H9HBbttfl
BT "yfff?ffiKBK'v r'".-'WJ.JBl!M,Uiiai
Sl - InCAl Estate Sellers Get their i ' 4KV V5l 'JlT'
W l CM L. Best payers throngh THE "" A - -flL N 4m
E DISPATCH. Investors Everywhere I IS I I m "
c fi rrad It. Bargain Hunters rely on It flVl I 1,;
v g for offerings. The best Medium. 'JfcJ'lJtv, IBP T
FORTY -SIXTH YEAR
The "Wicked lobbyists Cease
to Trouble and Veary
Solons Are at Best.
END OF THE LEGISLATUBE.
Comprehensive Eeview of the
Things Done and Left Undone
During the Long Session.
ACTION OX THE PARTI PLEDGES.
Eeasons for the Failure of All the Meas
ures Intended to Regulate and
Curb the Corporations.
SUCCESS OF THE ALLEGHENY. MEMBERS.
Any Knmber of Bills TVhich Must Etill Ran the
GwmUet of Governor Partisan's TVIUing
aai Watchful VctJ Ax.
THE CIOSETO ECESES Bf HOUSE AKD EETATE
ITitoMA staff coanESroxnEXT.l
Haemsbueo, May 2S. When thegavels
fell at noon to-day the session of the Legis
lature for 1891 ended. The members, who,
for nearly five months, have been talking
and voting, and sometimes dodging, go back
to their constituents and their work, or what
the Governor leaves of it when he has gone
over it and pruned its luxuriance with his
veto ax, goes before the people for their
verdict.
It has not been a very exciting session.
There have been few very interesting de
bates, no particularly bitter contests, and
the proceedings from start to finish have
been rather of a "go-as-you-please" order.
More than any Legislature that has as
sembled here within the past 23 years, the
one just adjourned has been free from con
trol or dictation. Its members have been
left practically free to work ont their own
will andjudgnent, and if their work is not
satisfactory to the people, upon the Legisla
ture and not upon the "boss" must the
blame be placed. There was an excellent
chance this session to make a good record
upon some questions of deep importance to
the Commonwealth, and if it has not been
taken advantage of the fact only proves that
the Legislature was not equal to the occa
sion and the opportunities within its grasp.
An Opportunity That "Was Not Improved.
So far as protecting the people against
the exactions and encroachments of corpora
tions enters into the consideration of this
question, it must be said that the opportunity
was not improved. The Burdick bill, which
would have tested the question as to how
far the State can regulate and control the
corporations it has created, and the anti
discrimination bill, a measure to enforce the
plainest provisions of the organic law, were
both defeated.
And yet there are circumstances in con
nection with the failure of both these meas
ures which may possibly extenuate in some
degree the action of the Legislature. .From
the defeat of the Billingsley bill in IBS?
there had been little, if any, agitation over
the principle embodied in that measure. It
did not enter directly into last fall's cam
paign, nor was it laid down in any party
platform. The Burdick bill was introduced
this session without any notice of its com
ing, and there certainly had been no great
popular agitation of which it was the out
growth. The members were suddenly called to act
upon a question which many of them had
brought to their attention for the first time,
and the very great divergence of opinion
upon the bill among those directly inter
ested, a condition of affairs which did not
exist when the Billingsley bill was up four
years ago, afforded many of them what
seemed good grounds for voting against it.
Though these facts may not wholly excuse
their action, they at least had their influ
ence in bringing it about.
Indifference of the People.
Neither is the Legislature alone to blame
for the defeat of anti-discrimination. Since
the failure to keep the promises made on
this question in 1S8G, the people seem to
have grown comparatively indifferent. This
indifference not unnaturally led members to
believe that their constituents cared very
little whether anything was done to enforce
the provisions of the Constitution. A Legis
lature which keeps squarely abreast of pub
lic sentiment is somewhat of a rarity. It is
too much, perhaps, to ask for one which
keeps in advance of it.
The question upon which the only real in
terest of the session was centered was that
of tax equalization. It is unnecessary to
enter into the details of the contest over the
Taggart tax bill. Although based upon what
is doubtless the true principle, it is a ques
tion whether, without thorough revision and
modification, it w ould have worked satis
factorily had it paesed. It was framed by
men who wanted to reform everything all at
once, and who burdened it with unnecessary
provisions, -nbich gao its enemies a club
with which to beat out its brains. The Boyer
bill, substituted for it, will afford consider
able relief to local taxation and will bo ac
cepted, as was said by members of both
Houses when voting for it, bj- the country
districts as a step toward equalization of
taxes, but it only postpones the flght for the
principle for which they contend the taxa
tion of all properties for all purposes.
A Substantial Fulfillment of Fledges.
The Boyer bill, however, may be claimed
to be a substantial fulfillment of the pledges
of the Republican platform relative to tax
equalization. That declaration promised
increased appropriations for public schools,
and $10,000,000 for the next tw o years, an in
crease or$6,000,000, may not unreasonably bo
claimed to carry out this pledge. Senator
Bobbin's bill requiring the State to pay the
several counties $1 25 per week for the sup
port of each indigent insane person in county
almshouses is a practical keeping of another
platform promise, while the amounts re
turned to the county treasuries from liquor
licenses and the 3 mills to bo retained from
the 4 mills tax on money at interest will, in
all probability, fully cover the Jail and jury
expenses and thus fulfill that promise.
The appropriations for roads necessarily
fell -with the veto of the road bill. In order
to meet these increased appropriations the
platform declared that, if necessary, the tax
on corporations and money at interest would
be increased. An increase of 33 per cent on
the latter, and CG per cent on corporations is
the response to this plank. The .Republican
members are generally satisfied with the
result, and asert that their constituents will
Indorse their action on these questions.
The struggle over the Baker ballot reform
bill, to speak plainlvand candidly, has been
largely a combination of burlesque and bun
NO MORE LAWS
OW
. -,. lhrA jaJ. ,.-.-. - . - i- T V "T7-T iiiTIBWr"- I ' - n "ili, ' :. JXi
combe. A few members, and a very few
indcod, of bch Houses, sincerely favored
tua Australian ballot system, but the great
tho present system, had little If any demand
from their constituents for a change, did
not believe in the ballot bill and didn't want
it. It Is only stating a plain, unvarnished
fact to say that, outside of the newspapers
there has beon little agitation for this bill.
Tho country districts certainly have not
asked for it It is a question, whether one
voter out of every BOO in tho. State knew
what changes the bill would work. Half the
members of both branches could not have
explained its provisions.
A Senator's isldlcnlous Amendment.
A Senator who had sat and heard the bill
debated for a week, moved the other day to
decrease the number of booths, or compart
ments whoro the voter is to go into
to make up his ticket, and which
arc only intended to hold two per
sons, gravely arguing that the booths could
just as Voll as npt be made large enough to
nolo, 80 as 8 voters. If both parties bad not
pledged themselves to ballot reform, it is
doubtful whether the Baker bill would have
got a corporal's guard of votes In the House.
But tho parties were pledged, and something
must be done.
Tho Republican party, in 'keeping its
pledge, very naturally tried to do it in such
a way as would best protect its own inter
ests. The Democrats, just as naturally, were
on the watch for a chanco to make political
capital out of whatever action tho Republi
can party might take. This may not be ex
actly ideal statesmanship, but it was the
case. Just the same. The two parties occu
pied practically the same position on the
question of calling a Constitutional Conven
tion. Neither party believes that the people
really desire one, and the bill to call a con
vention submits the question to them at the
polls.
