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1.6
A REVIEW OF SPORTS
The Good Points, of the Appointment
of TV. H. McGnnnigle as the
Local Club's Manager.
ABOUT O'KEIL'S BESKfflMTOH.
A Tnr Features of the General Situation,
and About a New National
Agreement
TEE LATEST TALK OP J. L. SULLITA1T.
GoAlwutrrcuincnt Pugilists and Otter Brunches
fEreryDiyBport.
It la to be hoped that we are nearing the
end of meetings of local baseball directors.
Too masy meetings mean bad business and
that there ie something wrong. The affairs
of the local club have had an extremely zig
tag course first and last,and directors' meet
ings have weekly been the central pivot
toward which every eye of the local base
ball public has been turned. Within the
last few days there have been two very im
portant meetings of the lecal directors. At
one J. Palmer O'Xeil resigned the Presi
dency nd at the other W. H. McGnnnigle
was electsd manager ol the club for next year.
I am Indeed well pleased because of
Hz. jrcGunnigVs appointment, not only
because of his sterling abilities as a mana
ger, but because of the general wish, in
fact eagerness, of all the players to have
him ts a manager. There was a fear that
my friend, Ed Hanlon, would go if Mc
Gunnigle was manager. There ia nothing
tc be feared. Hanlon has a home
and knows what it is to leave it The direc
tors did, in my estimation, one of their best
acts when they unanimously elected Mr.
McGnnntglc to manage this team next year.
Let fi"jn manage it and hold him strictly re
sponsible lcr it. That will be fair to him,
the players and the public, and certainly a
N relief to cur worried directors.
2Ir Oeil's Resignation.
I want to say a few words about the
esigi-aticn of J. Palmer O'Js'eil from the
presilencycf the local club. Few people
have assa'ied 3Ir. O'Xeil more directly than
I have bicause of what I have at times
deemed his bad policy; but nobody regrets
more than I do the fact that Hr. O'Xeil has
stepped don n and out from the most active
position of the club. To be frank, I don't
think there is a man in Pittsburg who could
be as valuable to the Pittsburg club as J.
Palmer O'Neil. and I say this mindful of
all his human foibles as far as 1 know
them. !-. O'Xeil has figured in troubled
and unlucky times, and in baseball history
he appears to me just what a Disraeli, a
Count Caour and a Count Andrassy was in
European politics in times of rebellion and
diplomatic intrigue. Depend upon it, there
are few Palmer O'Xcils in baseball. There
never was a harder worker, never a harder
fighter and never a more successful tactician
than 31r. O'SciL. Certainly he had ene
miis of uncompromising kind, and they
have taken advantage of temporary re
versals and made matters so unpleasant that
he has stepped down and out. Dot me say
one word, a word in kindly feeling to all,
lriends and foes alike. Let bygones be by
goes, and 1st J. Palmer O'Xeil once more
advocate before the world the importance
and the worth of Pittsburg as a baseball
city. It will be a gain, to the club and a
gain to the community.
Tlio General SItnal-n.
A general survey of the condition of base
tall affairs gh es hope that a common un
derstanding of peace will be arrived at soon
by the opposing parties. The contest be
tween tne .Association ana the .League is
becoming, in fact, has become so hot that a
termination may be looked for at any time.
The conflict is too disastrous to those inter
ested to continue, and it is because of this
that I think the folly cf continuing it much
longer will forcibly impress those who are
taking part in it. Of course, I still contend
that the Americai Association magnates are
tlaiost entirely responsible for the un
pleasant state of things, and, therefore,
overtures for a closing up of the breach
ought to come from them. I think they
must be convinced beyond all doubt that
they will be the sufferers more than any
body else if the conflict continues, for it is
a conflict now. A week or two ago every
prominent man in the American Associa
tion talked veiy gushingly about all the
sttx plavers in the Lcaguiwho w ere ready
to sxep over to the Association at the first
rolici'xtion. "What a disappointment there
must have been. "Why. notwithstanding all
the inducements and allurements that have
been hell out I know of none who have
''jumped." The trip of my friend Sam
Horton Eat to hook prominent League
players for the new Chicago team must have
been a very dishccrtening one. He was
tinable to sifi any of the stars he set out to
catch, and when ho cannot succeed I don't
think it worth while for anybody else to
try. This go4s to show that as usual the
Association magnates have made a very bad
calculation; they have fooled themselves.
They evidently have forgotten that all
.prominent bal'player3 have had a taste of
the jump-.. c business aud do not care lor
any more of it TLe Association magnates
ought to remember this, and if they take
this fact into consideration I have very
strong hopes that they will resolve to at
least try and act like sensible men. Depend
npon it, they have enough difficulties of
their own to contend against without hav
ing them augmented by fightlog the Na
tional Iicaie. Every day is proving this
fact.
What Shonld Be Done.
The baseball season that has just ended
has not been a very bad one; in fact, when
we take into consideration the fight of last
year, the recent season has been much better
than many of us expected. But the time
has come when something should be done
toward getting baseball once more down to
or up 10 national basis. In short, the
booner there is a national agreement by
which every professional baseball organiza
tion is bound to act on common principles,
the sooner will the business become more
profitable for those directly interested in it,
imd certainly more pleasant for the public.
The lalue and necessity of n national agree
ment have often been pointed out in this
paper, but its necessity was never more ap
parent than now. Why, the ball players
are complete masters o'f the situation, and
the competition for the best of them is
dragging the national game down to a level
lower than has been known for years.
Temporarily the players are reaping the
benefit, of course. But let me say that
a reaction of this abnormal state of
things will come just as sure
cs the tide ebbs and flows. The
reaction will be disadvantageous to the
player without the good eflects of a na
tional agreement come to his protection. It
teems to me exceedingly strange that capi
talists who have money invested in baseball
should not insist that a national agreement
be adapted at once by all the baseball or
ganizations. Without one every dollar in
csted ia the business is in ihegreatc&t
jeopardv, and its value therefore depre
ciated. "This fact alone should wield a -very
great influence; certainly an influence suffi
ciently btrong to subdue all personalities in
the matter. I am aware thai representatives
of the Association not long ago submitted
sonic propositions to the .National League
on which they based their notions of a na
tional agreement. Thoso propositions vreie
bo monstrously unUir that they appeared
more as an insult to the Xeague representa
tives than overtures for peiee on a logical
basis. Vhi is. needed now is represcta
tivrs of ail the conflicting baseball interests
to meet and nmong.theinselvcs formulate a
national agreement that will deal fairly to
all five justice to the playeis, make the j
the prestige and dignity of the game se
cure and inspire confidence in the public
mind. If this were done all would be welL
Ball Flayers as Stockholders.
A day or two ago there appeared in this
paper a sJiort article to the eflVct that Mr.
