rjHm'JmM
j&)Z
tp - wt-t?jfw:tii- 7?137p9?f1sgw5
- V i
v
4 , THE ' PlTTSBTJKGr DISPATCH, WEDNESDAY, MARCH 23, ' 1894
MjeBigpfrlj.
ESTABLISHED FEBBUART, 8, 1MB
Vol. 47. No. 45. Entered it ritUbiirgPostofficc
A'OTember, 1SS7, as second-class matter.
Business Office Corner Smithfield
and Diamond Streets.
News Rooms and Publishing House
78 and 80 Diamond Street, in
New Dispatch Building.
EASTERN ADTEHTISrNr; OFFICE. BOOM Til.
TRIBUNE BUIT.niXO. NEW YORK, where com
plete flies ofTHE DISPATCn can always be found.
Foreign advertisers appreciate the convenience.
Home adi erttwrt and friends orTHE DISPATCH.
hlle In New Yorlv, are also made welcome.
THE DrSPATCirisrtBvlarlii on inr Brcntano'i,
1 Cni&n Sqvarr, yew York, and 27 Jve de VOpera.
Parit, firmer, vhrre anyone ft0 lMn disap
pointed at a hotfl news stand can obtain ft.
TEEMS OF THE DISPATCH.
rosTAGE ftiee in the totted states.
run.T DirATCir. One Tear. f 8 00
Paili Dispatch. Per Quarter I CO
Daily Di'-fatch, OneMontli 70
Daily DisrATCU. including Sunday, lycar.. 10 CO
Daily DisrATcn, including Sunday. SnTtln. 250
Daily Dispatch, including Sunday, 1 m'tlu 90
M'npay Dispatch. One Year 5 50
V eeklt Dispatch. One Year 125
The Dailt Dispatch Is delivered by carriers at
II cents per week, or, including Sunday Edition, at
tt cents per week.
rrrTSBURn. Wednesday, march a.
TWELVE PAGES
i-hess on to independence.
All interested in Pittsburg coal indus
tries are to be heartily congratulated on
the concessions in rates made at the meet
ing of railroad officials here yesterday.
The value of the reduction obtained is
clearly indicated by the expressions of
grief uttered by those competitors against
vhom our miners have been handicapped
for so long. Better still, it was demon
strated by the orders promptly given for
Pittsburg coal, and best of all by the
statement of one Hocking Valley shipper
that this city would be the gainer to the
extent of 150,000 tons a year from him
personally.
In this season of rejoicing let not the
lessons of the past and the instability of
the present be forgotten. Our miners
have had experience enough to show the
evil of being dependent on the sense of
fairness of railroad officials. They have
no guaranty for a perpetuation of present
advantages.
The lesson is obvious and should be
thoroughly learnt and its teachings put
into practice. Render yourselves inde
pendent of the railroads by pushing the
proposal for a ship canal to connect Pitts
burg and Erie. Combined efforts on the
part of those whose greatest interests are
involved would lead to an early commence
ment of this work of necessity.
SENTIMENT GONE ASTRAT.
The epidemic of returning battle flags
captured in past victories to those who
were defeated recently proceeded to the
degree of proposing to return to Mexico
the flags captured from her troops by the
forces of the United States nearly half a
century ago. It is calculated to bring
pain to the hearts of those who imagined
that in this demonstration of sentimental
ism lay the way to a universal era of good
feeling when they learn to one class of
Mexican sentiment at least the proposition
appears to be anything but satisfactory.
Ve learn that the effect of the sugges
tion on an esteemed Mexican cotemporary
whom we quote at second or third hand
is to create the belief that the United
States wishes to call attention to the fact
that we have captured flags to give back.
It provokes in the Mexican mind a suspi
cion that the proposition leads to mak
ing a decided parade over the trophies
of a series of humiliating defeats adminis
tered to Mexico so long ago that the effect
of this amatory proceeding is to revive
their recollection in the minds of the pres
ent generation. As that recollection car
ries with it the fact that as a result of that
war the United States took from Mexico a
territory big enough to form an empire, the
editor, vho is of the belligerent stripe,
lashes himelf into the wrathful proposi
tion that Mexico will not have the flags
that way, but in her good time take back
the flags and Texas with them.
All of which is chiefly instructive as
showing that the excess of ostentatious
scntimentalism in the pacific way may be
as exasperating as the ostentation of sen
timent in the charitable line. It is cer
tainly worth considering that slopping
over in the line of giving back what are
really the mementoes of the bravery of
our own soldiers in the past, and earnest
effort to avoid and rectify international
disputes in the present and future, will
give the best promise of the coming of the
age of peace.
EUROPE'S ANNUAL TV AH TALK.
The annual movement of troops on the
Russ'an frontiers is the subject of a re
viral of the war rumors that have been
intermittent ever since the settlement of
the Russo-Turkish conflict. Russian
army corps in great numbers are concen
trated in Russian Poland. Austria makes
a counter movement on her side of the
line. The Czar formally advises the
Kaiser of the strict integrity of his inten
tions. The Hapsburg Government diplo
matically affects to believe the assurances,
but evinces by its action the most pro
found distrust; and the war correspond
ents enjoy the usufruct of material for
columns of impending belligerence.
All of this would be terrifying if its
frequent renetition had not made it
amusing. This parading of the war
cloud's grim front has gone in Europe
nearly ever- year since Bulgaria was, and
yet the military powers have not come to
blows. The unvarying resort to this
method of scaring the people of Europe
as nurses scare their children, into obedi
ence, permits the inference that the states
men of Europe have not yet devised any
more efficacious means of inducing the
taxpaying class to yield up their means
cheerfully to support the vast military es
tablishments than to impress them with
the constant imminence of war.
Yet it will not do to be too confident in
relegating this revival of the intermittent
war scare to the list of familiar bugbears.
It may at last be impressed upon imperial
policies that this is the year for killing.
Russia may have the idea that one relief
for famine will be to transfer the military
part of her population to less destitute
countries. That is not a sure cure for
famine; but it might prove a good deal
better one than any which the Russian
bureaucracy is likely to put into operation..
Germany, Austria and Russia may all
have the idea that this is the best way to
detract popular attention from the agita
tion of socialism and anarchism, which is a
very poor way of meeting the demand for
more popular systems of government; but
it is the best that the imperial policy can
do, short of resigning its power.