Whether the Republican party has kept
faith on ballot reform is a question over
which there will be endless dispute. Its
representatives hero argue thatthe fact that
the Democrats, at the dictation of a member
of Mr. Pattison's Cabinet, wore anxious to
accept even the bill which came from the
Senato bars them from crying down the
much-superior measure which came from
the conference committee last night.
A Variety of Insurance Bills.
Nearly 60 insurance bills have been intro
duced this session, but only nine or ten have
reached the Governor. Oncof the most im
portant of these is the Skinner bill, which
provides that foreign casualty insurance
companies shall only bo permitted to do
business in this State, when tho Superin
tendent of Insurance in the State where
their home office is located shall have certi
fied to the Superintendent of Insurance of
Pennsylvania that the company has de
posited with him securities to the value of
$200,000, to be held by him absolutely for the
security of policy holders. The same amount
must bo deposited for every branch of busi
ness in which the company is engaged. -Tho
bill prescribing a uniform policy of insur
ance to be issued by all insurance com
panies taking fire risks on property has been
Mgneu oy iae uovernor, as were mose regu
lating the issuing of policies of Insurance
and certificates of inspection made by steam,
boiler insurance companies, and allowing
fire and marine insurancecompanies to in
crease their capital stock.
Tho Lytle insurance bill, which caused so
great a commotion, failed in the Senate. All
tho bills against bond investment companies
and fraternal societies are dead.
Xabor legislation had a rather hard row to
hoe. Tho anthracite dockage bill, the check
welehman bill and the bituminous mine
commission bill passed the House, but were
negatived In Senate committee. Jones' em
ployers' liability bill was defeated in the
House. The anthracite bill passed after bo
Lag materially amended. The store order
bin and the two weeks' pay bill passed
nnany, ana ine uovernor nas signed tne
latter.
Wages Paid Every Two Weeks.
It requires payment of wages of persons
employed in mining or manufacturing upon
the first and fifteenth of each month, and
the refusal by an employer to do so Is mado
a misdemeanor, punishable by a fine of $200.
Mo assignment of future, wages iy.an em.
ploye, nor -any agreement which relieves
employers from, the obligations to pay semi
monthly, and in lawful money, shall be
valid. It is made the duty of the Faotory
Insiector to bring action in -the
name of tho Commonwealth" for viola
tions of this law. The store order bill, intro
duced by Senator Robbins,of Westmoreland,
prohibits mining and manufacturing cor
porations from engaging in mercantile busi
ness, and from erecting any building and
leasing it to anyone in their employ to be
used for that purpose.
The bill to provide additional factory in
spectors fell last night. The Jpnes' con
spiracy bill passed finally. Under its pro
visions there can be no conspiracy by em
ployes in furtherance of trade disputes
unless felonies are committed. Only overt
acts, or the use of force, are permissible under
its provisions, and only those actually com
mitting these aots, or using force, come
under the penalties of the tiiU, and each
offender is entitled to a separate trial.
There have been a great many attempts to
tinker with the license question, but until
Senator Henninger's bill amending the
Brooks' law went through with a rush with
the license fees in cities of the first and
second classes increased to $1,000 nothing
had been accomplished. The Franklin bill,
fixing the license fee in cities of the third
class at $300, and allowing bondsmen to be
taken from any part of the county, was
knocked out, as was Senator Heck's bill
grading the number of licenses issued upon
tho basis of one for every 700 population.
The Brooks wholesale license bill, passed
finally the last night of tho session, has
already been given in detail. Sena tor eeb's
bill allowing bondsmen to be taken from the
county at largo passed this morning. This
is the only crumb of comfort tho liquor men
have got from this Legislature.
Work of Commissions Wasted.
Commission bills had hard luck; Tho
road law, poor law, revenuo bill and bitum
inous mining bill, all the work of costly
commissions, fell by the wayside. The an
thracite mining bill was the only commis
sion uui wmcu passeu doiu nouses.
Amomr the rcneral measures ruissnri -h-cta
bills creating a commission for the tiromc
tion of uniiormity of legislation in the
United States; prohibiting unlicensed per
sons from hawking, peddling or vending
fish, fruit or vegetables in cities of, the first
class; authorizing notaries public to take
acknowledgement of certificates of associa
tion or nrticlos of incorporation with like
effect as though acknowledged and sworn to
beiorothe Recorder of Deeds; prohibiting
the catching of pike or pickerel between
February 1 and June 1 of any yean requir
ing clerks of county commissioners to take
the oath of office required by the Constitu
tion in the cose of other officers; requiring
school directors to be sworn or affirmed be
fore entering upon their duties; authoriz
ing grants and conveyances by mar
ried women who nre trustees; mak
ing New Tear's Day, Februarv 22,
uooa inaay, .Memorial nay, jfourth
'ofj uly. Labor Day, Christmas and everv Sat
urday after 12 o'clock noon, from June 15 to
aepiemDer ia, legal nouuays; providing that
claims for wages shall be preferred and
paid first out of the proceeds of tho sales of
property oi insolvent aeutors; allowing
boroughs to manufacture electricity for the
supply and use of the Inhabitants thereof;
appropriating $100,000 for monuments to
Meade, Reynolds and Hancock at Gettys
burg; amending the chattel niortgago net so
as to include boilers, engines, oil, gas and
artesian well supplies, crude or refined oil in
tanks, reervoirs or barrels, slate, asphaltum
blocks and manufactured cement in barrols,
bags or bins; making tho wilful and
malicious wrecking of trains whereby life is
destroyed murder; requiring the plugging of
abandoned oil or gas wells so to prevent the
escape of water unfit for use for domestic,
steam or manufacturing purposes.
Waiting the Governor's Signature.
The bills above named have nearly all
been signed by the Governor. The great
mass of legislation, however, went through
in the last week of the session, and yet
awaits executive action.
The Allegheny delegations in both Houses
took no unimportant part in legislation.
Senator Flinn's street bills have been so
thoroughly discussed that further reference
to them is unnecessary. Among other bills
which he succeeded in passing are the two
wharf bills, the bills defining the duties of
police magistrates, that prohibiting the
smoke nuisance and the bul providing for
the sale or lease of street passenger railway
property and franchises toinotor power com
panies. Senator Xeeb had rare success for a new
member. Of the 17 bills introduced by him
15 got through the Senate. "These were
the repeal of the Jefferson township
prohibitory acjt; allowing the sale of
soda water in Sunday; making eight
hours a day's work in penal Institutions:
fixing the ratio of representatives in Coun-
Juaaaifelt
cils of cities of the second class; charging
street car companies vehicle licenses for
cars for use on Btreets In cities of tha eeoond
class; am
coroners:
dent ireenoiacrs netmnrvinir
dation of boroughs and towmhins from one'
half to two-thirds: abolishing the office of
poor director In cities of thi second class;
prohibiting the impairment of contracts
under tho mechanics' lien law; .allowing,
constables 50 cents for each visit to saloons
under the Brooks' law; authorizing the in
corporation of distillery companies: the
Morrison Foster appropriation, and regulat
ing the sales of baking -powder. His bill re
quiring exeoutions to take place in the pen
itentiaries and that authorizing the selling
of pools were defeated.
Success of Other Allegheny members.
Senator Uppennan introduced the two
bills prepared by Chief Brown; one relating
to the cremation of human bodies, the
other for the better protection of the public
health by regulating the manner of the
burial of persons dying from contagious
diseases.