Baldwin, father of Pitcher Mark Baldwin,
was anxious to purchase some stock in the
local club, presumably for Mark. This
caused an expression of opinion in a local
paper that was very ungenerous toMark, to
say the least, and certainly not logical The
op'inion was to the effect that if Mark Bald
win secured stock in the club he would
want to 'do as he liked, and would only
want to work when he did not feel inclined
to do anvthing else. Now, even if the
holding o'f about 52,000 worth of stock
would permit Baldwin to do this, I am sure
he would not be so inclined; in fact I know
of no player who would. But, bless us, the
holding of a little stock in a club does not
allow either a player or anybody else to
run it Wc have seen that fact proven in
the local club. But I hold the opinion that
it would be well if every player held club
stock, and it is chiefly because of this
M opinion that I now draw attention to the
matter. JL Know oi no greater incentive m
life toward causing a man to look faith
fully alter a business and work hon
estly and energetically for it than having
an interest in it- Self-interest is a potent
influence, in fact one of the most powerful
and if Mark Baldwin or any other player of
the local club had ?1,0W invested in tne
club stock depend upon it they would do
their best to try and make the investment
grow to 52,500 as soon as possible. All the
encouragement possible should be given
players to invest money in club stock.
President White's Flan.
Ex-President O'Neil of the local club
stated the other day that when he attends
the National League meeting he intends to
suggest the adoption of President White's
plan of schedule for the championship
season. The plan briefly stated is that the
season be divided into two sections of 70
games each. The club having the highest
percentage of victories in the first 70 games
to secure a pennant, and the club having
the highest percentage of victories in the
second 70 also to have a pennant If
two clubs secure the pennants
they to contest in a special
scrips for the
championship pennant. slavln , b j filing to meet Sulll
e to be a very plausible . Iov,1fiht d nteat between
This seems to me
plan. Whatever there may be to say
against it there is much to say in itstavor.
The feature that recommends it most is that
it will tend to sustain an interest in the game
from the beginning to the end of the season.
During the first of the season a team may
be playing amid the worst kind of misfor
tune and be down at the bottom of the list.
As the saason progresses the team may get
into better condition and a new start in a
new race will revive interest in its perform
ance and give the club generally a better
chance to make money. Whether the plan
is adopted or not a discussion of its merits
or demerits by the majority will be useful
The Hunting Season.
The quail shooting season has com
menced, and that fact reminds me of 'the
numerous complaints of illegal shooting of
that dainty bird I have received recently.
Some of these complaints are very interesting
because they contain suggestions regarding
the game laws. A few days ago a friend of
mine went out to Kill pheasants and squir
rels, and I dare say he would not have hesi
tated about bringing a few qnail had he
.seen any. But he did not see any and that
fact caused him to make some inquiries and
these inquiries gave him to understand that
all the quail in the neighborhood had been
shot within the last few weeks by shooters
who, like himself, had gone out to shoot
pheasants and squirrels. There is a mean
ing in this. L take it to mean that the ar
rangement of the present game laws gives
any amount of opportunity for illegal shoot
ing; in fact, fv, seems to me that the present
laws are to a very great extent a farce. On
September 1 it is lawful to shoot ducks and
geese and othe. game. On October 1 pheas
ent shooting commedces, but the shooting
of quail is not lawful until November 1. So
far so good, but when men are out shooting
pheasants between the first of September
and the first of November, who is to know
whether or not they are shooting quail?
There aie not game keepers or game
wardens suflicient to watch everybody;
not bv any means. It would be a ridicu
lous proceeding if there were. The truth is
that under present arrangements there is
no effective way of preventing illegal shoot
ing of game, except by making the com
mencement of the shooting of the various
game birds as uniform as possible. Of
course, under the most rigid game laws the
world has ever known there has always been
poaching, but the object should be to reduce
poaching to a minimum. For sometime it
has been rampant in Western Pennsylvania.
Those Professional Sprinters.
For some time past Western Pennsylva
nia has been infested with a gang of pro
fessional foot runners, who have, in the
boldest way, "worked" dozens of country
towns in Allegheny and neighboring coun
ties. During the last two weeks about a
dozen letters have reached me from
Waynesbnrg, Washington, Pa., Browns
ville and other towns, telling of a number
of these characters who are going about the
country defrauding honest people. I draw
attention to this entirely in the interest of
honest sport, and particularly in the inter
est of sprinting. Foot racing is one of the
best branches of sport, but when it is
dragged down to the level of a thieving
business by characters, whose only aim is to
rob the public, it is time to call a halt
Foot racing really has become so low that
in the majoritv of cases professional sprint
er means nothing more nor less than pro
fessional thief, and the thieving is of the
most audacious kind. I may be told that
there is nothing wrong in "ringing a man
in" against another. Of course." there mar
not be, but the "ringing" I have reference
to is swindling; it is part of a confidence
scheme several parties have been playing in
this neighborhood. If I have a man whom
I want to match against anybody to run a
race you may bring Hutchens against him
and tell me that Hutchens is only Mr.
Jones. That is all right But here is the
Iilan of robbing that I complain of. A man
ands iatc a town and commences work as a
barber, tor instance. He makes
acquaintances and soon lets them see
thst he is a remarkable sprinter;
in fact nearly a ten-second man. Our bar
ber has a "pal" planted in another town,
and this pal, who is known to be nothing
like a ten-second man, is matched to run
the barber, for instance, and the latter's
new friends, feeling sure they found a won
der, plunge on him. The race is run and
the barbtr-wonder is beaten in about 11J4
seconds. He disappears and so does his
'pah" but only to bob up serenely in some
othir town to play their confidence game
agaiD. What I claim is this: That there is
as much reason to arrest these characters as
there is to arrest a party of bunko stecrers.
They, and all the persons who are aiding
them, should be driven out of the city and
the community. The wonder is that they
are not lynched on the race tracks of some
town where they operate. Honest foot
runners should see to it that they have no
quarter and that their daily movements are
made public
O'Connor and Stnnsbary.
William O'Connor, the Canadian sculler,
has returned home and- has declared him
self, as is the custom with champions. If
wc can place any reliance on O'Conilor's
statement to a newspaper reporter the other
day there is hope of a race between O'Con
nor and Stansbury for the world's cham
pionship. I have olten thought that it
w ould be a great treat to have a sculler's
race on American waters for the world's
championship, one of the contestants, of
course, being an Australian. Somehow or
other, the Australian scullers cannot be
persuaded to come here, and as far as I cau
remember we have not had any of them
here since Trickett's time. But as Stans
bury is not in this country at present, and
as winter is almost here, I fail to see how
O'Connor and the champion will
measure blades lor some time.
They mav arrange to row a
race on the L'acific slope between now and
ncn spring, but their contest would cer
tainly not be half as profitable as it would
be during a warmer season, xne 'season
just ended has been one of the worst for
professional rowing in this country in the
annals of aquatics, and si far as I can see j
THE
next year will be worse except the Aus
tralians come over here and give the sport a
boom. But their coming here suggests ans.
other danger. If they come here and de
feat our champions, which they are likely
to do, the result will have a worse effect on
rowing here than ever. O'Connor and Han
Ian have been in Australia and rowed the
Australians on their own water. It is now
fair for Stansbury to come here and row
O'Connor on the Toronto course.
' Sullivan's Home Coming.
