TH
E PITTSBURG
PAGES 17 TO 20.
PITTSBURG, SUHDAY, MABOH 1, 189L
DISPATCH!
THIRD PART.
INTO SOUTH; AFRICA.
Adventures of the Pioneer Force
of the British Company in
Mashonaland.
FEAR OF THE MATABELES.
King Lobengula Couldn't Restrain His
Bloodthirsty People.
IMPROMPTU FORTS IN THE FORESTS
The Mineral Besonrces and Agricultural
Yalue of the Country.
1 PARADISE FOR LOYERS OP BIS GAME
rcoBRisroKDiscr or tex dispatch. 1
Mashonaland, South Afbica, )
NOVEMBER 23, 1890.
ITER a Bilence of
leTeral month! tbe
writer is again able
to give tbe readers
of The Dispatch
i an account of his
journey io the far in-
r l terior of South Afri-
Mashonaland.
This letter will be
gin witn iuiy a,
when the pioneer
i force of the British
1 i r-- Rnnlh Atrlwin Com-
ii$'i',ty pany was encamped
on tne Zuli river.
nine zuli river, at
j" .. latitudes-o., is me
fc' " boundary between
Matabeleland and
tbe territory claimed by both Lobengula, the
Matabele King;, and Khama, tbe Bamang
wato chief, both of whom are well-known
characters in South Africa.
Perhaps it would be impossible to find
two native Kings in all Africa so wholly nn
lite in every way. "Were it not that both
are rulers of native tribes there would be
nothing whatever by which one could com
pare the two men. It is, therefore, far more
easy to contrast. Let us begin with Khama.
His country lies just south of tbe twenty
second parallel ot south latitude and eastof
Damaraland. The other boundaries are not
well defined. Khama is a Christian King,
and rules his people according to Christian
methods. He is not a Christian in name
only, but in fact, and is very severe with
anyone, white or black, who violates his
laws. He allows
No liquor ot Any Kind
to be brought into his country, and anyone
detected in selling the same is at once driven
from his territory. Khama is very friendly
to white men and is glad to have them live
in his country, providing they obey bis laws.
His l&vorite metnod of dealing with those
who violate tbe law is to banish them iroru
his country. Knama is quite as strict with
JTic African Laager.
his own people. Several years ago he had
occasion to Send a yotfng chief of his at the
head of a regiment to capture a Dutchman
who had been guilty of some crime.
Khama's instructions to his chief were that
be should not allow Mb men to fire first
under any conditions.
For some reason they did fire first and
during the skirmish which followed, fled.
"When they returned home every man, chief
and all, were made prisoners and sentenced
to six years' imprisonment with hard labor;
and these men nay now be seen at Khama's
capital serving out their term of imprison
ment. Again, Khama sent about CO men to
wk for the British South African
Company's pioneer force, while ea route to
Mashonaland. As we came to the boundary
of Matabeleland Kst July nearly all of
these men ran away by night because they
f tared to enter Matabeleland. It is a well
known fact that tbe Mangwatos are greatly
afraid of tbe JIatabeles. When these men
returned to their homes Khama was much
provoked, and caused every man to be
flogzed and sent back. Knama is very
uuxious to do all he can for the good of his
people, and it is to be regretted that such a
man has not a better tribe under his
authority.
Loueognla a Different Man.
Now turn to Lobengula, who, though a
neighbor of Khama's, is his deadly enemy.
Lobengula is a most despotic andpoweriul
ruler of a most barbarous and bloodthirsty
tribe. According to the Matabele law the
King owns every living creature and all the
country. He can kill anyone he pleases and
all. the property goes into his possession.
The Matabele people have a great feeling of
national pride and tbev seem to live onlv to
add to their possessions. Of late years the
territory of the JIatabeles has been ex
tended in nearly all directions. Mashona
land was claimed by Lobengula, though
none of his people lived in the country. Tne
only use made of Mashonaland was as a
place to raid tor cattle and slaves.
The women do all the work, while the
men do nothing whatever except to train as
warriors. This fact has naturally made the
JIatabeles a nation ol warriors. The King,
lias about a dozen regiments of splendidly
drilled men, each commanded by an Induna
or cnief. The number ot Lobehgula's fight
ing men is about 15,000. With all these facts
in mind, the reader will probably wonder
that so small a force as 400 white men, bow
ever well armed, should enter Matabele
end should travel a distance of nearly 200
22
if
-; nr
M'. Ithod'3. Prrmier of Cape Colony.
riii'e-. through that countrv without meeting
wi'b opposition, not to sav annihilation.
TiiN wa the cae of th "British South
African Company's nioneer force.
Tho Kins Afraid of the TVhltes.
Notwithstanding the fact that Lobengula
pave this company the ricbt to make a road
through his country to Mashonaland, there
was considerable feeling aroused among
his rwople against it It was even said that
the King himself wished to withdraw his
perfusion, but he was told plainly he could J
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not do this without being obliged to fight
with white men, which he'would not do
under any circumstances. So he finally
agreed to allow a road to be made, and when
the pioneer force entered Matabeleland on
July 10, no one believed that Lobengula
would himself cause any fighting. It was,
however, very doubtful whether he would
be able to control his people, who were at
this time reported to be preparing for war.
