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18
THE PITTSBURG DISPATCH. SUNDAY? DECEMBER 7, ' 1B90.
shoulders, and peering under his eyebrows
nervously. Tbe drink had been at work as
steadilv as Dick.
"Is it you?" siid Torpenhow.
"All tnat's left of inr. Sit down. Binkie's
quite well, and I've been doing; some good
work." lie reeled where he stood.
"VTou've done some of the worst work
you've ever done in your life. Man alive,
you're "
Torpenhow turned to his companions ap
ppalingly, and thev left the room to fiud
lunch elsewhere. Then he spoke; but, since
the reproof of a lricnd is ranch too sacred
and intimate a thing to be printed, and since
Torpenhow used figures and metaphors
vtiich were unseemly, and contempt un
translatable, it will never be known what
was actually said to Dick, who blinked and
winked and picked at his hands. After a
time the culprit began to feel the need of a
little belf-respect. He was quite sure that
he had not in "anyway departed from virtue,
and there were reasons, too, of which Tor
penhow knew nothing. He would explain.
He rose, tried to straighten his shoulders,
and spoke to the fare he could, hardly see.
"You are right," he said. "But I am
right, too. Alter you went away I had,
some trouble with my eyes. Sol went to
an oculist, and he turned a gasogene I
mean a gas engine into ray eye. That was
very long ago. He said, 'Scar on the head
sword cut and optic nerve." Make a note
of that. So I am going blind. I have tome
work to do before I go blind, and I suppose
that I must do it. I cannot see much now,
but I can ee best when I pm drunk. I did
sot know I was drunk till I was told, but X
must go on with my work. If you want to
see it, there it is." He pointed to the all
but completed Melancoha and looked for
applause.
Torpenhow said nothing, and Dick began
to whimper feebly tor joy at seeing Torpen
how again, for grief at misdeeds if, indeed,
they were misdeeds that mada Torpenhow
remote ana unsympatheticvsnd lor childish
vanity hurt, since Torpenhow had not given
a word of praise to his wonderful picture.
Bessie. looked through the kevhole alter a
long-pause, and sawthe two walking up and
down as usuil, Torpcnhow's hand on Dick's
shoulder. Hereat she said something so
improper that it shocked even Binkie, who
1 was dribbling patiently on the landing with
the hope of seeing his master again.
CHAPTER IX.
The lark will make her hymn to God,
The partridge calf tier brood,
"While I forget the heath I trod,
Tho fields wherein I stood.
'Tis dale to know not night from morn.
But deeper dule to know
I can but bear tbe hunter's bora
Tbat once I used to blow.
J71e Only Bon.
Itjwas the third day after Torpenhow'i
return, and his heart was heavy.
"Do you mean to tell me that yon can't
see without whisky? It's generally the other
way about."
"Can a drunkard swear on his honor?"
eaid Dick.
"1'es, if he has been as good a man as
you."
"Then I give you my word of honor," said
Dick, speaking hurriedly through parched
lips. "Old man, I can hardly see your face
now. You've kept me sober for two days
if I ever was drunk and I've done no work.
Don't keep me back any more. I den't
know when my eyes may give out. The
spots and dots and the pains and things
are crowding worse than ever. I swear I
can see all right when I'm moderately
screwed, as you say. Give me three more
sittings from Bessie and all the stuff I
want, and the picture will be done. I can't
kill mvself in three d.-.ys. It onlv means a
touch of D. T. at the worst."
"If I give you three days more will you
promise me to stop work and the other
thing, whether the picture's finished or
not?"
M can't. Tou don't know what that
picture means to me. But surely you could
pet tbe 2ilghai to help you, and knock me
down and tie me up. I shouldn't fight for
tbe whisky, but I should for the work."
"Go on, then. I give you three days; but
you're nearly breaking my heart"
Dick returned to his work, toiling as one
possessed; and the yellow devil of wbisty
stood by him and chased away the spots in
his eyes. The Melancolia iras nearly fin
ished, and was all or nearly all that he
hoped she would be. Dick jested with
Betsie, who reminded hira that he was "a
drunken beast;" but the reproof did not
move him.
"You can't understand, Bess. "We are in
sight of land now, and soon we shall lie
back and think about what we've done. I'll
give ou three months' psy when the
picture' finished, and next lime I have any
more work in hand but tint doesn't matter.
"Won't three months' pay make you hate me
lew?"
"So, it won't! I hate you, and I'll go on
haling yon. Mr. Torpenhow won't speak to
me any more. He's always looking at map
things and red-backed books."
Bessie did not say that she had again laid
siege to Torpenhow, or tbat he had at the
end of her passionate pleading picked her
up, given her a kiss, and put her outside
the door with a recommendation net to he a
little fool. He spent most of his time in the
company of the Nilgkai, and their talk was
of war in the near future, the fairing of
transports, and secret preparations oniony
the dock yards. He did not care to see Dick
till the picture was finished.
"He's doing first-class work," he said to
the Uilgbai, "and it's quite out of his regu
lar line. But, tor the matter of that, so's
his infernal drinking."
"Never mii.d. Leave him alone. When
lie has come to his senses again we'll carry
him off from this place and let him breathe
clean air. Poor Dick! J don't envy you,
Torn, when his eyes fan."
"Yes, it will be a case of 'God help the
man '.tbo's chained to our Davie." The
worst is that we don't know when it will
happen; and I believe the uncertainty and
tbe waiting here sent Dick to the whisky
Jnore than anything else."
"How the Arab who rut his head open
would grin if he knew!"
"He'sat perfect liberty to grin if he can.
He's dead. That's poor consolation now."
In the atternoon o: the third day Torpen
how hezrd Dick cilling for him. '"All" fin
ished!" he shoutea. "I've done it. Come
in! Isn't she a beauty? Isn't she a dar
ling? I've been down to hades to get her;
but isn't she worth it?"
Torpenhow looked at the head of a woman
who laughed, A full-lipped, hollow-eyed
woman ho.laughed from out of the canvas
as Dick had intended she should.
Who taught you how to do it?" said
Torpeahou. "The touch and notinn have
nothing to do with your regular work.
"What a face it isl "What eyes, and what in
solence!" Unconsciously he threw back
his head and laughed with her. "She's
seen the game played out I don't think
she had a good time of it and now she
doesn't care. Isn't that the idea?"
'Exactly."
"Where did you get the mouth and chin
from? They don't belong to Bess."
"They're someone else's. But isn't it
good? Isn't it thundering good? "Wasn't
it worth the whisky? I did it, Aloneldid
it, and it"s the best I can do." He drew bis
breath sharply, and whispered, "Just God!
what could 1 not do ten years hence, if 1 can
do this nowl By the way, what do you
think of it, Bess?"
