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THE PITTSBTJEG DISPATCH, WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 25, 1891.
(JUL. MOORE'S APPEAL.
The Attorney Grows Eloquent in His
Defense of, Gerade.
BOTH SIDES OF THE CASE HEARD.
TLo Plea of Insanity Hade Strong for the
Alleged Murderer.
OTHER INTERESTING CODET NEWS
The second trial of Frank Gerade for
murder was almost concluded yesterday,
the court's charge being the only remaining
feature so far as the court itself is con
cerned. The counsel for the defense con
tinued their effort to. the last to establish
Gerade's insanity. It required all of the
forenoon to take the testimony of three ex
pert physicians who had examined the de
fendant. These were Dre. MeCord, "Wylie
and Chesrown, the latter the jail physician.
Dr. McCord had only made the prison
one visit and thought him insane. Dr.
"VVylic had made several visits and found
him suffering from acute dimentia. He
considered from the reports he had received
from the jail officials of the man's condition
when he was received that he had" been in
sane when lie committed the crime. Dr.
Wylie as put nnder n rather severe cross
examination by Mr. Burleigh, during
which he admitted that Gerade was also in a
Acrj lnd physical condition and that this
fact might produce vacuity, or dullness of
tacial expression, depression of spirits and
consequent immobility of countenance,
such a had been attributed to Gerade.
Dr. Chessrown testified as to the con-
uition of the prisoner when he was admitted
to the jail. It was developed during the
morning that Gerade had been drinking
borne prior to the murder.
Atldresiing the Jury.
At 2:30 o'clock SI. 11. Stevenson began to
address the jury for the prosecution. He
began by discussing the plea of insanity set
up in the cae and said that the jury was
not to consider the conduct of the defendant
before or since the crime, but they must
consider what it was on the night of the
killing. He discussed the motives of the
man i:i taking a butcher knife to bed with
him, claiming that Gerade had evidently
rcmeditatcd the killing of some
one, more presumably his wife,
but, as the latter had escaped,
lie vented his spite by blowing out the
brains of his step-child. He described the
conduct of Gerade during nnd after the
killing, his rcistance when arrestedand ar
gued that his was not the acts of an insane
individual. ,
J. Charles Dicken spoke next for the de-f-n"!B.
He disputed the argument of the
"former speaker by denjiug that there was
onv evidenoe showing that the dcicndaut
was on unfr:endjy terms with his wife. He
claimed that it was only an infer
ence that Gerade had killed the
child. Xo witness had testified to
having seen him commit the act.
He then rewewed the testimony of the
Commouwealth,ciaiming that there was not
a word produced showing the sanity of the
defendant. He then took up the testimony
of the defense, which, he claimed, showed
from beginning to end that Gerade was of
unsound mind when the act was committed.
Colonel W. D. Sloore spoke next, making
what was conceded by many to bo the mas
ter speech of his life m cases of this kind.
Supposing Gerade to be guilty of the kill
ing of his step-child, Colonel Sloore took
up the question of insanity as a
dclense. He said the Supreme Court
had
decided that this defense must be
determined by the weight of the testi
mony; the number and character of the wit
nesses examined for either side. His
graphic description of the arrest of the man
in his cellar, seated upon a box with a
lighted lamp by his side, with a knile in
one hand and a fork in the other in the act
of cutting victuals for his own consump
tion, seemed to impress the jury with tlie
idea that therj were grounds for suspicion
us to the condition of Gerade. Taking up
the evidence of the defense which he said
had been gien by the friends, relatives and
neighbors of the defendant, Colonel Sloore
taid there was not a single word denying
the fact th3t Gerade had treated his step
child and cared for her as his own: and
every one of the witnesses testified that
they had discovered a sudden change in the
defendant's conduct; to the surprise of his
friends and acquaintances, to the grief and
distraction of his brother and other rela
tives. And this was all before the killing.
Tnere was no feigning insanity, for there
was no motive for"snch action.
As to the charge that Gerade was of in
temperate habits, Colonel Sloore said the
oerwhelming testimony was that the de
fendant Mas just like many Germans, and
many i ho are not Germans, and indeed
quite a few who are lawyers; he took a drink
ohce in a while, but did not drink to excess.
He next described the manner in which the
physicians had watched Gerade in jail and
had determined upon his condition.
An Earnest Appeal.
Closing, Colonel Sloore said: "It is in
all cates the most solemn and awful re
sponsibility laid upon man to take away
what only God can give, the life of a fellow
mortal. If this was an ordinary case, if the
aCt had been committed by ons proven to
be rational, it would still be the
most awful duty, one which I
do not onvy, devolving upon man.
