BOTH SIDES OF IT, The Causes Which Led Tip to the Chilean War Stated by Eep resentative Partisans. MB. LINCOLN AND THE SOUTH: Cited ly Counsel for the Presidental Gov ernment to Elucidate the Pres ent Situation. .THE CONGRESS AND THE CABINETS. Insurgent Statement as to Balmaccda's Ambition and His Hans to Gratify It 2fEr Toek, Aug. 29. William M-Ivins, counsel for the Chilean Legation, has been authorized to make a statement to the mer chants doing business 'with South America, "From the outset," said Mr. Ivins, "the Chilean insurgents have been very much i such people as Mr. Lincoln described the Southerners to be in his famous Cooper In ' etitute speech. He said that they were holding pistols to our heads and claimed that if we did not throw up our hands we ' would be guilty of murder. This has.been about the position-of the Chilean insurgents 1 from the time that the controversy between themselves and the President first arose. 'President Balmaceda was elected five years ago by the Liberal party, which con sisted of a number of factions which found I a great deal of difficulty in getting together and agreeing upon a candidate. HEADING A DISUNITED PAETY. "Their differences were finally compro imised, President Balmaceda was put in I nomination and elected. Since his election i lie has had eight or nine distinct Cabinets. His first effort was to please the entire Lib eral parry and to insure harmony among the factions. "With this end in view he ap pointed Cabinet after Cabinet, but found it ' impractical to satisfy all the different wings ' of the party. There were in it a number of men who were determined either to rule or i ruin, and who regarded the President as ' their creature, much as some -of our Ameri can bosses are in the habit of regarding i officeholders whom they have assisted as 1 their men. "President Balmaceda is an even-tempered, broad-minded man of great forbear ance and urbanity which is so unusual as to have made ltim remarkable even among his own urbane people. He acquiesced in the : demands of several of the Liberal leaders cs long as it was possible for him to do so coniormaDty witn tne provisions oi tne Uon ftitution. roVEBs or the president. "Now the Chilean Constitution, while it is very largely patterned after our own, is nevertheless distinctly unlike it in several features, and it is equally unlike the En glish Constitution. The President is elected for a term of five years, and has absolute command of the army and navy, as well as the power to nominate his ministers without cny reference to Congress. He may appoint and remove his ministers, as the Constitu-. tionsays, 'at will.' "Notwithstanding the absoluteness of the. power accorded to the President by the let ter of the Constitution, it is true that it has been customary for Chilean Presidents al most from the organization of the Republic to voluntarily remove the Ministry upon a vote of censure or want of confidence. It is equally true, however, that Congress had never captiously and from improper motives determined to avail itself of this extra con stitutional custom for the purpose of com pelling the President to submit to its dic tation. WnERE TirE TEOUBLE BEGAK. "It was at all times within the power of Congress, had any proper reason existed, to have impeached ministers. They did not tee fit to pursue this course, but insisted that the President appoint only such minis ters as were satisfactory to them, and should immediately on a vote of censure being passed, no matter for what cause, remove any existing ministry. President Balma ceda was acquiescent to their demands up to the point where it became evident thattorur ther submit to the Congressional despotism would be i irtually to abdicate his office. It was at this point that serious difficulties be gan. "Congress refused to pass appropriation bills for the army, navy and the civil serv ice, and charged that the President had an official candidate for President whom he was trying to force upon the country. Presi dent Balmaceda, to settle this difficulty, ap vointed the gentleman in question to a cab inent office, thus removing him from the list of candidates TEYI1.G TO UNSEAT BALMACEDA. "Their next important step was to remove the JPrcsident. It so happens that under the Chilean Constitution the President is not subject to impeachment, as in this country, during his term of office. He may be im peached, however, after tho expiration of his