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FACTS AID FANCIES
The Big Medal That is to Represent
flio rnmnlimoTits nf l?r.T7il
to the United Stales.
IT WEIGHS KEAKLT A POUKD.
Football Players Kefase to be rhotosraphed
J3ecao.se They Believe it Brines
Bad Luck.
KEW FLUID fOE MESERYIXG MEAT.
A Tobcrilcroas Hiat Tfcit Ksy Prove i Toy Goci
Satstitnte fcr the Pctito.
A beautiful medal will hi presented to
President Harrison by Hear Admiral da
Silveira, of the Brazilian squadron, which
recently arrived at New- York, on behalf of
the Eepublic of Brazil. Oscar J. Sloara, the
chancellor of the Brazilian Cousulateatlfew
York, has furnished a description of it as
follows: "The medal is commemorative of
the salutation of the flag of Brazil by the
American naval squadron in Kio Janeiro.
It represents on one side the American
e.i;le carrying in its claws the coat of arms
of the great Eepublic and symbolical of its
glory and force, and two branches, one of
laurel and the other of oak. The eagle is
flying toward Brazil, as is shown by the
constellation of the Southern Cross. In its
beak the eagle carries a branch of olive as a
token of peace. The inscription on this side
is in Portuguese and reads:
: a Kepcblica bos Estados TJxidos :
: do america- :
' 'To the United States of America.'
"On the reverse side i an allegorical
figure of the Iiepublic of Brazil, with a
branch of olive by her side. I believe the
figure is that of a young and beautiful
woman. The branch of laurel is a symbol
01 November 15, unon which date the Bra
zilian people threw off their yoke and be
came free and independent, a republic with
a republican form of government.
"The medal is made of gold and palla
dium. The gold symbolizes the United
Stales and the palladium the Eepublic of
Brazil, the first as an allusion to the Amer
ican State of California and the palladium
to the Brazilian State of Mmas Geraes.
The part of the engraving representing the
Ameri. 1; emblems are of gold, and the
allegorical figure of the Brazilian Eepublic,
as neli as the stars, are of palladium, a
metal abundantly lound in lraz:l. The
-irs, of course, represent the Southern
Cross.
"XJiis medal is the largest, the most beau
tilully engraved, and the most expensive
ever coined in Brazil. Its weight is 457
grammes or uearlv one pound. It is 78
millimeters in diameter and 6J4 in thick
ness. The choicest of the many Brazilian
woods was selected as the material for the
case, and a beautiuil box o- the 'canella'
wood was made. It is double lined w th
satin, representing the colors of the two
republics."
Upon being presented to the President
Eear Admiral da Silveira will make a
speech thanking the United States for the
courtesy conferred to Brjzil by sending an
American squadron to salute the Brazilian
flag.
CCT.r: ron Obesity. Here is a cure for
obesity vouched for by the Pharmaceutical
Era: Never eat more than one dish at a
meal, no matter what that dish may be, and
a person may consume as much as the
stomach may bear, and satisiy the appetite
without the least reserve. Nevertheless,
nothing but the one dish should be taken;
no condiments no soups, nor sunplementary
deserts should he allowed. This system was
recommended by the author of a note to a
lady who was slishtly obese: and who put it
into practice with the bet results. The ladv
observed that she suffered no inconvenience
whatever from this diet, and the result ob
tained by several others may be well under
stood, as she found by her own experience,
that the partaking of only one dili, whether
jt be meat, fish or vegetables, brought on a
tense of saiety much sooner than if she had
partaken of a variety of dishes, whence the
efiect of a relative abstinence.
Football Scpesstitiojt. It seems a
little ridiculous that athletic members of a
university, care.ully educated and most of
them from good homes, should allow super
stitions to govern their conduct. But there
is hardly a college athlete free from superJ
stition. Every team has a mascot of some
sort, and almost every contestant has a
charm and is in constant fear of being
"hoodooed." And the objects of dread by
no means run in the same lines. For in
stance, the Yale football plaver considers it
fatal to be photographed before important
contests. A year ago the Springfield Re
publican started out to secure photographs
of both the Yale and Harvard teams lor use
in its illustrated account after the game.