But vi hen by a mass of testimony, mount
ain high, met by a rebuttal so trivial as to
be pitiable, the defendant has been shown
to be hopelessly insane, then to doom this
man to death, to send a maniac from court
to the scaffold, is to revolt eery feeling of
the human hrart. to outrage conscience and
to trample human reason under foot It is
to commit judicial murder. If you twelve
intelligent and honorable men shall so de
termine then we can only submit to the fate
appointed and silently appeal to the pity,
the justice and judgment of an all-knowing
and all-righteous God."
District Attorney Burleigh closed the ar
gument for the Commonwealth. He began
bv saving: "I don't believe in throwing a
lot of" superfluous matter into the jury box
aoout me awiui responsmiiity oi a jury in
cacs of this kind. .Of course your duty is
a responsible one. So is the duty of any
jury in the most ordinary civil suit You
are to bring in a verdict according to the
facts and the Court will do the rest The
Commonwealth does not ask vou to bring in
an unjust verdict and the defenve should
not ask you to render a verdict modified by
t-ympath'y or manufactured defense."
Sir. Burleigh then related the duty of the
counsel for the defease in order to establish
a case on a plea of insanity, and then said
tnere were two important facts in the case
that proved Gerade sane; first, that he knew
enough to" resist arrest, and, second, that he
was sharp enough not to tell anything about
his crime. A third fact that establishes the
man's guilt was that he had told a friend
two days before the crime that he was about
to get into trouble, and asked him if he
would be a friend to him. He then read the
law fixing the duty ot the defense, and then
reviewed the testimony and closed by ask
ing for a verdict convicting the defendant of
some one of the charges.
The court then adjourned until 9.30 o'clock
this morning, when Jndge JEwing will de
liver his charge to the jnry.
A Foreign 'Attachment Issued.
D. Lutz & Son yesterday issued a writ of
foreign attachment against the property in
Allegheny county of George Crawford, a
resident of New York State. No statement
of the case was filed, but bail in the sum of
5100,000 is required. The property attached
consists of two lots on Eighth street, near
Penn avenue, 210 acres in Bichland town
ship, sad a tract of land in O'fiara town
ship. A Kon-Salt Entered.
A non-suit was entered
itered airainst ihe
.Suit of Ell J?
plaintiffs yesterday in
Daley and her three children against
Slurphy & Hamilton and Edward Kellv.
The case was for damages for Sirs. Daley's
husband, Thomas Daley, the letter carrier,
who was fatally hurt by a fall into a cellar
being dug by the defendants, during a
quarrel.
Wirat to Dias-lve Partnership.
A bill in equity was filed yesterday by
Samuel Leek against W. J. Slead, William
Dixon and Thomas Dixon. Leek states
that he and the defendants entered into
partnership as the Yough Slachine and
Bicycle "Works, doing business at McKees
port. Iieek was to manage the business
and carry it on and contract debts in his
own name. The assets now amount to
about 54,200 and the net profits are about 20
per cent. The defendants, however, he
charges, have taken from him th?.booksand
papers, prevented him from carrying on the
business, repudiate the agreement and want
to dissolve partnership, all to squeeze him
out of the concern. He therefore asks for
an accounting and the appointment of a
receiver to sell the property and divide the
proceeds.
Commissioners In Divorce Cases.
It. L. Lewis was appointed commissioner
in the divorce case of Slargaretta Huber v
Henry Huber. J. Feltwell was appointed
in the case of Kstella J. Eohinson vs F. C.
Robinson. H. L. Chri'tv in the case of
Sadie Kciflein vs Louis Keiflein, and J. K.
P. Duff in the case of Lucy Holler vs 0. B.
Holler.
Want Damages for Alleged False Arrest.
Julius and Slary Wagner yesterday en
tered suit airainst John Kampisk for 51,000
damages, for alleged false arrest. It is
stated that Kampisk on November 3,
charged them before Slavor Wyman with
the larceny of $180. They were given a
hearing, but were discharged.
Tho Jury Failed to Agree.
Judge Kennedy yesterday discharged the
jury in the case of John O'Neill and wife
against J. Davtes and Hugh Daly. They
were out all night, and failing to agree,
were discharged. The suit was an action to
recoteran alleged balance due for goods
sold on a landlord's warrant
Jnry Out in a Railway Case.
The jury is out in the suit of Samuel Bow
man against the Central Traction Company.
The case is ac ac'-on for damages for In
juries caused by a car starting too soon as
Bowman was getting off it and throwing
ing him to the ground.
The Arjrnmet List Kext TVeelt.
The argument list will be taken up in the
Criminal Court next week. All -appealed
cases will b disposed of, Judge Ewing
Etatej, whether the parties interested are
present or not
To-das Trlat Lists.