The girl was biting her lips. She loathed
Torpenhow because he had taken no notice
of ber.
"I think it's just the horridest, beastliest
thing I ever saw," the answered, and tamed
away.
"More than you will be of that wav of
thinking, young woman. Dick, there's a
sort of murderous, viperine snggestion in
the poi'b of the head that I don't under
stand," said Torpenhow.
"That's trick work," said Dick, chuck
ling with delight of being completely under
stood. "I couldn't resist one little bit of
sheer swagger. It's a French trick, and
you wouldn't understand; but it's got at by
slewing round tbe head a trifle, and a tiny,
uny foreshortening of one side of the face
from the angle of the chin to the top of tbe
left ear. That, abd deepening tbe shadow
tinder the lobe of the ear. It was flagrant
rick-work; but, having the notion fixed, I
felt entitled to play with it. Oh, yon
beautv!"
"Amen! She is a beauty. lean feel if."
"So will every man who has any sorrow of
his own," said Dick, slapping his thigh.
"He shall see his trouble there, and, by the
Lord Harry, just when he's feeling properly
sorry lor himself he shall throw back hfs
head and laugh as she is laughing, I've
put the life of my heart and tbe light of my
eyes into her, and I don't care what comes.
I'm tired awfully tired. I think
I'll get to sleep. Take away the whisky. It
has served its turn. Oh.-and give Bessie 36
quid and 3 over for luck. Cover the pict
ure." He was asleep in the long chair, his face
white and haggard, almost bclore he had
finished tbe sentence. Bessie tried to take
Torpenhow's hand. "Aren't you never go
ing to speak to me any more?" she said; but
Torpenhow was looking at Dick-
"What a stock of vanity the man has 1
I'll take him in hand to-morrow and make
much of him. He deserves it Eh, what
wa that, Bess?"
"Nothing. I'll put things tidy here a lit
tle, and then I'll go. You could'n't give me
that three months' pay now, could yon? He
saiil you were to."
Torpenhow gave her a check and went to
his own rooms. Bessie faithfully tidied up
tbe studio, set the door ajar for flight,
emptied half a bottle of turpentine on a
duster, and began to scrub the face of the
Melancolia viciously. The paint did not
smudge quickly enough. She took a palette
knife and scraped, following each stroke
with the wet duster. Iu five minutes the
picture was a formless, scarred muddle, of
colors. She threw the paint-stained duster
into the studio stove, stuck out her tongue
at the sleeper, and whispered, "Bilked!" as
she turned to rundown tbe staircase. She
would never see'Torpeahow any more, but
she had at least done harm to "the man who
had come between her and her desire and
who used to make fun of her. Cashing tbe
check was the very cream of the jest to
Bessie. Then the little privateer sailed
across the Thames, to be swallowed up in
the gray wilderness of South-the-water.
Dick slept till late into the evening, when
Torpenhow dragged him off to bed. His
eyes were as bright as his voice was hoarse.
"Let's have another look at the picture," he
said, as insistently as a child.
"You go to bed," said Torpenhow.
"You aren't at all well, though you mayn't
know it. You're as Jumpy as a cat."
"I reform to-morrow. Good night."
As he repassed through the audio, Tor
penhow lilted the cloth above the picture,
and almost betrayed himself by outcries :
"Wiped out I scraped out and turped out 1
If Dick knows this to-night he'll go per
fectly mad. He's on the verge of jumps as
it is. That's Bess the little fiend 1 Only a
woman could have done that with the ink
not dry on the check, too I Dick will be
raving mad to-morrow. It was all mr fault
for trving to help gutter devils. Oh. mr
poor Dick, the lord is hitting you very
hard 1"
(To be continued next Sunday.)
EEMAEKABLE EAREDJGS.
Tho Blocks That Stretch the Lobes of
South American T"'bth.
Ifew York World.
Along the various streams which are trib
utary to the mighty Amazon in South Amer
ica lives a peculiar tribe of Indians, the
Oregones, or "Big Ears." They live near
the Napo river, one of the tributaries of the
Amazon, and are entirely naked, if we
except the wonderful "earrings" worn by
them. They have a custom of introducing
a bit of wood into a slit in the ear
and gradually increasing the size of it
until the lobe hangs upon the shoulder.
The Honstcr Earring.
The accompanying cut shows the style of
"earriug" worn by the Oregones. It is made
of a very light species of wood, hollowed
An Indian n His Glory.
out and filled in with a substance similar to
and as light as chalk. The rings in the cen
ter probably denote the title or dignity of
the wearer. It is fully two inches in diam
eter and is worn with the flat side toward
the head. The one illustrated was taken
by permission from the "gentleman"
whose stoic features appear herewith.
A P0BTBAIT OF CLEOPATBA,
It li the Only Authentic One Which Is Known
to Archaeologists.
Fall Mill Budget.
The question of Cleopatra's beauty is an
old one, but has been brought into fresh
prominence bv Sardou's "Cleopatra" and
Mrs. Langtry's revival of Shakespeare's
play. The only authentic portrait of Cleo
patra that is knows to archaeologists is a bust
which appears on a series of coins. It
is on the reverse, and bears the inscription
in Greek, "Queen Cleopatra, the Divine,
the Younger." while on the obverse is a
portrait of "Antony, Dictator for the Third
Time, Triumvir."
The workmanship of the coin is far from
good, and this accounts in some measure for
the undeniably plain appearance of the
Queen. Yet the likeness, as far as the
leatures go, js a true pne, for the other coins
of the same series, though of a different
type, give her the same features anaquilfne
nose, a strong chin, a long neck, and narrow
shoulders. The fact is that her beauty was
not so remarkable as one would think from
the 6pell she cast over Cajsar and Antony.
Plutarch, for instance, tells us "that her
beauty in itself was by no means incompara
ble nor calculated to amaze those who saw
her,J' but adds that the magnetic charm of
her manner, the gracefulness of her move
ments, the persuasiveness of her conversa
tion, and her figure were most attractive.
HAITDTACTUHE OF EUBESS.
It is a Fact and Not a Theory, and an Array
of Lovely Gems Confronts Us.
"What is tbe use of exploring unknown
and dangerous countries for rubies when the
secret of their artificial production has been
discovered? This was the question, says
the Pall Mall Hudrjet, which the Academy
of Sciences discussed on the report of .MM".