Ail of which tends to the conclusion
that it is best to wait and see which way
things will turn. The United States is
fortunately able to view the European
situation from the outside. If the powers
make up their minds to fight, after these
many years of grimaces at each other, the
United States will be happy to supply
them with provisions and material at good,
prices. If the continuance of the policy
leads the people of Europe to eventually
conclude that they can get along without
military empires, the people of this coun
try will extend to them a more active
sympathy than to any quarrel of the
present powers.
THE LESSEK EVIL.
In choosing to support Cleveland the
local Democrats did the best "thing, under
all circumstances. Since no protectionist
leader has come forward as a Democratic
candidate for the Presidency, the party is
reduced to a choice of evils. The anti
tariff policy of both Cleveland and his
Democratic rivals renders them totally
unacceptable to the interests of Pennsyl
vania, and indeed of the country at large.
"With the former the policy is the result of
mistaken principle, with the latter it is a
mere matter of vote-catching1 expediency.
Cleveland has a reputation for integrity of
purpose, and a record of high aims and
purity during his administration, while
his most dangerous competitor Is on all
sides regarded as the embodiment of ma
chine politics devoted to personal ambi
tion. Moreover, Cleveland has frankly
and courageously expressed his opposi
tion to the free-silver coinage craze in strong
contrast to Hill's action in evading the
question in an effort to trim his sails to the
popular breeze.
Although Cleveland's anti-tariff procliv
ities are the result of sincere conviction,
they are so vastly mistaken as to utterly
preclude his return to the White House.
He made these convictions the issue in the
election of 1888. He staked his all thereon
and he achieved defeat A repetition of the
defeat is certain to follow arenewal of the
fight on the same issue. But, 'even in de
feat, it Is better for a party to be led by a
man of character, and the Allegheny
County Democrats have chosen the lesser
evil in preferring such an one to a self
centered machine politician.
CHILE FACTIONAL POLITICS.
The political complications in Chile in
dicate that the difficulty of satisfying a
political faction whose desires always ex
ceed the ability of government to satisfy
it is not confined to any especial nation
ality, or to any particular form of govern
ment When President Monttwas inaugurated,
his policy was Indicated by the formation
of a cabinet in which representation
was given to all the parties that had united
against Balmaceda. This course was de
cidedly induced by the fact that Montt
was unanimously elected by the united
vote of all these parties. But the coali
tion Cabinet did not prove as lasting as the
imaginary one whose history is recorded
in Anthony Trollope's "Prime Minister,"
the duration and results of which It may
be remembered were eminently unsatis
factory to its leader.
Indeed, the Chilean coalition did not se
cure three months of existence. The Con
servative party which being in a minority
in Congress had more than its share of
representation was dissatisfied. Wanting
still more and failing to get it, it proceeded
to embarrass the ministry until resignation
was made imperative. In this juncture
President Montt wisely concluded to aban
don his plan of trying to please everybody
and obtaining pledges of united support
from the Liberal majority appointed a
Liberal ministry. This was done, and the
Conservatives, finding that their factional
disturbance had reacted upon- themselves,
are now trying to coax away Liberals
enough from the majority to compel a sec
ond resignation.
This sort of factional opposition does
not look very promising; but there are one
or two features that are hopeful. In the
first place, it is shown that the executive
in Chile wisely keeps clear of dictatorial
efforts to compel the support of the Legis
lative branch, but puts the responsibility
on the majority in Congress. That course
leads to a government by party organiza
tion, and the recognition of that method
will eventually, if not immediately, give
the best guarantee of permanence to the
government which is in the majority.
MUNICIPAL EXPENDITURE.
It is a matter of interest in completing
the comparison of city expenditures in
Pittsburg and other cities, to note the rate
of expenditure per capita In SGme of the
important cities abroad. A recently pub
lished table shows that the annual ex
penditure per capita in London is fll 93;
In Manchester It is $16 14; in Birmingham
it is $14 10; in Vienna $18 70, and In Paris,
where the city government undertakes
functions not common to other cities, the
expenditure reaches the large average
of 526 14.
All these European towns are notable
for their improvements and progress. In
most of them their pavements, lighting
and police systems arefarsuperior to ours.
Yet m all of them, with the single excep
tion of Paris, the cost per capita of these
high municipal results are from 20 to 45
per cent less than the per capita expendi
ture of Pittsburg. It takes the political
system of Tammany to reach a per capita
expenditure which much exceeds that of
Pittsburg under the last appropriation or
dinance. We are not disposed to use any very
strong language in inquiring why the
municipal affairs of Pittsburg cannot be
administered as economically as those of
London or Birmingham. Anything in the
line of denunciation is unnecessary for the
simple reason that when the people make
up their minds to have it done, it will be
done.
From the evidence in the Murphy hear
ing, it transpires that public moneys were
used by the "front office" force without any
system of bookkeeping. In a methodless
"Kitty" fund sort of way. This Is entirely In
keeping with the laxity of the eondnct of
public affairs, not only in Allegheny, but in
many places. It Is considered unnecessary
that the affairs of cities or nations should be
carried on with the scrupulous business
like principles which alone Insure the suc
cess of private enterprise. Until voters In
sist that their united interests shall be
managed as are their individual under
takings, they may expeot to pay the penalty
of inefficiency and wastefulness.
The State Treasurer is so pleated with
the condition of his finances that he hopes
to secure free education before long. He
would do well to advocate State aid for road
making and improvements. Good roads are
as necessary to civilization as good school
ing is.
Pittsburg coal operators naturally try
to secure the best rate possible from the
railroads. But our greatest Industries will
never be on a thoroughly satisfactory basis
until a canal to Erie becomes an ac
complished fact. Were efforts made to push
this necessity in proportion to those put
forth to secure greater railroad facilities,
the result would speedily become evident in
the commencement of the work.
When arbitration has decided that the
seizures of poaching vessels la within our
rights, Canada will me the procrastinating
policy -which allowed her seamen to make
expensive preparations for confiscation.
There is one aspect ot the silver ques
tion which Is full of hope for the country.
Partisan organs aro expressing opinions on
the matter with a vigor which shows that,
as important questions arise, the dormant
ability of strong "independent thought oat
side of party lines can be galvanized Into
thorough wakefulness. This Is a good sign,
for the strength of a nation lies in the
though tfuln ess of its individuals.
Expert architects are to investigate the
ventilation of both halls of Congress. It is
a pity that expert statesmen are not ap
pointed to Improve the ventilation of mat
ters cf national Importance.