The Harvards were only afraid that it
would give the men "big heads" to be pho
tographed before a game, while to select
33 or 11 men would be an announcement of
who was to play. All the substitutes were
fighting for the coveted positions, and Cap
tain Cumnock proposed to keep them at
work, and put in the very best men at the
last moment. This objection was finally
overcome by photographing a large group.
But the task was not so easy with Yale.
Captain Gill positively refused to have a
photograpli taken for any paper. Ice
Thursday before the game a member of the
Republican staff went to New Haven de
termined to get a photograph. Arrange
ments were made with Photographer Bow
man, whose studio is nearly opposite the
Yale gymnasium, where the players dress
before going out to practice. For a fee the
driver of the 'bus that takes the men out to
the field agreed to station his vehicle in
front of the gallery. So the photograph ap
peared after the Yale victory, aud every
Yale man illustrated firmly believes that
the de'eat by Princeton Thanksgiving Day
was due to the "hoodoo" of being photo
graphed. That is why so few newspapers beside the
Republican had the laces of the Yale men
alter the game Saturday. The Sporting Life
and New York Sun published group pic
tures labeling them the Yale team. It was
the Yale team in 18S8. but not the one that
met Harvard Saturday, November 22.
The Fair iit Afkica. A nativeorthe
upper Congo, writes Herbert Ward, will
embrace his wife ere he sets out on a fighting
expedition, or Vill fondle his child, and
even condescend to give the infant its morn
ing bath in the river if the mother be unable
to perform that act; but during all my stay
among the Bakongo, I only once observed a
father kiss his child, and I have uever wit
nessed any display of tenderness betwixt
man and wife.
On one occasion I happened to be journey
ing from Stanley Pool to Boma, the seat of
Government, along with a party of 80 or 100
Bangala men who had been recruited to act
as soldiers on the lower river, and were now
traveling to their destination. Probably 20
women accompanied the party, wives of the
bead men; they were all toiliug painfully
along the hilly road, unaccustomed to so
much walking or such hard roads in their
own swampy country. After five days'
weary marching, our path led us to the fords
of the Luasa river, through whose swollen
waters, running now breast high, we had to
wade.
The party crossed without much difficulty
beyond a wetting of the bare skin, but the
force of the current was such that the
latigued women found trouble in keeping
their feet and battling their way across.
One very young and (rail-looking girl feared
to enter the stream, and stood hesitating on
the nearer bank, when her husband, a strap
ping young fellow of 25 or so, seeing her
anxiety, turned back .roni the point he had
reached in the water, and, tenderly gather
ing her up in his arms, placed her upon his
shoulder. Thus burdened, he stepped again
into the river and bore her safely to the
other side, the girl clinging to his head and
neck the while with every mark of con
fidence and affection.
New Pklsekvjxg Fluid. It is well
known, writes a Berlin correspondent, that
Dr. Yickershiemer, the analytical chemist,
has invented a fluid for preserving pur
poses. The bodies of the late Emperor
William and the Empress Augusta were
preserved by an injection of this liquid.
Dr. Vickcrsheimer has now extended his
experiments to the preservation of animals,
and his experiments are said to have been
very successful. The other day some inn
keepers were invited by him to dinner, and
he had a hare dished up which had been
shot six weeks before and preserved by
means of his fluid. The experts were all
agreed that it was quite equal to fresh meat.