John L. Sullivan is home again, and we
may prepare ourselves for any number of
challenges, counter-challenges and state
ments during the next "week or two in the
pugilistic world. For years it has been
the ambition of almost every heavy weight
boxer, who had high notions of hiinself,to
Challenge Sullivan, and the same desire
exists yet. No doubt Peter Maher will tell
us in a day or two that he will not rest con
tent until he has devoured Sullivan. This
general desire to challengeSullivan is in
some respects remarkaulc, because ue nas
been ont of the pugilistic business for a
long time. This goes to show that the gen
eral opinion is that Sulivan is the idol
whom everybody wants to shatter. Well,
notwithstanding the effects of fast living
John L. will take a deal of shattering yet.
Since his return the talk about a contest be
tween him and Slavin has become general,
and it may be safe to say
that within a short time ar
rangements will be made for a glove com
bat between these two big and powerful
men. Sullivan has repeated 'his intention
not to participate in any more London prize
ring contests and will only take part in
glove contests arranged by clubs. This is
the very best thing that Sullivan could do
and if he could insist on making the con
tests only for a limited number of rounds
it would be better for him still. He is anx
ious to have the number of rounds limited,
but I fail to see how he can have the con
ditions all in his favor. If Slavin con
sents to meet Sullivan in a glove contest the
former ought to be allowed 'to say
of how many rounds the contest
should be. Sullivan has proven that
in a glove contest no man has been known
who could stand up against him, and if he
co-s'd regain his bid form Slavin would cer
tainly share the fate of others who have al
van in a glove hght, and a contest between
them would certainly be one ot the most in
teresting pugilistic events ot modern times.
Corbett and Maher.
Peter Maher is determined to become
prominent; at least Billy Madden means to
make him prominent The Irish champion
is certainly a mnch greater card to-day than
be was two or three weeks ago, and even if
he does not fight a first-class man Madden
has made money out of his venture
ot bringing him to America. But Maher
has legitimately forced himself into promi
nence. A few days aao Corbett, who, by
the way, is in this city this week, declined
to stoop to recognize a man oi Maher's
class. TheCalifornian offered to match Jim
Daly to fight Maher. The latter since then
has met Daley and polished him off almost
as quick as he settled Gus Lambert As a
result Corbett has taken notice of Maher
and agreed to fight him if Charley Mitchell
or Frank Slavin decline to meet Corbett
A contest between Maher and Corbett
might and might cot be an interesting,
affair, I am inclined to think that it would
not I fail to see how a man of Maher's
method of fighting and limited knowledge
of boxing would ever be able to hit
a man of Corbett's boxing abilities.
Corbett's activity and height give him a
wonderful advantage. To oe sure, Maher
might take simply to give, but if Corbett
has any hitting power at all the Irish cham
pion would soon tire of that game. As I
nave often said before, I am at a loss how to
estimate Corbett While he is und-ubtedly
au exceeding .y good boxer, he has done
nothing yet t: convince me that he is a
front rank fighter. If he is he will soon de
feat Peter Maher. But why should Maher
and Joe McAuIiffe not have a go? They
would make a good match, and if Maher
co.uld not defeat McAuIiffe he should at
once recross the Atlantic.
Carroll and Fritchard.
The other day the dailypapcrs announced
that Jimmy Carroll, the Brooklyn middle
weight, had made definite arrangements to
leave for England to fight Ted Pritchard.
If this is true, that is if these two men are
going to fight, many interesting suggestions
are prompted assuming the afiair to be "on
the square." IfC rroll's backers think he
has a chance to defeat Pritchard they must
rate the Englishman as only second or third
rate among American fighters. If Carroll
has any chance at all of defeating Pritchard
the latter will cot have as much show
against Fitzsimmons as had Dempscy. But
in my estimation Carroll is not in the same
class as Pritchard, and why arrangements
should have been made for a battle between
the two is something I cannot understand.
Bill Plitnmer. the English bantam-weight
recently imported to this country, has
favorably impressed the Eeastern authori
ties. A few nights ago Plimmer knocked a
Jersey "bantam" out in great style so
much so that one authority rates Plimmer
as probably the best bantam-weight in
America, not barring Spider Kelly. This
is going a great wav. But Plimmer is a
natural little pugilist, lie hits hard, is
very active and extremely cunning. He
settled Watress in four rounds. It is now
likely that Plimmer will be matched against
Kelly, or any other little fellow in the
country, and if he defeats a champion
here it will be something new for the
Britishers to talk aboit Their pugilistic
representatives in this country have for a
long time made only a poor show.
PxenroLx,
BOFTEHIUG THE HANDS.
Nearly Any fair Will Tield to m Steady
Treatment of Glycerine.
Chambers' Journal.
An efficacious way of making hands soft
is to rub them with glycerine while they are
wet, after washing with warm water and
soap. Glycerine, it should be remembered,
is a valuable toilet accessory. There are, very
few hands so hard that they will not be ren
dered soft by Abbing glycerine in regularly
every night for 10 or 12 nights. When this
is done, gloves must be worn, to prevent
the bed linen being made greasy. Some
people find glycerine too heating; they say
it makes the skin smart, and find it very
irritating.
Under these circumstances, oatmeal may
be
ciupiujcu iusitau. irauueai will OQb
answer quite so well as glycerine, but it
will be very helpful. A writer in one of
the medical journals, speaking on this sub
ject not long ago, said: "The best prepara
tion for the hands at night is white-of-egg
with a grain of alum dissolved in it
Quacks have a fancy name for this; but all
can make it. and spread it over their hands,
and the work is done"
The Mystery of a Ledger.
In a down-town office the other day the
bookkeeper had occasion to refer to an old
ledger which had lain unopened in the safe
for many years. On turning its leaves he
found that in the heart of the volume was a
cavity eaten out that would hold a walnut
There was no opening apparent by which
the insect that did the mischief could have
entered or gone away, aud the insect itself
was not to be found. It must have been a
book worm, of course, but the question is
how did it get into the heart ol the book
without making a hole, and how did it get
out
How Shelley Lived.
Shelley could not understand why people
needed more than plain bread. He was so
careless about his meals that-he did himself
serious injury. When during his London
walk,s he felt hungry he would buy a loaf at
the nearest baker's, tuck it under his arm
and eat it as be went along, probably read
ing a book and dodging the passersby at the
same time. Mrs. Shelley often sent food to
his study, which in his abstraction he for
got, and then.'coming out from 'the room.
ne would innocently ask: "Mary, have I
dined?
PTTTSBUIIG- DISPATCH,
UNDER THE PACIFIC.
The Orient and the Occident Will
Soon Send Each Other the Hews.
FIELD SAYS A GABLE WILL WORK.
f
A Mighty System Embracing Seventeen
Thousand Miles of Wire.
INTERVIEW WITH THE OLD PEOMOTEE
mtow x CTA.Fr cORBispoiTDnrr.i
3"Tetv York, Oct 31. Among the most
important bills which will be presented to
the next Congress are
those for new ocean
cables. The old
scheme for laying a
cable from San Fran.
cisco to the Sandwich
Islands will be revived
and a new one for put--Hting
down a cable from
coil lauuucu iojaina
across the Pacific will,
es tTt x rn.'
it is said, be proposed.