I say it was not thought Lobengula would
send his army to attack us. Tnis was the
case because he is well known as a savage
of really good judgment and foresight, and
thus knew full well what the consequences
of attacking the pioneer force would be. I
am told by a man who has bad much deal
ing with Lobengula as a representative of
the British South African Company, that
he is an exceedingly clever savage as well
as a shrewd one. This must be trne of a
man who is able to grant such a concession
as he wanted to the company against the
will of such a people as his to allow an
armed force of 400 to make a road through
his country, and this, too, contrary to the
wishes of his people; to do all this, and then
restrain them from going to war.
As may be imagined, the greatest pre
cautions were taken as soon as we entered
this country. One party of men went ahead
of the main party to prepare the road; scouts
were out every day; advance and rear
guards were always formed for the 50
wagons when they were on the line of
march. Laagers were formed with wagons
every night and pickets were on duty.
An Impromptu Fortification.
It may be well to briefly describe a laager
It is'simply a fortification made by drawing
the wagons in the position as shown in one
of the illustrations. Such a fortification is
undoubtedly a very good one where a small
body of men is obliged to defend itself
against a much larger one of savages who do
not possess heavy guns. Tne history of
South Africa shows a number of instances
which prove the value of the laager.
During tbe first few weeks of our journey
in Matabeleland the most general topic of
camp conversation was the likelihood of a
Matabele attack. Some of the less thought
fnl claimed that they would.be glad
to have an attack; others had
no idea that the Matabeles would
make an attack, while still others though!
such a thing was exceedinglv probable and
feared tbe consequences, but as the first
three weeks passed without an indication of
any trouble, and without the sight of any
Matabeles save two small delegations sent
by Lobengula to see whether we were fol
lowing to route which he Iai-1 out. nearly
all of us gave up the thought ot a probable
attack. Thus the mindr of all were at rest
until one bright morning in the first week
of August, I believe it was just after we
had formed a laager for the neat of tbe day.
A man was noticed to ride hastily into camp
and to inquire for the head officers, who at
once held a secret interview with him. It
was soon learned the man in question came
direct from Lobengula with a message of
which this is the substance:
"The King is very sorry to inform the
head man of the pioneers that he is unable
to restrain his army any longer; that they
will come and fight the white men and drive
them from the country; that he wanted the
skins of two well-known men with whom he
had had dealings."
Ever Beady for a Fight.
Very naturally such a message direct from
Lobengula caused a great stir. It was now
generally believed that there would be an
attack. Hence, the greatest possible pre
caution were taken. Heretofore two or tnree
men slept at each wagon under arms. Now,
however, no reveille was sounded, but every
man was quietly called long before dayligbt
and stationed on the wagons.where they slept
until broad daylight. Had tbe reader
been in sight of our laager early
on those August mornings he
wonld have seen several hundred
men standing on the wagons each armed
with rifle, revolver and 100 rounds of am
niunitioi by his side. Had he entered the
laager he would have seen every large gun
manned and ready for action, and thous
ands of rounds of ammunition lying in
convenient places.
The Matabele "scare" just mentioned,
lasted for some days during which time it
was intensified considerably. One evening
word came to us that some natives had seen
an "impi" or regiment of Matabeles on the
war path. An attack was really expected
early the next morning and every prepara
tion was made for it. A large bunch of
bush near the laager was cleared in the
evening by the aid of the electric light, four
or five powder mines were laid which were
to be exploded by an electric current when
the "impi" was rushing over them. All
were standing under arms long before day
break, looking and listening lor the Mata
beles, but we looked in Tain. The Matabeles
did not come.
Ont Into Open Country.
All our march thus far had been through
country which was for the most part covered
with heavy bush that offered a good cover to
an approaching enemy, but a few miles be
yond lay the open, high plateau of .Southern
Mashonaland, which we were exceedingly
anxious to reach. Before we could get en
to this plateau, however, it was necessary to
pass through a wooded valley, quite narrow
aud winding among densely "wooded mount
ains. Once through this and we were fairly
free from danger, for it was not believed
that the Matabeles would attack us on open
country.
In two days we reached the plateau with
out interruption of any kind and great was
the rejoicing when, alter weeks and months
ot slow and tedious marching through
wooded country, we suddenly beheld an im
mense tract ot land perfectly open and
level as far as the eye could see, save a few
mountains and bushes in the distance. A
tort was at once built here aud named
"Fort Victoria." Fort Victoria js situated
in about latitude 20 south, longitude 31
east, and is nearly 1,600 miles from Cape
Town.
The journey from Fort Victoria to the
destination of the pioneer force was free
from all danger or even much thought of
opposition of any kind. This destination
was reached on September 12, after a march
of nearly 900 miles, which occupied a period
of four months, the end of which was heart
ily welcomed by everyone. Another fort
has been built at this place, which is situ
ated in latitude 17 CO' south and more than
319 east longitude.
What Travelers Say of Mashonaland.