Common Pleas No. 1 O'Brien vs Burgess:
Clay vs Carroll-Porter Boiler Company; Neal
vs Riddle, Dp.in & Co.; Austin vs Gullet &
Co.; Neal vs Hill & Co.; Trin vs Monterverde
etal.
Common Pleas No. 3 Hnckel vs Pittsburg
and Lake Kne Ballrnad Company; Malone
vs Plttsbnrg and Lake Erie RailroRd Com
pany: McCluskey vs Cullers; Wilke vs Wind;
Wilke et ux vs Wind; Ituch vs Pittsburg
Traction Company.
Criminal Court Commonwealth vs August
Depp, W. M. Depp. William Nolden (3),
unanes ivyier iz), nimam ju. uraig, iienry
Weber, Henry Wyant, Edward Lautner.
Bits or Legal News.
Sebastian WAosKn, or Baldwin township,
was sent three months to the workhonse for
selling liquor without a license.
Jacob Kksjjccket was convicted of as
sault and battery on Leo Kunklo, of the
Thirty-flrst ward. He was sentenced three
months to the workhouse.
The suit of Jam): Shannonhtn airainst
Park Bros, & Co. for damages for Injuries
caused by som - metal falling on him, is on
trial before J udge Sto we.
The Jury is out in the suit of John Stnbbe
and wife against John Kelson and B. F.
Lawn, executor, to recover for coal alleged
to have been takon from the plaintiffs' land.
The suit of William Smith against the
Keystone Land Company for, damages for
injury to a stable caused by a wall built by
the defendants sliding against it, is on trial
before Judge Collier.
John Dallas yesterday entered suit
against A. II. Knit for $5,000 damages for
alleged malicious prosecution. On Septem
ber It Krut sued him before Alderman Kerr
forUie larceny of two wagons. He was held
for court, tried and acquitted.
A. Brown was sentenced seven months to
the workhouse for selling liquor without a
license. It was the second time Brown was
convicted ot this offense. He was convicted
some time ago, when he was steward of the
Washington Irving Society, of Mt. Washing
ton. CALIFORNIA,
The Country or Delightful Winters.
California is the most attractive and de
lightful section of the United States, if not
of the world, and its many b:autiful resorts
will be crowded with the bst families oi
the East during the entire winter. It offers
to the investor the best open opportunity
for safe and large returns from its fruit
lands. It offers the kindest climate in the
world to the feeble and debilitated; and it is
reached in the most comfortable manner
over the Atchison, Topcka and Santa Fe
Railroad. Pullman vestibule sleeping cars
leave Chicago by this line every day in the
year and go without change or "transfer
through to San Francisoo, Los Angeles and
San Diego. This is a feature not offered by
any other line. Write to Charles T. Apple
by, Traveling Passenger Agent, Boom 303,
Bank of Commerce Building, Pittsburg, Pa.,
if you desire any further information as to
the country and the accommodations for
reaching it
NOW IS THE TIME
To Day Tour Christmas Presents Before
the Great Crowds Throng the Stores.
Go into Hamilton's music store,
01 and 93 Fifth avenue,
And give your order for one of the many
musical novelties he has there to sell to
vou. Look at the partial list: First
Pianos and organs, of which he sells the
best, the celebrated Decker Bros., Knabe
and Fischer pianos, more of them sold and
in actual use than anr others. Then in the
small goods line, they are too numerous to
mention. You will have to go in and see
for yourself the wonderful number and
variety.
You can buy now, and the articles will be
carefully taken care of and delivered the
night before Christmas, or as you may
direct
B.&B.
Notice What few cloakings, dress goods,
etc, that were damaged during the storm
Slonday, by the smokestack blowing
down and the storm coming in through the
roof and ceiling, will be sold this forenoon
at sacrifice prices. Boqgs & Buhl.
Whooping Cough.
There is no danger from whooping cough
when Chamberlain's Cough Bemedv is
freely given. It keeps the cough loose and
makes expectoration easy. 50 cent bottles
for sale by druggists. -wsu
Portrait! forChrlsrmas Presents.
This month, a handsome 8x10 frame with
every doz. cabinet photos. Also genuine
crayons at special low prices.
Lies' Stodio, 10 and 12 Sixth it
MWSU
After Thanksgiving Dinner
Go to Javen's Elite Gallery, 51G Market at
Cabinets, $1 per doz.
Safe Deposit Vaults,
German National Bank, for papers, bonds
and other valuables. vr
,.""J ocaer cioiu, nannel-lined,
lfe"eDy?pL ? S5mCaV' hi 8tre
EUROPEAN HIGHWAYS.
Facts Gathered From Reports of Our
Consuls Across the Atlantic
ROADS TWENTY CENTURIES OLD.