Senator Steel introduced several bills,
among them those requiring the bonds of
tax collectors in Allegheny county to be
made to the County Commissioners instead
of the County Treasurer; permitting women
to serve as notaries public, and prohibiting
mo placing oi carcasses oi aeau. animais in
streams furnishing water supplies.
In the House Mr. Lemon got'through aH
his Allegheny county appropriations. They
were those tor the Mercy Hospital, West
Penn Hospital, Homeopathic Hospital, Bo
thesda Ilome and the State Board of Health.
Mr. Cotton got through his appropriation
for the Southslde Hospital and his bill mak
ing the misappropriation of funds of unin
corporated asoociatlons by the officers
tnereor embezzlement. lie had also onargo
in the House of the Pittsburg street bills.
Mr. Marshall got through the appropria
tions for tho Children's Aid Society, Alle
gheny Home for the Friendless, Pittsburg
Newsboys' Home and the Home of Ladies of
theG.A.R. He also introduced the $850,000
appropriation for the indigent insane and
the eight-hour bill for penal institutions.
Mr. McCullocgh succeeded in passing his
bills to establish more uniform game laws;
giving street railway companies authority
iu unuge streams; providing penaiiietf lur
the violation
pharmacy act:
oi tne nrst section oi iue
defining the competency of
husbands and wives as witnesses:
ssscs; proviuiug
for the protection of persons alleged to be
lunatics. He also hud chanre of the road
bill.
A Number of Eocal Appropriations.
Ex-Speaker Graham got through finally
two bills, making appropriations to the
Western Penitentiary, one for Morganza,
one for tho Allegheny General Hospital and
one for the Allegheny Home for Destitute
Colored Children. He also introduced in
the House the bill fixing the ratio of repre
sentation in councils of cities of tho second
class.
Mr. Jones made an enviable reputation on
his fight for the employers' liability bill.
Although defeated, he set a great many to
thinking on this question. His conspiracy
bill had an eventful career. It was de
feated in the House, reconsidered ,and-
passeu. xne aenaie i;ommiiiee uui, iu uii
amendment which virtually killed it, but it
was stricken out on the floor, and then
passed finally with flying colors. It is now
in the hands of the Governor, with his other
bill making boisterous disturbance of the
peace in townships a misdemeanor.
Mr. S. E. Stewart secured an appropriation
for the Western Pennsylvania Deaf and
Dumb Institute at Wilkinsburg, and had
charge of a number of Senate bills which
went tnrougn.
"Mr. Rynd introduced the Kirk road bill
and anumberof othcrmeasures, all of which,
however, with the exceptions of the me
chanics' Hen bill, for which he had a similar
Senate bill substituted, failed of passage.
Dr. Kroesen introduced a bill to provido
that the rales of evidence in equity proceed
ings shall bo tho same a3 those at law, and
the answer of the defendants shall have no
other or greater effect than a -counter state
ment at law verified by affidavit, but it did
not get through. Hejbt Haix.
WALLER WILL STICK.
ANOTHER PBETTr FIGHT THE COURTS
WELL HATE TO SETTLE.
The Senate Befoses to Confirm Pattison's
Eleventh-Hour Appointment That
Body- Also .Kills the Factory Inspector
BUL.
Hakhisbuho, May 23. The closing hours of
the Senate were made interesting by a hot
debate between the leaders of the two
parties, Senators Ross and Gobin, over the
question of confirming the nominations sent
in by the Governor last night for State Su
perintendent of Instruction and Factory In
spector. Senator Ross defended tho admin
istration, arguing that even after a nomina
tion had been sent in and confirmed by the
Senate, the Governor may, at his
option, withhold the commission. In
support of this position, he quoted
Chief Justice Mercur in the case of
Lane versus Commonwealth, 103 Pennsyl
vania, 485, wherein it is laid down that "until
the Governor executes the commission the
appointment is not made." The course
taken by the Governor has been manly and
honorable. He might have waited until the
adjournment of the Senate and then ap
pointed, but knowing that he was in the
exercise of his right, ho had sent these
names to tho Senate for confirmation, ex-
Scoting that they will perform their plain
uty.
Senator Gobin took the position that the
Superintendent of Public Instruction can
not be removed except to fill a vacancy
caused by death, expiration of tho term, or
by impeachment. There is a constitutional
inhibition to this effect. He took a similar
position with respect to the appointment ot
a Factory Inspector.
Charged With Broken Faith.
Senator Robinson said he loved Demo
crats oennnally, but hated them as a nartv.
and hated their record? and their political
perfidy. Tho Democratic Senators knew
that they had an agreement with the Re
publicans on this matter, and they knew
they had broken it. But it was not the first
time Democratic paper had gone to protest.
Their course now had been dictated by the
enmn masterful bolitical and Jesuitical
control wbioh dominated the administration-
. .
Thn trpfis and navs were called on the nnpo.
tionol confirmation of Dr. Snyder, as State
Superintendent, and Bobert Watchom, as
Factory Inspector, and theSenatc,byastriot
party vote, refused to confirm. Immediately
after the Senato bill to increase the number
of deputy factory inspectors came over from
the House with amendments. Sen'ator Flinn
said that, in view oi tho action of the Gov
ernor in removing the Republican Factory
Inspector, the Republicans in the 'Senate
should defeat the bilL Senator Porter, of
Philadelphia, agreed with Mr. Flinn, assert
ing that the bill had passed the House
through an agreement with its friends, and
tnat tney jiuu xuiicu iu jicep meir contract.
Tho agreement referred to was the deal be
tween its supporters and the friends of the
J udges retirement bill.
Couldn't Deliver the Goods.
Both measures were defeated in the clos
ing hours of the House session, but a trade
was made between the friends of both,
which resulted in their reconsideration.
The supporters of the judges bill carried out
their part of it andpas8ed the factory bill,
but the other side couldn't deliver tho goods
and the former measuro was again snowed
under. The Senate agreed with Mr. Flinn
on the yeas and nays being called. The fao
tory bill was indefinitely postponed by a
State Superintendent Waller will decline
to yield his office to the Governor's ap-
fiolntee, and the matter will doubtless go to
he courts for settlement. Section 4, article
6, of the Constitution, says: "Appointed offi
cers, other than Judges ot the courts of
record and the Superintendent of Public In
struction, maybe removed at the pleasure
of the power by whioh they shall have been
appointed."
Section 8, article i, empowers the Governor
to fill any vacancy that may happen during
the recess of the Senate, in the office oi
Auditor General, State Treasurer, Secretary
of Internal Affairs, or Superintendent of
Public Instruction."
The Republican position is that as Mr.
Waller was appointed by Governor Beaver
and confirmed by the Senate he cannot be
removed, and therefore there is no vacancy
tho Governor can appoint to. The Re
publican Senators are very sore over tho
situation, and their view of tho whole mat
ter was very succinctly stated by one of
their nunibor to-day, when he said:' "The
Governor has played us for suckers the
whole session." '
DIED IN CONPEBEHCE.
The Senatorial Apportionment BUI Killed
Through Disagreement.
Hamusbubq, May 28. Whatever the fate of
Continued on Sixth Page,
td 3
.-- .'
tV.
raping
PITTSBURG-, FRIDAY, &A.Y 29, 1891.
AMYOLUTMIflWAR
To Be Attained'by a Practical Yankee
Inventor's Mammoth Kite.
SIZE, P0WE1 AND SPEED SECURED.
These Were the Difficulties in tha
of a Flying Machine.
Way
IT WILL DROP DIJf AMITE ONANENEMT
rSrECIALTELEanAMTOTIIE DISPATCH.