CniNA was made to admit civilized
Westerners by force of arms. Those nations
excluding Chinamen cannot consistently
thrust their members Into the Celestial Em
pire if they receive Information that they
are not wanted. It all depends on the point of
view. To the Chinese Government mission
aries are as much a source of disturbance
and inconvenience as cheap Mongolian labor
Is tons.
As well look for a solution of oil in
water as a real dissolution of the Standard
Trust by its re-arrangement in an effort to
evade the letter of the law.
Chicago 'is evidently sparing no effort
to make all the delegates to the Democratic
Convention feel thoroughly at home. Tam
many's representatives will feel the congen
iality of their surroundings In the City ot
Wind greatly Increased by the Council
manic boodling scandals now under investi
gation. Tills action on Chicago's part is
considerate, and shows a truly hospitable
spirit.
SnrcE we are convinced that an unbiased
arbitration will establish the rights we claim
in Bering Sea, wo have nothing to lose from
suppressing the poachers.
"In all my travels over the State I can
safely say 1 have not found more than six
people who manage and treat their employes
properly." This is the sweeping indictment
made by State Factory Inspector Watohorn.
It Is a matter for serious public considera
tion, for the existence of proper relations
between employer and employe is vital to
the common welfare.
When a tfoman reaches the age of 102,
and has eighty-nine direct descendants liv
ing, her death should not add greatly to the
ill odor of the grip.
Not long ago it was asserted that H. M.
Stanley would be a candidate for a seat in
Parliament. It Is now said he Is to return to
Africa and stay there a long time In the in
terest of the Kongo Free State. The latter
course Is the wiser; a candidacy might lead
to some embarrassing questions during the
contest, and afterward if successful.
Now that a discussion of the Bland bill
has been reached, as little time as possible
should be wasted in obtaining a vote on the
measure.
Abmies maintained by European powers
for the preservation of peace are a constant
menance of war. Russian maneuvers
around the Polish frontiers may or may not
mean preparations for war. But the anxiety
they create Is a forcible illustration or the
profound security enjoyed under such ruin
ously wasteful armaments.
Though theHouse rang with silver yes
terday, the sonnd of base metal was dls
cernable in the Bland counterfeit arguments.
A proposal is made that the corrupt
Aldermen'of Chicago should be exhibited at
the World's Fair. They might be or Interest
to foreign visitors, but they would attract
little attention from Chicagoans. They are
hardly rare enough to bo regarded as curi
osities, though they might serve to typify a
profitable industry.
Many impeachments of the weather have
been brought, but injury to the peach crop
is for once not a cause of complaint.
In the trial of lynchers at Darlington,
Wis., the Jury lias returned a verdict that
the defendants composing the mob were all
insane and therefore not guilty. Temporary
Insanity Of this kind would "be best cured
and prevented by a dose of fine-and prison
treatment.
.HIGH ON THE LADDER,
Prince Bismarck is recovering from
the sudden illness with whioh he was at
tacked recently.
General O. O. Howard will deliver a
lecture oefore the Christian Association in
the City of Mexico.
Wade Hampton was a millionaire or
very nearly one before the war, but of late
years fortune lias frowned on him.
Major A. C. Towne, Vice President of
Army of the Tennessee, has been lying at
death's door In hi residence near Chicago,
from an abscess in his lelt lung.
Mrs. Frances Hodgson Burnett
shows that she has not been spoiled by resi
dence abroad by declaring that she is de
termined to give her son an American free
school education.
Congressman Tom L. Johnson, of
Cleveland, is a rare bird Indeed among men
of wealth. In being an enthusiastic disciple
of Henry George while possessing a fortune
of nearly a million.
Elizabeth Strong, the young Ameri
can artist whose pictures were hung in a
prominent place in the last Paris Salon, is a
girl from California who has made her own
way in the art woild.
Miss Laura Clay, the daughter of Cas-
uus uay, oi nentucjiy, is said to have a
clearness or insight into political affairs
which would render her a valuable mem
ber of her party were she a man.
Jerry Simpson's tailor and barber have
together made a new man of the sockless
Statesman. He dresses nowadays with an
elegance of attire that would doubtless sur
prise his old friends at Medicine Lodge.
Springer's condition it improved and
his family and friends are more hopeful.
He grew worse during Monday night and
his friends who feared that the attack of
erysipelas might take a highly dangerous
shape were considerably alarmed.
SIR. Allison, of Iowa, is said to be an
ideal Senator studious, polite, stately, pop
ular and immensely useful to the Senate as
well as to his constituents. As for his per
sonal appearance, he is described as "well
fed, well groomed, sleek and smooth."
A rOBTUHB TO TBS XXOBO BACI
Left by k Deceased Clergyman to Educate
Missionaries for Africa.
Pbtladxlt-bia, March 22.-Tbe will pro
bated to-day of Rev. Epamlnondas J. Pierce,
of Monmouth, X. J., leave an estate of $200,
000, to Lincoln University, of Oxford, Ches
ter county. Pa., for the purpose of educat
ing colored young men for the ministry,
and, In case no sufficient number of colored
young men shall offer for such ministry,
then the institution shall apply the fund to
the payment of the expenses of educating
and maintaining white young men, who
wish to become missionaries to Africa under
the direction, of the American Board of
Commissioners of Foreign Missions.
Mr. Pierce's property consists chiefly of
real estate In this city, and he directs that
it be held ten years before being aold and
applied to the purpose mentioned. The tes
tator was for many years engaged In mis
sionary work In Africa.
Quick to Learn Wicked Wars.
Chicago Tribune.
Gross election' frauds are reported from
Honolulu. The Sandwich Islander Is quick
to learn and readily adopt almost any cus
tom of civilization, even to the extent of
getting caught at it.
William Bit a Changeable Hind,
Chicago News. 3 ,
,It would appear that Emperor William
changes his mind regularly before every
meal.
AFFAIRS OF STATE.
Senator Tnrpie Rises to a Personal Explana
tion and Scores Judge Woods The Sen
ate Increases the Mississippi Blver Ap
propriationLord Salisbury's r Unsatis
factory Reply.
"Washington, D. G, March 22. Mr.
Turpie, rising to a personal explanation,
sent to the clerk's desk and had read the
newspaper report of an Interview with
Judge Woods, of Indianapolis, in which
Judge Woods spoke of Mr. Turpie, In his op
position to his confirmation, as playing the
part of a hypocrite, he iMr. Turpie) baring
always conducted himself toward him as a
personal friend, and having congratulated
him on the Suprome Court decision In the
"tally shoot" case.