Some of Them in Excellent Condition at the
Present Time.
THOROUGHFARES BUILT BI THE ROMANS
Away back in the musty past of the
world's history, in the days when Deborah,
a Hebrew priestess, the wife of Lapidoth,
who lived in the time Of the Judges, sang
her famous song, there were highways and
byways of which Pennsylvania might well
be proud if she possessed them to-day. She
sang of the highways that had been aban
doned by her people who were suffering
from the oppressive yoke ot the Canaanites,
and her language indicates that the road
ways in the neighborhood of Bethel and
Kamah and the plain of Esdraelon were
not mere turnpikes, but were finished to a
degree of perfection that placed them on an
equality with the best roads of to-day.
Looking still further back over the vista
of time, dimmed by the shadows of count
less ages, the ancient Egyptians are found
hauling immense blocks of stone with whioh
they bnilt their pyramids and other struc
tures. Could they have done this unless
they were possessed of solid roadbeds? It
would have been almost impossible to have
drawn these blocks over the roads of the
United States during the past summer and
yet history nowhere speaks of delay to the
pyramids through the intervention of a
rainy season. It is to be inferred from this
that even at this early date there' was a
people who understood the value of a road
bed upon which the ravages of the weather
had no effect
Paths of the Carthagenians.
Turning the lieht of inquiry upon Greece,
nuatiaiciGOlCUl XVUUU3 HI a UlgU DUIC Ul
perfection. The Carthagenians who pos
sessed the commercial instinct in'a high de
gree,recognizcd the importance of good
roads, and they are said to have invented a
pavement which withstood wear and tear
remarkably well.
Borne was intersected with paved roads
constructed with great care and at an enor
mous expense. The via Appia, the via
Aurelia and the via Flaminia were the first
great Boman roads and their names have
been brought down in history. When the
Pnnie war came a paved road" was construc
ted from Spain throueh Gaul to the AIds.
This was such a great success that Inside of
a short time similar roads were built in
every part of Spain, Gaul, Illyricum, Sla
cedonia, Thrace to Constantinople and
aiong tne Danube to the Black Sea.
The era of improvement was upon the
people everywhere, and acrosr the water
the islanders in Sardinia, Corsica, Sicily and
Great Britain followed the example set on
themainland. During the time of An
toninus Pius, tho Boman roads were sur
veyed and platted, together with six great
roads in Egypt Even in the south of Asia,
in India, road making was an art in early
davs. History again comes to the rescne
and tells of several .splendid thoroughfares
irom Agra to Lahore and from Lahore to
Cashmere.
Roads Built By the Incas.
In ancient Peru the Incas built great
roads, the remains of which still testify to
the care with which thev were constructed.
Humboldt in his "Aspects of Nature"
speaks of a paved road in the Andes. The
material used was well cut, dark porphyritio
stone. Prescott in speaking of the roads of
the Incas tells how they were cut through
solid rock and how they were built oyer
ravines ofhideous depth."
The length of this road, of which frag
ments still in good condition remain, was
somewhere in the neighborhood of 1.000
miles. "In some places where the ravines
have been filled with masonry, the mount
ain torrents, wearing on it for ages, have
eaten a way through the base, leaving the
superincumbent mass such is the cohesion
of the materials still spanning the depths
like an arch," says Prescott Is there a
road in the United States to-day that could
compare with that of the Incas?
It was not until the reign of Charles IL
that the. first turnpike road was established
by law in Britany. Up to that time goods
were carried by pack horses in Scotland,
and even so late as 1770 the journey from
Liverpool to Manchester was not a little
perilous on account of the condition of the
road.
In the United States the importance of
good roads from the frontier to the interior
were early recognized and some important
routes were opened by the general Govern
ment, but they do not compare with those
established within the last two centuries by
European Governments. The fact has been
demonstrated by a recent publication of the
State Department at Washington.of reports
of United States Consuls on the stress and
highways in their several districts.
Conclusion Indicated by the Reports.
A perusal of these reports leads the reader
to the conclusion that one can mount his
wagon at the English Channel and drive
throughout the breadthof Europe, except in
time of snow, without sinkingas deep as the
fellies qf his wheels in mud in anv weather
or at anv time of the year. The roads are
so firm that rain does not soften them; they
are so thick that froit does not break them
up. There are no sloughs to break through,
no periods when the factory and the farm
are cut off from the rest of the world by an
impassible sea of mud.