New York, May 2a A heavily built but
short and muscular man sat beside a table
in the Murray Hill Hotel talking to a re
porter to-day. He is one of the greatest men
of tho age, and if what he was talking about
comes true, it will be difficult to see why he
will not be regaded.&i the greatest man of
his time. He Is 'Hiram S. Maxim, tho in
ventor, the head of the great gunmaking
house of Maxim & Nordenfeldt, the electri
cian, the Yankee who has gone abroad and
built works In half a dozen countries, one of
them all but. rivalling the great works of
Krupp. "'
He is beyond 50 years of age, 'white
bearded and with only a shading of dark in
his white hair, slightly deaf, still carrying
hints of his Connoctlcutoriginlnhis speech.
He has made his own fortune, and a princely
one. While he has traveled about taking
orders for guns in Italy, Russia, Spain,
France and England, something entirely
different has been turning over and over in
his mind during the last two or three years.
This is his experimental flying machine,
with which he expects not only to revolu
tionize warfare, but communication be
tween the nations of the earth; to alter
man's relations with man In a thousand re
spects, in short.
A Huge Kite of Silk.
He tells in his own way how he conducted
the experiments that have led up to the
building of the machine which now awaits
his return to Englandbeforo it shall be actu
ally tried. But as his language is more or
less technical It may be best to say in a few
words that it is simply a flying machine
upon which he has been at work. Inform
the machine is a huge kito of silk, to which
will be hung a platform carrying the engines
and the screw propellers, which they are to
move and which are to force the kite through
the air. He believes that ho has mastered
the secret of imitating the action of birds in
tho air, and unlike most men who have in
terested themselves in. the study he is an
eminently practical, hard-headed Yankeo, in
this world to do something and to get money
for it. He is no dreamer.
He expects his machine to make 100 miles .
an hour or better, and to carry great loads
of whatever you please, passengers or
freight in peaceful times, or dynamite to
pepper the inhabitants and works of an
enemy in time of war. He has gone at the
business scientifically, and in cold blood,
figuring every step with pencil and paper,
takine nothing for granted, and always
reckoning on unseen and unthought ofj
luuuiuuuus ujub luuy uuauuvbuiicwiu' .
success.
He has invented guns that will automati
cally load and fire 1,000 shots by machinery
set in motion by the mere kicking or recoil
of the explosions. He knew what difficul
ties lie In the path of successful invention.
The Problem to Be Solved.
"The question governing the problem of
flying has always been how to get a mini
mum of weight and maximum of forco or
power," said he. "You know that. For a
long time the amount of strength or power
exerted by birds in their flight has been
more or less ridiculously estimated.
Two centuries ago a French mathe
matician calculated that a goose In flying
exerted a force of 200-horse power. Atter
ward another French mathematician proved
tho goose's force to be 100-horse power; still
another estimated it at 10-horso .power, and
finally the last of his race made the calcula
tion, at 'one-twentieth of a horse 'power,
which Is nearer the trnthr", ,
. "Richard A. Proctor discussed the science
of the art of flying in a thorough manner,'
wnicn arouseu a great ucai oi comment. De
cause he bolievea that the force exerted by
birds was much less than others had at
tempted to prove it. In Florida, after a care
ful study of the turkey buzzard, ho again
wroto a treatise, in which ho went on to
prove that the actual amount of force re
quired was far less than had been supposed,
and in which he said that tho flight of the
buzzard could not be accounted for on any
other hypothesis. Prof. Langley, of the
Smithsonian Institution, in Washington,
tried a series of experiments with elaborate
apparatus, and proved that- as much as 250
pounds could he lifted at the expense of One
horse power. Any observant person, or any
thoughtful one, must admit that the esti
mates tkat have been made Of the strength
exerted by birds must be ridiculous, for it
can't be possible that a bird exerts more
strength In flying than Is required by a Jack
rabbit in running up a bill. You observe
that is all purely th eoreticaL Thus far tb ere
has been nothing given out to the world
urlon the subject that has not been theoret
ical. Hired a Park for Experiments.
"I began two years ago to experiment for
the production of a flying machine. I hired
a large park at Begley, in Kent. I have up an
enormous wooden shed andprovided myself
with every requirement for conducting my
experiments. Those were not in the realm
of ballooning, but were on tho mo-plane
system to propel a piano set at an angle, so
as to ride upon the air as fast as the air
yields, and so to keep up an approximately
level course.
"I put up a steel column, like an upright
post with a long wooden arm arranged to
rotate on top ot the column an arm riveted,
fixed to the column, simply-to swing around
and long enough to describe a circle ex
actly 200 feet in circumforence. This arm
was stayed In every direction so as to be
perfectly stiff, and it was as sharp as a
knife, so as to offer very little resistance to
the air. To the end of this arm I attached
arranged in such a manner that power could
be transmitted to tho machine through the
post and arm.
"The machine had a steel shaft that could
bo rotated at any speed, and was also pro
vided with p dynamo meter or instrument
for measuring force. To this shaft of the
flying machine were attached various kinds
or propeller screws one at a time which
caused it to be rotated at various speeds. The
apparatus, when complete, was arranged to"
correctly indicate -the number of turns per
rhlnute, the actual push or propelling force
of the screw and the slip of the screw. When
the arm was allowed to free and the screw
was rotated at a high rate of speed, the
flying machine would travel at from 30 to 80
miles an nour.
How the Power Is Acquired.
"The machine was also provided with a
system of levers similar to those used in or
dinary druggists' scales, and to this was at
tached planes, generally made of wood and
arranged in such a manner (that they could
be placed at any angle above the horizontal.
By carefully measuring the power re
quired for a certain speed without any
planes-attached, and then attaching the
piano and running tho machine at exactly
the same speed, the difference in the force
required lor Dotn operations indicated the
actual force required to propel the plane.
"In these experiments it was found that
with every pound of push given by the
screw 14 pounds could be carried, by the
plane. Tho skin friction on tho screw and
on tho plane was so small as to be inappreci
able; it was nothing like tho friction of a
screw in tho water. With the angle of 1 in
14 everything ran smoothly, and experi
ments were tried with all speeds between
20 miles end 90 miles an hour Theso experi
ments proved that nearly as much as 133
pounds can be carried with the expense of
one-horse power. These are tho data I per
sonally obtained, and which I know to be
true, They do not depend on theory at all.
Tho small planes experimented with woio
from 2 feet to 13 feet long and from 6 inches
to 4 feet wide. Fifty different kinds of,
screws or screw propellers were used in con
ducting theso experiments."
These results having been obtained in thp
manner Maxim describes, he -was ready to
begin tho construction of the actual flying
machine. It will bo seen that he made a
very large one. Hedid so because, he says,
he has satisfied himself thatthe great fault
with previous experiments has been that
tholnvcntors have mado small machines to
bo run with slight force at slow speed.
Features Which Are Necessary.
Size, power and speed, he is convinced, are
necessary to the proper trial of all reason
able experiments looking toward 'mechan
ical flight. He found that it was nccessarj
tomakoomaehlnn oniiTro that, the weight
of one or two men carried by it should prove
'My large apparatus," Mr. Maxim contin
ued ''is provided withaplaneUO feet long
and ) feet wide, made of a frame of steel
tubes covered with silk "Other smaller
planes attached to this make up a surface of
6,500 square feet. There is one great central
piano, apd to this aro hinged various other
planes, ery much smaller, which are used
for keerang the equilibrium correct and for
keeplngjlie flyingmachlne at a fixed angle In
the airTarhe whole apparatus, including the
steertpgyear, is 145 feet long. Themachineis
provided; with two compound engines, each
weighing 300 pounds. The steam generator
weighs-350 Bounds- The other things, tho
casings hbout the generator, the pump, the
thesh
tning viiiiamarkabrv liffht
light that one great bar In a boiler that gen
erates a? much steam as mine would weigh
more than my whole boiler. It is made of
copperknd steol, brazed with silver solder.