Fremy and Verneuil, who lor some time
past have been making chemical ex
periments on tbe manufacture of these
stones. Morevaluahle than mere theory was
the fact that the two chemists exhibited
some hundreds of specimens of the glitter
ing red crystals they had succeeded in pro
ducing. The rubies were admitted by all
to be much superior to anything hitherto
manufactured. No little danger, however,
attends tbe process. The chemicals have to
be lused with a heat so intense that M. Ver
neuil during the course of the experiments
nearly lost his sight. "While manufacturing
rabies the two chemists louod that at a cer
tain stage of tbe operations crystals of the
color of sspphires were produced, but the
hue hitherto obtained has not been equal to
the tint of the real gem.
Im - III
n7 l'
DR. KOCfTSSECRET.
It is the Third Step in the "inves
tigations of the Processes, ef.
Fermentation.
LATOISIEE FOUND THE GEEM,
Pasteur Explained the Talne of tbe DIscot-
try in Surgery, and in the Care
of Diseases,
AHD THE GERMAN MlKES IT USEFUL
Tat Printiplt ef Ttcebsuoa tad til Trtstaral ef tat
Drtti HyirojloHs.
pnuTTXx roa tot Disri.TCn.1
If the world were informed some morning
that England had become a republic or that
the United Slates had transformed them
selves into a monarchy, I
think it safe to say that
every intelligent person
would be vastly surprised.
And with good reason, for
certainly the results of any
such change of govern-
Germ Balloon, ment wonld be of surpass
ing importance, not only to the nations im
mediately concerned, but also to humanity
itself. Important, however, as these results
would be, they would be of little moment as
compared with the results of a revolution
which, silently and almost imperceptibly,
has already taken place.
Twenty-five years ago physicians were
almost wholly in the dark as to the res.1
cause of contagious diseases. To a man
who is not a physician bnt a chemist and
biologist of a high rank we ate indebted for
our first knowledge of a -ne'tr scieuce,
bacteriology, the successive discoveries in
which have compelled us to change all onr
preconceived notions in regard to these
maladies, which have so long weighed down
the human race; to Louis Pasteur we ate
indebted for this great discovery,
IT IS A SEW SCIENCE.
"What is bacteriology? It is the science
which treats of microbes and which has
overthrown from top to bottom all our ideas
about the causes and treatment of diseases,
as well as abont anatomy, pathological
physiology, therapeutics and hygiene. This
new science, then, has brought about an
almost complete revolution in medicine,
and, as I will show later on, has possessed
considerable importance for, the champion
of the social doctrines of solidarity.
If we search among ancient writers we
shall find that some men 'of genius among
them intuitively divined the hidden nature
of contagions. More than 200 years ago
not to go back to prehistoric times Robert
Boyle, an English author, in his "Essays
on the Pathological Part of Physic." ex
pressed the opinion tbat whoever could gain
an insight into lermentatiou and the nature
of ferments would be more apt to compre
hend certain diseases, fevers especially, than
he who knew nothing of the laws governing
fermentation. For a long time after Boyle's
death, however, the origin of fermentation
remained a proiound mystery.
T1IE TYPE IS YEAST.
That the reader may see the importance of
Boyle's prediction and gain some idea of
the vast amount of work done in this direc
tion during the past few years I propose to
show how the study of those fermentations,
which are caused by different organisms,
began. Of these organisms the prototype is
yeast, or Torula cerevisite. Let us see now
what alcoholic termentation takes place in
phenomena known throughout all antiqnity.
The must of grapes, beer or any other
sugary substance becomes filled under a
favorable temperature with bnbbles of air
which accumulate on the surface, forming a
mass ot loam more or less thick. The liquid
babbles up, the saccharine taste disappears,
giving place to a peculiar
savor according to the na
ture of the fermented
liquor. That this phen
omenon presents such an
aspect has been known for
ages, but only quite re
cently has the cause of
the phenomenon been dis
covered. The first step
was to acquire a thorough
knowledge of the gas
which is set free from the
liquor during the process
of fermentation. This
step was not taken until a
century ago. 'Ibenitwas Germ Balloon.
necessary to find out what relation exists
between the alcohol accumulated in the
liquor, the carbonic acid which is set free
and the sugar which the liquid originally
contained, and which subsequently disap
peared. That he solved this problem is one
of Lavoisier's crowning glories.
LAVOISIER'S DISCOVERT ABOUT SUGAR.
In a vase filled with water he melted a
certain amount of sugar; then, in order to
cause a regular alcoholic fermentation, he
added a little yeast. When fermentation
took place he weighed the vase a second
time and, allowing for loss of weight, calcu
lated how much carbonic acid had escaped.
Next, by means of several distillations, he
separated from the liquor the'alcohol formed
by fermentation and by adding the weight of
the alcohol to that of the carbonic acid, h'a
was enabled to calculate almost to a nicety
the weight ot the sugar, which he had orig
inally put into the liquor. From his experi
ments he arrived at the conclusion that fer
mentation is a simple division of sugar into
alcohol and carbonic acid.
This discovery made a great stir in the
world and for the first time the obscure pro
cess of fermentation, which had hitherto ap
peared the most impenetrable mystery of
nature, was fully explained and "made in
telligible hy a simple formula. The inmost
secrets of fermentation, however, still re
maining hidden, and though the simple for
mula showed the how, the why remained
still unexplained and no one yet suspected
the real nature of the yeast, which is added
to the liquor and really causes termentation.
.A HISTORICAL SKETCH.
According to certain distinguished chem
ists every modification which oecnrs in an
organic body, and is caused by the addition
to that organic substance of asmall portion
of matter extracted from another fermented
substance, was due to a particular chemical
phenomenon, to an initial force, which they
styled catalytic. This word etudently' did
not signify very muchmt like many other
senseless words, it satisfied the human
spirit, which is too often contented with ex
planations that really explain nothing.
Liebig, for example, believed in the cata
lytic lorce theory until the end bf his life, '
"What, then, are the component p3rts of
this yeast tbat forms a sort of foam on the
urface of fermented liquors or a deposit at
the bottom ot the vessels which contain
them? What, in a word, is this
yeast which in so small a volume
conceals such an occult and double force?.
Prior to any microscopic analysis a chemi
cal analysts had been made and had made
clear the analogy of the yeast to animal sub
stances. Since then deep attention has been
given to the formation of yeait'and to the
phenomena whiih accompany its varions
modifications, and the great result of these
studies is the revolution to which I have re
ferred, and which, more effectively than' all
the woes and revolutions which has ensan
guined the face of tbe globe, is bound tore
adjust radically and for its good the society
of mankind. '
TVnAT THE MICEOSCOM TOLD.
Xes, through a microacopio speck, Invisi
ble to the keenest eye which hpptuj$ibe aid
of special optical instruments, .will be
brought about upheavals whichSwM prove
most beneficent for man, who Ms htnft
self descended from a microtcopib1 a tea!