"Americans," says Consul Tanner, of
Liege, "who find themselves in Europe are
struck with astonishment at the enormous
loads drawn by horses and dogs here. One
glance of the eye from the bulk just men
tioned to the roads and half the wonder
would be accounted for, because the roads
have almost every thing to do with it We
are too apt to ignore that which we trample
under foot. The ancients knew and appre
ciated more the importance of good public
roads than we to-day, though at the present
time in Europe this is a subject of first im
portance." It would, indeed, be a strancR sivlif t
see, at this time of the year, two horses
start, in this vicinity, with a cart or wagon
weighing a, ton, having upon it a load
weighing two or more tons and arrive with
no breakage or friction at their destination.
The loss in breakdowns of vehicles, of
Dreaicage in harness, in time to
labor, in increased food, shortened
life and injuries to horses by the
bad roads in the United States "would
amount to an immense sum of money if
Einuswus cuum lw gmuerea ana lormu
lilted. Complaints of Doll and Bard Seasons.
There are numerous sections of the coun-.
try wnere, wnea tue larmers nave gathered
tlreir crops and when the business season
would naturally be good, when the farmer
does nothing but complain of dull business
and hard times. Thijis the case simply be
cause in most cases the roads are impassable,
the distribution of products is at a stand
still and returns from the year's labor can
not be obtained. Some of the American
country roads are actually marked with the
skeletons of horses that have been drowned
in the mud or some bridgeless stream, and
wrecks of .wagonB and other vehicles mark
the place of an accident to someone who
had the courage to venture out upon the
road.
' All this has an effect upon exactly the
class of immigrant that is wanted for the
United States. While they are willing to
trv a new country, they cannot be induced
to leave the place where they have good,
roaas, ana tue cuucequcuce is mat tne very
people desired are those who are not com
ing. In speaking of this subject Mr. Tan
ner says: "He (referring to the farmer
emigrant) generally posts himself pretty
thoroughly about a section before he goes
to it This is made easy by the numerous
emigrants who have preceded hiin, and he
is sure to have acquaintances in several
sections who give him information. I
have invariably been informed by them
that they would not go to a section where
the roads were impassable. This is their
only objection. They inform me that they
would gladly go to such sections, but that
they do not wish to be mud-bound or mud
blockaded for six months in the year. I
can say to such sections that they must
make good roads before they can induce -emigrants
to come among them. If it is econ
omy that restrains, it is a false economy;
every day that they allow their public roads
to remain in an impassable condition, their
streams to remain without bridges, they
ideal a direct and severe blow at their own
interests; the country wijl remain undevel
oped, its hidden treasures locked up."
Value of Good Roads to France.
Turning' from Belgium to France, it is
found that the road system has been of far
greater value to the country as a means
of raising the value of lands and
of putting the small peasant properties
in easy communication with their markets
than have the railways. It is the' opinion
of well-informed Frenchmen who have
made a practical study of economic prob
lems, that the superb roads of France have
been one of the most steady and potent con
tributions to the material development and
marvelous financial elasticity of the coun
try, xne tar reaching and splendidly main
tained road system has distinctly favored
the success of the small landed proprietors,
and in this prosperity lies the key to the
secret of the wonderful financial and solid
prosperity of the French nation.
For a century the French roads have com
pelled the respect and admiration of for
eigners, and of all the roads in the country
those considered the most excellent arc in
the most rugged districts of the French
Alps. Here as elsewhere the highways are
numerous, of easy grade, solidly built, al
ways open and good save when temporarily
blocked with snow. They are subjected to
the most changeful and violent forces of na
ture. Snow, frost, ice and furious glacial
torrents springing suddenly into existence
at unexpected points have sought in vain
for a decade to destroy them.
Great Arteries of Inland Commerce.
The finest roadways existing to-day in
France, the greater arteries of inland traffic
were built by the same hands that con
structed the Appian way. No greater build
ers of roads have left their mark on the an
nals of time; none have regarded them of
more vital import for the maintenance and
strengthening of the empire; no more forci
ble examples of topographical engineering
have been so indelibly presented to modern
generations as the great highways of the
Bomans.
In Germany the roads are mainly a
heritage from the century which immedi
ately preceded the introduction of railroads.
In those days the mails and the few travel
ers who jurneyedby public conveyance were
carried by post chaises; freight was trans
ported by great lumbering wagons, each
drawn by six horses and what was regarded
as not less important in that period of
prolonged and incessant warfare, broad,
smooth roads were necessary for the rapid
movement of the king's armies with their
supply trains and artillery. It reaulred
many vears after the introtuction of rail
roads to persuade the conservative officials
of the Government that the period of post
chaises was forever past, and that thence
forth their splendid system of macadamized
and graded highways must play a secondary
role. The building of turn-pikes began to
assume great proportions with the beginning
of the present century, the first half oi
which may be justly termed the classic age
of the construction of State roads.
Ancient Highways In Spain.
It is in Spain that the ancient highways
are still to lie seen in all their perfections.