There aVo 13,000 brazed loints in the genera-
, i . . ... r...- mf i.....
don'tltibk a dnnn
"Th6jnost novel feature about the engine
is the system by whiehl burn petroleum and
generate steam. Petroleum is turned Into
gas, ana then that is burned for generating
steam. The engines have lately been tried,
and it yna found that they gave a push of
iLOOO pounds on tho machine, which seems to
Indicate that the machine will carry 14,000
pounds; "The actual amount of power shown
in usefafeffect upon the machine itself was
120-horse power. A part of the aeo-plane, or
actual kite, is made of very thin metal and
serves as a very efficient condenser for the
steam.''
It Looks Like a Kite.
"Yon call It a kite does it looklike one!"
the reporter inquired.
"Very much llko a kite," said he; "indeed
that lsp what it is, a huge kite, with the ma
chinery hanging beneath it from its under
side. Jf! were in the air in flight you would
see a great sheet of silt and a little platform,
under it, between it and the earth."
"Wellr what thent" the reporter asked,
simply to urge the inventor onward. -
"Why, then, if tho thing works and I
thinkenoughof it to have spent $45,000 on it
I oni going to take a great package of
Btrawjtahd label it dynamite, and drop it
into Woolwich Dockyard or on' the roof of
tne nouse oi 1'ariiamenc, ana men go to tne
British Government and ask for an order to
make a lot of them."
'JHow; far will it go how much fuel can it
carry!'".
"If it
Droves as I figured it. there should be
room lor iuei to carry ic j,imj mues; laueeu,
it looks as If it might carry two tons of fuel
or sufficient to propel it across the ocean.
But I cannot tell about that; a trial alone
will determine what unforseen things wfil
arise. It will be possible to burn 200 pounds
of fuel an hour, but I figure that 4o or 50
pounds will produce a moderate speed, or
high speed 100 pounds. The highest speed
I got on the small machine was SO miles an
hour, but I bellevo this big one will go 100
miles an hour. It is easily steered and it can
be managed so that it willdescendgradually'
and gracefully."
"We will have to msko roofs of armor plate
on our houses, will we nott"
"No, there will be no way to guard against
it. Itwilldropatonofnitro-glycerine Into
a place and you can't stop it. It will go into
an enemy's country and drop dynamite on
the gas works, the water works and the
bridges those aro tho things to destroy. In
steada of soldienroincrabcad.muskel in hand
nd standing the brunt of the fighting, the
, iT jciuw a w.iu get, up tut? nma vvxii juvq tu
Buuor. xae nrst ining we win uo wm do io
fly over the Emperor's palace and drop a ton
of dynamite on tho roof. A Russian officer
said to mo when I explained the thing to
him: 'That will revolutionize tho whole
world in six months.' "
PLENTY HORSES FREE.
JUDGE SHXRAS CUT SHOBT THE TOTAL
OF THE DTDIAN.
A State of War at the Time of the Killing
Proved to the Court's Satisfaction The'
Acquitted Bedskln Lionized A Witness
Attempts Suicide. ,
hs oiotrx hat,th, o. aa, may s. x-ienvy uorses.
13 a free inaias. no-inKiing- oi-tneeuaaen
termination of the case had been given, and.
at 2:30, when court convened, testimony be
ing completed, attorneys were preparing to
commence their arguments, when Judge
Shiras said: "There is no need of going
further with the case. What I shall say la
the opinion of this Court, but not of my col
league. It is said orl my own responsibility."
The Judge then said In substance that, guilty
or innocent, the crime turned upon the ques
tion as to whether or not a state of actual
war existed at tho time of Casey's death. In
the opinion of tho Court, it has been shown
beyond a doubt that such state of war did
exist.
Immediately upon adjournment, Plenty
Horses was surrounded by ladles and other
spectators, who shook hands with him fir
.some time, after which Attorney Powers,
with beaming face, led his still silent and
nndemonsratlve client to his hotel, where
Plonty Horses spent some time writing auto
graphs for bystanders.
The testimony of Captain Baldwin, aid of
General Miles, was an important feature in
establishing the important fact as to war.
He came with all the official papers of the
War Department bearing upon the clicum
stances previous to and at the time of
Casey's death, and although the documents
had only been offered by tho defense and
their admission had not been decided upon
by the court, the Captain's" own testimony
was of the same character.
At noon to-day White Moon, the Chey
enne scout, who was with Casey at the time
of his death and who has been here as a wit
ness, attempted suicide by stabbing himself
in the base of the neck; He was homesick
and despondent. He is not seriously hurt
and will recover.
NEAEIY GOT THE BEADING!.
A Great Plan of the Pennsylvania Company
Which Failed to Connect.
rSrECTAL TELEOBAM TO TIDS DISPATCH.?
Philadelphia, May 28. A conspiracy to
wreck the Beading Railroad property and to
place that corporation as well as the trade
of Philadelphia at the mercy of the Penn
sylvania Railroad Company has Jnst leaked
out. Had It succeeded Mr. A. J. Cassatt
would have been elected to succeed Mr ,Mo
Leod as President of the Reading Company,
in January last.
The Harrisburg extension converting the
Beading into a trunk line would have been
stopped, ocean steamship lines in which
the Reading is affiliated would have been
driven away from Philadelphia, its Atlantlo
City branch would have been rendered un
profitable, the terminal project would have
been defeated and Philadelphia would have
been at the mercy of one railroad. A block
of syndicate stock was behind the scheme.
LOST WITH ALL ON S0ABD.
A Lake Michigan Schooner Believed to Be
a Total Wreck.
Chioaoo, May 28. The schooner Thomas
Hume is believed to have gone down in
Lfike Michigan with all on board, involving
a loss of seven lives. A dlspatoh received
here to-day from the owners of the schooner,
Hackley & Humo, of Muskegon, reports that
nothing has been seen of the craft since she
left Chicago a week ago to-day.
A terriffic squall came up shortly after tho
Hume sailed, and other vessels hastily put
back into port. Vessel men express the
opinion that the Hume was overcome in the
tempest, or got into a collision and went
down head to. It is thought the catastrophe
occurred within 20 miles of Chicago, and
that the wreck must have dragged toward
the head or the lake. Tho Hume was in tho
lumber trade and valuod at $6,000, partly
insured.
TO BE0FEN THE T0BIN CASE.
The District Attorney Will Commence an
Inquiry Next Week,
SPECIAL TEL.KOBAJI TO THE DISrATCT.
New York, May 28. District Attorney
Thomas W. Fitzgerald, of Richmond county,
said to-night that he had decided to reopen
the investigation into the death of Mary F.
Tobln, whoso body was found ontheocks
at the shore In Clifton two years ago.
The investigation will be commenced some
time next Week before Judge Acker, at New
Brighton.
i,uuu.ii jS neuteo.uyia,WWgasiei.H.xiioiicin
thus produced is perfectly terrific. Tho boiler
was tested nn tn nno -nnnniia nrp.Asnre. and It
.v
H'lM
BECAUSE OF MTfflJIEr
All the Tin Plate Factories in Wales
Will Suspend Operations.
STOCKS IS AMEEICA TOO LARGE.
The Closing Planls Adopted to, the Effort to
Maintain Prices.