Peanut Cultivation The peanut is
much cultivated in the Southern States,
especially in the peanut belt, which ex
tends through Virginia, North Carolina
and Tennessee. It is something of a curios
ity, says the St. Louis Republic, to see it
growing in the West, but now and then an
enterprising farmer-boy puts in a patch of
peanuts as well as one of popcorn. The
peanut has been known by several names,
such as pindar, goober, ground-pea. In
Java it is known as the "oil bean." It
doubtless received the name of "ground"
nut from a curious habit it has when the
flower withers of elongating theovary which
sends down and forces the young pod into
the ground, where the seed matures and
ripens beneath tne surface. Perhaps the
name peanut comes from the flower, which,
though yellow in color, resembles in shape
the blossom of the peavine. "Oil bean" is
not an inappronriate name, as by cold com
pression a good quality of oil is obtained
Irom the nuts, only a little inferior to olive
oil. When heat is used to extract the oil it
iscreater in quantity butof inieriorquality.
The peanut is thought to be a native of
either Alrica or South America. Africa ex
ports large quantities. The plant of the
variety most cultivated in this country is
clover-like in appearance. It has a top root
and likes a sandy soil. When eisht or ten
inches high the plant dioops over to the de
struction of the weeds, which it thus
smothers out. Peanut farms rightly man
aged arc considered quite profitable, as the
nuts sell well, the vines make good teed lor
stock, and pigs fatten upon the nuts which
remain in the ground after the rows are
plowed tip. About five pecks are required
to plant an acre and the yield is 30 to 40
bushels to the acre The obloncr pods, which
are about an inch long.have a thiu.reticuled
shell containing two kernels, which have an
almond-like taste. The roasted nuts arc
sometimes used to make chocolate. In
planting a patch of peanuts in compact soil
which is not sandy, it is well to assist the
burying of the ovary in the earth by draw
ing loose soil about it, as in this way the
crop of nuts will be much iucreased.
Island Full of Game. One of the
wisest enterprises ever conceived by a group
of sportsmen, says the New York Sun, is
found in the ownership and maintenance of
Eobiu's Island as a private game preserve.
It is lacking hut in one respect a larger
area. Although it comprises but 700 acres,
it possesses within these limits every requi
site for the successful propagation of quail.
Thousands of these can be reared every
year so long as the food supply is abundant,
That this is not neglected is found in patches
ot buckwheat of about an acre in extent,
scattered all over the island; in addition,
Hungarian grasses are sown, of the seeds of
which the birds appear particularly fond.
Hares were introduced, but are now being
driven out on account ot their demoralizing
effect upon the valuable bird dogs of the
members of the organization. It would ap
pear, however, that rather than exterminate
the hares, an added interest might be given
to the amusements offered by the clnb in the
introduction of a small pack of beagles, dogs
whose merits should yearly grow in appre
ciation, with the notable increase of rabbits
which is unquestionably in progress.
A Deep "Water Fish Attention has
more than once been called to siskiwit, a
fish which is peculiar to Bake Superior. Mr.
E. O. Sweeney, Sr., in a paper contained in
the "Transactions of the American Fisheries
Society," gives some new facts in relation to
it. One of its peculiarities, that of spawn
ing all the time, has been thoroughly
proven. The siskiwit is a deep water fish",
living in icy depths ot from 600 to 1,000
feet The pressures are so enormous at that
depth that the floats of the nets, which are
thoroughly oiled and are symmetrical in
shape when submerged, come to the surface
misshapen and waterlogged.
One very deep hole in the lake in which
siskiwit are caught is called "the hospital."
From this are taken a great number of crip
pled and misshapen specimens, which be
come so, it is supposed, lrom contact with
the sharp rocks with which the bottom is
strewn. Those fish taken from the createst
depths are so exceedingly fat that when
brought to the surface and relieved lrom the
enormous pressure to which they were sub
jected, they seem almost jelly like and ready
to burst; even the bones ot the head are so
soft and tender that the hook or gaff tears
through them.
Upon examination of the fish the eggs
and "milt were found in various stages of
development, in some the former were
firm and hard and undeveloped; in
others fully so, soft and ripe and ready lor
spawning. The males were also iu the same
stages ot readiness. From some the milt
flowed freely and in great abundance; others
seemed spent, while others acain appeared
immature and the milt undeveloped. The
smaller species of siskiwit rarely exceeds 30
pounds for the female and half of that
weight for the male.