'El Calzada del Diablo and El Calzadade
las Gigantes are known to all who have vis
ited the land ot the Alhombra. According
to St. Isidoro, the first paved roads of Spain
were built by the Carthagenians, and, the'
same writer is authority for the statement
that the Phoenicians opened the road across
the Pyrenees and the Alps many centuries
before the Christian era. The most ancient
road outside of Italy was in Spain, and led
from Cartagena to the Pyrenees, where it
connected with others that led across the
Alps to Borne. This roadfwas traveled by
the legions of Scipio the Less. Augustus
made the system of communication so com
plete that little else was left for his suc
cessors to do than to care for the roads
already constructed. Tbe most ambitious,
as regards road making, of Augustus' suc
cessors was Trajanus, and his example was
followed by Adrian, Lucius and others, but
afterward the removal of the Court to Byz
antine by Constantine caused'the abandon
ment of that most magnificent system of
highways that laced Borne to its most dis
tant provinces.
Some idea of the extent of these roads
can be gained byglanciog over the itinerary
orAntonlno Augnsto Caracalla. Accord
ing to this the following were the Boman
ltoadsot Spain:
Boad from Italy to Spain and Portugal
375 miles long; from Italy via Narbona, 669
miles; from Cardoba to Castulo, 89 miles;
from Cordoba to Castulo, 81 miles; from
Castulo to Malaga, 301 miles, and 30 others
varying in length from 80 to 400 miles, the
total being 6.92G miles.
Bow the Roads Were Constructed.
The .immensity of the work of construc
tion can be imagined from the following ac
count of Consul Turner, of Cadiz: "These
highways were pavements firmly and sim
ply leveled and of such solidity that rem
nants of those of the first class are still
found in a state of fair preservation in
various countries. They were generally
narrow, being from four to six meters in
width and constructed as follows: The road
bed was excavated and in it was first placed
a layer of stones. The stones of this
bottom layer were sometimes united
with mortar. Over it was placed a strata
of plaster made oi stone or brick pounded
with mortar. This was followed by another
of sand and lime, or sand and earthenware
clay, which, like its predecessor, was
pounded and leveled with great force. The
top was made of Irregular stones united
with cement The road formed a pro
nounced curve between strongly made
curbs, which at regular distances were ele
vated to serve as stiles for the mounting
and dismounting of horses."
It may safely be said, says Consul Catlin,
of Zurich, that in no country in the world
is the construction of roadways carried out
with more scientific skill and thoroughness
than in Switzerland. The mountainous
nature of the country, the conse
quent difficulty of providing means
of easy communication between points
located in comparative proximity to
each other and the severe tests to which
roads, even when once constructed, are sub
jected by the violence of storms and the
sudden swelling of water courses, have from
the earliest period rendered the sqbject of
road-building one ot primary importance to
the dwellers in the Alps.
Tributes to the Skill of tHe Romans.
It is a carious tribute to the skill and in
telligence of the Bomans, that in locating
their Alpine roads, they followed precisely
the same methods recognized by the road
builders of the present time as the best.
They seldom, and then only in case of need,
built a road far down on a mountain side;
they followed the sunny side of the mount
ains, accommodated themselves to the lay
of tne land, avoided great valley crossings,
thus diminishing the cost of the roads, and,
what was to them of the greatest import
ance, remarkably facilitating their main
tenance. Upon this plan they con
structed the St Bernard, Simplon,
Luckmanier, Bernardin, Spluegen, Sep
timer and Julier roads, all of them
well-known routes at the present day. For
nearly 2,000 years these roads served as the
means of international communication be
tween France and Germany on the one
hand and Italy on the other, inasmuch as
up to the eighteenth century no great
changes in or additions to them had been
made. But from the commencement of the
present century Switzerland has been mak
ing up for lost time. There are now 8,388
miles of tumpikeroad in the country, or
about three miles of road to every thousand
of population. With justice, Sir. Bavier
observes that "Switzerland's network of
highroads, extending even to her remotest
valleys, oonstitutes the pride and glory of
the land."
WEARY OF THE DELAY.
A Priest's Earnest Plea for the Con
demned Hungarians.
THE PARDON B0AKD ASKED TO ACT.
Their Pastor Insists the Alleged Eioters
Are Innocent
THE UNFORTUNATES DEVOTED TO PRAT ER
The Bev. Father Wider, pastor of the
Slavonic St Michael's Church, Braddock, ,
and spiritual advisor of Busnok, Sabol and
Toth, the Hungarians convicted of murder
in connection with the Braddock riots, is
growing restless with the Pardon Board's
delay in acting upon the cases. Speaking
of the prisoners and their imprisonment the
reverend gentleman said yesterday:
"Two months have already gone by since
the Pardon Board i eceived the papers urg
ing clemency in the case of the three
Slavonians, George Busnok, Slichael Sabol
and Andrew Toth, on whom the sentence of
death was passed. Everybody is anxiously
awaiting the final verdict in this case, but,
however great this anxiety may be.it cannot
possibly be compared with the awful sus
pense of the three persons whose lives are in
the hands of the Board of Pardons. Does
not the heart of the prisoners tremble every
time the doors of their cell are opened?