WOEKMEN ENTER A PEOTEST IN TAIN
CBT DtWLAP'S CABLE COMTAST.J
Loiroov, May 28. The majority of tin plate
manufacturers seem determined to carry out
their resolution which bad been formed to
stop the works during the month of July,
and this in spite of tho strenuous efforts
which have been made on the port of the
workmen to got their employers to recon
sider the matter. The manufacturers point
ont that their stocks havo accumulated in
England and America to the amount of 1,500,--000
boxes, which is an output of abont six
weeks.
This is due chiefly to the accumulation in
America in order to anticipate the tariff
which comes into effeot on the 1st day of
July. It is argued that at present there is
no demand for delivery after June. Unless,
therefore, the present stock can be reduced
by 1,000,000 boxes by the- stoppage agreed on,
only prices leaving no margin for profits can
prevail. The workmen have been loyal
to their employers In the whole of this matter
for, though prices have been so, high during
the last nine months as to leave a profit of 3
shillings and 6 pence per box, they have re
frained from any agitation for any increase
in their wages. Now, however, they, feel
very strongly on "the decision of the manu
facturers to lockthem out for a whole month
and thoy haVe made an appeal that if a four
weeks' stoppage is necessary it should be
made at four separate times at certain inter
vals so they could not be deprived of their
wages for a whole month at once.
This proposal they brought yesterday be
fore their employers forthe second time, but
they were met with a firm but courteous re
ply that it was impossible for the manufact
urers to make any variation from their
original decision. The Secretary bos re
ported to tho association that 70 works, rep
resenting a capital of .396,000,000, or over 80
per cent of the whole invested capital in
South Wales, Monmouth and Gloucester,
had agreed to stop operations for a month,
the bulk of them in July, although some
have already ceased working. A few will
stop for four separate weeks during a period
extending over the next two or three
months.
NEWFOUNDLAND IK PARLIAMENT.
Action on the Knutsford BID to Be Post
poned for a Time.
Lottdow, May 28. In the House of Com
mons to-day William Henry Smith, In regard
to Newfoundland, Bald that on the promise
of the Newfoundland delegates a bill would
be passed to carry out the modus Vivendi
and the award of the Arbitration Commis
sion under the modus vivendl agreement.
The Government proposed that the Knuts
ford bul should be read, a second time, and
the Government would agree to postpone it
for the next three weeks. If by then the
Colonial Legislature has passed such a meas
ure as the one promised by the delegates, tho
Government would withdraw tho Knutsford
bill. Mr. Smith then moved the second read
ing of the last mentioned measure.
Sir William "Vernon Harcourt deprecated
the course which the Government had
adopted. James Allison Picton (Liberal)
ridiculed the idea Of passing a measure
which was to be superseded by another bill.
He, therefore, moved that the debate be ad
journed. Tho motion was then put, and re
sulted In its. defeat by a vote of 195 against to
122 for adjournment. James Bryce (Liberal)
moved that the House having been informed
that the-Newfoundland Legislature . has
passed as,atisfactory,act, declarlng.ltrj readi
ness to support the measures necessary to
carry out the treaty obligations and the
awards of the Arbitration Commissioners,
there was no necessity to proceed with the
second reading of the Knutsford bill. Will
lam Henry Smith adopted this, and the ino
tlorrwas then approved.
NO W0NDEB HE DIED.
Buttons, CogWheels, Screws and Old Iron
Not a Safe Diet in This Case.
BT DCHXAT'S CABLX COMTAST.
LoirrxK?, May 28. The lancet has Just re
corded a remarkable case, which adds one
more to the list of those which have been
placed on record to show what a man will
cat in order to stay the cravings of his
stomach and tho pain he suffers when he is
starving. The body of an Arab, who was a
stowaway on a ship, was conveyed to the
Seaman's Hospital at Greenwich, where a
post mortem was made. The physicians
noticed that the body was greatly emaoiated
and on opening it several hard bodies were
observed in the intestines. The alimentary
canal was thereupon open and in It they
found the objects, which practically turned
the man's intestines into a sort of museum.
The articles were 20 trouser buttons,
3 cog wheels, apparently portions of a.
wnt.h a Trrlr. rl ofAal ...am nhlrtTi .-o .
oublc, a one-inch screw, 6 pieces of a
lock, the largest being half an inch long and
half an inch broad, a circular piece of brass,
several pieces of iron wire.some bits of brass
and lead, and 2 key tallies on a ring an inch
long. Tho weight of theso various articles
en masse amounted to exactly half a pound.
PABNELL HARD TO KILL.
He Blamges to Maintain His Position Des
pite the Priesthood's Opposition.
'tBT DUXLAP'S CABLE COMPAST.
Loinxw, May 23. There has been a good
deal of talk in Ireland at the inactivity ot
the McCarthy faction, which has left the bat
tle to tho priests. Parnell certainly requires
a great deal of killing. The Archbishops
and Bishops of Ireland were down upon him
like the traditional cartload of bricks, while
the priesthood in general was in deadly hos
tility to him. It might have been thought
that Archbishop Croke gave him a crushing
blow a short time ago, but Mr-Parnell sur
vived it, and now Archbishop Walsh and
Bishop Nulty are pitching In to sweep Par
nell out of their path.
Somehow or other he manages to maintain:
his footing wherever he goes in Ireland and
gets crowds not only to listen to him, but
even to cheer him. The reason for this is
that there is a growing ieeung against the
dictations of tho Church of Ireland.
FBENCH DUTIES ON HEAT.
The American Hog Finds Stanch De
fenders in tho Chamber of Deputies.
PABis,May23. The Chamber of Deputies
to-day continued tho debate on the tariff
bill adopting tho following duties recom
mended by the committee: Mutton. 32
francs; pork, 12 francs; beef, 25 francs; salted
pork, ham and bacon, 20 francs maximum,
15 francs minimum; salted beef, 30 francs
maximum, 27 franc3 minimum.
M. Le Hour advocated a duty of 35 franca
on pork, in order that France might not be
poisoned by American pork. M.Jourde de
clared that the fear of trichinosis was only a
pretext to exclude American meat. France
consumed 40,000,000 kilograms of American
meat annually, with only one case of trichi
nosis having been reported. He begged the
Chamber to adhere to the old duty of 8K
francs. The House rejected the proposals.
THE TEMPLARS OF THE W0BLD,
Their Next Meeting to Be Held on Prohibi
tion'! Stamping Ground.
EorasuBaii, May 28. At tho session of the
Templars' Congress to-day It was resolved
that the organization hold a celebration orl
the 17th of March of each year in memory of
LB. Finch. The ballot for the plaoo in
Which the congress would .hold its meeting
in 1803 resulted In the selection of Des Moines,
la., which received E6 votes over all the
other places votod for.
The American delegates expressed much
satisfaction over the tact of the capital of a
prohibition State being selected as tho place
of meeting. -.
Reciprocity Treaty Bumors Denied.
Madrid, May 28. The statements that a
Wl Iff llrf I I 1 1
Spr.
RPt.? f.V
.J T '
". ..
secret clause exists in the commercial treaty
with the United States relating to Cuba and
Puerto Bico.and that a hitch has occurred in
the negotiations, are senfi-officlally denied.
s
DULLNESS STILL RULES
TN
THE FINANCIAL AFFAIRS OF
EUROPE AND WILL CONTINUE.
The Becelpt of a Million Sterling in Gold at
London Does Not Better Things France
Is .Preparing for a Wax Emergency by
Stocking Provisions In Fortified Towns.