Mr. Turpie said that he had seen that Inter
view only yesterday. It was a misstatement
of the relations between himself and Judge
Woods. He had never had any personal or
social relations with Judge Woods. He had
never called npon him socially or personal
ly. He had never called upon him formally,
but always at his chambers in the .Federal
building 'in the course of business in his
court. There had never been the slightest
personal difficulty between etbem or the
least personal intimaoy. HiP attitude to
ward Judge Woods had alwaVs been that of
guarded courtesy, of due deference and
oivilitv, of pronounced neutrality and
of distinct and decided Indifference.
The fact that he had always treated
District Judge Woods with the utmost pro
fessional kindness, courtesy and decorum
was no reason why he should have sup,
ported the Judge's unfonnded pretensions
to promotion or failed to denounce his offi
cial malfeasance, if opportunity offered
therefor. As to that part of the article re
lating to the Coy case, he (Mr. Turpie) did
have a casual conversation with Judge
Woods, being at his chamber on other sub
jects. He had not congratulated Judge
Woods on "his" ruling or construction in
that case. He had congratulated him on
our" construction of the statute, which had
been upheld by the Supreme Court of the
"United States. He (Mr. Turpie) had made
the first construction of the statute in the
Cov case In two arguments, and it was his
construction which Judge Woods had fol
lowed. The Judge had- even borrowed his
(Mr. Turple's) language and made it part of
his opinion. After that opinion had been
confirmed by the Supreme Court Judge
Woods bad abandoned this construction for
another.
Millions for Mississippi Improvements.
The bill to improve the navigation and
to afford ease and safety to the trade and
commerce of the Mississippi river and to
prevent destructive floods was then taken
up ns a special order. The committee
amendments reducing the total appropria
tion from $16,000,000 to' $15,000,000; reducing
the annual expenditure under the bill from
$3,333,000 to $2,030,000; reducing the amount
fixed for that paitof the river from the
month of the Illinois to the mouth of the Ohio
from $6,000,000 'to $5,000,000: and the annual
expenditure there from $2,000,000 to $1,000,000
were all agreed to. Afterwaid, on motion
of Mr. Allison, the total appropriation was
increased from $15,000,000 to $13,750,000. Qn
motion of Mr. Morgan the words "for the
gencial improvement of the river and for
the building of levees" were struck out.
An amendment was agreed to assigning
$3,750,000 of the total amount to the improve
ment of the river between the mouth of the
Illinois and St, Paul, Minn., of which not
more than $750,000 shall be expended dur
ing any one year. An amendment by Mr.
Morgan to insert the words "of the navi
gation of the Mississippi river" was also
agreed to.
The bill was then passed yeas. 48: nays, 5
(Messrs. Call, Kyle, Perkins, Pugh and
Vance). It appropriates $18,750,000 for the im-
firovement of the Mississippi river; whereof
10,000,000 is to be expended under the direc
tion of the Secretary of War, in accordance
with the plans of the Mississippi River Com
mission, from the head of the passes to the
mouth of the Ohio; $3,750,000 from the mouth
of the Illinois river to St. Paul, Minn., and
$5,000,000 from the month of the Ohio to the
mouth or the Illinois. Not more than $2,000,
000 a vcar is to be expended on the first part,
$750,000 on the second part, and $1,000,000 on
the third part.
Dodging the Columbia River Rapids.
The next bill taken up as a special order
was the one Introduced by Mr. Dolph appro
priating $1,745,816 for the purpose of secur
ing the early completion of the canal and
for the locks at the cascades of the Colum
bia river. It was passed without anv dis
cussion yeas, 46: navs, 4 (Messrs. Berry,
Kf Ie, Pugh and Vance).
The next bill taken up as a special order
was the one Introduced by Mr. Mitchell ap
propriating $2,860,356 for the construction of
a boat railwav and of the necessary marine
apparatus and appliances at the Dalles and
Ceiilo Falls and Ten-Mile rapids on the Co
lumbia river, and in the improvement of
Three-Mile rapids. It was also passed with
out discussion 38 to 8 (Messrs. Berry, Blodg
ett. Coke, Daniel, Morgan, Perkins, Pugh
and Vance).
The entire session of the Cabinet to-day
was consumed In a consideration of the
Bering Sea question. Lord Salisbury's reply
to Mr. Wharton's note of the 8th inst., in
sisting upon a renewal of the modus Vivendi
for the present season, was read and formed
the basis of the discussion. The utmost
reticence Is maintained by the members of
the Cabinet as to the contents of Lord Salis
bury's note: yet there is reason to believe
that is unsatisfactory to this Government.
The position announced in Mr. Wharton's
note of the bth Inst, is not, in the opinion of
the President or of the Cabinet, successfully
controverted. Lord Salisbury's reply as to
the main point is said to be indecisive, and
although he contends Against the renewal,
he does not commit himself so tar as to de
cline to give his assent to it. There is
also reason to believe that Lord Salis
bury suggests as a condition prece
dent to any modus Vivendi that might
be established between the two
Governments, that the United States should
obligate itself to indemnify Canadian vessel
ownlra for any losses sustained by them in
the event that it Is decided bv the Commls
sioners of Arbitration that the United
States has no right to prevent pelagic seal
ing. It is said that a reply Is now belpg pre
pared in which the Government will in no
sense recede from its former position, but.
on the contrary, will stand firmly by It.
LorrJ Salisbury's note was received by cable,
and was not of great length.
It is possible that the silver question
may detain for a short time the sub-committee
of the House, which intends to visit
Chicago and investigate the World's Fair
expenditures. Unless filibustering tactics
be resorted to on the silver question, the
sub-committee win. leave nere rriaay on
the Limited Express for Chicago, Out Chair
man Doekery, of the sub-committee, feels
that If filibustering be Indulged In It will bo
necessary for him to remain In Washington
and vote until the matter Is settled.
Representative Parrett, of Indiana,
to-day Introduced in the House a bill pro
viding for the appointment of an Ohio River
Commission of five persons to consider plans
for the improvement of the river from Pitts
burg to Cairo. ,.
REPRESENTATIVE BUTTER, of Iowa, to
day reported to the House from the Commu
tes on Invalid Pensions a bill granting a
pension of $12 per month to women who
served in the war as army nurses. The
benefits conferred by the bill are to apply
only to such nurses as are without adequate
means of support than their own dally labor.