"To spend hours in teaching the most un
mannerly children, whose parents show a
laek of sense, to visit persons who are af
flicted with loathsome diseases, to comfort
the despaired, to save the souls of the
wicked, is the holy duty of a priest as soon
as he is ordained, and from this duty he
does not shrink. But to weekly visit and
comfort persons who are confined in cells
and unjustly sentenced to death is a hard
mission, and thus my duty is so much moVe
hard, because I, as pastor of the Slavonic
congregation of Braddock, am wholly
acquainted with the case, and also know
what the unfortunates Buffer. 'O God, only
52 years of age. I am not acquainted with
the ways of the world, know none of the
world's pleasures, and yet shall now end
my young life on the gallows, I did not
take part in the strike, and yet am unjustly
confined for 11 months. My property is
gone, my health undermined and I have no
rest, day or night How terrible the suffer
ing of my poor old mother must be, who
still resides in Europe. I only learned to
know Sabol and Toth in this prison.' Thus
wails young Busnok. 'On my conscience,
your reverence, I assure you that my
conscience and my hands are free of this
blood. I did not see Quinn, and therefore
could not have hit him. I only became ac
quainted with Busnok in this prison, and
yet an Irishman, H. Stewart, says that
Busnok held Quinn and that I hit him with
a shovel. If I were guilty of any crime I
would deserve imprisonment, but I am as
innocent of this crime as you are, your rev
erence. I only worked 17 dftys at Braddock
and now they want to hang me, although I
am innocent. God, in His righteous judg
ment, cannot permit that we should end our
lives on the gallows for a crime that we did
not commit and of which we are wholly in
nocent. These are the words of Sabot
Words of Flous Toth.
"Tour reverence, as innocent as you are,
because you were not in Braddock at the
time of the strike, just as innocent am L
You know, your reverence, that God has
decided in what manner man shall die. If
it is His will that I should end my life on
the gallows, then His will be done. We
have to bow to His wilL I trust to the in
tercession of the Holy Virgin Mary. We
three are accused of slaying Quinn. O my
God, belive me, your reverence, I never
saw Busnok or Sabol before as true as there
is a God in Heaven, whose servant you are.
I, an innocent man, will go to the gallows,
but my disgraceful death will open to me
the gates "to the Kingdom of Heaven."
These are the words of pious Toth.
"I was spiritual adviser in prisons in
Europe. Under my care was a man, who
decapitated his first wife, threw her head in
a well and literally tore his second wife to
pieces. The whole world is convinced that
this man should have ended his lire on the
scaffold, but he was only sentenced to prison
for life. This blood thirsty tiger hopes that
some day the doors of his cell will be open
and he go forth a free man. God only knows,
what I had to suffer with this man in his
cell. This is a fellow deserving a disgrace
ful death, but even death by strangulation
would be too good for him.
"An alibi in the case of unfortunate Bus
nok received no attention at all. The con
tradictory statements of three witnesses,
went further with the jury than the state
ments of a dozen 'Huns.' The jury's ver
dict is 'murder in the first degree.'
"Whom God loves He chasteneth, and
this is the reason of the imprisonment of
these men. Poor, pitiable countrymen,
your spiritual advser says: 'God will not
desert you.'
Alleged Injustice Done.
"As long as I live I will not. cease to
speak and to think of the great injustice
done under the roof of the building over
whose entrance the words 'Aodificium
Justitiae Sacrum' 'The House Devoted to
Justice' are placed. This inscription is in
this case the merest satire. Aud though
the whole world would sanction the out
rageous verdict of the jury in this case, and,
although all the world would be pleased
with it, yet I shall never cease, wherever I
come, tojpoint out the monstrous outrage
which my countrymen received at the hands
of an American conrt If God is willing
that one or the other of the prisoners should
be Hanged, then the doomed man is the
victim of unpardonable justice, a man
whose name should be enrolled on the list
on the martyroligium of the Boman Cath
olic Church, whose gallows will be converted
into an altar.
"But all three will go to the gallows.