Perhaps no country was ever more highly
praised for its climate, its pastural, agricul
tural and mineral resources than was Mash
onaland. Every traveler who visited the
country spoke in the highest terms of
thousands of acres of rich and perfectly
watered land, and tod of tbe gold which he
had either himself seen in the sand of tbe
river beds, worked by native women, or
which he had seen carried about in quills or
jL Battle With a Leopard.
tubes and offered to the traveler for a few
beads or small amount of cloth. Some of
the writers upon Mashonaland said tbey
had even seen large nuggets of gold. At
any rate several hundred men went into
Mashonaland "The Garden of Eden of
South Africa," as it has been called, with
the expectation of finding wealth without
much exertion.
South of the high plateau above men
tioned the land is very fertile, as proved by
the quantity "of rice, corn and potatoes
which the natives raise. There are mariy
monutain ranges and hills in verv direction,
and it is between these, in the valleys, that
the rich soil is to be found. The country is
well watered by large and small streams of
perfectly clear water. Just before we
emerged from the bushy country good indi
cations of the presence of gold were seen by
the prospectors, but of course no opportunity
was offered for an investigation.
A Wonderful Agricultural Country.
These remarks apply to the country south
of the. twentieth parallel. The country
north of this latitude is somewhat different.
It is much more open, and is for the most
part very fertile. In this part are thousands
of acres of rich.and well-watered grass lands,
together with as much of what certainly
seems to be as fertile soil as is to be found
anywhere. Men who have traveled from
the East to the West or tbe United States
say that this soil is as rich and as suitable
for agricultural purposes as any in the
United States. Without doubt tbe glowing
reports of the value of Mashonaland in these
respects have not been exaggerated. And
yet nearly all of these miles and miles of
lands are uninhabited, and so uncultivated.
There are a few small native villages situ
ated here and there among some of the scat
tering hills, but they use only a few acres of
ground close by their villages.
It is somewhat early in the occupation of
Mashonaland to speak at all fully of its
mineral wealth, but that there is gold here
no one that has traveled in Northern
Mashonaland can deny. Yet the reports
hitherto published do not give the exact
facts. For instance, the alluvial gold fields
are here but the fields best known have been
quite thoroughly worked, both by natives
and by some other unknown people. Yet
there is considerable alluvial gold and there
is not much difficulty in finding it. Per
haps alluvial fields at present unknown
will be found which may be rich enough to
pay. Undoubtedly certain travelers who
have given such glowing reports of the al
luvial gold fields have done so through a
mistake.
Mistaking Mica for Gold.
In some of the rivers very large quantities
of mica are to be seen which has the appear
ance in the sand, and water especially,of gold.
The writer knows of a river which is said by
natives, for it seems to be unknown to others,
to contain large quantities of gold. If one
examines the sind along the banks of this
river, or what is better still, if he looks into
the water, he will see many large particles
which look exactly like gold, but which are
pieces of mica of a yellowish color. It is
this which tbe natives of that vicinity call
gold. It may be added, however, that there
is gold in this river, as the writer subsequent
ly learned. About the reef-gold not much
can be said now. Several gold-reefs, which
are claimed to be very rich, have been
marked out. As there are fully 200 men at
present looking for gold in this .country, it
will be but a short time before much will be
known of the mineral weath of Mashona
land. Mashonaland abounds in game of great
variety. All species of South African ante
lopes are quite plentiful, while the gnu is
occasional'y met with in a large herds.
Zetuv and giraffe are less common, but are
not unfrequently seen by hunters. A few
years ago elephants wer- found here in
great numbers, but they have been hunted
so much for ivory that only one or two
herds are left. Many of thi rivers of
Mashonaland are the homes of the hippopot
amus and crocodile. Lions and leoparis
are altogether too plentiful for the good cf
horses and cattle. Several valuable horses
and perhaps a dozen cattl- belonging to the-1
pioneer torce have been km id by the king
of beasts. The lions are very bold, and will
come close to a large camp aud attack horses
and cattle.
A Battle With a Leopard.
A short time ago two men had an en
counter with a leopard in which on of tbe
men very nearly lost his life. An animal,
supposed to be either a lion or leopard, was
observed to enter some high grass.
One ot the men took bis rifle
and sent his dog into the grass. Almost im
mediately the dog barked, an'd a huge
leopard sprang from tbe grass at the man,
who fired and shot the animal in the mouth.
The leopard did not stop, but leaped onto
the man. His companion, who was close
by, at once shot tbe creature behind the
shoulders. Then it turned upon him, and
was about to strike him when the dog seized
it by one of the hind feet. This made the
leopard turn for the do'g, when both men
fired simultaneously and killed the leopard.
One of the men had his clothes torn to
pieces, his face and body badly cut and his
rifle strap broken by the brute. The leopard
was a large one, measuring nine feet in
length.
Baboons may be found upon nearly every
one of the many granite hills. Wolves,
jackals and hyaenas have frequently made
night hideous'iu the vicinity of the writer's
various camps.