There are now half a
dozen cables across the
Atlantic, and the whole
Cym W. Field-
world ha3 been joined together by cable
connections. The man who laid the first
cable lives here in New York, and I called
upon him yesterday to ask him as to the
possibilities of the line across the Pacific
His name, as everyone knows, is Cyrus W.
Field. He organized the company for the
building of the first Atlantic cable in 1854.
His line was 2,600 miles long. It cost more
than 51,500,000, and was a failure. He tried
it again in 1858, and the cable spoke a few
words and was silent. Then the war came,
and for eight years nothing was done.
FAlIiUBE DEDN'T DISCOURAGE HIM.
As goon as it had closed, however, Mr.
Field again took up his scheme, and in 1866
the first successful cable was laid. Now
we have cables laid everywhere and there is
in Mr. Field's office a great case filled with
sections of wire rope cut from the great
cables of the world. Mr. Field told me
that there was no doubt that a successful
line could be made across the Pacific, and
he showed me a map which he had had
made in support of a similar scheme pro
posed by him to Congress more than 11
years ago. At this time Mr. Field pro
posed cables for Japan, Australia and the
Sandwich Islands, and the map shows that
17,000 miles ot cable would give us two
cables to Japan and one to Australia.
Taking the Northern route, running from
Puget Sound to Vladivostock and thence
down to Corea the distance is 4,000 miles,
and ta this adding 20 per cent for slack
would make a cable of this kind extend
4,800 miles" from one continent to the other.
It is 2,100 miles from San Francisco to the
Sandwich Islands and more than 3,400 miles
from the Sandwich Islands to Japan.
With
THE SI-ACK ET THE CABLE,
for the line has to accommodate itself to the
hills and valleys on the bed of the sea, the
cable along this route from San Francisco
to Yokahoma would have to be 6,700
miles long, and a branch line from the
Sandwich Islands running down to
Australia would be 5,000 miles more, mak
ing a total of 17,000 miles in all.
I found Mr. Field in his office in the big
Field building at the foot of Broadway.
He is 72 years old and his hair is gray, but
he is full of vigor and he is as bright in
tellectually now as when he planned the
Atlantio cable nearly half a century ago.
He is about six feet tall and rather spare
than otherwise He has the same fine silky
hair, and somewhat the same features as his
brother, Judge Field, of the Supreme
Court, though he is more nervous and less
judicial in his aspect He is still one of the
rich men of New York, and is worth his
millions. Me is largely interested in the
elevated road, and I asked him as to the
cable which was being put down on Broad
way. This bronght up the wonderful growth
of New York City.
WILI. BE THE GREATEST SEAPORT.
"I came to New York when I was 15, and
my first work here was in A. T. Stewart's
employ," said he. "At this time New
York had only 260,000 people. I have seen
it grow right along from year to year until
now, with its suburbs and Brooklyn, it con
tains more than 3,000,000 people. London
has only 5,000,000, and I believe that this
will be the greatest seaport of the world."
"How about the growth of fortunes,"
said L
"Our great fortunes," said Mr. Field, "are
among the wonders of modern times. I
don't believe there was a millionaire in the
country at the time of the Revolution and
now you may find one in almost every
county and in every city of the United
States. It is not very long ago that the
richest man in the State of New York had
only an income of 51,500 a year in money.
This was Van Rensselaer, of Albany, who
died about 50 .years ago, and who had at one
time 900 farms of 150 acres each under
cultivation, tie rented these out at 1 per
cent on their valuation and he had good
deal of an income that came in kind, in the
shape of farm products, etc His money
income was, however, only $1,500 and he
was considered the richest man of his day."
WE MAT HAVE A BILLIONAIRE.
"Will we ever have a billionaire?"
"I can't say as to that," was the reply.
"New developments in nature and new
elements in fortune making are coming in
to the field every day. This nitre king of
South America has, it seems, jumped to the
front as one ot the rich men ot the time
and what can you tell as to the future"
"I don't see why the chances for young
men are not as good now as ever. It is true
much is done by combinations of capital,
still, the field is larger and the possibilities
are fully as great As to my advice to
young men, I would say: 'Stick to what
you undertake. Be punctual in your ap
pointments, be honest and be brief. Re
member that time is money and that brevity
and punctuality are among the best ele
ments of success. I don't believe in long
business letters. There is no business so
important that you can't put the whole of
it on one sheet of paper. I have cultivated
brevity throughout my life and I think it
has paid me to do so. I believe in earlv
rising and I find that my brain works best
between the hours of six aud eight in the
morning.
A STORY OF GLADSTONE.
No man in the United States has more
friends across the water than Cyrus W.
Field. John Bright called him the "Co
lumbus of modern times, who by his cable
had moored the New World along-side the
Old," and he knew Disraeli aud has for
years been well acquainted with Gladstone.
"Mr. Gladstone, said he, "is a great man
and a wonderful man in many respects. He
has one of the quickest minds in the world
to-day, and he has the power of reading a
book faster than any man I know. I re
member an incident in connection with him
which illustrates this. It happened during
our civil war. Mr. Gladstone was then
Chancellor of the Exchequer. I had come
to London and had' some business with him.
I had been reading a book which had greatly
interested me. It was entitled 'Thirteen
Months in the Rebel Army.' I took it
with me when I wentf to see Mr. Gladstone,
and I told him I thought he would be in
terested in it He asked, 'Is the book true?
Do you believe the statements in it can be
trusted? Do you know the author?'
"No,' I replied; 'I do not But I know
his father, and I think he tells the truth.'
REVIEWED IN A FEW HOURS.
"The author was a voung man who had
been in the South for his health at the time
the war broke out, and had been forced into
the rebel service. Well, when I answered
in this way Mr. Gladstone asked me to
leave the book. I did so. This was late in
the Afternoon. The next morninc I went
ont of my hotel.
When I returned about j
Oi
kkiM
JiMaLWWiu-'yiX
MJBpj7Mfc,to.H3nrs
n i
SUTSTDAY, NOVEMBER
noon I found a letter of seven pages from
Mr. Gladstone giving a complete review of
the boolc and thanking me for it. The letter
showed that he had digested it completely,
though it contained at least 150 pages.
"The letter was full of expressions about
the war, about the South and about our con
dition and prospects. It was such a re
markable production that I wrote at once
to Mr. Gladstone and begged permission to
send copies of it to my family and to Pres
ident Lincoln. The next day I received a
reply which read: 'My dear JIr. Field,
you may do anything you please with my
letters except publish them in the news
papers. J.he public sentiment in the two
countries is so sensitive at this time that it
will not do to publish anything bearing
upon the struggle as coming from me.' This
was substantially the letter. I sent a copy
that day to my family and anotherto Presi
dent Lincoln." He was very much pleased
with it and read it aloud to his Cabinet"
NORTH CAROLINA GOLD FIELDS.