In 1680 Lewenhock described he formation
of the component parts ol yeast and assigned
to them 'an oval or spherical form. His ex
periment,, instead of being appreciated as it
should have been, was forgotten andbore no
fruit.thongh since then several savants have
drawn attention'toit, and it was not until
1830 tbat Cagniard-Latour demonstrated be
yond doubt the living nature of yeast.
He described the buds which shoot off from
each little globule. He pointed out how
from these buds other buds branch out and
multiply, and be insisted that if yeast acted
on sugar in such a manner as to produce
alcohol and carbonic acid the process was
doubtless effected by means of inherent
vegetation and life.
The time for scientific appreciation of such
a discovery, had not yet arrived, and opposed
'as they were to established opinions, Cagn-iard-Latour's
ideas had to fight hard for
recognition. Indeed, -several years passed
before tbe genius of Pasteur established be
yondquestlon the fact that lite enters into
the process of fermentation. Nay, Pasteur
did even more; he proved that fermentation
and contagionjire intimately connected, and
it is to his progressive ideas that we owe the
great, and beneficent revolution, the results
of which we already see and the principle
of which wiis bitterly opposed at first; just
as every new scientific idea has been bitterly
opposed at Its birth.
rUTTIN a FACTS TOGETHER.
"When Pasteur had finished his researches
in regard to yeast and alcoholic fermenta
tion, he studied lactic, tartaric, butyric fer
mentations, etc. He was the first to make
pure cultures in each case by producing in a
given liquid one or another fermentation at
his pleasure. By his experiments he re
duced to silence the advocates of spontane
ous generation, who were his most violent
opponents, lin 1850 Dr. Dwaine, another
.French savant, had discovered in the blood
ot animals little sticks, which he described
as microscopic algce. Some years later, see-
mg that tbe butyric fermentation described
by Pasteur closely resembled the "algce"
which he had described, he a second time
directed the attention of the medical profes
sion to the public
Meanwhile, Pollinderin Germany had de
ribescd the microbe. 'Koch and then Pas
teur cultivated this organism without tbe
aid of sick ani
mals. Thus the
study of bacteriol
ogy began. Other
discoveries soon
folIowed;many in
tellects were sud
denly illumined
by the glory of
the achievements,
so intrinsically
important, and
the result was
that different mi
crobes were suc
cessively discov
ered for the differ
ent contagious
diseases. The sim
plicity and truth
Germ Intubator.
of the new doctrines quickly impressed a
large number of methodic investigators, ana
though it would not be correct to say that
no opposition was encountered,' it is gener
ally conceded that hardly any other revolu
tionary theory has met with so ready and
general an acceptance.
THE OBJECTIONS THAT WERE RAISED.
At first many physicians opposed the new
doctrines, denying the existence of microbes,
and subsequently, when they saw that this
argument was absurd, maintaining that
they were not the cause of disease but were
developed through disease in the bodies ot
human beings or animals. The fallacy of
this argument was made apparent by experi
ments which demonstrated that the pure
culture of the same microbe always brought
about tbe same disease, and, this fact being
indisputably proved, the ranks of those op
posed to the parasitic theories became lament
ably thinned.
Certain bigots, unwilling to admit that
they were vanquished, invented then that
specious argument, according to which it is
not the microbe which causes disease, but
rather its secretions, which act upon the
organism and give rise to the symptoms
which we study. An argument of this sort,
however, was equivalent to an admission of
defeat. To-day there remain only a few un.
important reactionaries, who, refusing to
give credence to established facts, find it
easier to blindly deny than to zealously
strive to comprehend the new ideas. This
opposition is futile and will soon be for
gotten. A GREAT REVOLUTION.
To-day all serious scientific investigators
agree that a living germ exists wherever
there is contagion, and thus have been dis
covered the microbes of typhoid fever,
smallpox, measles, pneumonia and various
other diseases, and thus, as I said before,
bas the study ot the causes of diseases been
completely modified. Anatomists discovered
in tissues the very microbes to which their
attention has been directed, and the relation
of cause aud effect being thus established the
anatomy of diseases took an entirely new di
rection. Seeing tbat tbe germs of contagious and
epidemic diseases, such as cholera, yellow
(ever, typhoid fever, smallpox and other
maladies, develop and have their home in
badly drained towns and other nuhcilthy
quarters, boards of health promptly ordered
prophylactic measures hitherto rather
neglected, and saw that they were applied
to streets, sewers and water supplies in hos
pitals and houses. As a natural result the
practice of public and private hygiene at
tained in a few years a surprising develop
ment. It only remains for me now to treat
briefly of the principal changes which
therapeutics, or the treatment of diseases,
has undergone, and to say what hopes,based
on tbe new discoveries, we should have for
the future. 4 t
THE PRINCIPLE OF VACCINATION.
During recent years tbe march of progress
in this direction has been strikingly rapid.
First, Pasteur pointed out how the virus
that is to say, the contagious germs could
be attenuated bv exposing the hen cholera
cultures to the air and also proved that a
small portion of these cultures would no
longer kill animals, though a similar injec
tion had produced a latal effect some weeks
previously. The inoculation, however, had
not be'en without result. The animal had
suffered and had experienced the mild symp-toui-i
of mortal disease, and the result showed
that the mitigated attack was a safeguard
agaipst the inoculation of the virulent mi
crobes, which had caused the death of tbe
animals into whom the attenuated culture
ha.d not been injected. Experimental vac
cination was discovered. Its practical ap
plication was soon 'made ou a grand scal,e.
By an analogous process Pasteur attenuated
tbe virus of the anthrox.
By this disease cattle valued at several
million francs had been annually carried off
in Prance. Since the introduction of anti
carbonic vaccination after Pasteur's method,
lmwever, the loss of cattle has been reduced
to a minimum. Other experiments, less
brilliant, were made with not less success as,
tor example, in cases of hog cholera and
contagious pleuro-pneumonia among cattle.
Finally, after several years of continuous
work and of experiments conducted with a
sagacity which does honor to the human
race," Pasteur added to his other great
achievements by discovering a means by
which human beings can be preserved from
diseases which have hitherto been considered
fatil. By means of inoculations of virus,
the strength of which was successively in
creased, he showed how it was possible to
prevent the development of maducss after a
bite.
THE HYDROPHOBIA CURE.
Clearly as the value of Pasteur's method
has been demonstrated by experiments and
tbe testimony of inoculated persons, it
nevertheless encountered ahostof opponents
so natural it is lor man to repulse at first
every new truth which runs counter to their
cherished opinions. To-day, however, very
few scientists worthy of the name are cfpen
disbelievers in this great new discovery.