BT CABLX TO ITU DISPATCH.
Lohdob-, May 28. There hasbeen no change
for the past two days in the financial condi
tion of Europe. Both the stock and money
markets show a hesitating disposition and
are apt to remain dull until the outcome of
the Paris monthly settlement is known. The
favorable bank statement published to-day
and the receipt of nearly X 1,000,000 in
gold Jiave made no improvement in the
prevailing dullness, sinco it is now under
stood that most of the recent additions to
the stock of gold in the Bank of England
will be reshipped to Russia within the next
few weeks. The only movement of conse-
Suence has been an advance In rupee paper,
no to a rumor that Sennor Maranno Cerval
honse, the new Portuguese Finance Mlnistet
Sroposes to introduce the bi-metallic system
lto Portugal.
A sensation was caused to-day by a special
telegram to the London Times, stating that
the French Chamber to-day agreed to a bill
empowering the Minister of War, as a pre
caution against an emergency In time of
war, to lay inatwomonths' stock of wheat
and flour for the population comprised
within entrenched camps or fortified
towns. A proposition to the effect
that the expense should be shared
by the municipalities and the State
was carried by 295 to 237 votes. In explana
tion of the measure, it was said that railway
communication has caused a tendency to
keep the stock of provisions very short, and
inayaris's last report naa oniy ot,vw quin-
$jbu,uuu in 1&JU in 21 enirencnea
$?& northeast and southeast of
7V "tS'nS fnllvfiOnonnO rav.nlfi. nnA
a t, ?. ,1 o)rovisions would ln-
voivtr.... ur z. JO Vjrancs,
TheBaj- P-ta. CnJv"J' large estab
lishments are vOrf 0Ihe neces
sary money. Eae... w&' t 'v i to bear
the expense of keepm. vt fc. ck nntil a
war Is declared, and then-,. ' jharge fall
ing upon Paris is estimated aV-Aooo francs.
In advocating the bill, M. tie Freycinet
urged that the construction of fortifications
would be useless if the means of enabling
the inhabitants to live were unprovided.
' Outside of the principal banks, discount
rates for 60 to 90-day bills are quoted at
about 4 per cent, and call money is plentiful
at about 2 per cent, but loans on securities
from account to account were in almost
every caso 5 per cent.
M0SE ABBESTS OF NIHILISTS.
The Czar Frightened by the Great Extent of
the Conspiracies.
tBT DgVjLAT 'S CABLX COMrAJfT.J
St. PEmtSBCBO, May 28. News comes from
Kostroma of the arreatof Degaieff, tho Nihi
list assassin of Colonel Soudiken, whose cap
ture has been reported a dozen times since
tho murder took: place at St. Peters
burg eight years ago. Degaieff was
believed by many to have sought
refuge in the United States, but that does not
seem likely to have been the case, jndging
.from the following events. A lively agita
tion was Deing cameo, on Dy tne revolution
ists all over South Russia. A man called
Ivanoff was suspected by the authorities of
beingthe leader; this Ivanoff had been sec
retary to the Governor of Kostroma for five
years. A detective being sot to wtcb him,
was struck with the extraordinary
resemblance of Ivanoff to Dega
ieff, upon whose head a large
reward was placed, but, not having sufficient
proof to warrant his arrest, the detective
adopted a stratagem, so disguising himself
as a chimney sweeper, he climbed the rpof
of the bouse in which Ivanoff lodged and de
scending into thelatter's room lateatnight
suddenly emerged from the stove and pre
sented himself before the astonished in
mate, ouldtlv- savinirr "How do vou do.
f Degaieff,", at. the same time putting a re
volver ai, too Becreturyxwuu jus& uis prcstjjicu
of mind and.hecame deadly pale with terror.
He "was quickly"' handcuffed "and "upon
searching his. pagers the whole of his former
conspiracy was discovered. Many people in
Kostroma, students df the various uni
versities, 'veterinary colleges, agricultural
academies and students of other Bchools In
Moscow, Odessa and Kharkoff. to the num
ber of 300, were arrested. This happened
last week. The Nihilist conspiracy now
seems to be more active than ever, extend
ing even to the army, of which 46 officers
have been arrested. The Czar Is more
frightened than ever he wa3 before.
SOME BED-HOT POLITICS.
Tories IJesort to ssafoetida to Break Up
the Liberal Meetings.
HIT DCHLAP'S CABLE COJirANT.)
Losnox, May 28. The electoral campaign
in Buckinghamshire is becoming exciting.
At a Liberal meeting the other evening, tho
Tories'despairing of breaking up the meet
ing by any other means, introduced a bottle
of assafcetida with tho usual results. In
North Bucks, where Captain Verney's seat is
boing contested, the Gladstonian Liberals
claim a majority of 300. They also
declare that if Captain Verney had
protested his innocenco instead of
confessing his guilt, tho dissenters would
have voted for him again. As that gentle
man took the more manly course, his party
friends have been compelled to find another
candidate in tne person oi iir. i. a. Arson.
The Conservative candidate Is Hon.
Evelyn Hubbard, who won tho seat from
Captain Verney in 1886 by a majority of 71 in
a poll of 8,819 votes, the latter having been
originally chosen at tho general election of
1885. At the bye-election of October, 1SS9,
Captain Verney ngain wrested the prize
from his rival by 203 majority in a poll of
9,502. At the present time tbero are 12,565
votes registered, and a close fight is ex
pected. The election takes place early in
Juno.
BEBELLIQN IN SICILY.
A Community Bevolts Against a Tax,
but
Is Speedily Suppressed.
Rome, May 23. Tho populace of the Com
mune of Mlsterbianco, in. Sicily, rose in re
volt to-day against a local tax, and, invad
ing the town, set fire to several buildings.
Troops were dispatched to the scene.
xne revolt was soon supprcssea ana tup
leaders arrested. A judicial inquiry into tho
trouble has been opened.
AN0THEB SOUTH AFRICAN FIGHT.
The Portuguese Said to Bo Defeated in a
Battle With the British.
LiSBOir, May 23. A dispatch received hero
from Lourenzo Marques, South Africa, says
that another fight has taken place between
the British and the Portuguese.
This time the soenoof the encounter was
on the banks of Bembo river. Tho Portu
guese were defeated.
GEBKAN OBATN DUTIES.
The Municipal Council Ask That They Be
Bemoved Because of Bad Crops.
Beblw, May 28. The Municipal Council Jo
day approved the proposition that in view
of the bad harvest prospocts the Reichstag
be asked for an immediate suspension of the
tariff on cereals, followed by an early aboli
tion of the taxes.
A YOUNG LAWYEB OF C0L0B.
He Graduates From the Law School of the
New York University With Honors.
SrXCIAL TELEOBASI TO THE DISPATCH.:
New Yobk, May 28. The commencement
exercises of the law school of the New York
Unlvcrsitv-were heldto-nlghtlnthe Carnecie
Music Hall. Ror. Dr. John Hall, the Chan-"
cellor, presided. Ruf us Lewis Perry, a young
colored man, was in tho graduating class.
Ho delivered an oration on "Tlie Term Lib!
ertv Under the Constitution."
Mr. Perry was heartily applauded when he
stopped forward, to peak. Many In the
audience arose and cheered htm. Ho is 22
years old and has just completed a four
years' term in the law school. He is the son
of Rev. Rufds Perry, pastor of the Messiah
Baptist Church. Brooklyn, and is managing
clerk for H. D. McBurney. In the examina
tion for admission to the bar, held last Feb
ruary, Perry got 100 per cent. His address
was lucid and was forcibly delivered.