term of office and punished if found guilty. Notwithstanding Congress had no power of impeachment, the majority passed a resolution declaring the President's office acant because of his failure to submit to Congressional dictation. "lhen on January 7 came the open rebel lion. The opposition majority in Congress declared itcli to be the Government, went on board a man-of-war with mutinous navy officers and began scouring the coast for a place to land. During this entire contro t eiw a subsidized press had descended to the depths of scurnlitv with attacks upon the President such as tad nc er bclore been Lnown. "Once the navy mutinied it became im peratively necessary to maintain internal order at any price The result was ulti mately much the same as the result in this country during our war the declaration of martial law and the suspension of ordinary judicial writs in certain classes of cases, ihe majority in Congress having disrupted the Government, the President was lett w ithout one of the constitutional branches of Government. Because these members of Congress had themseHts violated the Con stitution, debauched the navy and aban doned their posts, it did not follow that the President should abandon his, but the obligation in him was the greater to remain and protect the internal order and external fcafety of the State." ' THE INSURGENT SIDE. ANOTHEKSTATEMlrTOF THE CAUSES IIICII LED TO WAR UalmaccdH's Ambition the Trouble How lie Sought to Get His Second Term Tho Action of Congress and the Final Break. In connection with the statement which appears above,4the following excerpts from a pamphlet entitled "Exposition ol the H legal Acts of ex-President Balmaceda "Winch Caused the Civil "War in Chile," written by Pedro Jloiitt, confidential a?ent at "Washington of the Constitutional Gov ernment of Chile, are important as giving the insurgent view. TTnder the head of "Chile Until 1890" the author says: The fundamental dispositions that govern the relations between the President and Congress, are the follow ing: 1. The budget or appropriations for carry ing on the Government, and for other pub lic ues, are voted annually by Congress, und no monies can be taken from tho Treas ury m ithout this annual law. I. The taxes aro fixed annually by Con press, and the President is prohibited Irum ordering the collection or re- celving any taxes or Imposts, if not author ized by Congress, for a period not exceeding IS months. 3. Tho forces of the army and navy are fixed by Congress annually, and witaout this law no army or navy can legally exist In Chile. 4. Troops, cannot bo quartered In the place where Congress Is In session, or within SO miles of It, without the special permission of Congress, granted by law every year. 6. The President cannot be impeached dur ing the term of his office, and no order of the President should be obeyed without the signature of a Cabinet Ministor who as sumes tho responsibility, and is impeach able by the House of Representatives before the Senate. OTHER PRESIDENTS GOT AX.OXG. These .fundamental principles were ob served in Chile, without interruption, from 1S33 to 1S90, a space of 57 years. Eleven Presi dents were' elected, and each performed his duties in strict accordance with the Consti tution. It was left to tho present claimant to the Presidental office to break this long and honorable record. Mr. Balmaceda was elected President in 1SS6. and until 1800 his courso was consistent and patriotic. But, intoxicated by the exercise ot power, be was loath to surrender it. As he could not hold office for a second term, he de termined to enjoy all its substantial fruits, by rorclng into the Presidental office a crea ture of his own selection, who would be merely a locum tenens, whilo ho would be tho real President of the Republic and be able to elect himself for the succeeding term. With far-casting diplomacy and in trigue, he put .in operation all the influence of his office and administrative machinery to effect his purpose. The intimato personal friend designed as his successor bad none of tho qualifications necessary for the Presi dency, and his elevation was bitterly com bated by public opinion, and all the prov inces, and both houses of Congress echoed the will of the people. PE03IISED.TO CALL CONGEESS. Xotwithstandingtho denial of the Presi dent, Congress distrustedhls good faith. As a guarantee of it, he was induced, after various conferences with the leading