Aud surely this is not surprising, consider
ing, how successfully pitieuis have been
treated alter Pasteur's method.
' Some time ago in the suburbs of Bucha
rest a man wolf bit 13 persons and 33 domes
tic animals horses, dogs, cows and pigs.
Eleven of the persons bitten were treated in
time and are tc-dayu in perfect health. Of
tbe two other persons one died of his wounds
and the other neglected to apply for treat
ment and died in terrible agony of hydro
phobia. Of the 33 animals bitten not one
escaped, all dying of madness This case
has the value of an experiment conducted
on a grand scale. At present, in spite of
some tntile opposition, persons who have
been bitten by mad animals take the advice
of their physicians and do not hesitate to go
for treatment to the nearest institute. There
are several of these establishments in Eu
rope, India and America, and so far more
than 15,000 persons have been inoculated.
Thanks to the constant Improvement of the
method the cases of failure alter, treatment
are continually diminishing.
WORK DONE IN NEW YORK CITY.
In the New York Pasteur Institute about
160 persons have been inoculated between
March and the end of November. Of these
a large number ap
plied for treatment
after having seen other
persons or animals
bitten by the same
dogs die of hydro
phobia. These cases
were certainly grave,
and yet in every in
stance, thank the
gods, the treatment
proved efficacious.
During this period I
have heard of 24 cases
of death in the United
States as the result of
hydrophobia. In a
pamphlet which I am
about to publish' I
give the namc3 of the - Water Filler.
districts in which these deaths occurred. I
do not hesitate to say that if these 2i persons
had come, as the 160 came, to the New York
Pasteur Institute for treatment they would
to-day be in good health and not the victims
of a most horrible death.
When we consider what medicine was 20
years ago we must see that an incomparable
advance has been made in this art, which is
becoming more and more an exact science.
But it is not only in the case of internal
diseases that medicine has been revolution
ized hy the new discoveries that we owe to
bacteriology; the new science has also been
applied to surgery with results that canuot
fail to convince the most skeptical. The
study of microbes showed that the unhealthy
condition of sores, whether accidental or
natural, was dde to the introduction into
tbe lymphatic and blood vessels of disease
breeding bacteria, and tbat thus erysipelas
was caused in one instance, septicemia in
another, tetanus in a third, and that, in
fine, all secondary poisonings fonnd after
surgical operations could be traced to this
source.
A BENEFIT TO SURGERY.
After having discovered the cause of these
complications and tbe existence of disease
breeding germs, which swarm irom the sores
to the farthest recesses of the human body,
bacteriology discovered substances by which
the development of those germs could best
be prevented, or rather agents by which the
microbes could most readily be destroyed
without injuring the human tissues. By aid
of this new discovery surgeons have been
able to try thousands of operations of which
they have heretofore never dreamed or which
they have only practiced in fear and trem
bling. Availing itselt of tbe safeguards in
dicated by bacteriology, surgery is able to
open joints, to burrow in the abdomens, to
open the chests and skulls of sick persons
without making them run the terrible risk
which attended these operations only a few
years ago.
Lister, the English surgeon, was one of
the first who used in his practice the theories
of Pasteur, and it may be mentioned that
he sent the great discoverer a letter which
was full of thanks and congratulations and
which certainly marks the beginning of a
new era for the practice of surgery. It goes
without saying and I need not insist on
this point that physicians'appreciate better
than laymen the scope of tbe great revolu
tion which these new discoveries have
brought about in the art of Hippocrates.
EVERY DOCTOR A BACTERIOLOGIST.
xne new discovery of which all men are
talking now will make my meaning entirely
clear. I do not desire to prolong this article
by describing at length the recent work of
iDr. Koch on the core of .tuberculosis. On
this subject the reader knows almost as
much as I do. If, however (and all the
facts point in that direction), it is necessary
to use cultures, from which is so be ex
tracted by chemical process matter secreted
by the microbe with the object of preparing
the injection, through which the disappear
ance of the noxious microbes is to be brought
about, then the physician will be compelled
either to become himself a chemist and
bacteriologist or to apply to another for the
necessary curative elements, If he adopts
the latter course he must resign himself to
play a secondary role, which will be humil
iating to his professional dignity.
It may be argued that the physician will
be able to receive the remedy lrom a labora
tory as to-day he receives the vaccinal
lymph or any other remedy which his
patient can proenre from any drug store.
The present case, however, is different and a
self-respecting physician cannot be satisfied
with merely practicing the discoveries of
others and doing uo work in tbat direction
himself. Moreover, patients will go with
far more confidence to the man who applies
the cure directly.
CHANGED THE BASIS OF SURGERY.
To resume, the biological discoveries,
which have been made during the past few
years, have completely changed the basis of
surgery and medicine. I have shown how
tar tue surgeon a neia ot action has ex
tended, and shall now cast a glance into the
future, where I see most consoling and bene
ficent outlook for our race.
And first I see clearly that by means of
these recent discoveries in regard to germs,
which are contagious and to some extent
tangible, the solidarity which unites us all,
rich as well as poor, has bepn proved in a
clearer and more satisfactory manner than
has ever fallen to the lot of all the apostles
of universal fraternity. How is tbat? How
can it concern me, who am wealthy, if my
neighbor dies of wretchedness? I will tefl
you how it concerns you. Your neighbor's
wretcheduess, which a little effort1 I do not
even say a little sacrifice on your part
could alleviate and render harmless, is a
standing menace to your healthy to your life
and to the lives ot your family,"lor the
reason that the misery which surrounds him
and his children, favors the development of
microbes, which are" the germs of all conta
gions, and from his body will escape'all the
morbid elements which will bring consump
tion to you and to your children diphtheria,
meningitis and, in one word, death.
THE TRIUMPH OF SCIENCE.
Long enough has humanity patiently
paid tribute to the mmotaurs of contagion's
and epidemics. At last man, a new Theseus,
has gained the victory, and, thanks to tbe
strides of experimental science, is enabled
to move freely in the midst of his van
quished enemies. To-day he holds on the
point of his scalpel the elements of those
mysterious miasmas which, have rightly,
and as it by intuition, beeu considered the
sources of these dreadful scourges; he con
fines them in cryrtal vials; be watches their
development by tbe aid of perfect instru
ments; he is enabled to test the action of the
different chemical compositions which he
extracts from surrounding objects which
nature furnishes to him. He knows now
the strong and the .weak points of this
enemy, which was only formidable be 'ore
because it could neither be seen nor grasped.