The above is an attempt to give an ac
count of the great work which the
British South African Company has
undertaken to do, and judging from the
manner in which it has begun its work who
can doubt its future success. Surely a com
pany headed by such men as this company
is, with so many millions at its command aud
with everything in its favor at present, will
not fail to accomplish what it intends do
ing, viz., tbe opening up of a region as
large as France and Spain to the commerce
and civilization of the world.
Claiee A. Obe.
BEADLAUGH-S AHTJSEMEKia
He Loved to Go Fishing in the Thames,
Especially on Sundays.
Illustrated ews or the AVorld.l "
Mr. Bradlaugh's death has given rise to a
chorus of eulogies. The man who has thus
united pnblic opinion in a respectful
though, perhaps, not a warm tribute was at
one time tbe best-hated person in England.
The change took place six years ago, after
the conclusion of his parliamentary strug
gle. Snccess developed tbe more sympa
thetic side of his character and greatly
softened his manners, which at their best
were singularly winning. He courted
friendship, and the result was that, though
on his entrance into Parliament he was
almost ostracised, he latterly became a
very companionable member.
He lived simply aud very cheaply; but he
had a singularly correct palate, find knew
what good wine meant. Mr. Bradlaugh's
favorite amusement was fishing, which he
'pursued on Sundays, ehoosing the upper
reaches of the Thames, and sitting in a punt
a monument of patience. He was a first
rate Thames fisherman, and, though his
forte was bottom-fishing, he was also ex
cellent with the fly. His favorite holiday
was a day or two snatched from his Parlia
mentary and lecturing work, and devoted to
a few hours' salmon-fishing in Scotland.
He played billiards well, and had for En
glishmen the rare accomplishment of fenc
ing. "I do not think," writes Labouchere,
"that there is a single member more popu
lar or more respected than he on both sides.
Often and often Conservatives have, in a
friendly way, said to me, 'What a much
better man your colleague is than you are!'
And I entirely agreed with them."
Do Ton Cough?
"Take Kemp's Balsam, the best cough cure.
Sample bottles uee of druggists. Large bot
tles Wo, SI.
HUGE STONE BLOCKS
As Wonderful as Those oi the Pyra
mids Found at Ancient Cuzco.
FORTIFICATIONS
OF
THE IHCAS.
Scenes lu the Yalley of Ccayall Where tbe
Old Kobles Bathed.
MOUNTAINS OF GOLD FOR PJZAEE0
1C02B28FOKDXNCX OT THI DISPATCH. I
CUZCO, Peetj, Jan. 26.
MONG many remains
J of antiquity which
Ai
the pilgrim to .this
Peruvian Mecca must
If A not fail to visit, per
Sl haps the most import
ant are those found
on a near-by hill,
called Sachahuaman.
Here was not only
the. fortress that de
fended the ancient
capital, but the pal
ace of Manco Capac,
the first Inca. By
the way, the word
Oapae signifies "pow
erful" in the Peru
vian tongue, aud was
applied to several of
MancoV successors
Citizen of Cuzco. as was Yupanqui,
meaning "rich in all the virtues." Inca
means king or monarch.)
In the old days Sachahuaman had several
terraces, each four yaitia high and propor
tionately long, reached by a stairway pass
ing through a sort oi tunnel. This opening
led to a Vast enclosure, surrounded by walls
20 feet high, which contained numer
ous narrow niches, like cupboards. The
fortress, said to have been built about the
year 1113, is a remarkable piece of work,
and held the same relation to Cuzco that
A COMMON VEHICLE
"the Bock" does to Gibraltar or the Acro
polis did to Athens. It consists of three
terraces, 767 feet higher than the city,
reached "by a winding rnad which was so
constructed that it could be easily defended.
As Scientific as Modern Works.
Military men say its walls were built in
accordance with the best engineering science
ot modern times, its only assailable side be-
Fruitt of the Peruvian Eden.
ing provided with salients, so that its de
fenders could cover every point by a parallel
fire. Tbe walls were composed of immense
blocks of cut limestone, and each salient
had one of . these at its end. Blocks meas
uring 15 feet long, 12 feet wide and 10 feet
thick are common in the outer walls, and
there is one great stone 27 feet high, 14 feet
wide aud 12 feet thick, piled upon another
of s-lmost equal dimensions.
Bemembering that these enormous masses
were hewn from the hills, and fashioned
into shape be a people ignorant of the use of
iron; that they were brought from distant
quarries without the aid of beastrof burden,
raised to their elevated position on tbe
sierra and adjusted with tbe nicest accuracy
without machinery, one is filled with aston
ishment. Twenty thousand men are said to
have been employed for 50 years ou this
great structure; and it was but part of a
system of fortifications which the Incas es
tablished throughout their domains. There
were three towers on Sachahuaman, each
some distance from the others; one most
elaborately carved, for the use ot the Inca,
and the others held by a garrison of Peru
vian nobles, commanded by officers of royal
blood for the position was considered of
too great importance to ba, in trusted to in
ferior hands. Below the towers were sev
eral subterranean galleries communicating
with the city, now mostly obstructed by
fallen debris.
Masony That Endures.