Busnok's sentence was changed to one of
life-long imprisonment The report that
Toth's sentence was also changed was incor
rect But for God's sake why should these
poor creatures spend their lite, or even sev
eral years in imprisonment? On my character-as
a priest I repeat publicly what I
said upon oath: 'Busnok ought not to be
robbed of his liberty, and Sabol And Toth
have already suffered enough.' Is it not
terrible tbat'these innocent men are impris
oned since April last and that they have
visions of gallows constantly before their
eyes?"
Its Excellent Qualities
Commend to publio approval the California
liquid fruit remedy Syrup or Figs. It is
pleasing to tbe eye, nnd to the ta&te, and by
xently acting on the kidneys, liver and
bowels, it cleanses tho system effectually,
thereby pi omottng the health and comfort
of all who use it
, Dargalnilll
Yon ,can always secure them at the jew
elry house of Henry Terheyden, 530 Smith
field street, who has a very large stock of
diamonds, jewelry, watches and fancy
goods. ws
Portraits lor the Holidays
Order now. A handsome 8x10 frame with
every doz. cabinet photos. Also Crayons at
special low prices. Lies' Studio,
iiwsu 10 and 12 Sixth st
The Farmer' Deposit National Bank
Invite the pnDlic to call and examine their
new safe deposit vaults. Information con
cerning the renting of boxes and deposit of
valuables cheerfully given. irwr
Ladies' fine dongola button shoes at $2,
all styles, all widths, all sizes, at Sinien's,
78 Ohio street, Allegheny, Pa.
NEW ADVERTISEMENTS.
YOU ARE
When you mention
EISNER &
-
CLOTHING,
GENTS
MS AT 10,
In all colors, weights and styles, and what better could
anyone do ? We have what you want So come in
and get it. We wish to say right here that those nov
elty Tin Dinner Buckets that we are Giving Away to
purchasers in our Men's Suit Department are no snide
arrangement by any means but a jim dandy compan
ion for any workingman. They are worth considerable
to anyone desiring to keep a dinner nice and warm.
STOCK OF
AT $5.00, $8.00, $10.00, $12.00,
CIUEIf'5 f SUITS :' AND :: OVERCOATS
AT $3.00, $4.00, $5.00 TO $12.00,
Is also full and finely assorted, comprising all the fads
and fancies that make a little one, jump for joy when
he sees them. WE ARE STILL GIVING AWAY
with every $5.00 purchase in this department one of
those Ideal Dime Savings Banks, just the thing for the
little Tolks to save up money for Christmas, or the
Musical Bell Toy. s-: :-; :-: w :-r :-:
HATS, TOO I
Yes, sir; we sell hats of every grade ever made, from
the Dressy Plug to the Skull Cap. Come in, and let's
talk about the weather, and maybe then we'll get
together. :-: :-: :-: :-: :-: :-: :-: :-:
mn
. UNION CLOTHING HOUSE,
COB. FIFTH AVE.
5
s
T0IP
NO OTHCEIfc
Leaves a Dedicate and Lasting Odob
For sale 37 all Dtng and Fancy Goods Dealers or It
unable to procure this wonderful soap send
SSc In stamps and receive a cake by return mall.
JAS. S. KIRK & CO., Chicago.
SPECIAX-Shandnn BellsWaltz (tbe popular
Bocletr Waltz) sent FREE to anjon9 sending t
three wraDDers of Shandoa Bells Soap.
BUHlusPiedelicio
li Maiwnamade if in2C
WMiIl20J5plJfes,'
2
fNGLMKD
! Will Ml" I
mmz2
I'v
to-
THROUGH YOUR RAT
any other place than
DUN I ID
'S!
noie -
i
$12, $15 TO $25.
DUN I ID
'S,
AND WOOD ST.
no25-w
NOT
"Costly thy habit at
thy purse can buy."
Shakespeare.
It need not be If
vou buy your clothing
from the illSFIT CLOTHING PAELOES.
Hundreds of men iruom yon suppose are
n earing tho expensive apparel of the best of
tailors aro dressed in the garments pur
chased from our house.
S1fl TYl V)t Willbnyaflrst-classMerchant
P1U IV fM Tailor-made Overcoat that
was made up for $20 to ISO.
There's no difference in appearanoe, none
In flt( make or service dlnerence only in.
tho cost of that wnat you pay the first-class
merchant tailor.
$1fl Tfl ?9 Will buy a merchant tallor
P1U IU ijfaw mado suit that was orljinally
gotten up for (20 to $50.
And wo guarantee a perfect fit.
NQTE Will close on Thursday (Thank
glvlnjr Day) at 12 o'clock.
no3349
TftGRofHuunUDKie
I-KJUgS ZUKM A
Deltcioos. istrklii
ftDlMtizlnr. 8aldl
dealers. -f7.-XburUfaI
tictore Book sad etrda
ntto any one tdAnmhm
C,&xURE3COT"
re
OV 0
"
1-