We can foresee the day when thousauds
of lives will be preserved" from cholera and
tuberculosis, when mothers will cease to
weep over the.bodies of tfieir children who
have been carried off by the deadly germ of
diphtheria. Man will then be master of
death. And when, thanks to an evolntion
on parallel lines,! progress shall have
marched ahead in the direction of morality
as well as' in the direction of biology and
when one of tbe gates ot death shall have
been closed by medical science then, thanks
to the progress of social science, another
gate blood stained, too tbe gate of fratri
cidal woes will be closed in its turn; a new
race will necessarily be evolved, and a new
golden age will appear, and such will be
the heritage which we shaH be enabled to
bequeath 'jo posterity.
PAUL GlBIEB. M. D.
New York Pasteur Institute.
-w
MB. MACK AY'S BITAL
Charles W. Bonyuge, Who Proposes
to lay a New Atlantic Cable.
IT'3 A WAR BETWEEN- WOMEN.
Millions Won in Gold Fields to bs Fitted
igainst Each Oilier.
HIST0KI OP TUB TWO FAMILIES
rcoBHEsrojfPMrcE or thz dispatch, i
Ne-w York, Dec. C Considerable com
ment and curiosity have been caused among
financiers and official; of telegraph com
panies during the last few days by rumors
to the eflect that Mr. Charles William
Bouynge, a gentleman well known iu Lon
don, but a comparative stranger in New
York, has come to this country with the
avowed purpose of making arrangements
for the construction of another remarkable
cable.
Mr. Bonynge arrived in New York by the
Teutonic on her last trip, and he is now
staying at the Tilth Avenue Hotel. "When
questioned concerning his purpose, he said
that it was absolutely out of the question for
him to give any information whatever about
his proposed new cable. He did intend, he
said, to begin an opposition cable, bnt if be
were to give at this moment any particulars,
he would be simply playing into the hands
of his opponents. "I cannot for my life im
agine," said Mr. Bonynge, "how even the
fact that a new cable was in contemplation
has leaked out. However, to say anythiug
about it now would he premature and serve
no purpose."
IT'S AN ENGLISH COMPANY.
Mr. Bonynge, nevertheless, did say that
the stockholders were all Englishmen, but
he would not give their names because, as
be said, Englishmen dislike publicity. The
head offices would, of course, be in London,
and the cables would be manufactured on
theotber side. According to Mr. Bonynge
the transatlantic cable business is only in
its infancy; another and yet another new
cable would follow. He intimates that a
rate war would be inevitable, as the estab
lished companies would naturally do all in
theirpower to crush a new rival.
It is the impression among those who are
well informed on the subject that the object
of tbe new cable company will be to defeat
tbe Commercial Cable Company, and tbat a
long and bitter fight is contemplated. It is
well known tbat between the houses of
Mackay and Bonynge on the woman side a
bitter lend for social preferment has long
existed, and is still being carried on with
much animus. The women are inimical,
aud a latent war is the result. Both laniilies
have moved in much the same lines, and it
is doubtlul whether there has ever been
snch a parallel history as theirs.
CALIFORNIA GOLD KINGS.
Mackay and Bonynge came to this conn
try and went to Caliiornia in tbe good old
bonanza days. Neither had a cent to speak
of, yet both realized princely fortunes by
mining; both married women having a
daughter by former husbands and both sub
sequently settled with their families in tbe
English metropolis where they live in regal
stvle. The wives of both became imbued
with high social aspirations; both women,
who had emerged from every-day surround
ings, succeeded, even as their husbands had,
and are now recognized in the most select
circles. One ladv's daughter married a
foreign prince (Prince Colonna) and the
other is ambitious that her child should do
likewise. The lady whose daughter is
wedded deems tbe other lady a usurper and
the wealth of the husband is brought into
play. It is an even fight, for both men are
said to be equally rich.
Can the proposed new cable have anv
bearing upon the social controversy?
The liie and adventures of John W.
Mackay, the bonanza king, are known to
almost any school boy and the vituperative
stories about Mrs. Mackay have been read
by most adults.
THE HOUSE Off BONYNGE.
The history of Bonynge, however, on this
side of the Atlantic is but little known out
side of Caliiornia. Iu a work entitled, "Mrs.
Jonathan Abroad," an alleged complete
history of ''The Bise of the House of
Bonynge" is given, but Mr. Bonynge told
me that it was a malicious production hav
ing but little truth in fact. He knew the
source, he said, from which it emanated, but
if he knew who wrote the story he would
make It uncomfortable for him. Mr.
Bonynge is a well preserved man for his BO
years. He is about C feet 7 inches tall; car
ries himself erect, and brushes his iron gray
hair and beard carefully. He has keen gray
eyes, but cot an unkind face.
His family consists of his wife, Mrs.Bodie
S. Bonynge, and two daughters. Miss Vir
ginia Daniel-Bonvnge and Miss Louisa
Bonynge, Miss Virginia Daniel-Bonynge
is a tall, slight young lady with na decided
taste for social pursuits. She is Mrs.
Bonynge's daughter by her first marriage
with a miner nam.d William Daniel. Miss
Louisa is tbe frmt of the union between Mr.
and Mrs. Bonynge, and is spoken of as an
amiable young lady with a taste for litera
ture and the drami
EDUCATED FOE THE CHURCH.
The progress of Bonynge reads like a
romance. He is an Englishman by birth,
but while yet a very young man' he came to
this country, where, by hard toil and manly
efforts, he realized an almost fabulous for
tune. In the old country Bonynge had been
educated for the Church of England, but he
declined to accept holy orders, and his
brother, who is now tbe Dean ot Miltown,
Malbery, took his place. He realized that in
Caliiornia he must work, and, being no slug
gard, he soon got employment as superin
tendent of Woodward's Gardens iu San
Francisco.
Young Bonynge was very prudential, and
from his earnings he saved enough money to
buy one share ot stock, when his employer,
Mr. Woodward, .located the Gould & Curry
mine on the great Comstocklode. Prom this
time forth Bonynge was a made man, and it
is recorded that be never looted back, but
went straight ahead. The stock steadily ad
vanced, and, as it did so, Bonynge hypothe
cated bis share and bought others. Soon
afterward he threw up his position with Mr.
Woodward, and engaged in higher and more
remunerative pursuits. He went to Vir
ginia City, the capital.of the mining world,
where he carried on a mining and stock
dealing business.
THE FIRST HUSBAND'S TROUBLE.
Bonynge soon giew rich and powerful as
an operator,and returning to San Krancisco,
he was elected Vice President of tbe Stock
Exchange, la 1SU9, just ten years after his
arrival on the Pacific coast, he married Mrs.
William Daniel. Her maiden name was
Miss Bodie S. Stephens, and she was horn
in Sedalia, Mo., iu 1844. She belongs, how
ever to a old Virginia family, which at one
time is said to have been very wealthy.