AA MTQ InsertedlnTHEDIS
VVMIN 1 O PATCH reach Enter--
' ' rC ,
body. It Is the Best Advertising:
Medium for Employer and Employed,
as It Circulates Everywhere.
(t
THREE CENTS,
DEATH GALLS A HALT
Upon, the Vigorous Donate, on
tlie Briggs Case in the
General Assembly.
TldTDE OF HEAET DISEASE'
Jndge . BrecMnridge Falls tothe
Floor as He Closes His Address.
ALL PEOCEEDINGS NOW DELATED.
The Opponents of the Accused Theologian
Seem in the Vajority.
AEGUMENTS OP THE LEAENED DITTOES
CSPZCtAL TELXQRAX TO THE MSrATCH.'j
Deteoit, May 23. Just as a crisis was
reached to-day on the most Important issue
before tho Presbyterian Assembly the un
heralded angel of death put a sudden stop to
the proceedings. Judge 8. J. Breckinridge,
of St. Louis,a memberof the theological sem
Inary.and one of the most eminent lawyers of
the South, had just completed a vigorous
argument on the legal phases of the Briggs
case, when he was stricken with heart
disease, fell to the floor and died in a few
seconds, An adjournment of the .Assembly
was speedily taken, and tho banquet an
nounced foe to-night declared off.
This was to be Briggs' day in tb e Assembly
The coming up of the case brought out a
largo attendance rorevon the devotional
services. Before the Assembly opened the
church was crowded. Even the Moderator
got so excited that he called forthe report
on theological seminaries before the reading
of the minutes. When the subject came up,
Dr. Patton stepped to tho front and ex
plained the action of his committee, which
he was sure had the credit of the whole As
sembly for belug honest and anxious to do
the best thing. The question had been con
sidered in its broadest light, and no new
thing was likely to be i aid.
The Professor's First Defender.
Dr. Henry Smith, of Cincinnati, who is
ranked in advance of Dr. Briggs, took
the floor for Dr. Briggs. He held tho Union'
professor could not be condemned simply
because he was misunderstood and specu
lated as to certain doctrines. There was no
evidence of hercsr. A man should not be
judged on a syllabus. Dr. Briggs' position
with regard to James Martineau is all right.
He is as sound with regard to such men' as
was Dr. Charles Hodge. We could not ex
pect allorten to be like Dr. Greene.
It was wrong to Judge Dr. Briggs on a sin
gle discourse when lie had written four
books. "The address attempted to vindicate
Dr. Briggs in all tne matters criticised, and
Dr. Smith made the Impression upon many
that ho was pleading for himself. Schller
macher came to the knowledge of Christ by
his reason, and Charles Hodge believes he &
now In heaven. If Hodge put this higher
critic, German critic and Rationalist, into
heaven, why may not Briggs put Martineau
there? There is bibllolatry in Scotland. la
not the Bible sometimes put at the door
there to keep out spooks! Cries of No!
But Dr. Ormiston backed up the state
ment. Dr. Smith went on to say that during
the war soldiers' live were saved by the
Bibles stopping the bullets and verses where
the bullets had stooped were taken as nrom-
.lses from God. Soldiers and their mothers
thought the Bibles were tallsmanic Some
people In this country thought a big Bible
on the parlor table, though never read, was
a sort of talisman. Wesnhsorli'to.svatem
jf doctrine and that mania a heretic wools -
trlnes different. The confession must be in
terpreted according to the essentials of tho
system of doctrine.
More Mot Follow Briggs.
If the lpMsslma verba subscription doc
trine is to prevail, most of us must Ieavo tho
church. If the departure of Dr. Briggs is to
be judged, then other departures by other
men must be considered. Inerrant trans
mission of the original text is taught in the
confession teaching that ltls not corrupted
by interpolations. Dr. Warfleld. of Prince
ton, holds that'tbe last 12 verses of the Gos
pel of Mark should be taken oat as not gen
uine. He holds the same as to the doxology
of the Lord's Prayer and other portions of
the New Testament.
Dr. Briggs is no more heretical than Dr.
Warfleld. The strictest Calvanism proceeds
on the ground that the whole race of Adam,
sinned in Adam, and the whole race of man
could justly be condemned forever. But
God chose out a number, which could not
be increased or diminished. It involves a
definite method of a general atonement, the
revision makincr the confession inclnde all
mankind, which is simply the teaching of
Dr. Briggs. He furnishes the basis for the
salvation of all infants and lncapables.
A Host of Condemned.
Dr. Smith said ho did not altogether under
stand Dr. Briggs on progressive sanctlflca
tion, and that was no reason why it was not
perfectly clear. The doctrine of the con
fession was that those who are not perfectly
redeemed at death are sent to punishment
forever. Not one-half who die are redeemed,
so about SO drop into hades every minute,
and in one hour joverl,S0O, and at this rate
an awful processiop-nas gone to hades. Re
flection on these facts is enough to send a
man to a hjnatlc asylum.
Some or us think God has some way to
save some of theso souls. Dr. Briggs think3
regeneration begins'In some souls here and
goes on after death. Those who believe all
infants are saved should not condemn a.
man who does not believe that" such awful
multitudes are sent to hades. Dr. Briggs has
? round for such a hope as he expresses.
'rcjudicei3 easily raised and not easily al
layed. Theological stomachs are a little
sensitive and easily tamed..
Dr. Logan wanted the proposed action'
modified to say in tho first resolution "For
the present," in the face of cries of "No!"
and applause. In the second resolution ha
wanted it to advise conference with regard
to the whole case. In all his 40 years' ex
perience he had never known a more com
plex case. A professor, a seminary and the
whole system of control of both parties were
nndcr review, and he would like to postpone
action because the winds were blowingfrom
so many quarters.
The Way to Peace.
Then he believed in doing the prophets of
God no harm. Dr. Logan thought the way
to peace was no action for tho present and a
reiort by the committee to the next Assem
bly. But he would vote against Briggs? be
cause, on the whole, the capability and posi
tion of tho man would make" him a disaster
to Union Seminary and to the cause of theo
logical education.
His speech was evenly divided, the first
art for Briggs and the second part against
im. In conclusion, Dr. Logan was In favor
of postponement, as ho wanted to save Dr.
Briggs. Dr. Dickey, of Philadelphia, of tho
Board of Union seminary Trustees, said'
character and purity of doctrine were In
volved. Ho wanted to contribute to tho
unity of the Assembly, and so far had con
tributed only silence.
Dr. Dickey abominated the spirit in the
church calling ministers by the names of
men. Ho was not a Briggs man, but would
insist that any man have a fair chance and
that the Assembly act with caution. He
realized his delicate position before the
Assembly, and did not want to be under-
r stoodas committing Union Seminary by
anyinmg ne saia. ag wasnot an ami-unggs
man, except that he deplored the fact that
Dr. Briggs had Issued his Inaugural address, .
the spirit of which and the succeeding utter
ances ho could not defend.
A Plea for Expediency.
Its spirit and .animus have distressed tha
friends m Dr. Briggs. But he was In favor
of practicing expediency, as St. Paul advc-'
cated it. When the strain is so severe and.
the situation so delicate, it is better to go
slow than act hastily and suffer In tha
future. We all seem to want to wait if we
can. Dr. Dickey advocated postponement;
and held the compact between the seminary
and the trustees could be Interpreted by thfi
Assembly as well as the Assembly of 20 years
ago.
He said he was loyal to his church, noraat-
Continued on tixth page.
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