men of the Republic, to appoint a Cabinet in ac cord with public sentiment, and in oppo sition to Presidental intervention in the choice of a new President. This Cabinet was constituted on the 2Jd of October, 1S89, and Congress manifested its satisfaction by passing the appropriation and army bills for the year 1800, as ell as various laws for the general good. But the people w ere not de ceived by the President's professions, and entertained a profound distrust of his sin ofiritnr. Thesfi snsnicions were sncedllv con firmed by Sir. Balmaceda's own iriends,who openly declared that as soon as Congress had passed the appropriation bill the present Congress would be of no furthernse. The Ministry called the attention of the President to the general distrust, and be sought him to assemble Congress Inextrn ordmary session, in order to put an end to popular fears. Mr. Balmaceda accepted this advice with nrmaront nlcasure. and authorized tho Ministers to declare in both Houses the President's solemn promise to call Congress to an extraordinary session in 'the month of April, 1S90, when its members would have returned to the capital from their Bummer vacation; and further, that during that session a new electoral law, made necessary by a change In the Consti tution the year before, afiecting the elec toral basis, established by the provisions of the old law, would be discussed; also, that municipal reform law, so loudly demanded bv tho nubile would be Dresented for con sideration. The head ot the Ministry, Mr. - jsancnez jrontccuia, announced to ooin Houses of Congress the solemn promise of the President. THE PEOM1SE DELIBEBATELYBEOKES'. The appropriation bill and tho army and4, navy dim uaving ueen passed anu approved, popular fears were realized. In January, 1890, the President demanded the resigna tion of the Cabinet; lie closed Congress and appointed new ministers. He tried to win over a majority of Congress to his interests, but failed. Finally, notwithstanding his solemn promise, the President refused to call Congress in extra session in April. From this time forward Mr. Balmaceda marched boldly on in his unconstitu tional and revolutionary career. On the 30th of May he named as chief of the Cabinet the person whose candidacy lor the Presidental chair was one of the causes of the political difficulties. On the 1st of June Congiess met in ordinary session, as required by the Constitution, and immediately passeda vote of censure against the ministers by a large majority in both bouses, but, contrary to unbroken prece dents for 57 years, they refused to surrender office. On the 1st Oi July, the law authoriz ing the collection of taxes expired by con stitutional limitation, and. 15 days before, the House of Representatives had declared it would not re-enact said law unless a min istry was nppolnted In which both Presi dent and Congress had confidence, and which would be a guarantee of the constitu tional regimen. The censured Ministers continued in office, and Congress refnsed to discuss tho revenue measures, and during the entire month of July no taxes or duties were collected in Chile. Tho pnbllo ex penditures were made with surplus funds accumulated in the last years. . THE FINAL ACTS OF BOTH PAETIES. The breach continued to widen, other cab inets were appointed only to resign and at last January, 1891, arrived. The appropria tions for the public expenses and the army and navy bill had expired the day before by the constitutional limitation. As Mr Balmaceda, notwithstanding the reiterated requests of the Conservative Committee, his solemn promise and tho never before in terrupted custom, had not convoked Con gress at an extra session to re-enact these laws for the year of 1891, ho could not constitutionally disburse public moneys nor maintain any military or naval force tor lack of these laws. The President, Mr. Balmaceda, instead of convoking Con gress, as was his duty, issued a proclamation in which ho declared his inability to carry on the Government In accoi dance with the Constitution, and, therefore, by virtue of his on n will, he would hereafter dispose of the public funds and support the army and navy without reference to tho constitution and laws. At this crisis, seeing that the President was bent on an arbitrary dictatorship. Con gress resoU ed to exercise the powers con lerred upon it Dv the Constitution. This in strument provides that whenever the Presi dent is found unfit