Eider Haggard's She. The original
"She" of Eider Haggard, a chieltainess
named JIajajai, whose kraal lies near the
Dutch possessions in South Africa, was
fined 300 by the Transvaal Native Com
missioner for committing a breach of the
peace iu that her Indians bad fallen upon a
neighboring tribe with more or less amount
of destruction. Upon her refusal to pay,
the fine againstber hasbeen raised to 1,000
and 300 head of cattle. A partyof men
with two guns is now being sent against her.
Peculiar Eussiajt Sect. A peculiar
sect calling themselves the "Slaves of
Christ" has been discovered in the district
of Dunilovo, Government of Vladimirsk.
Tbs adherents of the sect believe that if one
dies by the "red death" his soul goes
directly to the abode of the saints. One
who makes up his mind to die like a saint
gets baptized and partakes of the holy
communion. He then lies down on the
floor with his feet to the door. .There, irom
.beneath the floor or from a cavity made
especially for the purpose, creeps a man
dressed in red clothes with a large red pillow
in his hands.
The attending worshippers begin to sing a
dirge, while the red man throws the pillow
over the doomed man's face, and holds it
there until the man is suffocated. If the
man who dooms himself to the '"red death"
is strong he is bound to the floor with ropes,
so that in hisstruggles at the last moment he
may not be able to overpower the "slave of
Christ" who executes the terrible ceremony
at his request.
Coal in Africa. Not long ago South
Africa had to import all the coal she used,
but now idle mines all the coal she wishes
for her own use and exports the surplus.
The reason is that the coal fields of Natal
have increased their output to a remarkable
degree. The railroad managers say they are
saving 250,000 a year by using coal that is
produced at home.
Washing His Stomach. One day
last week Succi, who is fasting for 45 days
days at New York, concluded to "lavage"
his stomach as he called it. He meant, says
the New York Herald, laying or washing
it. At any rate that was the operation per
formed. It was the first time he has done
this since the fast began. He seized upon
a quiet hour about noon, when there were
no visitors to his parlors, fcr performing
this operation. A pint of Croton and a
spirit lamp were all the paraphernalia
needed.
Girding up his loins and there was
precious little loins to gird up, the old
trousers lapping well over as he tiehtened
the surcingle he proceeded to "lavage"
his face and hands and skinny arms, which
were the same size all the way up, like an
old maid's. He saia the water felt gude,
very gude.
Then he lit his little lamp, heated the
water to blood heat and drank a couple of
claret glassluls. It did not stay down long,
but came up slightly turgid and acidulous
and smelling strong of drugs a very good
thing to get out of his system, I should say.
He repeated this operation three times, and
then put on a clean shirt, with gold buttons
down the breast, a white cravat, with a
diamond button in the ceuter of the tie, and
his very best wedding garment, and smiling
said he was ready for the ladies, the babies
and all others who might appear.
The White Wax. One very interesting
article of export from Ssu-ch'uan is the
white wax of commerce. Baron Eichthofen
was the first traveler who was able to
examine on the spot into the processes by
which this wax is produced; and, in his
letters from Ssu-ch'uan to the Shanghai
Chamber of Commerce, he gave a most
carelul and interesting account of its manu
facture. The wax is secreted by insects on
the leaves and branches of the "white wax
tree," and covers them to a depth of a
quarter of an inch with a substance re
sembling sulphate of quinine or a sprinkling
of snow. When the animals have exhausted
their efforts in producing the wax, the
branches ar? lopped off and thrown into
boilers, when the wax, rising to the surface,
is skimmed off. The best kind is, however.
separated from the branches before these are
subjected to the boiling process.
But, though the insects perform this most
useful function in the Prefecture of Chiat
ing, they reiuse to propagate in that locali
ty. And iust as this is the only district in
the province where they will produce the
wax, so the valley of Chiench'ang, which is
separated from Chiating by a distance of
200 miles and by a series of mountain
ranges, is the only neighborhood where they
will reproduce their species. The insects
have, therefore, to be transported Irom one
place to the other, and to effect this several
thousand porters collect annually in the
month of April at Chienf h'ang. To each
pcrter a load consisting of 60 packets of the
embrvn insects, each weighing about 16
ounce . is entrusted.