Cuzco was also defended on tbe other side.
by a single wall ofgreat thickness, 1,200
feet long, and iu another place by two semi
circular walls of the same length, separated
a considerable distance. All were built of
heavy blocks of cut limestone, and, though
no cement was used, the enormous stones
were so carefully adjusted that to this day a
knife blade cannot De thrust between them.
Tbe best idea of bow the old capital must
have looked before the conquest may be
gained in. the street now named Triunfo.
The remains of several ancient palaces are
incorporated into its modern houses, among
tbem the House of the Virgins of the Sun.
There is a sort of crescent-shaped platform,
which is believed to have been the principal
altar of sacrifice in the San temple; and the
famous Piedra Haroda, or "stone with cut
tings," which shows seats, steps, basins and
altar, all hewn out of one immense rock.
Nearby istht Boadero, or "place where the
sun was tied up" a gigantic stone ring,
which shows the meridian of Cuzco. The
old aqueduct, which brought water to the
city from Lake Chicheros, 12 miles away,
was partially destroyed bjr the Spaniards;
and there is another, even more curious,
which leads down ironi tbe lofty fortress,
mostly by underground passages.
Bathing Resort of tho Incas,
Various delightful excursions may be
made from Cuzco without incurring great
fatigue. It is a pleasant horseback ride of
only 24 miles to Lake Huaipo, on tbe road
to Urubamba. The latter Indian town, as
well as Yucay and Huayllrba) is quaint
enough to repay a visit They lie in the
vallev of TJcavali. whera both climate and
scenery are the most perfect on the face of '
p Jfjj
the earth. In this Peruvian Eden are
natural groves pf fruit trees figs, apricois,
mancoes, chirmoyas, etc. and immense
fields of wild strawberries. Yucay was the
ancient bathing resort of the Incas and their
courts. There are exhauslless springs and
pools and sparkling river", fed from the
eternal snows of the mountains, and many
basins of hewn stone that probably" served
for private reservoirs, A good pedestrian
may walk through this charming valley
and enjoy every mile of it. We rode, carry
ing no outfit but the inevitable kodac, and
everywhere met with most hospitable enter
tainment from the poor but kindly people.
From TJrubamba to Ollataytambo is 12
miles, under the shadow of widespreading
trees which during half the year are a mass
of scarlet blossoms, while a mountain river
ripples on each side of the way. Just before
entering"011ataytambo, one sees, high up on
a wali of sandstone, the colossal figure of a
man outlined in veins of iron oxide. Of
course it is affeak of nature, but many
superstitious stories are told concerning its
origin, and no native will pass the place
without taking off his hat, crossing himself
and repeating an Ave Marie. Close by this
apparition are three stone houses, now
stained yellow, which appear to hang like
birds'nests on the very brink of a precipice,
high up the mountain side, and are said to
have been Inca hospitals.
A Romance of Inca Greatness.
One may spend a profitable week in Olla
taytambo examining rmns'and fortifications;
and will be sure of a welcome' in the bouse
of the curate. The Tillage is doubly inter
esting from having been the stronghold of
Ollanto.'a dusky noble who fell in love with
tbe beautiful'daughter of Inca Tupac Yu
panqui, and stole her from the Honse of the
Virgins of the Sun in Cuzco. He kept her,
too, in spite of all the hosts of tbe empire,
for five long years; until captured at last by
strategy, by a warrior whose unspellable
name mfans "Man with the stone eyes"
when he and his sweetheart were burned
alive in tbe great square of Cuzco.
Certainly tbe Incas must have been a very
wise and industrious people; and perhaps
the secret of their power lay in the wisdom
of their industry. The topographical aspect
of most of the country appears so unfavora
ble to purposes of agriculture and internal
communication that one wonders Low so
vast a population could have found support
Yet every rod was utilized, and in order to
waste no available inch of soil they buried
their dead in caves and built their own
dwellings upon rocks. They terraced every
hill and mountain to its summit, the ter
races being often narrow as the steps of a
FOE COUNTRY TEAVEL.
stairway and walled with stones; and thej
filled every crevice in the rock with soil
where there was room for a stalk
of corn to grow. These evidences
of their patient toil are still plainly
to be seen, and often the aerial gardens lie
on such steeps that one wonders how any
body could have found foothold to cultivate
them. In order to utilize the deserts
which seldom exceed 50 miles in width, and
sometimes narrow down to four or five tbey
excavated great areas in the sand until they,
reached sufficient moisture for vegetation,
and then brought guano from distant islands
of the Pacific.
Tbe System of Irrigation.
Their irrigation system was perfect, their
ditches extending hundreds of miles and
curving around the hills, here sustained by
high walls of masonry, there cut through
the solid rock, or carried over the valleys on
enormous embankments. Massive dams
and reservoirs were built to collect the floods
that came from the melting snows of the
mountains, and this supply was conducted
to rainless localities.