to discharge the duties of his office by reason of infirmity, absence or other grave causes the Presidental office must bo declared vacant. This it proceeded to do and solemnly ordained that Mr. Jose Manuel Balmaceda had ceased to be Presi dent of Chile. On the morning of January 7, 1891, the people of Valparaiso were surprised to find that the ironclad Blanco Encalada, the Es meralda and other vessels of the navy had disappeared during the night, leaving only the old Peruvian Huascar in the harbor. A manifesto, signed by the Vice President of the Senate and the President of the Cham ber of deputies, s-on threw light upon this strange occurrence, and the war was on. Get in line at hats. Smiley's opening of fine Feom the furniture center of the world, consequently you can depend on our goods. Call and see us. Michigan Fukniidee Co., . . 437 Smithfield street Ladies' white flannel blazers, $1 50, re duced from 54 50, at Bosenbaum & Co.'s. We invite those who which should be found wish in a carpet house to examine the have secured for this season. FURN .RPETS. And you will find prices as low as can be made con sistent with fair dealing and reliable goods. Lowest prices! Latest styles! Terms to suit your individual self PICKER I Cor. Tenth Street TTESTEKN YENNSxXVANlA FAIR. Bednced 'Bates to Washington, Pa, Via Pennsylvania lines Aug. 31 to Sept. 4. Bound trip rate, including admission to fair, -51 60 from Pittsburg. Trains leave Union station, central time, at 6:15, 8:35 A. M., 1:55, 330, 4:50 P. M., and on September 2, 3 and 4 a special will leave at 7:05 A. M. All trains stop right at the fair grounds. Tickets good returning until September 5. WSU The. Wealthy Citlx&s ofThU Country Have nearly aU,la1d the foundation to their fortunes by investments in real estate. The 6ame opportunity still exists and is of fered to everybody who can lay aside a por tion oi his earnings. The Highland Land Company, Lira., of McKeesport, Pa., offer at very low figures and on terms to suit the purchaser the best building lots which are placed on the market anywhere in this county in their Highland. Grove plan. Highland Grove is a suburb of McKees port, with paved streets and all city con veniences. The close proximity to the many new industries now being developed in McKeesport is a guarantee thatreales tate will treble in price within two years. Call on or write to "W. C. Soles & Bro., Agrents, room 2Jb. 1, Bank of McKeesport building; McKeesport, Pa. MWSa Peesoss returning from vacations with improved health and looks should be photo graphed by Dabbs. SOUTHSIDE. EARLY TALL GOODS. Bed Comforts bythe Hundreds. The prices are 75c, z, jSz 12, $1 32, $1 50, $1 62, $1 84, $2 20, 2 65, 4 and $7. About values we have this to say, we purchased at the lowest possible prices, quantity.and cash down being considered. To turn this big comfort stock into money quickly we have marked very close therefore think it to the consumers' interest to favor us with their patronage. Dress Goods Department. Stacks and stacks of New Dress Goods, prices from 8jc to $2 25 a yard. Some elegant goods for school wear. hCuRTAiN Department. We have just put on sale an immense bargain in Curtains full length Curtains sold by tne piece many patterns to-i match at the following prices: One lot at 45c apiece, 5 styles. One lot at 63c apiece, 8 styles. One lot at $1 apiece, 6 styles. This is a rare chance to buy Cur tains cheap. You'll miss it if you don'tbuy now. BERNARDI, SOOTH THIRTEENTH AND CHON STS. N. B. To- reach our store from the heart of the city take south bound cars on Smithfield street, which pass our door. &U30-1M Quality Counts In everything. Tho Dest Is always the cheapest. In advertising In The Dispatch's Cent-a-Word Columns every advertiser gets the best me dium and the lowest price. au2S-117 ESTABLISHED 1861. Eyes "Rynmlned Free. Artificial Eyes Inserted. J. DIAMOND, OPTICIAN, ,2-.! SIXTH ST. de2S-Trsu CARUSS & MANNION. COBRECTING OPTICIANS, '' W iM-FIII AVE. Difficult cases so licited. Consult us first. Prices the lowest. Artificial eyes fitted. mr31-79-TUFSU ITURE. to purchase any article first-class furniture and beautiful goods which we NGJS, and Penn Ave. BUY YOUR OUR GREAT. SPECIAL SALE ENABIES YOU TO BUY Fur and Rlush Garments AT ' MUCH BELOW REGULAR PRICES. Ladies, You Will Save Dollars by Attending This Sale. if . SEAL PLUSH JACKETS. Made of Lister's English Seal Plash, latest shapes, satin lined. Our present price. Eegular price. . 