As at that season of the year the heat is
such as would, if the packets were exposed
to the sun, tend to the rapid development of
the insects, the porters are obliged to travel
only by night, and even then, when arriv
ing at their halting place, they find it advis
able to open the packets and spread them
out in cool places. But no precaution en
tirely prevents the development and conse
quent escape of the insects, and it is found
that, speaking generally, each packet on
arriving at Chiench'ang is an ounce lighter
than when it left Chiating. In 1884, 434
tonsoffjiis wax, of the value of 95,000,
were imported into Shanghai from Ssu
ch'uan. Substitute foe Potatoes Chemist
Albert Jleyer, of Stillwater, recently gave
an interesting talk to a St. Paul Globe re
porter on a new tuberiferous plant that he
thought would be introduced in Minnesota,
and become as much of a staple as the po
tato. He says: "A few years ago a scien
tist discovered in Japan a plant resembling
the potato, and sent samples of it to Berlin
to be experimented on. These experiments
have been favorable, and the new potato
has been extensively introduced in Ber
lin and Paris, especially in hotels and res
taurants. A number of farmers in our vi
cinity, with whom I conversed on the sub
ject, are willing to experiment on the plant
next season. The Eoyal Prussian Society
of Berlin has taken pains to make experi
ments with the plant. The scientific name
of this plant is 'Stachys tuberifera,' but as
to their form they might be called pine
cones. 'Stachys affinis' is another name,
and lately they have given it the name
'Stachys Sieboldii.' The cultivation is the
same as the old potato, aud there have beeu
found over 100 knolls in one hill; some say
as many as 300, but this is probably exag
gerated. They are, ot course,- not as large
as our common potato. According to the
Garden flora, the organ of the society, the
analysis of the fruit is:
Water.... ........... ......b.. ...... ..78. 33
Protein 1.50
Amide......... .......... ................ 1.67
Fat 0.1S
Carbonhydrato (Pnncipi galactan) 10.57
Cellulose 0.73
Ashes 1.03
"There is neither starch nor sugar, but
galactan, a substance between both. Stachys
affinis of tuberifera is au agreeable tasting
vegetable when boiled in salt water aud
served with butter and parsley sauce. Some
people like them seethed in oil, but that is
merely a matter of taste. Prepared like
'ponimes de terre frites (potatoes cut iu
small slices and fried iu butter), they are
claimed t? be a delicious dish. The taste is
at first like that of a sweet potato, but one
will soon feel a very fine, piquant taste.
They do not need to be peeled, but are only
washed clean iu water, which is another
blessing to the housekeeper. They are kept
in the ground as late as possible, aud pre
served packed in sand in the cellar during
the winter mouths.
"Exposed to the air they will shrink and
lose their nice, 'white mother-of-pearl like
color. The plant is winter-hardy and
thrives in any soil. Frost does not hurt
them, and to have them always fresh they
are lift in the ground and dug as wanted.
In our climate it is best to keep them in a
ditch or in sand in the cellar. W. Perring,
Inspector of the Eoyal Botanical Garden in
Berlin, informs me that the production is
very large, aud that there are many enthu
siasts in favor of the new plant in that city,
which prophesies the.plant a great future.
The expectations of high prices and large
yields will induce a good many farmers to
make a trial with the new plant. I have
already quite a number of orders for seed."
Tersely Put.
"The carpenter puts no till in our coffin,
and the undertaker no pockets in our
shroud," said Dr. Parkhurst at the Madison
Square Presbyterian Church, New York,
last Sunday evening.
Where language Falls.