Captain Henry Ebben, Commandant
of the Navy Yard, New York, and Captain
Richard W. Meadeof the World's Columbian
Exposition Commission, were examined for
promotion at the Navy Department to-day.
The first named will be promoted to the
grade of commodore on the 22d prox, on
which date BeaT Admiral Kimberly will be
S laced on the retired list, and Commodore
amesA. Greer will be promoted to the
grade of Bear Admiral. Captain Meade will
be promoted to the grade of Commodore,
May 5, on the retirement of Commodore
William P. McCann, President of the Ex
amining Board.
PUTTIHO CHECKS OK SPOETSMEN.
Canadian Bill Propose to Limit Catches
of Fish and Length of Seasons.
Tobokto, Okt., March 22. Bills looking to
the preservation of fish and to the protec
tion of game and fur-bearing animals bave
been Introduced by members of the Pro
vincial Gbvernment. The first bill pro
vides that tourists shall not catch more than
one dozen bass or more than 30 speckled
trout or 15 pounds of speckled trout In a day.
The second bill provides for a close season
for game generally from September 15 to
December 15, and for deer from October 15 to
November 15. Hunting with dogs is to be
allowed only in the latter half of that period.
The number to be killed during the seaeon
will be limited.
A Little Boom for a Cent,
Minneapolis Tribune.
Objector Holman's Presldental boom Is a
little one for a cent.
BEBHHABDT AS LEAH.
The Flay Lugubrious and Over-Long, but
lllnmlnated by the Great Artist.
Either "Leah, the Forsaken," in a foreign
tongue, is not palatable to ourpeople, or the
melting weather kept them away from the
Alvin Theater, for Sara Bernhardt pre
sented that drama last night to a very select
audience. The play Is not the most cheer
ful or exciting in the world, in either lan
guage, but it seems to be a trifle more lugu
brious and tedious In the Frenoh of the ac
complished actor M. Albert Darmont,than
wo have found It In English.
The dismal tone of the piece was deepened
by the prefatory delays. It was rumored
around the theater that lime. Bernhardt
was ill, and "when the clock's bands had
reached 8:30, and still the curtain had not ris
en, it lookedas If Pittsburg was about to meet
the same fate as Minneapolis. But happily
these fears were dissipated, for after the or
chestrahad played three or four overtures
the curtain ascended. Leah onlv appears at
the close of act L, but Bemhardt's imperso
nation of the poor Jewish girl was so admir
ably pathetic that the audience forgot
the talky prelude and gave her n
hearty recall when the curtain
fell. At the end of each
of the five acts thereafter she
received from three to five recalls, so that
the andience may be said to have made up
in enthusiastic appreciation what it lacked
in numbers. Bernhardt more than on Mon
day night carried the play. When she was
not on tbo stago It was dark and doleful to a
degree. Her chief triumnhs were in acts II.
and I1L In the former her passionate love
maKing wun Jiuaoipn, in wnose arms sne was
lockea for the space ot ten minutes, was won
derfully pretty is well aa fervent. Jfo loss
true to nature was her distracted grief
when the cowardly Nathan had slain her
father; and some actresses wu know, who
think sorrow cannot be shown upon the
stage without staccato shrieks and whirl
winds of sobs, would have-been astonished
to see the effectiveness of Bernhardt's sub
dued emotion, marked with hardly more
than a heaving bosom and cries low enough
to be called sighs. It was a beautiful study
of real grief, and evoked tremendous ap
plause. This was the greatest artistic effort
of the evening, though In the stronir dra
matic episodes In the descent from the cli
max the great actress shone, of course. Mr.
Darmont as Nathan confirmed the good im
pression he made as Searpta, but suffered
from the length of the soliloquies and con
versations which fell to his share. The
other actors made a reasonably good back
ground. The scenery was rather effective, espe
cially in Act II., which was done in semi
darkness, the stone cross scanty and inter
mittently lit by moonbeams, among the
trees and brush of a common, making a good
frame for a lover's tryst. The thunder in
Act III. was realistic, and the audience en-
Joyed it as something that bad not to be
transiateu to ue unaerstooo. uniy tne nnai
and would-be terrific thunder-clap, as the
bolt strikes Abraham' hut, revealed its the
atrical origin rather plainly. To-night
"Fedora" will be given, and to a very large
audience, no doubt. The sale of seats for
the rest of the week is large, Friday's house
being practlcallv sold.
Owing to the demand for seats for "Cleo
patra," Mr. Abbey has chosen that play for
the final porlormance on Saturday evening.
PBACHCAL ECONOMICS.
The Results of Forty-Seven Years of Exper
iments in Co-Operation.
Age of Steel.
'We live in an age of world makers, and
every orb turned out of the factory can be
run with little expense and no worry. They
are without trouble or sinners, and are re
markable for their innocence of paupers,
police and millionaires. Thev have a spe
cial fascination for minds susceptible to
color and flctton.but are correspondingly un
popular with men who aie accessible to
facts but too practical for any investment
of cash or faith in visions based on brain
disease or stomachic disorders. Everybody
knows that something is out of gear in our
industrial machinery, and most of us are
snre it will always be needing repair, with
a -position, if possible, to make matters as
light as wo can. In this direction we have
an example of genuine success, and of so
tangible a nature that its permanence as an
ameliatory factor in Industrial conditions is
positively assured. The principle Involved
is that of co-operation, in which the intei
estsof all concerned are mutual and judi
cial. The following facts and figures are cor
roborative of its vitality and essential prin
ciples: At the annual congress of co-operators
held, in Glasgow the following statis
tics were officially announced: At the close
of the year 1839 there were 1,515 societies in
existence, with 1,054,968 members. Ther
capital amounted to $13,675,819; their sales
for the year were $210,127,030. with net profits.
Alter paving interest and capital totaliz
ing at $18,877,320, the investments in working
Class joint siucjc companies utive a total
capital of from $45,000 000 to $50,000,000. In ed
ucational work, $150,000,000 per annum Is ex
pended; $55,000 a year is granted for charita
ble purposes, and $25,000 annually contrib
uted to tDo uo-operative union, wnicn is an
organization for propagandist, educational
and defensive purposes. These figures
speak for themselves, and as the result of
but 47 years' experiment, are conclusive as
to the success and public indorsement of co
operation. It needs but a wider knowledge
of this economic system to ensure its wider
application and extend its widest benefits.