I asked Mr. Edison the other day to tell
me something about his experiments in the
North Carolina gold fields. He replied:
"My experiments were all right The
trouble was the lack of gold. I spent sev
eral months traveling over North Carolina
and I found in fact that every farm had a
gold mine, but the gold, if it ever existed in
large quantities, has been taken out The
mines had been dug down to the water level
in slavery days and there was nowhere gold
enOugh to pay. I found the country too far
off and too much out of the world for a civ
ilized man to settle in and I concluded to
come back to New Jersey and devote my
attention to iron. There is more money in
iron than in gold and the New Jersey iron
mines are going to produce some of the best
iron products of the future.
"Why don't you go to Mexico?" said L
"There's plenty of gold and silver there."
"It's too far off," was Mr. Edison's reply,
"and life is too short to waste time in trav
eling from one place to another."
Frank G. Cabfkstkb.
HZ LOVED HIS PBISOB.
A Bobln on Bring Offered Hli liberty De
liberately Refuses to Accapt
Wide AwaVe.
Not wishing to keep my young robin
through the winter, I attempted to intro
duce him to liberty and His feathered kith
and kin. This was easier to say than to
do. As with kindly ' treated slaves in the
old days, liberty was what he dreaded. He
had never been outside his prison bars, yet
I had fancied when the door of his cage was
opened he would fly away at once. Instead,
he gave one little chirp of dismay and re
treated to the farthest corner, looking im
ploringly at me, as much as to say, "I'm a
little fellow. Don't make me go out into
that big world. I'm afraid."
I closed the door of his cage, and a more
delighted bird was never seen. This ex
periment was repeated for several successive
days, but nothing could induce him to
venture out Finally I nut mv hand in his
cage and brought him forth. This attempt
was followed by a series ot Bmall but pierc
ing bird shrieks, uttered in a heartrending
way by Robin, who stood just outside the
closed door. Next, he pecked at the wires
of his cage, flew excitedly about and in
spected his house from every point of view
even from the roof. Then he huddled down
close by the door in such a fluffv forlom
way that I opened it, and with a hop, skip
and jump, and a shrill note of delight, he
bounced in.
PH0T0GEAPHTNO THE IIOHIHUTa
The Wnole Becret Ia to Walt mad Xt the
Flash Take Itselt,
Chambers' Jonrnal.3
But lightnlng-potography la a very sta
ple operatian after alL The whole secret
is to wait for the lightning and to let it
take' itself. The operator knows by previ
ous experiments the exact focal length of
his instrument, and so adjust the camera
that all distant objects are in distinct focus,
He inserts his rapid plate and turns the
lens in the direction whence the flashes
come. He then counts the number of seconds
between several flashes, in order to arrive
at a fairly accurate estimate of the interval
after which a flash may be expected.
' Allowing this time almost to expire, he
removes the cap from the lens and awaits
his flash. Upon its appearance he replaces
the cap, and the operation is complete The
necessity for the darkness of night is read
ily seen, for if the exposure were made dur
ing the hours of daylight, the plate would
be hopelessly fogged, should the flash not
present itself at the exact moment, and the
great advantage of the background of dark
sky would be absent
The most favorable conditions for light
ning photography occur when a thncder
storm happens at night and is Accompanied
by vivid flashes at frequent and fairly reg
ular intervals.
THE PUPPY HAD A FBTEUT).
Getting Thrashed In the Street Ha Oeta
Ble Doe t Avense Him.
Wide Awake.
In the town of Norwalk, O., in the St
Charles Hotel, live two dogs, one of which
is a large Newfoundland, the other a water
spaniel. The two always have been the
most devoted of friends. A proof of the
strength of their affection was given soma
time ago, when the spaniel was a puppy.
The little fellow was out on the street one
dav. when ho saw another dog at a short
distance from him in front of a store. The
puppy ran toward the stranger and tried to
plav with him; but the strange dog was of a
surly dispositionand bit the little fellow
savagely. Howling with pain tne spaniel
ran home. He did not pause at the house.
but ran on to the barn where he found his
friend, the Newfoundland.
The latter licked the spaniel's hurt, and
evidently inquired the cause of his trouble,
for after a minnte the two dogs started for
the street The ill-natured dog was still
there. On seeing him, the Newfoundland,
who is usually very good and kind, flew at
him in a rage and did not leave until be had
punished him severely for his treatment of
the puppy.
CBAFT 0? THE AHCIBHTS.
A Marvelous Nuptial xncht and Tessel
That Carried 7,000 Men.
Chambers Journal. J
Ptolemy Philopater possessed a nuptial
yacht, the Thalamegon, 312 feet long and 45
feet deep. A graceful gallery, supported
by curiously-carved columns, ran round the
vessel, aud within were temples of Venus
and of Bacchus. Her masts were 100 feet
high; her sails and cordage of royal purple
hue.
Probably the largest vesiel of remote ages
was one belonging to the same ruler. She
was 420 feet long, 56 feet broad, 72 feet from
the top of her prow to her keel, and 80 -feet
from the highest part of her poop. Her
largest gars were 56 feet in lcngth;'she had
two prows, two sterns, and seven beaks or
rostra. On both poop and prows were fig
ures of men and of animals fully 18 feet
high. Her crew consisted of 4,000 oarsmen,
3,000 soldiers, and several hundred of other
ranks. Sesostris is said to have had a ship
400 feet long, which was covered inside with
silver and outside with- gold. This story
cause the adventures of Baron Munchausen
to pale into insignificance.
The Pausing or the Interlude.
Interlude playing between the verses of
hymns is gradually becoming a lost art
Not many years ago no organist would
allow a hymn to be sung withont an inter
lude of some length after each verse, but
now the most that is expected is a short
succession of chords after each alternate
verse, and even this is otten omitted. The
reason is very obvious. Poor organists find
the interlude the most troublesome part of
the performance, and are glad to omit it,
while crood nerformera have other onnortn.
nities to display their abilities.
. .... '
-tLlJ$Lt&lA,
j-5,T-&L t'jkzi
.1, 1891.- .
TOT7 ETPCT DPYYr'C'QT
LllEl TlliOl lllUlJlijl
Against Slavery in America Came
From the Sturdy Germans.
A LITTLE COLONY OF MENNOKITES
Wiose Influence for Good Can Ecarcelj Bo
Underestimated.
THE H0WAED BLOCK OP PITTSBDEG
tWEITTEir TOB TUE DISPJLTCB.l
The records of the beginning of the Ger
man e'migration to this country, had it not
been for the industry of Prof. Oswald
Seidensticker and Judge Samuel W. Penny
packer, of Philadelphia, and one or two
other gentlemen of antiquarian tastes,
might have remained scattered and un
known among the dusty and forgotten
things of the past But, thanks to their
efforts, the records are tolerably well pre
served, and it is possible from them to give
a brief outline of a few of the most promi
nent men among the emigrants, by and
through whom the characteristics of all
their companions may be judged.