Language is hardly strone enough to ex
press my admiration of the merits of .Cham
berlain's Cough Eemedy. It is the best
remedy for croup and whooping cough I
have ever used. During the past 18 years I
have tried nearly all the prominent cough
medicines on the market, but say, and with
pleasnre, too, that Chamberlain a oougn
Eemedy is the best of all. Thomas Bhodes,
Bakersbeld, uak
Mr. Bhodes Is a prominent attorney at
Bakersnsld, van
THE PITTSBTJKG- DISPATCH, SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 30,
IN DARKEST ENGLAND
First Steps in General Booth's Plan
of Redemption.
SALVATION IN THE W0KKSH0P.
Progress in an Experimental Colony Down
in TVhiteclnpel.
KUXT TO BE BTAETED IN A BREWEEI
Leading off Commefcial street, White
chapel, is a narrow, unlovely thoroughfare,
known in earlier days as Brown's lane, and
now rcchristened Hanbury street. Toward
the eastern end of this long lane is the first
and, for the present, the only industrial
workshop of the Salvation Army. It has
been in existence since July, beginning in
the smallest way, and now employing just
over 130 workers. So there is nothing colos
sal about it. There are thousands of work
shops bigger than this iu the metropolitan
area; for London, though Londoners rarely
know it, is the largest manufacturing city
in the world.
But at the preserft moment thi3 newly
born Hanbury street workshop is the most
intercstingor them all; for it is the germ of
a big scheme by which General Booth hopes
to save the residuum of society lrom absolute
wreckage, says l'all Mall Budget. The first
note of "Salvation" cheerfulness was struck
by the little boy who opened the door of the
yard to your artist and correspondent a few
days ago, and bidding us welcome in the
cheeriest of tones, conducted us to Captain
Bullen, the officer in charge of the work
shop. NO SECTARIAN BIAS.
"We take every one who comes to us,"
he said. "We ask no questions about their
religion, and require no pretense of con
formity to ours. We all join in 'knee
drill,' as you will see presently, and I be
lieve that abovit 30 of the men here arc
saved, as we understand salvation, but no
pressure is put upon anyone to join the
Army."
"And how about wages?" we asked, as
SCENE AT THE
men personally aware of the importance of
the subject.
"We pay no wages at all," said the
Captain, "except to a few men who are
specially employed as teachers and foremen.
The others merely receive fond and shelter
and clothing as long as they choose to stay,
aud a small weekly grant of pocket money.
But we are very careful not to treat this
grant as a wage to which the man is entitled
for his work. It is a free gift which we
make to encourage him, and if we find that
he is mis-spending it if, for example, he
comes in at night drunk we reduce his
grant."
"But surely, then, your people must be
very anxious to leave you as soon as pos
sible?" START FOE THE EEOKEN DOWN.
"That's exactly what we want. We don't
want to establish a permanent staff. We
want this workshop to be used merely as a
reluge for those who are broken down and
don't know where to turn for a job. You
would be astonished if you could see some
of the men that we have come in. Physi
cally, they are olten so abominably dirty
that the first thing to be done to them is to
wash them. I have taken in men covered
all over with lice and sores, and we have
just stripped them and given them any old
clothes we could find.
"But what is even more horrible isthe con
dition of complete mental depression in
which they come to us. They seem to have
In the Back Yard.
no spirit left in them. They don't know
what they can do, or whether they can do
anything at all. But we soon bring them
round with a little kindness. We try a man
with different jobs to see what he is best
suited ior, and we keep, on watching him,
and, as soon as we sec that a man has got
back his pluck we advise him to go out into
the world again, aud we try and find him a
job."
EX-AEMY COACH CHOPPING WOOD.
This conversation was carried on in a
low shed, .looking on to a small, not un
picturesque yard." Neither dirt nor squalor
were present in the wood-chopping shed in
Hanbury street. There were no pictures
on the wall, It is true, nor purple and fine
raiment on the men's bodies; but there was
an air of content, touched with hope, on
the faces of these half-hundred wood chop
pers that brightened the .whole scene and
idealized the rough work. Looking round
among the busy workers, I noticed more
than one face that was full of interest. And
the Captain, as the best means of replying
to various questions, introduced me to one
of his charges a' well built man with hair
already turning gray.