In this it distinctly differs from the social
istic Isms that however tastily decorated,
are derelict In vital principles, and as pain
fully shortcoming in practical results.
VENEZUELA'S BEVOLUTIOiY.
Revolution is still the order of the day in
South America. Boston Traveler.
Venezuela having had her regular semi
annual revolution it is now time for Guate
mala to have a revolt or two. Chicago Mail.
The other republics of South America
should get together and hold little Venezu-
ela aown whll sne has her spring attack ol
liUUT ui3iuua.-wi(u(yv .itw.
Venezuela Is the storm center just now in
South America. At this distance it looks as
if the revolt against Andueza were Justified
by the President's high-handed course. If
so, speedy success to the revolutionists.
Boston Globe.
The condition of affairs in Venezuela is
such as to warrant the belief that the pnscnt
hostile officials will soon be overthrown.
Their successors 'will undoubtedly be more
conciliatory, and even the Palacio adminis
tration may be driven to adopt a more def
erential policy toward this country. There
is, of course, no sense in beating one's head
against a stone wall, but Senor Perezawas
too easily discouraged. Philadelphia Inquirer.
LIGHT LITTLE LAUGHS.
"Deo you like to go to Sunday school?"
asked Uncle George of little Tommy.
"Yes; an' deysang about two funny little chil
dren." "Who were they?"
'CherryBlmand SaryFimm." Puck,
'Tis one of life's perplexities i
Conspicuous 'mongst many
That he who buys umbrellas 1
The one who hasn' t any.
Washington Star,
Enthusiastic Foreigner (on hearing
Paderewskl) Mon Dieu I that man is a musician an
bout des oogles. .
Matter-of-fact American Then he must play like
the old scratch. Harper's Bazar.
Newspaper reporter (to president of
company) -Has your company tacen any steps to
pay its taxes?
President Why, certainly, sir. We have made
two protests against the constitutionality of the
aw. Xbxu Bilnw'' '
The winds were kissing the roses
With many a fragrant sigh;
The Western clouds were blushing
And kissing the bending sky;
The earth was kissing the shadows.
And you truly may infer.
As my darling was beside me
That I was kissing her.
Xew Tort Herald,
Mb. "Worrier Do you think, Alvira,
dear, that you have as much love and respect for
me as you bad for your first husband?
Mrs. Worrier Well not quite, my love. You
see, your predecessor, my dear, departed Jonas,
was fully a head taller than you are, and naturally
I had to look up to him more than I do to you.
Boston Courier.
Grateful Guest I am obliged to yon,
Mrs, McGlnnls, for giving me exactly the half
cup of coffee I asked for. You are the flrst woman
I ever saw whose 'half-cup' didn't overflow into
the saucer.
Amiable Hostess 1 need to keep a boarding
house, Mr. Byiei. Chicago Tribune.
A MAN'S deeds oft live after him
But when he has gone under,
' The heirs whose heritage Is slim
1 Soon rend his will asunder.
Eojnertet NtW9
THE TWENTY-SEVENTH DAY
In Lent Was So Quiet That Yon Could Hear
the People Doing Nothing A Pew In
teresting Stories of People, Places and
Things.
An important sale of pictures this week
at Mr. Avery's rooms. In New Yors, Is inter
esting some few Fittsburgers, who will prob
ably make It their business to be present.
Mr. John W. Beatty, the artist, gossiped in
terestingly about two of the artists, ex
amples of whoso works will doubtless be the
feature of the sale. Of Boldlnl It might be
noteworthy to mention that he is not repre
sented in a collection In Pittsburg to-day,
though his paintings are very valuable, and
he himself occupies an enviable place in the
French school of artists. Mr. Beatty had his
attention particularly drawn to Boldlnl's
worth by a painting which Mr. Avery more
than two years ago bad on exhibition from
the collection of Mr. Walters, of Baltimore.
So much did it impress the artist that he in
sisted upon a Pittsburg friend paying the
gallery a visit for the purpose of buying the
Boldlnl. But the gentleman deferred his
call too long, and the Boldlnl passedinto tho
hands ot a Youngstown man. At Mr. Avery's
sale, on Thursday, there will be exhibited a
Fortuny that is said to be a fine example of
the artist's genius. Since that same artist
has been a ghost for more than 20 years, It is
more than likely that a pretty penny will be
required to purchase his picture.
Great people theatrically are usually so
well cloaked in vanit?- that the storms of
criticism, pro and con.rarely get near enough
to make them shiver. Sometimes, however,
they aro forced "to see themselves as others
see them," as in the case of Miss Pauline
Hall, who dropped into a Pittsburg shop
some time ago and asked if she could obtain
one of "Mis Hall's photographs."
"Pauline's?" chirped the young woman be
hind the counter, looking, as young women
behind the counter have a fashion of doing,
away Into the distance.
"1 es," responded Miss Hall, "Miss Pauline
Hall's photo."
"We can give you lots of them for 35 cents
apiece," rejoined tho young woman.
"What!" gasped the astonished actress.
"Only S5 cents for Miss Hall's picture!"
Then the young woman recognized her
customer and realized that here had been
an occasion where "soaking" a customer
would have been an all-round Judiclousfact,
upon which neither Church nor State would
bave frowned.
It was into this same shop that Mrs.
Madge Kendal, glass In eye, and Englisn ac
cent on the very tip of her tongue, perambu
lated one day. After gazing at everyone In
general, sho addressed the same hydra
headed individual as follows: "1 want to
get some trifle Just a trifle, don't you know,
as a sort of a memento, but I don't see any
thing here, and I'm afraid you haven't got
Just the trifle I want"
"Well, madame, iryou take the trouble to
look around you may see something that
will suit. We have a pretty large place, and
trifles' here that range In price from 5
cents to $1,000."
"But I don't see anything," said Mrs. Ken
dal. In a tone that Indicated a disappoint
ment that the trifles in the store had not
walked up to her and announced their value
immediately. "Dear me," she continued,
"what funny shops these are, wheie you
can't get anvthlng. Not at all like our shops
at home." Then Mrs. Kendal stalked out
"trifleles."
The next day she saw a placqne in the
window of the -ame place. It would suit
her ladyship. She went in and described it.
"I want one of those things those butter
plate things in the window," said the queen
of the Enzltsh comedy stage." What do you
call them?"
Placques, ahe was informed.
"Fancy," she said, "they paint on these
things and call them placques." Then she
discovered that the butter plates were not
what she thought them to be. and she shook
the dust or the Pittsburg store off her fe6t
for good.