Exactly how much plunder the conquer
ors under Pizarro secured can never be
known. Bobinson, Prescott and other his
torians tell amazing tales of the wealth of
the Incas how Alahualpa's faithfnl sub
jects piled the room in which he waV im
prisoned fnll of gold to the very top in vain
efforts to satisfy the avarice of his captors,
and all agree that the precious metals torn
from the temples of Cuzco alone amounted
to more than $90,000,000. It is known that
the 20 per cent which the Spanish King
claimed as bis share of the loot, was enough
to restore financial credit to impoverished
Spain. Millions more went to the church;
enormous sums were expended in the erec-
Batlor and Admiral of Chilean Navy.
tion of convents, monasteries, palaces for
the viceroys and other public buildings; and
enough remained to enrich every impe
cunious adventurer who came to tbe coast,
Fannie B. Wakd.
HOfiOBS SH0W3BED OK A H0ESE.
Ho Was a Veteran of the' War and Flags
Float Over His Grave.
"Old Spot," tbe celebrated old .war horse
owned by Captain T. V. Quackenbush, of
Portland, captain ot Company G, Third
Michigan Cavalry, died Wednesday, aged
39 years, says the Grand Bapids Telegram.
He was captured from a Confederate soldier
near Oxford, Miss., December 3, 1862, and
was ridded by Captain Quackenbush all
through the remainder of the war, and
brought home and used upon his farm until
the past two years, when old age secured
him a discharge from farther service. He
passed through the war uninjured.
He has participated in all the Decoration
Day exercises held in Portland since their
inauguration by the old soldiers, marching
in the procession with great dignity, and al
ways garlanded with flowers. He was a
fine bred animal, and was buried with mili
tary honors Wednesday afternoon at sun
down, Ills funeral being largely attended.
The Stars and Stripes will float over his
grave every pleasant day.
iiif
.. Mf
FASHIONABLE CBIME.
A Passional Phase to Parisian Mur
ders Catches the Jury flow.
THE SOCIAL REIQN OF MR?; AYER.
Hospital Statistics Show an Incredible
Lack of Cleanliness.
VICTOR HUGO'S DAUGHTER WDDD
ICOHEESFONEEKCE OF TUB DISPATCH.
" Pakis, Feb. 22. Paris is at'this moment,
or has been for some time, the nucleus of
what may be called the epidemic ot passion
al crimes. This crime passionnel is a new
invention. It is the latest successor of
maniacal irresponsibility. Now, when
criminal misdeeds are committed, if tbe
counsel can deftly give them the passional
color he is sure in advance of a certain meas
ure of tavor with the jury. There is that in
the French character which makes tbe crime
committed because of the passions more or
less sympathique. A passional crime is not
a sordid crime, in other words.
One hears of this neWorder of crime continually-now
in the French papers and
books. And, whether this corollary may be
regarded as cause or effect, the youth of
France seems especially given to it at the
same moment. The form the passional
crime generally takes is the murder of a
woman by some fellow who loves or fancies
he loves her. The recent murder of Madam
Dida by young Vladimirof is exactly
typical. It is curions to observe how things
of this sort multiply in waves or widening
circles. There ha?e been several similar
cases in various parts of France within
almost tbe same dates. Like occurrences
have also developed in Belgium. But it is
not tbe killing of the woman that is especi
ally original and representative in this con
tagion ot crime; it is the fact that tbe mur
derer has in almost every instance, starting
out with the alleged purpose of taking his
own life afterward, shrunk in cowardly
terror from tnis sequel at the supreme in
stant. This has caused tbe feuilletonistes
to deduce another proof of the moral and
physical decadence of the young men of
France..
Cleanly Only in Appearance.
The next day after Mardi Gras, the
capacity of the hospitals was abnormally
taxed as it always is after Mardi Gras. An
American physician, now here, was recently
giving certain points concerning the actual
bodily condition of that class of Parisians
who fill the charitable institntions. Ac
cording to this gentleman, nothing is more
delusive than the appearance of cleanliness
which characterizes the lower classes in
Paris. Yon never see an nntidy head among
the women, and even "the beggars might be
called from their point of view, cleanly.
In reality, however, these hospital patients
ire usually in an incredible conditionof
bodily filth when the outer covering is re
moved. ,
The Fiqaro has recently been publishing
some significant statistics regarding the
number and condition of the poor in Paris.
There is frightful destitution, but, as might
be expected, scarcely among the band of or
ganized beggars. This enormous band is
relatively well-to-do, as may be gathered
from the fact that it is wont yearly to give a
banquet, the covers of which come to 100
francs each. The statistics of suicide show
30 per cent of c.ses due to extreme poverty,
and 31 per cent from cerebral causes, many
of which are again traceable to destitution
in various ways. Fourteen cases spring
from family difficulties. Five from despair
because of unhappy love affairs which lat
ter fact might prove that the courage to
take their own life in consequence of mis
eries of the heart is not as completely ex
tinct as the pessimists above alluded to
would make us think.
The French Ball of the Day.
There was a characteristic French hall
given a few nights ago by Bulos, the editor
of the "Bevuedes Deux Mondes." Buloz
lives in a fine hotel in the Faubourg St,
Germain, and entertains all the serious per
sonages, the notabilities of the Academy,
and the rest. You meet there what the
Parisians call tho sommites. This did not
prevent a slightly heavy atmosphere. All
the women and young girls prepared to
dance soon assembled in one of the large
salons, tbe latter on tbe front row the still
youthful mammas on tbe back. This is the
custom of all balls in French houses. Tak
ing up this position signifies willingness for
the invitation of any cavalier that may hap
pen along.