"1 used to be an army coach," he said; I
took the practical work, mathematics up to
trigonometry, with fortifications and mili
tary tactics, and also Oriental languages."
At this last word I ventured to apply the
test of a small Hindustani phrase, and was
Relighted to find that it met with a prompt
response in the purest TJrda. After this.
a&IU Am i
wr Mi I
If , """l
confidence was completely established, and
my friend told me that he had come down
through family troubles, that he had lost all
heart, and gradually sunk lower and lower,
but he was all right now; he felt confident
now that he would soon be able to get back
to something like his old position, or to
some work where be could use his educa
tion. JAIL BIRDS AT WORK.
We separated with a mufttal salaam,
which was repeated by an old soldier
chopping away close by, and then I followed
the Captain and your artist upstairs to the
WmWi
A Jailbird Making Brushes.
carpenter's room. Leaving this trouble
some, but crucial, question, to wait for its
solution, we mounted to another floor, only
partially occupied. Here we found two or
three men at work making mats. Of these
men two had learnt their trade in jail, but
Captain Bullen told us that they were both
most steady, hird working men. As far as
possible, however, he arranges thac mcu
DINNER nOUE.
who have been in prisoashould be separated
from the other men, for as a rule the moral
training given in her Majesty's prisons is
worse than any that the deliberate wicked
ness of mankind could devise.
(In this connection it is interesting to
learn that the army is now starting a special
Prison Gate Department, which Shall take
charge of prisoners when they are set at
liberty, aud find them work in a factory to
be kept exclusively for their use. It is a
terrible illustration of the vileness of our
prison system that even the Salvation Army
shrinks from mixing discharged prisoners
with the very scum of free society, lest these
latter should be contaminated.
GLOEY IIALIiEEUJAII LACE SHOP.
In another room, on the top floor, shoe
laces were being made by an ingenious de
vice out of old scraps of leather. "This i3
the glory hallelujah lace shop," said the
foreman in charge; "just try one. That's
not cut out of the best quality leather, but
it requires a good strong pull to snap it."
While we were inspecting the laces and
chatting with the men a bell rang out in the
yard. "Dinner time, boys," said the ex
uberant foreman. "I wonder whether it
will be roast beef or stuffed turkey to-day."
Not many seconds elapsed beiore all the
refugees were collected in the wood-chopping
shed on the ground floor. It was still only
12:45, this quarter of an hour being daily
given to the men for "knee drill." And a
strange sight the knee drill was. The wind
crept in at one end of the shed, making it
rather chilly; so we all huddled together as
closely as possible in a circle round the.
sung with more zeal than discretion. But
there's nothing like a good hymn to warm
one, as the leader cheerily remarked.
THE KNEE DEILL.
As the hymn was progressing I watched
the faces of the singers such a strange med
ley of types, some showing a refinement that
told of more culturpd days, others marked
with rough lines significant of brutality and
crime; many purely commonplace; but all
touched with that curiously restiul look that
the Salvation Army seems so often to stamp
upon its people. Our hymn was followed by
prayer, and the bulk of the men knelt down
among the chopped wood, while speaker
after speaker said a few words in the well
known style of the ArmV.
Here was dinner. In the frontpart of the
depot the general public was being served
with hot dinners at low prices. But .i back
room had been reserved for the workmen
from Hanburyi street. The men quickly
formed into single file, and each as he passed
the serving counter received a plate loaded
with potatoes, haricot beans, and a slice of
tinned beef, a large cup oi cocoa, and a
saucer (placed on the top of the cup) con
taining a piece of jam pudding. Having
received his portion, each man found a seat
atone of the tables and consumed his dinner
in comfort.
REDEEMING DARKEST ENGLAND7
General Booth has taken the first step
toward building up the scheme of social re
form which he propounds in his recently
issued book. "Darkest England." For the
sum of 4,000 an old brewery, which will
be converted into a "city colony," has been
purchased in Shorediteh. Without a large
expenditure it will be passible to turn it to
the purposes of a colony, giving room for 500
inmates. The colonists will, of course, live
as well as work on the premises, and the ad
ministration of affairs will be precisely on
the lines explained in "Darkest England."