From a dinner held a year ago among
those directly connepted with the Pittsburg
division of the Pennsylvania Hallway there
has sprung up the "Veteran Employes' " or
ganization, which will celebrate Its exist
ence by another dinner on April 12. The
membership includes the employes of the
road from a superintendent down to a
worker on the track who has come of age in
the service. The present officers are Mr.
Kobert Pltcairn, President: Mr. K. W. Tnr
ney. Vice President; Mr. John Aldred, Sec
retarv and Treasnrer, and this committee:
Mr. Thomas E. Watt, Chairman, Messrs. J.
K. Russell, Edward Pitcairn, D. M. Watt and
J. G. Stewart. The object of this associa
tion, according to the circular, is to pro
mote social intercourse, foster fraternal
feeling and keep a record and history of the
veterans of the Pittsburg division of the
Pennsylvania Railway. It has not yet been
decided where the dinner will be held, the
Hotel Duquesne, the Mononzahela House
and the Kenmawr being variously men
tioned, with the balance of favor tonard the
last.
A tale of woe about a tail which
brought its owncr much woe is told. A
woman was hurrying to keep an engoge
ment, and in flying through the front door
she slammed it. and imprisoned her ampli
tude of skirt train. She tried to reach the
bell but couldn't. There was no use calling
for help the servants were too far away.
Not a soul was in sight, and a broken en
gagement yawned in sight. Suddenly the
lady's mind revolved round the fact that a
skirt was an adjustable affair and remova
ble. She would lump out, ring the bell, and
jump In again. Horrors, when the dress was
removed there would be no skirts between
the eyes of the outsldo world and her tights!
Some man would be sure to see; for no man
was ever known to miss a pair of tights
within anything- like a reasonable distance
away. But she had to do It, and sneaking
around the half-closed storm doors the
young Woman grabbed the bell and pulled.
Then she Jumped back into hersklrt, and by
the time John arrived there was a demure
looking mistress for blm to rolleve of her
predicament. At the flrst moment of leis
ure a bundle of dresses was packed off to
the dressmaker, and my lady now wears
petticoats and short skirts to her dresses.
"With an open watch on one side, and
a cup of coffee on the other, Mr. Homer
Moore was at the ame moment last night
satisfying his appetite and timing himself
for the 7:15 train to New York. In spits or
his great haste, and ho bad only 20 minutes,
Mr. Moore found time to make a few charac
teristic remarks. "I wonder," said he, in a
gently ruminating manner, "why people
always come to one's rooms to have their
voices tried exactly at the luncheon hour.
I have never known it to fail. To save time
I have my midday meal served in my cham
bers, and rest and recuperate the inner gen
tleman during that hour. At flrst I was
food natured to the aspiring divas and used
o listen to them, while one eye was cast de
spairingly on my rapidly cooling dinner.
But L. found I was Immolating myself upon
an altar whence came no glory, I was lis
tening to all mariner of singing and starving
without a word of regret from mv visitors,
and I didn't think It paid. Now I dine and
rest behind locked doors, and wait upon
neither time nor tide." Here the coffee
came to an end, the watch said 7 o'clock, and
Air. Moore hastened to his train.
Prof. Stiffit, an elocutionist of some
note, gave a most enjoyable entertainment
in the Wilklnsbnrg Opera House last night,
consisting of a number of humorous mono
logues, which he delivered In costume. The
performance was novel and was frequently
applauded. Prof. Stiffey had the assistance
of the Misses Edna Smith, Daisy Hutchin
son and Lizzie Kennedy. The entertain
ment, which was under the auspices of the
Sunday school or the Wilklnsbnrg M. E.
Church, was well attended and a very large
sum was raised for the benefit of the build
ing fund for the new cnurcn eaince.
The last of the entertainments of the
Wilkmsburg public school course took place
last night in the Presbyterian Church when
Hev. DeWitt Miller lectured on the "Uses of
Ugliness" before a large and appreciative
audience. The proceeds of the series of en
tertainments will go toward replenishing
tho library of the public school that was de
stroyed by fire two years ago. Prof. Ander
son, the principal, expects to have the new
library far exceed the former one.
The public schools of Wllkinsburg are
arranging lor a public reception for May 27.
Mr. and Mrs. Homer Moore left last
night for New York. Mr.Moore will singln tho
role of High Priest at the flrst presentation
In America of Saint-Saens opera, ".Samson
and Delilah," Friday evening, by the Orato
rio Society.
Ma John W. Beatty will leave for New
York Thursday evening.
The Ohio Canal or Incalculable Benefit,
Chicago Tribune.
The project of a ship canal between Lake
Erie and the Ohio river has been revived.
In case of war with England such a canal
might he of Incalculable benefit, .
CURIOUS CONDENSATIONS.
Philadelphia has 7,000 fewer licensed
saloons than New York.
.Last week a trapper near Blaine, Neb.,
caught a beaver weighing nearly 100 pounds.
A cremated body leaves a residuum of
only eight ounces; all besides is restored to
the gaseous elements.
Some one has been-urging the intro
duction of black edged postage stamps for
the convenience of people in mourning.
In the United States the lamb's laurel
(Kalmla) Imparts an irritant property to the
honey in the region In which it grows plen
tifully, and in Australia the euphorbia
honey Is known to be decidedly dangerous.
From the time of Edward m. to that
of Charles I. beards wero universally worn.
In the reign of Charles IL the mustache and
side whiskers only were worn. Soon after
this the practice of shaving In some fashion
became general throughout Europe.
The cat figures largely in the ancient
comic groups of animal life. In a papyrus
in the British Museum a flock of geeso aro
being driven by a cat, and a herd of goats by
two wolves wi(h crooks and wallets. One of
the wolves Is playing a douDle pipe.
f In the Criminal Court of Dusseldorf a
man has been condemned to Ave years'
penal servitude for robbery and to death for
murder, in strict conformity with the letter
or the law. The legal bother now Is which
sentence should be carried out flrst.
The noses of the Moschans, a weak and
enervated tribein Africa, are often seen dis
figured by the excessive consumption of
snuff. The people sometimes cram tbelr
nostrils so full that tho mass has to be dug
out again with small iron or ivory spoons.
In England there are several elms 70
feet nigh and 30 feet In girth; oaks 80 feet
high and with trunks 40 feet In girth; and in
Scotland there is an ash 90 feet high and 19
feet in girth. But these are regarded as ex
traordinary, and grow in solitary grandeur.