The dancing men are to be tacitly taken
as eligible on the faith of the hostess, and
not by any means to be refused on the plea
that the girl may not know their respective
names. More than one American girl has
supported the wall throughout an entire
evening because of unfamiliarity with this
little custom, leading her to reject an unin
troduced partner.
Mrs. Ayer to tho Front.
There is always in Paris one American
woman whose salons are a sort of rallying
point and whose name is perennially ou
every tongue. A few years ago it was Mrs.
Mackay who held this peculiar position.
Now it is Mrs. J. C. Ayer. Be it observed
that it is not necessary that the woman tbns
en evidence in the colony be either hand
some, brilliant or young. Nor are her social
antecedents matters of great moment. It is
only needful that she be rich, not as the
ordinary, but as the extraordinary Amer
ican. Mrs. Ayer has this plutocratic ad
vantage. She has recently hired the superb
hotel of tbe Duchess de Monchy, and is pre
paring to give a number of fetes after
Easter.
Already her pearls, her wigs and her
kindly nature are familiar beyond the out
posts of the 8,000 American residents.
Victor Hugo's Daughter Married.
The marriage of Mile. Jeanne Hugo, the
celebrated petite Jeanne, who was tbe great
poet's idol, with young Leon Daudet, tbe
son of Alphonse Dander, excited great inter
est in the tout Paris. It appears that it was
a love match which has been preparing be
tween the young people for years. Young
Leon is but 23. There was no religious cere
mony, owing to the often expressed desire of
Victor Hugo that his grandchildren should
take no part in what he considered senseless
and obsolete rites. The corbeiller was mag
nificent The mother and.father of the briae
gave a superb silver table service. M. and
Mme. Alphonse Daudet, a diadem and
bracelets of diamonds and pearls; Mme.
Adam, jpweled sleeve buttons; George
CJairie, the artist, a fan signed with his
name; Jules Simon, an antique brocaded
sill: screen; Ueorge Hugo, Jeanne s brother.
u cuupe, eic.
A. G.
It Wasn't Wasted.
Philadelphia llmes.l
."Why, Maud" remarked the young hns
band 'rather dolefully, after they had re
turned from their tour, "that thousand dol
lar check your father gave as a wedding
girt along with his blessing is no good."
"Oh, Henrv, I am so'sorry. And to think
that of papa.''
"Still, it's all right," he continued, when
he saw how bad she felt over it "I'll give
it to you every time you want money for
going shopping."
Jrr;ft
A FANTASTIC TALE, INTRODUCING HYPNOTIC THEORIES.
WlUTl'KN TOE THE DISPATCH
BY P. MARION CRAWFORD,
Author of "Mr. Isaacs," "Dr. Claudius," "A Roman Singer," and
Many Other Stories That Have Taken Sank as
Standard Literature.
CHAPTEE XI.
"It is safe to do that," answered the
Wanderer, with a smile, "unless you can
find at least one reaon far stronger than
those you give. Ypng and passably good
looking men are not rare, and as for men of
genius who have led interesting lives, many
thousands have been pointed out to me.
Then why, by any conceivable chance,
should your choice fall on me?"
"Perhaps, because I am so fond of yon
already," said TJhorna, looking away, lest
her eyes should betray what was so far be
yond fondness. "They say that the most en
during passions are either born in a single
instant, or are the result of a treacherously
increasing liking. Take the latter case.
THE CAEEIAGE STOPPED BETOEE
Why is it impossible for you or for me? We
are slipping from mere liking into friend
ship, and for all I know we may some day
fall headlong from friendship into love. It
would be very foolish, no doubt, hut it
seems to me quite possible. Do you not see
it?"
The Wanderer laughed lightly. It was
years since he had laughed, until this friend
ship had begun.
"What can I say?" he asked. "If you,
the woman, acknowledge yourself vulner
able, how can I, the man, be so discourteous
as to assure you that I am proof? And
yet, I feel that there is no danger for either
ofns." N
. "You are still sure?"
"And'if there were, what harm would be
done?" he laughed again. "We have no
plighted word to break, and I, at least, am
singularly heart free. The world would not
come to an untimely end if we loved each
He Took Her Band and Left Her.
other. Indeed, the world would bare noth
ing to say about it"
"To melt would not," said TJnorna, look
ing down at her clasped hand'. "But to
you what would the world say, if it learned
that you were in love with TJnorna, that you
were married to the Witch?"
"The world? What is the world to me,
or what am I to it?" What is my world? If
it is anything, it consists of a score of men
and women who chance to be spending their
allotted time on earth in that corner of the
globe in which I was borp, who saw me
grow to manhood, and who most incons e
quently arrogate to themselves tbe privilege
or criticising my actions, as tbey criticise
each other's, who say loudly that this is
right and that is wrong, and who will be
gathered indue time to their insignificant
fathers with their own insignificance thick
upon them, as is meet and just. If that is
the world, I am not afraid of its judgment,
in tbe verv improbable case ofmy tailing in
i ,:.i. C
luve Mini yvu,
TJnorna shook her head. There was a
momentary relief in discussing the conse
quences of a love not yet born in him.