October 6, 1683, there arrived at Phila
delphia on the "Concord," of 500 tons
burden, 13 heads of families numbering in
all S3 persons, who left their homes at
Crefeld and Krisheim, towns on the lower
Rhine. Their names were as follows:
Lenard Arets, Abraham Op-den-Graeff,
DirckOp-den-Graeff,HermanOp-den-Graeff,
Wilhelm Steypus, Thones Kundus, Reynier
Tyson, Jan Siemens, Jan Scnsen, Peter
Keurlis, Johannes Bleikers, Jan Siecken
and Abraham Turies, many of whom were
connected, either by ties of blood or of
marriage They were "Mennonites," or
followers of "Menno Simon," a reformer of
the sixteenth century, and had been visited
in their homes by William Penn, who,
finding them holding essentially the same
views as the Quakers (into which sect they
ultimately merged) and of thrifty, moral
and industrious habits, induced them to
settle in his "Province of Pennsylvania" at
or near Philadelphia.
HAD SUFFERED FOR C02TSCIESCE'S SAKE.
To be free from ecclesiastical, oppression,
the sea voyage ot a month's duration, over
an almost unknown ocean, to an almost un
known region, peopled by savases and wild
beasts, was gladly undertaken by this little
band, for they and their ancestors had been
scourged, imprisoned and burned for "con
science sake. ' They were met at Philadel
phia by Francis Daniel Pastorious, a man
of much ability, learning and position, Fad
one of the original group ot emigrants at
"Crefeld" who had been selected to precede
them at Philadelphia to arrange for their
coming.
Six days after their arrival a warrant was
issued to Pastorious for 6,000 acres of land
on behalf of these purchasers. Thomas
Fairman measured off 14 divisions ot land,
and the next day the immigrants drew lots
for choice of location, and at once began to
build their caves and huts for shelter dur
ing the coming winter. This settlement
was called Germantown, a name it still
bears and perhaps always will, although
now and for many years it has been part of
Philadelphia.
Of this period Pastorious writes: "It
could cot be described, nor would it be be
lieved by the coming generations in what
want and need, and with what Christian
contentment and persistent industry this
Germantownship started." Iu confirma
tion of this the late Abraham Updegraff, of
Williamsport, born in 1807, in a sketch of
his father's life printed in 1881, speaks of
having "from childhood listened to his
grandmother with a sweep of memory
reaching over nearly 90 years rehearse the
stories of Germantown and its early set
tlers, of their privations their patience of
hope and labors of love, with a creed broad
enough to embrace all religious wayfarers
and wanderers as well the negro as the
Indian, making Germantown a Mecca of the
mind to him."
BEGINNING OF THE CARPET INDUSTRx;
Many of these settlers were linen weavers
and it was not long before they had set up
in their trade. Thus they formed a nucleus
around whieh their waiting relatives,friends
and co-religionists at home might gather
when these, too, should flee from persecu
tion. October 12, 1685, there arrived at
Philadelphia in the Francis and Dorothy,
froms Crefeld, Hans Peter Umstat, Peter
Schumaker, Gerhard Hendricks and Henry
Bucholtz, who, with their families, num
bered 17 persons. They located likewise
at Germantown. Emigration continued and
the little settlement grew. May 31, 1691, a
charter was granted naming Pastorious,
bailiff; Jacob Telner, Dirk OpdengrafhHer
mau Opdecgraff and Thomas Kunders, bur
gesses, and Abraham Opdengraff, Isaac "Van
Uebber, Johannes Jvassel, Meivert Fapen,
Herman Bom and Dirk Van Kolk, commit
teemen, with power to hold a court and a
market, admit citizens, impose fines- and
make ordinances. That ignorance of the
law should be no excuse, it was ordained
that "on the 19th of first month in each
year the people shall be called together and
the laws and ordinances read aloud to
them."
As early as 1684 negroes were held as
slaves in Pennsylvania, both by the Quak
ers and Mcnonites, and Jacob Born in a
letter to Rotterdam, dated October 12, 16S4,
says: "I have no regular servants except a
negro ,whom I bought I have no rent or
taxes or excise to pay." As the people of
the "Province" increased, the purchase and
sale of negroes as slaves increased. They
were brought from the "Barbadoes" and
elsewhere as merchandise In 1684 the rare
and isolated presence among them of negro
slaves, excited little notice; but its growing
trequency and visible hardships soon ap
pealed to the conscience of the more
thoughtful and considerate members of the
sect In 1688, the pent up indignation at
the practice of slavery found expression in
an unanswerable protest against it, being
THE FIRST PUBLIC PROTEST.
against negro slavery ever made Qnaint
in its orthography, language aud construc
tion, no subsequent written or printed con
demnation of the evil, either in truth,
argument, illustration or pathos, has been
other than its elaboration. It is in the
hand writing of Pastorious, and is signed
by Gerhard Hendricks, Dirk Op-den-graff,
Francis Daniel Pastorius and Abraham Op-den-graff.
As an illustration of how slowly great
reforms proceed, it will be of interest to
follow this "protest," and the reform it em
bodied, to its end. It was delivered by
these signers to the "monthly meeting,"
which reported:
We having inspected ye matter above
mentioned, and considered it: wo Undo it so
welsrhtr. that we think it not expedient for
us to meddlo with it lieie, but do rather.
comitt it to ye consideration or ye quarterly
meeting, yo tenor of it being nearly related
to ye truth.
The "Quarterly meeting" at Philadelphia
considered it and referred it to the "yearly
meeting" with instructions to the "above
said Dirk and the other two mentioned
therein to present the same to the above
said meeting, it being a thing of too great
weight for this meeting to determine. " The
yearly meeting at Burlington July 5,
1688, 'disposed ot it in these words:
A paper being here presented by some
German Friends concerning the lawfulness
and unlawfulness of buying and keeping;
negroes, it was adjudged not to be so proper
for this meeting to give a positive judgment
In the case it having so general a relation
to so many other parts and therefore at
present they forbear it.
THE FRUIT OF THE PROTEST.
Yet the great truth still lived and battled
for the right, and March 1, 1780, 92 years
alter the date of the protest, the Legisla
ture of Pennsylvania passed the act for the
gradual abolition of slavery in the State,
and the last slave upon its soil has died
within the memory of some now living.
But the wronK was only partially righted.
when at the '"meeting of last and supreme
iupremejjooma filled with sand.
k,1-v.1,cw. '..i-t - -j-u-s. t ,-r 1 w-'r ih,vt --, ---fo-ir.1 itffettiiA, ? 1 -r-frJF.!- r., - R- .1 . $J
resort, Held 177 years after the date of the
protest at Appomattox, a final and "posi
tive judgment" was rendered in the case.
This protest was lost and no manuscript
of it existed, although the fact that such a
paper had been presented and'eonsidered at
their meetings was long a tradition of the
Friends, when in 1844 the original v.i AU.
covered by Nathan Kite among the papers
of the society. A few artotype copies ot
the original we,re made and are much valued
by those who have them. The four signers
and their brethren have long since been
gathered to their final reward. The graves
of many of them are unmarked and un
known, but we need not seek for their last
resting places where their very personality
is embalmed in Whittier's poem of "The
Pennsylvania Pilgrims" and other verses.
The German horn pilgrims who first dared
to brave
The scorn of the proud in the cause of the
slave.
Of such an ancestry and such a race our
citizens of German birth and descent may
well be proud. They need shrink from no
comparison with the Pilgrim Fathers in
true Christian spirit and practice, or with
the courtly cavaliers of the South, in
courage.
