled. Yild, rugged, grand nature,
unchanged from creation by the hand of
map, was mine for complete enjoyment
This, too, was eatrancingly varied by occa
sional simultaneous views of a marvelous
character. Our way led mainly along the
southern or Hungarian slopes. But now
and then my guide, Ludvig, who seemed to
move straight as the flight of a mountain
bird to his own eerie, brought me to the
very peaks of the dividing heights.
To the north the country sloped across
Galicia along the great Polish plain into
Bussian Poland. Winter still held all this
land of terror and famine in its steely grasp.
Only in Galicia, and especially in some of
the sheltered southern valleys beside the
Carpathians, were tbe greens and gladness
of spring beginning to be manifest To the
south another clime indeed another world.
Hungary, land of wine and dance and song,
encircled by its mighty wreath of moun
tain?, and, visible as far as Buda-Pesth, lay
spread before our gaze a disk ot throbbing
green and bloom.
That night we came to Lndvig's people.
The reunion was touching and jovful. Be
tween 200 and 400 souls comprised this one
mountain side band. Phere are 100,000
folk of the same sort in the Tatra range.
They are all shepherds, principally goat
herds, and the number of animals they care
for must reach millions: For about four
months of the winter they retire to such
towns as Niedzwiec, Jablonka, Neumarkt,
Thurdorin, Dunajec, Mdgura, Bepisko and
Kriwan although many remain in their
huts upon the mountains profiting by wood
craft in trapping and snaring animals and
birds so filling up and overcrowding the
villages that they become winter cities.
Grand Phyilqnes Without Alcohol.
They call themselves Podhalians. Their
language is a mixture or dialect of tb an
cient Magyar and the Germanic tongue.
Their food is simply oats, either boiled into
a thick porridge or made into a thin bread
of oatmeal and salt, baked before the coaN
like the Scotch "bannock,"goat-milkwhey,
the wild mountain fruits and such small
game as they can secure in the mountain
forests. They neither have nor wish any
other. Unlike the Galician peasant, who is
a slave to brandy, and the Hungarian
peasant, who loves and can secure good and
cheap wine, they drink no liquor of any
sort whatever, and are huge in frame, hand
some in face and physique, robust and
powerful, and live to an extraordinary old
age.
The band which I visited was a fair ex
ample of them all. It had just come upon
the southern slopes of the mountains from
the valleys with its herds, but its members
had already built a mountain village of 30
huts. These were of tree limbs, bark and
leaves, large and comfortable, but all open
ing to the souths All the band, including
women, weredressed'in the untanned skins
of the goat, with hood? and sandals of the
same material. They do not remain long in
these sylvan huts, but, as the summer ad
vances, leave tnem, never to return to tne
same structures, for the higher grazing
lands, where new homes are built with
each change of location. Each band really
comprises one immense family, patriarchal
in system, and, as nearly as I could judge,
to a'great extent communal in regard to
their little gainings. By nature they are
full of sentiment, and are rude poets and
"artists of no mean quality. The mountain
giens around them constantly re-echo their
wild and endless vocal melodies, and tne
exnltant notes of the cziganok and the
splendid enthusiasm of their movements
thrill one when on an evening they engage
in the czardas, as only these strong-legged
mountaineers can whirl and leap in this
weird Hungarian national dance. They are
Arcadians pure and simple; simple, good
and pure. Edgab L. Wakeuak".
REDUCEDIN WEIGHT
TO OrlB HUNDBED AND TWENTX-NINE
FOUNDS
By Catarrh in the Head.
BEGAIHS
"WEIGHT, HEALTH AITD
HAPPINESS.
The Pe-ru-na Drug Manufacturing Corn
pan r received the following letter, dated
April 1, 1892. The letter is given as a fair
sample of many hundred received every
week. Anyone doubting its genuineness
can write to the address below given and
convince themselves:
"Gentlemen Beceived your letter of
March 23, 1891, also your pamphlet on treat
ment of catarrh. I am thankful to be able
to tell vou that I am well, and am heavier
than I have been for 15 years, for which I
give Pe-ru-na the whole praise. I believe
Pe-ru-na saved my life, for when I began to
take it I only weighed 129 pounds, and now
I.weighl68." My friends are all surprised,
and remark how'fat I am. I think the Pe-ru-na
is worth its weight in gold. I only
took six bottles of it, and will never be
without it again. I wish vou all good luck.
"H. C Tatlok, Champion, Ark."
A pamphlet of 32 closely printed pages
(no pictures or foolish jokes), giving cause,
symptoms and cure of catarrh, acute and
chronic, la grippe, consumption, coughs,
colds, bronchitis, pharyngitis, sore throat,
catarrhal dyspepsia, catarrabal deafness,
catarrhal sore eyes, etc., sent tree to any
address by The Pe-ru-na Drug Manufactur
ing Company, of Columbus, 0.
19
CARRIED -ON A WATE.
A Steamer That Stands High and
Dry Two Miles from the Coast.
THE Y0LCAKI0 CRASH OP 1883.