'That would not be all," she said. "You
have a country, you have a home, you have
obligations you have all those things
which I have not "
"And not one of those which you have."
She glanced at him again, for there was a
truth in the words, which hurt her. Love,
at least, was hers in abundance, and he bad
it not.
"How fooltsh it is to talk like thisl" she
exclaimed. "After alf, when people love
they care very little what the world says. If
I loved any one" she tried to laugh care
lessly "I am sure I should be indifferent
to everything or everyone else."
"I am sure you would be," assented the
Wnnderer.
"Why?" She turned rather suddenly
upon him. "Why are you sure?"
"In tbe first place because yon say so,
and secondly because yob have the kind of
nature which is above common opinion."
"And what kind of nature may that be?"
"Enthusiastic, .passionate, brave."
"Have I so many good qualities?"
"I am always telling you so."
"Does it give you pleasure to tell me what
you think ot me?"
"Does it pain you to bear it?" asked tbe
Wanderer, somewhat surprised at the uncer
tainty of her temper, and involuntarily
curious as to the cause of tho disturbance.
"Sometimes it does," TJnorna answered.
"I suppose I have grown awkward and
tactless m my lonely life. You must for-J
give me if I do not understand my mistake.
But since I have annoyed you I am sorry
for it Perhaps you do not like such speeches
because you think I am flattering you and
turning compliments. You are wrong if
you think that. I am sincerely attached to
you, and I admire you very much. May I
not say as much as that?"
"Does it do any good to say it?"
"If I may speak of you at all, I .may ex
press myself with pleasant truths."'
"Truths are not always pleasant. Better
not to speak of me at any time."
"As you will," answered the Wanderer,
bending his head as though in submission to
'her commands. Bnt he did not continue the
conversation, and a long silence ensued.
He wondered what ias passing in her
mind, and his reflections led to no very
definite result, Even if the idea of her
loving him had presented itself to his intelli-
THE DOOE OF KAFKA'S HOUSE.
gence he would have scouted it, partlv on
tbe ground ot its apparent improbability,
and partly, perhaps, because he had of late
grown really indolent, and would have re
sented any occurrence which threatened to
disturb the peaceful, objectless course of his
days. He put down her quick changes of
mood to sudden caprice, which he excused
readily enough.
"Why are yott so silent'" TJnorna asked
altera time.
"I was thinking of you," he answered
with a smile. "And since you forbade me
to speak of yo, I said nothing."
"How literal you are!" she exclaimed Im
patiently. "I could see no' figurative application of
your words," he retorted, beginning to be
annoyed at ber prolonged ill humor,
"Perhaps- there was none."
"In that case "
"Oh, do not arguel I detest argument in
all shapes, and most of all when I am ex
pected to answer it. You cannot understand
me yon never wilW She broke off sud
denly and loosed at him.
She was angry with him, with herself,
with everything, and in her anger she loved
him tenfold better than before. Had he not
been blinded by his own absolute coldness
he must have read her heart in the look she
gave him, for his eyes met hers. But he
saw nothing. The glance had been involan
tary, but TJnorna was too thoroughly a wo
man not to know all that it had expressed
and would have conveyed to the mind of
anyone not utterly incapable of love,
all that it might have betrayed even to this
man who was her friend and" talked of being
her brother. She realized with terrible
vividness the extent of her own passion and
the appalling indifference of its object A
wavo of despair rose and swept over her
heart. Her sight grew dim and she was
conscious of sharp physical pain. She did
not even attempt to speak, for she had no
thoughts which could take the shape of
words. She leaned back in her chair and
tried to draw her breath, closing her eyei
and wishing she were alone.
"What is the matter?" asked the wan
derer, watching her in surprise.
She did not answer. He rose and stood
beside her, and lightly touched her hand.
"Are you ill?" he asked again.
She pushed him away, almost roughly.
"No," she answered shortly.
Then, all at once, as though repenting of
tfer gesture, her hand sought his again,
pressed it bard for a moment, and let it falL
Keyork Meets the Wandsrer.
"It is nothing," she said. "It will pass.
Forgive me."
"Did anything X said" he began.
"No, no-bow absurd I"
"Shall I go? Yes you would rather be
alone " he hesitated.
"No yes yes, go away and come back
later. It is the heat, perhaps is it not hot
here?"
"I dare say." he answered, absently.
He took her hand and then left her, won
dering exceedingly over a matter which was
of the simplest'
It was some time before TJnorna realized
that he was gone. She had soffertd. sever
shock, not to be explained by any word or
words which he bad spoken, as much as by
the revelation of her own utter powerless
ness, of her total failure to touch his heart,
but most directly of all. the consequenceof
a sincere passion, which was assuming das
serous proportions, and which threatened to
i"- -a. S
A