HOW THE FAMILIES SCATTERED.
Some of the descendants of Pastorious
still live, or did until recently, in German
town. The Op-den-grafis, modernized into
Updegraff, and-the Hendricks were related,
aud the intimacy between some members of
the families was maintained up to the death
in 1871 of Hon. John Covode, of Westmore
land county, whose mother was Anne Up
degraff; and of the late Uri Updegraff, son
of Abner Updegraff" In 1745 the three
grandsons of Abraham Op-den-graff, the
fourth signer of the protest, and who died
on the Skippack creek in 1731, migrated to
York county and located on the Cadvrous
creek. Of their descendants, some went to
the Upper Susquehanna, others, with the
descendants of Gerhard Hendricks, came to
Westmoreland county and located in Lig
onier Valley, where a branch of the Upde
graffs still own and cultivate the ancestral
acres. Some located in Wheeling and in
Ohio.
The came of Hendricks is perpetuated in
the valley of Hendricks creek, contiguous
to the lands of the Covodes and Updegraffs.
The Hendricks removed to the 'Terri
tory of Indiana," and the late Hon.
Thomas A. Hendricks, foremost among its
honored sons and Vice President of
the United States was a lineal descendant of
Gerhard Hendricks, the first signer of the
protest of 1683. The late Abraham Upde
graff, of Williamsport, mentions his visit to
his cousin, Abner Updegraff, in Pittsburg
in 1829. As matter of perhaps some local
and personal interest his account of it may
be given.
ABNER UPDEGRAFF IN PITTSBURG.
"I found him located on what I took to
be a dug road on the hillside. Opposite his
House there was considerable of a hill left
and I had to descend a flight of stairs to
reach his front door and the back of his lot
presented the appearance of a ravine. He
was full of genuine hospitality, making in
quiries about his friends on the west branch
of the Susquehanna and overflowing with
ideas and perhaps some eccentricities. He
was a most determined foe of the credit
system and would owe no man anything
nor suffer anyone to owe him. Upon
my remarking 'Cousin Abner, I am sur
prised that you who came here at such an
early day and could certainly have had your
flick and choice of location, should have se
eded this one,' he quietly replied. 'I assure
thee that this square is to become in time
the most valuable one in town. His pre
diction, which appeared rather quixotio at
the time, has been fully verified."
The 'lot" described as his home fronts
240 feet on Smithfield street from Fifth
avenue to Diamond street, and was pur
chased by him in 1803 from James O'Hara
fer the consideration of 5800, and is assessed
now for taxable purposes at over S500,000.
His request that so long as it remained in
the possession of the family no intoxicating
or spirituous liquors should be sold upon it
has been scrupulously respected, ana it is
still in possession of his grandchildren.
Abner Updegraff himself, a very few of the
older residents of Pittsburg may remember,
and can doubtless recall what were then
deemed his "eccentricities." He insisted
upon the right to entertain and express
heretical opinions upon matters of Biblical
history which his reason and conscience ap
proved, even when to diffar from established
creeds about him was an indictable offense
He was fearless in denunciations of negro
slavery, and fed and sheltered hooted slaves.
IMPRESS OF GERMAN CHARACTER.
The student of heredity might readily
recognize in him, being the fifth in line of
descent from Abrahaham Op-den-graff, the
fourth signer of the Protest in 1688, the
possession of race characteristics, trans
mitted from an ancestry willing to endure
any trials and sacrifices for what their con
science approved. In like manner may be
traced into and among our own people, who
of all nations are the most composite in
blood the race characteristics, derived from
a German ancestry. As a people the Ger
mans are migratory, and have colonized
wherever labor, thrift and good citizenship
can win a home, a competency and a rec
ognized position. Newness of scene, climate,
social and physical surroundings may work
these changes upon the native born German;
their descendants may forget or never know
the nativity or language of their ancestors,
but the German traits will surely follow
them to greater or less degree
Of our early German emigrants and of
their descendants much could be writ
ten, and Judge Pennypacker, of Philadel
phia, in a recent work has made a group of
some ot the more prominent well worth
a reproduction here.
The speaker of the first Federal House of
Representatives was a German. With Simon
Snyder in 1803, began the reimo of tho eight
German Governors of Pennsylvania. To
l epresent her military renown during the
Revolutionary war, Pennsylvania Inn put
the statue of Muhlenburg in the Capitol at
Washington. The JIurat or the Rebellion,
General Custer, ho who so sadiy lost his lire
among the savages of the West, had traced
his lineage to the "llenonite," Paul Kuster,
or Germantown. Another of the descend
ants of the early emigrants, the youngest
general or tlio war, planted his victorious
nag npon the ramparts of Fort Fisher.
Among those who did the m st effective
woik in the war, were Albright, Beaver,
Dahlgren, Heintzleman. Hoffman, Ko3e
crans, Steinwher, Shurz, Sigei, Weitzett and
Wis tar.
IN THE PEACEFUL ARTS.
The liberties of the press In America were
established in the trial of John Peter
Zenger. Man never knew the distance of
the sun and stars until David Rittcnhnusen
made his observations in 1769. The oldest
publishing bouse now existing on the con
tinent was started by Sauer. of German
town, and is still conducted by one of his
descendants of the same name The Ger
man Bible antidates tlio English Bible in
America by nearly 40 years, and tho
largest book published In the colonies came
from the Ephratn, preis in 1749. From Pas
torious, the enthusiast of high culture and
gentlest blood, down to Seidmatrlcker, who
made him known to us, the Germans have
been conspicuous for learning. To the Mo
ravian missionaries, Zeisberger and Hecke
welder, we largely owe wiiat knowledge we
havo of Indian history and philology. Sam
uel Cunard, a descendant of Thones Kun
ders of Geimantown.in the fifth generation
established the first lino of ocean steamers
between England and America, and was
made a British Baronet"
Such reminiscences as these must always
afford some pleasure to the reader, if in
nothing else than in the contrast of the pres
ent time with that of the past. They should
inspire a feeling of gratitude to those who
have made so- many sacrifices in maintain
ing principles upon which our Government
is constructed. W. J. H.
Paraffine in DJpbtheri-.
A simple and valuable remedy for diph
theria is the application of paraffine; The
diphtheritic patch is scraped off, and the
paraffine is applied every boar to the throat
(internally) with a large camel's bair brush.
Asaiule, the throat gets well in from 'Jl to
48 hours, and with improvement in the
throat the paraffine is auplied less nequent
ly, but its use is advisable for two or three
days after, the complete disappearance of
the patches.
Dry Sand for Fire Extinction.
It Is weltknown that dry sand is one of
the best things that can bo used for killing
an incipient oil lire. It is cow suggested
that many dwelling houso flres caused by
lamp explosions might be averted by keep
ing some of the ornamental vases in the
FLOOR MAT HEATERS.
A "feat Way to Apply the Electric
Current to Domestic Uses.
SLEEPDtG 021 AIT EMPTY STOHACH.