Mr. Daniel was in prison at the time of the
marriage.
The story goes that dnring a violent quar
rel Daniel shot a man named Galwav, in
flicting a severe wound, for which he' was
tried, convicted and sentenced to four years'
imprisonment in the State prison of San
Quentin. During his incarceration Ins wife
obtained a divorce irom him, aud, becoming
acquainted with B.iuyuge they were mar
ried on June 5, 1869. Prior to her wedding
with Mr. Bonyiie. however, she had olten
thought of Daniel in jail, and at ber earn
est solicitation .the man Galway headed a
monster petition to the Governor of the
State asking tor Daniel's release, and on
April 19, 1870, the Governor signed a par
don. DIED ALONE ON THE PLAINS. '
Upon leaving prison, Daniel wandered
into the State ot Nevada, where he obtained
a precarious livelihood. A short time after
ward his dead body was found on the road
side, and on examination it wss found he
had died of heart failure. Liinnn ,
Bonynees removed to London, where they J
now live in a palatial residence in Prince's
Gate. Ex-Minister Phelps was a constant
visitor and through him the necessary in
troductions into aristocratic society were ob
tained, boon the name ol iionynge was
on every tongne. and there was not a work
of charity to which tho Bonynges did not
subscribe most liberally.
The result was that the mother and
daughters were very shortly presented to
Queen Victoria at one of Her Majesty's
drawing rooms. Here was a social victory
enough to create unknown quantities of jeal
ousy. Mr. Bonynge became renowned for
goou dinners and his wife was described as a
most charming hostess.
inE TONGUE OF ENVY.
Miss Virginia was an acknowledged
belle and much songht after both on ac
count of her beautv and her father's mill
ions, and all went swimmingly until mali
cious tongues went a-wagglng with the view
of belittling the Bonvnge pedigree.
Through all this Mr. Bonynge has looked
on serenely. He is quite a philosopher and
feels satified that whatever is said about his
successful struggle with fortune is simply
the outcome of a deep-rooted envy and mal
ice. He says that his daughters are. not
hunting after princes, dukes or lords, and
that although they will both have large
fortunes neither young lady has yet lost
her head.
Mr. Bonynge's acquaintances say that his
cable enterprise will soon be a reality.
L. N. M.
DKESS IN BUEMAH.
Women Wind Themselves In a Single Strip
of Elegant Silk.
In Burmah the poorer classes usually wear
but one garment, consisting of a single piece
of colored cotton cloth about a yard and a
half wide and of such z; length that It can be
wound around the chest or waist and fall to
fijy)fih.
WZQ2
A Burmah Belle.
the feet. The women bind this strip of
cloth tightly around the bust under the
arms, leaving the shoulders and neck bare,
and the opening folds of the dres3 are at the
front. The barefooted beauties have from
infancy been taught to walk in snch a way
that they naturally kick the dress inward
with the heels as they go along, and thus
avoid any exposure of person. The higher
classes of women have a short silk or cotton
sacque which covers the shoulders and arms.
and tbe better class wear tbe brightest of
Sims, borne or the ladies dresses consist
ing of this single strip of silk cost hundreds
of dollars, and some of tbe fine silks of tbe
world are made in Burmah. The men are
as gorgeous in their costumes as the women.
Their gowns are wound aDout tbe waist and
tied in a big knot at the front. Most men
wear a bright handkerchief tied around tbe
head, and inside of this is put up their long
hair. Both classes wear their hair long and
ear-rings or ear-plugs.
A HEW GAME
Which Slakes You Think Ton Are In m
Mining Exchange.
They have a new game in Chicago called
"Waleedi," after a defunct mine in Colo
rado, says the St. Louis Globe-Democrat,
and it you were to enter the parlor of some
one of the Chicago "400" where Waleedi is
being played you would imagine yourself
on tbe Mining Exchange. A game is called
a "fortune," a count is a "strike," a "large
strike," or a "24-inch vein." The six-spot,
knave, queen, king and ace are called
"waste cards," because they do not count;
the two, three, four and five-spot cards are
"vein cards;" the seven, eight, nine and
ten, "pocket cards;" the "pocket" cards
of a suit complete a "pocket," of
trumps a "rich pocket," and two
pockets a "chimney." The cards are dealt
and the rules and penalties are the same as
in whist, the only difference being in the
count. The game is 300. The "vein cards"
of any suit count lor as many as they have
spots, a "nocket" counts 50 and a "rich,
pocket" 75. But when you strike a "chim
ney your "fortune is made, for a "chim
ney" counts game.
A50THEB BALAKCma TSICZ.
How to Slake a Plate Swing From the Month
of a Decanter.
St. Louis Post-Dispatch.
The cook-spoon is the modest scepter of
her who governs the realms of the kitchen,
and with its assistance we are able to exe
cute a highly remarkable counterbalance
test, which seems to run in direct opposi
tion to all the laws of gravity, With the
addition of the skimmer we are enabled to
balance a plate, up side down, on the edge
of a glass or the neck of a decanter.
The Swinging Plate.
Slip the edge of the plate into the hook of
the ladle or cook-spoon, making the same
fast with a piece of cork to prevent tbe plate
from sliding about. Hook the skimmer into
the bowl ot the cook-spoon, -and after a few
manipulations you will have found the cen
ter of gravity ol the plate.
Ker Chewt
Boston Globe.
Sneeze on a Monday, you sneeze for danger;
Sneeze on a Tuesday, you kiss a stranger:
Sneeze on a Wednesday, you sneeze fora letter;
Sneeze on a Thursday for something better.
Sneeze on a Friday, you'll sneeze for sorrow;
Sneeze on a Saturday, your sweetheart to-mor-
row;
Sneezo on a Sunday, yonr safety seek.
The uevil will have you tbe rest of the weekl
A Tension for Mrs. Custer.
New York Herald.
A bill will soon be introdnred in Congress
to increase the pension of Mrs. Custer to
12,000. That is the amount which a gener
ous Government has given to the widows of
.crcmoni, JillpairlCK, xiugm, xiair sua
Ttin.n.l. nt. a I- ..a Niinn liv Yi
she
should receive smaller sum.
Mil
r i . i ftii i -&w v
jf.wm'ziAVJ'jn
BIRDS AND PLANTS
To 1)2 Fonnd on the Plains at the
Foot of the fiocky Mountains.
THE CACTI INDICATE LATITUDE.
Hoar the Familiar Meadow lark Change!
Bis Toice in the West,
A S0XG THAT CAME BACK 15 A DEEAM
nTEITTIN VOH THE DISPATCH.