Bniows Washed the Lighthouse Top 130
Feet From ea LeveL
FOETT THOUSAND LI7IS WERE LOST
iwnrrrEr ron the disfatcb.1
Tourists who visit Satavia, south of the
great land we know as the Orient, nowadays
are quite out of the fashion if they fail to
moke the passage through Sunda Strait, and
see all that is left of Krakatau, and the ves
tiges of the ruin wrought by the terrible
eruption of 1883. It they push up the Bay
of Lampong, on the Sumatra side of tho'
channel, they are likely to land on the low
shores occupied by the village of Telokh
Betong, and hire carts for a short jaunt into
the interior; and when they have gone
about two miles they will pause to take in
the curious scene presented in the picture)
accompanying this article; for here is seen
one of the most interesting results still visi
ble of the great wave of Krakatau.
There was just one man amid all that wild
scene of death and devastation who was not
overwhelmed in tbe common ruin. He
escaped, whilo 40,000 perished. He was
the lighthouse keeper who lived alone on
an isolated rock in the strait. It wa3 broad
daylight when Krakatau burst asunder, but
in a few moments the heavens were so
densely shrouded by dust, dirt and smoke
that the darkness of midnight covered all
the channel.
A Ughtbonss' Keeper's Zicape.
The guardian of the lighthouse was in the
lantern, 130 feet above the sea level. Here
he remained safe and sound in the midst of
MM
...I, i
i
yr. -1
1
y0$.
Two Miles From the CoitL
the terrible commotion. He felt the trem
bling of his lighthouse, but it was so dark
that Jie could not sec the threatened danger.
He did not know that a tremendous wave
had almost overwhelmed the lighthouse,
and that its crest had nearly touched tha
base of the lantern. He did not hear it be
cause he was deafened by the awful detona
tion ot Krakatau.
In a lew moment', however, the wave,
over 100 feet in height, had swept along a
totoTcoast line of nearly 100 miles on both
sides of the channel. Scores ofpopulons"
villages were buried deep beneath the aval
anche of water. Great groves of cocoanut
palms were leveled to the ground. Pro
montories were carried away. New bays
were dug out of the yielding littoral. Every
work ot human hand?, except tnat light
house, was destroyed, and 40,000 persons
perished in the deluge that mounted from
the sea or beneath the rain of mud that
filled the heavens.
Fate of a Pleasure Steamer.
The picture shows a little side-wheel
steamboat that was borne on the top of that
wave throueh forests and jungle, over two
miles into the country, and was left as the
wave receded in the position here shown. It
will be remembered that for weeks before
the final cataclysm at Krakatau, the volcano
was in a state of eruption. Pleasure parties
were made up at Batavia to visit the vol
cano. Not a few people landed on the isl
and, little dreaming that in the twinkling
of an eye two-thirJ3 of it was to be blown
into the air as though shot from a gun. They
wished to get as near as they thought they
might safely venture to the growling,
steaming crater.
This littie steamboat, on the day before
the explosion, carried one of the parties to
the island. There were only 20 on board
besides the crew. They spent a couple of
hours around the island, and then steamed
up the deep and narrow bay of Lampong,
and it is supposed they anchored for the
night in front of the big town of Telokh
Betong, which was one of the largest settle
ments on the south coast of Sumatra.
Only Two Bodies In tho Coat
The ill-fated pleasure party was never
heard of again. It is supposed that the
boat was turned over and over like an egg
shell in the surf. It had every appearaneo
of such rough usae when it woslound some
months later. The machinery and furniture
were badly broken, and were strewn about'
in the greatest confusion. But the vessel
held together, and was finally set down in
good shape, erect on her keel, as she is seen
in the picture which was made from a draw
ing by Mr. Korthals, a member of the Dutch
Scientific party that was sent out to study
the effect of the Krakatau ernption.
Only two bodies were found in the vessel.
They .were, of course, below deck. As it
was morning when she was picked up by
the wave, it is supposed that nearly every
body was on shore. Not a vestige remains
of the villages that lined the water edge.
But the hulk of this little boat still stands,
battered and broken, though as erect as when
she plowed the channel, nnd she is the most
curious and interesting relic of the greatest
volcanic eruption of modern times.
Cyeds C. Adams.
i
WORKS WHILE YOU SLEEP.
cures pain
where others
fail.
Worth taking trouble to get
SOLO Br DRUGGISTS EVERYWHERE
I CURE FITS!
TOiea I S17 core I do not mean ineiclr to stop tana
for a tims sad then haTC tiiea retnra again. Imaanft
radical ears. I hiTS pade tea djuasa of FITS. EPI
LEPST or FALLC'Q SICKSESS a ufs-lons itndy. X
warrant nu remedy to euro ths worst cases. Becaos
otneis hare faCad Is no reason for not now nostras
can. Bond at once for a treatise and a FreoBoUIaot
ajjafallibleremad. GlTMSipraa and Port Offlce.
-. G. BOOT, M. C.,183 Pearl St., N.TS
i. -. 11 w
1 AMW l-ir'r
-OrWm$F)
vr .izT -LLj-i Fesr
i3 f o fX w 3-wm
7-r-
W00D's
31 Penetrating 1
PIASTER
9
&&!... j. AaJt.iH
IrWafg-iTi tfffri-i-Tnrrl mij
sum r