810 00 812 00 . 813 50 814 50 $15 50 816 50 . $18 00 819 50 . $23 00 S 7 60 S865 8 9 00 8 9 75 10 7fi 11 75 $13 50 814 50 818 00 Hundreds of styles of Cloth Jackets from 83 to 818. Seal Seal Plush Keefers, $15, $16 50, $18, to 822. FUR CAPES. Ladies' Fur Capes, latest shapes, high shoulders and high collar. Black French Hare Capes, $4 75, $5 00, (b lb ana up. Black Heal Astrakhan Capes, 813 50, $15 00, 818 00, etc. Kutria Capes, $16 50, $18 50, $20 00. Sealette Capes, 515 00, 818 00, $20 00, 825 00, etc Also many novelties in Beal Grav As trakhan, Knmmer, Gray Fox, Brown iear, Badger, "White Fox, Hudson Bay Beaver, Martin, Skunky Mink, Etc. Astrakhan Combination Capes, $5 00, 86 75, $7 45, $8 50, etc. Come while the stock is unbroken and you will have the choice of the most extensive line jot Winter Garments ever brought to this city. What is more, you will save time and -money by purchasing now. J The balance of our stock of Ladies' Suits is being closed out at less than the cost of material. teiljami$g 510-518 MARKET STREET. i Cent a Word Advertisements may bo Inserted In V CLJ-LLo tho Want, For Sale, To Let, Lost, , Found and Personals In The Dis patch. Sundaystheaamerateapplles. 0f every sort are quickly supplied Payable In advance. au28-117 .when advertised in Thb Dispatch's ' Cent-a-Word' Columns. This price includes Miscellaneous Wants, as well " ' ' as Help Wanted, Situations Wanted, KENSINGTON. BoardersandLodgers Wanted.Agents Wanted, Partners Wantod; Booms To Qpf - ,4 n- q.- Let; Personals; Lost; Found, and Mls- occ Ou PS ceUaneous For Sales. an3VS2 an23-117 KAUFM OPENING OF FALL NECKWEAR Was a decided success,, attended, as it was, by an army-of fashionable dressers of the twin cities. It is now a universally conceded fact that Kaufmanns set the fashion in neckwear hence their styles can always.be relied upon as the "strictly correct thing." The three shapes illustrated above will be the most popular this season. The first two (puffs) are made to represent the bewitching self-tied Ascot, while the third one (teck) is a first-class imitation of a tied Four-in-Hand. These scarfs are made of the celebrated Jasper, Jackard and Vogelsang Silks, Broche Crepes, etc., etc. In colors, the Cornflower Blue, White Heliotrope and "The Beds will have the call. Although prices range from 25c to $1.25, we make, as usual, a special effort in Beautiful Scarfs at 50c. vAt this price we show all different fashionable styles and excellent qualities goods which are superior to any 75o or equal to any $1 scarfs sold elsewhere. KAUFMANNS' FIFTH AVE. AND smv advebtJsements. , new APYERnsEMErra. . , , mew advektiseen HSpIU' FURS NOW No, we don't expect the "weather man" to furnish us with chilly December weather in August. WE'RE ADVERTISING FUR GOODS TO-DAY BECAUSE WE .ARE PREPARED TO OFFER OUR LADY CUSTOMERS AN OPPORTUN ITY TO SECURE THEIR FUR AND PLUSH GARMENTS AT MUCH BE LOW REGULAR PRICES. We placed our order for. these garments before the advance in prices and will share our good fortune with customers. By making a small payment on any Fur or Plush garment you may select we will store it away for you for 60 days without extra charge , Furs and Plushes Will bevery high when the winter season opens and this money-saving opportunity will be appreciated by all ladies who con template buying such garments- 1 SEAL PLUSH SACQUES, Made of Lister's English Seal Plush very fine. Our price Eeally now. worth. $13 95 $18 00 816 50 - - - - - 822 50 818 50 . - - - - $25 00 $19 75 - - - - - $28 50 $22 00 - - - - - $33 00 $25- 00 - - - - $35 00 $29 75 - - - - - 40 00 FUR-TRIMMED JACKETS. All the newest and handsomest styles, 27 to 34 inches long. Trimmed with, Beal Astrakhan collars and four handsome loops, fine cheviot cloth, satin facing, $7 50,' $8 75, $9 75, $10 75, 814 50, $16 75, $18 75. "We show 48 styles of fur-trimmed gar ments for ladies and .misses enongh styles and sizes to snit alL Also a laree assortment of mink-trimmed jackets, 27 to 30 inches long, at attractive prices. , Misses' and children's Fill and "Winter ."Wraps, Jackets, Gretchens, Eta, in great variety. au30-TTSSU ANNS' '-T SMITHFIELD ST. 1 T iil Uin DUU1NU J ! ' jT A , RUBEN'S ppuiinnrp ruiiinr?. NEW FALL DERBY, The Bostonian," HAS JUMPED INTO POPULARITY:. It does not take tho nobby dressers of Pitts burg long to "catch on" to a neat and stylish article of headgear. They further havo the good sense and taste-to