It is a common belief at the present
time among the lower classes in South Ger
many that if children play soldiers very
often in the streets there Is a war coming,
and if they plav "funeral" an epidemic will
come over the land and many deaths will
result.
A horse will carry 250 pounds 25 miles
per day of eight hours. An average draft
horse will draw 1,600 pounds 23 miles per
day on a level road, weight of wagon in
cluded. The average-weight of a horse is
1,000 pounds, his strength is equivalent to
that of five men.
Dr. De Eoever, keeper of the archives
in Amsterdam, announces that he has found
a hitherto unrecognized Kembrandt, repre
senting the assembling of the Batavi under
their chief, Claudius Civlllia, Just before
their revolt against the .Romans about a
century before Christ.
A drawing on a tile in the New York
Museum represents a cat dressed as an
Egyptian lady of fashion. She is seated
languidly In a chair, sipping wine out of a
small bowl, and being fanned and offered
dainties by an abject looking torn cat, his
tail between Ins legs.
In both Scotland and Ireland the en
trance of a bee Into a cottage (more par
ticularly if it be a bumblebe) is looked upon
as a certain sign of the death of someone
then residing there. In other localities if
bees In swarming settle npon dead wood it
is regarded as equally ominous.
About the time that a Southern negro
was burned to death with potroleum. a
month ago, a young widow in Menin, in the
province of Bukowlna, suspected of having
oisoned her husband, was taken from her
edroom at night, bound hand and foot,
soaked in petroleum, set on Are and burned
to death.
The Oregonian states, that half a dozen
years ago there were more beaver skins re
ceived at Portland than coon skins. This
year the coons outnumber the beavers 10 to
1. and the number of skins of all kinds is
much less than ever before, except bear
sElns. The bears are increasing and the
number of hunters who kill them, is greater
than usual.
A certain cookery-book lately issued
will not be apt to De popular, because among
what It calls "Facetious Items" it gives tho
following: "If your wife faints, do not spoil
her dress by dashing a Jugof water over her.
Londlv kiss the back of your hand. She will
immediately reviveand want to know whom,
you are klsung. Do not tell her, and she will
not faint any more."
A curious incident connected with the
Servian army Is the manner in which most
of the regiments carry the big drum. It is
not, as in most other countries, slung in
front of the man who plays It, but Is placed
upon a small two-wheeled cart drawn by a
large dog, which has been so trained that it
keeps its place even through tho longest and
most tedious of marches.
In preparation for the next siege of
Paris the French War .Department has taken
steps toward the construction of an immense
establishment in the city for the preserva
tion of meat by freezing. Similar establish
ments on smaller scales will be attached to
the forts encircling the capital. The cold
air will be supplied to all from a central
station operated according to a new com
pressed air system.
There are 955 religious papers in the
United States, whose combined circulation
is about one-eighth of all the newspapers
published in the country. The Methodists
publish 117 papers, with a circulation of
650 000; the Roman Catholics, 127 papers, cir
culation 750,000; Baptists 126 papers, circula
tion 500,000; Presbvteriani 53. circulation
500 000: Protestant Episcopal 47, with a gen
eral circulation all over the country.
The name of "Porcelain Tower" was ap
plied to China's unique structure on account
of the fact that the whole ef the outside
work was covered with porcelain slabs of
various sizes and colors, but principally of
red. whlto, yellow and green. At every one
of Its nine stories the projecting roof of tbo
gallery was covered with green tiles, each
corner being provided with a bell, varying
in weight from 300 to 1,000 pounds.
The Enclish Kegistrar General's annual
report of births, deaths nnd marriages in
1S00 (isinod on tho last day of 1S01) show
that the birth rate In that year was 30 2 per
1C00 living, and was the lowest for 50 years.
So mr as can be ludied. moreover from the
flsmres at hand, 1891 will show no improve
ment in that respect. The death rato was
19.5 per 1,000, higher than In the preceding
three years, but still comparatively low.
The Irish hero, Fingal, had the felicity
to be under his own thumb, that member
serving him as a danger signal, aching in a
peculiar way whenever trouble Impended,
when he had only to put It Into his mouth to
become lmmedlatelylnstructedhow to over
come the diffloultv of the hour. So, by the
pricking of her thumbs telling her "some
thing wicked this way comes," did the weird
sister know of Macbeth's approach before
her ears canght his footfall.
Many watches make five beats per sec
ond. 300 each minute, 18,000 every hour, or
432,000 per day. Thus it will be seen that half
a dozen turns of the key once a day, taking
npbut a few seconds of time, stores up at
modicnm of power in the spring which is cut
up into nearly 1,000,000 of beats. If we
multlplv the dally beats bvS65Vf, the number
of days In a year, wo find that the watch
ticks 157,788,000 times while the earth IS
making one annual trip around the sun.
The most merciful way of destroyinj
cats is to chloroform them. Draw a socfc
(knitted ono preferred, as being elastic)
over pussy's head so that the toe of the sock
la hwwiffti t.n Tnv fenari ft-r nearlV SOt then
ponrabont half a teaspoonful of chloroform
on tne sock close 10 nor noao. """
soon as she has become frightened by the
unusual smell of chloroform she goes quietly
off to sleep: a little more chloroform U
added perhaps twice and pussy never,
wakes again. -
Frogs' eggs are laid before they really
are eggs in the true sense of tho word. They
are always laid under water, and when de
posited are covered with a sort of thin mem
brane, as an envelope, so as to occupy bnt
little space. As soon as tney reaoh the;
water, however, they begin to aosorb the,
fluid very rapidly, and in a short time the,
eggs are contained In the center of a Jelly
like envelope, like a number or globules.
They are kept apart from each other by rea
son of their acquired rotundity, and thus es--cape
injuring one another.
Sunday-schools are probably as old as.
Christianity. Eusebius says that the Apostle
John regularly taught the Scriptares and
the doctrine of the church to young men.
and children on the Sabbath day. It is
quite likely that, to a limited extent at
least, Sunday instruction or the children
and youth was kept up through the Middle
Ages; but the greatest Impulse given the.
Sunday school was by the famous Cardinal
Borromeo, who. In Milan in 1580, organlsedS
a system of Sunday instruction and JBS
numerous schools in operation.
mk
msmtmmtt
r ,rfl--.isAlrfirTilrH 1 - r-, a-j Tl-f. A,stlr. - - Hfegfc- ,. - . ..,,