Bad Yokes in America Are the Emit of
Lack of Cultivation.
i
A KEW WAT TO GET BID OF FLEAS
iwiunxx foe tux DtsPArcnr.l
JIark Dewey has devised an apparatus to
render electric heating effective and eco
nomical in houses or cars or public build
ing. Floor mats similar to those in gen
eral use can be employed for the heater, the
only essential requirement being that the
mats be provided with heat-radiating con
ductors and connected to suitable suddIt
conductors. These mats are perfectly safe
and effective, and require but a low tension
current They can be arranged so that it is
impossible to touch the conductors of the
mat accidentally, but even if the conductor
in the mat is not nrotected specially. It is
utterly impossible to receive a shock by
contact In any way with the mat The large
exposed radiating surface area of tho mat
heater will enable it to develop and radiate
a great amount of heat without becoming
very hot; that Is, nor hot enough to burn
wood, leather or rnbber In contact with it,
and thus the disadvantages due to the fact
that the heat is concentrated in a particular
locality, as In the old system, is done away
with.
These mat heaters are especially adapted
for heating rooms and hall3 in bouses.
They may he made entirely of nickel or
bronze and formed into a grating of orna
mental design, which can rest upon the
tiling or marble and have its upper surface
level with the floor. In order to prevent
undue heating of the mats, and to keep their
temperature below the ignitinsr point of
wood, leather, etc., an automatic heat regu
lator is provided in the shape of a ther
mostat cut-off or current controller, ar
ranged so that it may be adjusted ror any
desired degree of temperatcre, and to cut
out the mat when the temperature above
the predetermined point.
Taking Food Before Sleep.
Dr. W. T. Cathell has enteredji strong pro
test against the old-lashioned Idea that peo
ple shonld go to bed comparatively hungry.
He Is of opinion that fasting during the long
interval between supper and breakfast, and
especially the complete emptiness of the
stomach during bleep, adds greatly to tho
amount of emaciation, sleeplessness and
general weakness so often met with. It is
well known that in the body .there is a pcr
petual disintegration of tissue sleeping or
waking; it is, therefore, natural to believn
that tne supply of nourishment should be
somewhat continuous, especially in those in
whom the vitality is lowered. As bodilv ex
ercise ii suspended during sleep, with wear
and tear correspondingly- diminished, while
digestion, assimilation, and nutritive activ
ity continue as usual", the food inrnished
during this period adds more than is de
stroyed and increased weight and improved
general vigor is the result. Dr. Cathell is
satisned that were the, weakly, the emaci
ated and the sleepless to nlghtlv take a light
meal of simple, nutritions food he ore going
to bed for a prolonged period, nine in ten of
them would be thereby raised to a better
standard oi health. He has fonnd thatafter
directing a bowl of bread and milk or a mug
ofbeeranda few crackers, or a s.ucerof
oatmeal and cream before going to bed, for
a few months, a surprising increase iu
weight, strength and general tone has re
sulted. Persons who are too s out and pie
thoric are recommended to folio w an oppo
site course
Typical Voice of America.
Americans, as a people, are criticised re
garding the nasal Intonation and lack of cul
tivation of their voice in conversation. The.
blame is generally placed at the door of the
American climate. With a largo number of
persons of education in the United States,
the manner of speaking is Cultivated and
pleasing, and in Boston where a great deal
of attention is paid to cnlture In all
Dranch.es, the result is noticeable in the
voices of tho community in general. It has
been demonstrated beyond question, that a
course of elocution will produce a cultivated
way of speaking in a pupil whose speech
was formerly nasal and uncultivated, and a
striking result of the effect of training npon
the voices of our people is to be found in the
excellent singers that this country 13 now
producing. A bad style of voice is frequently
created in public schools, where teachers in
f general encourase their pnpils to recite in a
oud tone, instead of low and distinctly.
New Telegraph 3Iachlne.
Anew telegraph machine has been in
vented by Herr Jaite, Dlrectorof Telegraphs
In Berlin. The apparatus contains two electro-magnets,
the one worked by a positive
and the other by a negative currant.
These set in motion a perforator, whereby
holes are pnnched in a tape. The holes, in
stead of consisting of mere dots and dashes,
as In tho Morse system, are so arranged that
enjoining them with lines the letters of the
Roman alphabet are formed. The chief
merit of the machine is said to lie in the ex
traordinary ease with which it can be
worked. It is stated that at a recent trial be
tween the Berlin and Hamburg Stock Ex
changes, a distance of nearly 200 miles, it
was fonnd possible to send from 63 to 85 mes
sages per hour, or from 25 to 33 words per
minute.
XSepnted New rocal Anaesthetic.
It is stated that chloride of ethyl is likely
to come into use as a local anaesthetic. Ie
is a colorless, mobile fluid, having a peculiar
and pleasant odor and a sweetish burning
taste. It is sent out for medicinal use in
hermetically sealed glass tubes containing a
little more than two drachms. When re
quired for use, the point of the tnbe is
snipped off, and the warmth of the opera
tor's hand is ufflcien to cause a very fine
Jet of the chloride to be projected on the
Sart to be anaesthetized. Although it bag
itherto been emploved mainly In dentistry
it possesses qualities which commend its
nse in general surgery.
Tne Steel Lifeboat.
The latest form of lifeboats are bnilt of
steel, and possess the invaluable quality of
being unsinkable and self-righting. The fore
and aft sections of the boat are constructed
In the form of hollow cones, thoroughly air
and water tight, and their peculiar form Im
parts immense strength and rigidity to the
whole struotnre. In an emergency the steel
hoat can be thrown overboard bodily with
out the formality and care attendant on the
use of boat-lowering gear, as, no matter how
the boat alights in the water, it will float on
an even keel and cannot possibly swamp.
Destruction of Torp-do Nets.
Amaohlneto destroy torpedo nets con
sists of a scissors-like arrangement of
knives, which sever the wire meshes and
make an aperture for the entrance of the
torpedo. When officially tested in England
it proved perfectly satisfactory, the great
momentum of the torpedo enabling It to cu
its way through the obstacle without any
apparent retardation of it3 flight, even
when tho net was set at an anile of 45 de
grees. Another invention, which has not,
so far, proved practical, Is to explode a
couple of cartridges against tho net.
A True Philanthropist
A correspondent of a leading dally paper
states, as the result of his investigations of
the subject of getting rid of fleas, that If
those who are troubled with these insects
will place the common adhesive flypaper oa
the floor of the room inrfsted, with a small,
piece of fresh meat in the center of eaon
sheet, they will find that the fleas will Jump
toward the meat and adhere to the paper.
Electricity for Elevated Roads.
The municipal authorities' of Berlin are
considering the question of extending their
elevated road system, both In the city and
the suburbs, and operating It by electricity.
The system will include eight ltnes, making
a total of 35 mile-. It is estimated to cos
not less than $20,000,000.
Incandescent Lamps In Surgery.
A sew form, of miniature Incandescent
lamp is much appreciated by the medical
profession. Its name, the "tongue-depressor
lamp," clearly indicates its use, which ia
to follow the placlngofthetonguedepressor
with a ray of light which Illumines the In
terior of the mouth and throat.
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