rejectthe false, crude and incorrect, which some dealers have from time to time been trying to palm off as "style." Our popular and nnrlvaled factory prices, grading at 81.90, 82.40, 82.90 and 83.40. will, as heretofore, hold full sway, and insure to economic buyers a clean saving on every purchase. RUBEN, The Hatter and Furnisher, 1;-123 SMITHFIELD STBEET. Mail orders promptly.fllled. auS0-3J-wTsu ALASKA XXXX. HIGH GBADE9 OP LADIES' FINE FURS. Eedying of Seal Sacques in English 8eai Color a specialty. I can reshape your Sacque or Cape now better and cheaper than in i'alL I reduced my prices for this month to avoid delay m your work this coming sea sonbring, therefore, your garments forre pairs at once. See my new Princess Cape. WHXIAM GKABOWSKT, Practical Hatter and Furrier, 707 FEOTT AVE., Pittsburg. Mail orders-promptly attended to. au93S-wau A SUEPRISE To Spectacle Wearers Are Chessman's Celebrated $1.00 SPECTACLES. Thousands of people are singing their praises, having secured perfect comfort through their nso. Chessman Optical Co;, N0.42FEDEBAL-ST., Allegheny. Artificial eye wearers ore appreciating-the fact that better satisfaction is given at Chessman's than they ever had before. au2S-rur3u 32pfea.HERBERT WALKER j!Uamp ABTIFICIAL EYE -rtfSgif MAILER,' 3-?&Cr M Nlnth Street The only manufacturer of artificial human, eyes in tho city. mylO-au FEICK BROS., 21 SIXTH ST. SURGICAL INSTRUMENT ESTABLISHMENT. Specialties: Scientific fitting of TRUSSES, appliances for DEFORMITY and ASTIFI. CIAL LIMBS. Largest stock, of surgical instruments in Western Pennsylvania. Large illustrated catalogue free to mhiS-bTrssn physicians. FOR FALL! NEW THINGS LADIES' Among the many advance Fall and Winter Styles now displayed in Kauf manns' Cloak Department, the follow ing few attract special notice: Medium weight Military Capes, 40 inches long, in fine broadcloth, gray, tan, navy and black, and tastefully em broidered, price .$12. Fine Cheviot, Vicuna and Camel's Hair Cloth Beefers and Skirt Jackets; also the new and elegant Combination Skirt Jacket with reeier front, in tan, gray and black, prices 55 to 516. Exquisite and rich Fur-Trimmed Jack ets genuine Astrakhan, Mink, Marten, Seal, etc. from J8 to 535. MisseB' and Children's Reefers in Chev iots, Beavers, Vicunas and fancy cloak ing!, 4 to 18 years, Irom 52.50 to 510. I An Immense line of very ' ' latest Military Capes in i . all the newest and finest fabrics, beautifully embroidered and trimmed with fur or feathers; prices 520 to 575. Your inspection invited. HP1 will JACKETS anl GAPES KAUFMANNS, Fifth Ave. and Smithfield St. anSO-103 Dunivinn Ld rfliLunL W1IS' ENTERPRISE MAKE CHEa?SHOES FOB THE PEOPLE OF PITTSBOBG. THE BANKRUPT SALE OF THE SHOES BOUGHT BY KAUFMANNS AT THESHEHFFS SALE LAST WEEK OF W. E. SCHMERTZ & CO., TO COMMENCE NEXT TDESDAT AT 9 O-'CLDCK At the SlferifFs-Sale held' last weekof the-stock of the defnnct firm -of W. E. Schmertz & Co., 43 Fiftkave Pitts burg, we were, as is -a well-known fact; THE HEAVIEST BUYERS. As a rule WC don't, approve of purchasing bankrupt stocks, because the goods offered at sheriffs sale are not always the most de sirable. In this-case,.however, owing to the unquestionable reputation always and justly enjoyed by the house-of W. E. Schmertz &'Co. for handling none but thoroughly reliable and solid footwear, we -made an -exception to the rule -and bought extensively. The well-known, quality of the -goods attracted -nearly all the shoe dealers of Pittsburg and Alle gheny to the Sheriffs Sale, but we bought more than all others combined. This fact is more than likely accounted for by "the condition of sale, viz: Large Lots and Spot Cash. Arrangements for a quick disposal of these goods to our patrons are being pushed forward with the greatest possible speed, but, owing to the immense quanti ty of the goods to be handled, checked, and marked, we will not be ready for the sale until Tuesday. The very low figures at which the -goods were "knocked down" to us at the Sheriffs Sale place us in a position to sell them af and for less than half regular prices. In other words, we will sell you two and, in some instances, three pairs of shoes at the price of) one pair. ' if Now, remember, the sale will conT mence Tuesday, September 1, at o'clock. If you are wise, you will be on hand early, while the lines are completed - fi and the sizes unbroken. KAUFMANNSj Fifth Ave. and -AND- Smithfield SU A auso-ioi " s - v