On the plains, near the foot hills of the
Eocky Mountains, altitude and latitude are
so inter-convertable that the fauna and flor
of the North and South are wonderfully
blended. Here varieties of Eastern species
are interesting, because, while so like, they
are yet so unlike; and new species are con
stantly challenging the close observer's at
tention. It is remarkable how a little jour
ney into the world quickens our faculties of
observation. I have seen tourists out West
lugging around "specimens" that might
eisily have been found near home had ap
preciation of nature's treasures been as keen
there as it was abroad.
Our English friends, as a rule, are ahead
of us iu this respect The more uncultured
of them have an appreciation of the little
thing of rural li!e that very largely
broadens their field of enjoyment. The
strange wildness of tbe plains so impresses
them that they prattle about it almost as
refreshingly as a child. I recall a walk
taken some years ago with such a companion
one hot June alternoon out to the lakes
north of Denver for fish and exercise. Be
sidessome notes that are before me now, wo
got little other than the exercise.
LATITUDE AUD THE CACTI.
The plains were at their prettiest then.
The Mexican poppy, with its large, white
flowers, and the evening primrose, similar
but not so stately, surrounded by a host of
smaller beauties, were conspicuous, while
it was no strong simile to say that the
yellow and pink cacti spangled the earth as
the stars do the sky. How expressive of
climatic influences tbe cacti arel At the
North they are apt to be dwarled and melon
shaped; at the South they increase in height
till they culminate in trees in the tropics.
One can nearly tell his latitude by their
size and varieties. The common prickly
pear here scarcely puts more than one leaf
above another, while one or two hundred
miles farther south it attains an altitude, so
to speak, of four or five stories. Species of
the cacti are found on the Arkansas thatara
never seen on the Platte.
The dry air and hot sun of these high
plateaus affect familiar birds, sometimes in
plumage, sometimes in song, often in both.
Others, however, strictly maintain every
eastern peculiarity in every respect. These
latter puzzle the American evolutionist, for
the exceptions are about as great as the rule.
The English Darwinian smiles in his com
placeucy at those that do not change,
and says: "There have been no re
cent variations of the species" and
thinks the matter is rendered clear. The
one thinks if "circumstances make tho
man," they should also make the bird. The
other believes in "blood," and that the
only way to get away from it is to sport into
anew variety of the old species, and then
circumstances help to maintain the perma
nency of tbe new kind.
MEADOW LAKES OUT TVEST,
An excellent illustration is the familiar
meadow lark. His saucy chatter, his impu
dent shake of the tail, his low, jerkv, flit
ting flight, his lovely plumage and song are
amongourearliest remembrances; and when,
on the walk mentioned, one fluttered from
the ground, in the old way, to the top of a
low cottonwood, I, withont thinking, ex
pected the old song I had heard so olten'. I
knew of the Western bird's peculiarities of
song, had I thought a moment, bnt as it
gurgled forth my feelings were shocced
for the instant by the strange
perversion of a familiar melody. Con
noisseurs in bird music pronounce the
Western song the sweetest. From a strictly
musical standpoint I am compelled to ad
mit it; but as what you might expect it
seems almost a desecration, as though one
sang an old hymn in Variations or a mother
suddenly changed a strain of a familiar
lullaby from soprano- to bass.
Indeed this seems -to be the great differ
ence, that whereis tBe Eistern bird sings in
a high key and ends in a high note, theotber
maintains his song in a low pitch and ends
in a low tone with a sort of liquid gurgle
not unlike the swamp or red-winged black
bird. Again and again did this little biid,
with every attitude of his Eastern brother,
sing his new song in the old way, till my
friend caught it with his whistle and could
repeat it cleverly. In vain did I try to re
produce for him the old song. The new one
had entire possession and had perverted my
memory.
A SONG IS A DEEAM.
The matter worried me. That night, tired
and restless in my sleep the Eastern birds
sang aronnd me in a dream, and the re-
mptnnr.inpfi nf f lificnr- .v.- ...; l.;
- ....... Hv..b M liuiu ujain-
IV in mv Mrs nprt rrtnminr XT ...: i I
struggled on with the task while my body
1 thintr !t w T.t7 1...J rf..1... t. e l
brought back East an account of this old
uiru wiiu a new song, .audubon and other
naturalists hart hn f?,!l"n At.- u
- - ....... .,.., . ., wu, ulu vug
Sturnella Ludoviciana, S. Magna, etc, etc.,
uuk uuw luey yery appropriately styled tbs
new one S. Neglecta and, strange to say,
they call him that yet; but they have been
wrangling ever since as to whether he is a
variety or a species. The difference in
plumage peculiarities are never very
marked, and the two kinds in this respect
are claimed to shadelnto each other in direct
proportion to the amount ot rainfall. But
this does pot apply to their songs, lor where
tbe two birds are louud occupying the same
territory their songs are q uite distinct. Once
in Missouri I shot a Neglecta in tbe act of
singing and likewise a Magna, and bv the
closest scrutiny with the aid of the books I
could perceive no plumage diSerence.
DIDJl'T DISSECT HI3 VOICE.
It occurred to me that tbey might hive
been distinguished by the dissection of the
vocal apparatus, but I was not anatomisf
enough for that. Such a thing as hybrid
ism of voice, I think, has never been re
corded. Once, while sneaking onto soma
dnckswith a very unsentimental compan
ion, I heard a hoarse song from a lark that
sat not tar away which I thought possibly
was Irom a hybrid. I wanted to turn aside
and investigate it, but the old hunter ex
claimed: "O, come on; 'snothin' but a lee
lark with a bad cold." and as just then the
ducks began to rise I was perhaps the mora
easily persuaded that he was correct.
Our bird is not a lark at alllet us not
forget tbat but rather 'an oriole more
properly a starling. But there are larks on
the plains here and others more truly resem
bling larks than our Sturnella, but our stroll
shall have to be extended. Shall we go
again some other day? I hope so.
James Newtoit Basket!.
BT0BY OF EMPEBOB WILLIAM.
How an Officer Avoided Embarrassment of
Himself and His Master.
Toronto Mall.
A story is told of the Emperor o.' Ger
many which may, or may not, be an inven
tion. During the Emperor's trip to Norway
in the summer he took, it is said, great pleas
ure in roaming about incognito. One day
an officer attached to the imperial yacht
had the misfortune to come face to face with
His Majesty when the latter had a very
pretty girl by his side. What was to be
done? It was too late to turn back. To
halt, face front, and salnte would put the
Emperor in a bad fix.
Under these circumstances, the officer
turned his back and pretended to be casing
into a shop window. Buddenly he felt a
sharp pinch on his arm and heard a voice
whispering: "Toa did that -rery nicely.
Try to find a pretty girl as I have. You
have leaye of absence until to-morrow aora-