General Booth regards most of the in
mates of the experimental colony in White
chapel as being sufficiently trained to be
draited into the second department of his
scheme, the "country colony." Meantime
General Booth will not make an absolute
beginning with the rural colony; but he is
looking out for a suitable piece of land
within easy distance of London, and no
doubt he would be glad to hear Irom any
body who could help him to find it. General
Booth has taken a place in Southwark street,
where he proposes to find sleeping accommo
dation for at least 300 guests. It will be the
superior class ot waifs and strays, those who
can pay a copper or two for their beds, who
will bodealt with here. In the colony at
Shorediteh, the extension of tbe depot
already in existence at Whitechapel, and
this lodging house,, we have General Booth
starting out with the nmetical work of his
social sehemiV - Tj
-
'1890.
STAPLE OF ITALY.
What Macaroni is, How It is Made
and flow It is Cooked.
THE 0EIG1N OF THE NAME.
Varieties Classed According to the Sizes of
" the Tnbes.
ELLICB SERENA'S
CHOICE RECIPES
-5
IWBITTEJt FOB THE DISrATCn.1
There is an interesting anecdote relating
to the origin of the word macaroni, which is
given on such good authority that it passed
current for the truth. 37ie Cool:, a standard
work on the subject of which it professes to
treat, preserves this tradition. It would
then appear that a long time ago a wealthy
gentleman of the city of Palermo, in Italy,
who was a "good liver" a gourmet, as they
would say, had a cook who possessed the
faculty of inventing excellent and novel
dishes. This cook, so the story goes, in
vented the tubes made of a mixture of flour
and water, now so well known as oue ol the
national dishes ot the Italians, and having
set before bis master a bowl of the original
compound watched intently for signs of ap
proval from him.
Then it was the cook recognized that his
talent was appreciated, for the first mouth
ful was followed by the expression "Cari 1"
(excellent). The epicure was visibly grati
fied, and proceeding in the business before
him, shortly thereafter exclaimed, "Ma
cari 1" (indeed excellent); and still proceed
ing, the excellence of the dish so strongly
impressed him that at the last he exultantly
voiced his sentiments in the exuberant
phrase, "Ma caroni I" (meaning indeed
supremely and superlatively excellent),
now IT IS MADE.
It may be interesting to the readers who
are fond of this popular paste to know some
thing of the manner in wnich it is made.
Nothing but flour and pure water enter into
its composition, except in the variety called
vermicelli, to which the yelks of eggs and
saffron are added. In the manufacture of
macaroni a superior quality of wheat is
used, the varieties selected for this purpose
being those which contain the most gluten.
The hard Hussian wheat is said to make the
best. So little water is used in the mixing
process tint it is impossible tn knead the
dough, otherwise than by mechanical appli
ances. There are many sorts made and they
are classed according to the size of the tubes
or pipes, which are produced by forcing the
dough through holes ot different sizes ar
ranged for that purpose in metal 'plates.
"Macaroni" is the name given to the larg
est size; the next is called "vermicelli," and
there is yet another size called "fedelina."
"Talliariana" or ribbon macaroni anoth
er sort, is made long and flat aud is ac
counted the more delicate in flavor, while
"spaghetti" is such as is cut into small
round sections. The manufacture of maca
roni was for a long time confined to Genoa;
later on, Naples had a reputation as much
for its macaroni as its lazzaroni. But it is
now made in all parts of Italy and in some
parts of the United State' very good quali
ties being made iu New York and Philadel
phia. There is, however, a decided prefer
ence for the foreign article and especially
for that oi Naples.
STAPLE FOOD.
Macaroni is to the Italians what rice is to
the Chinese and bread to the Americans,
and nowhere is it so properly cooked as iu
Italy, where it forms the staple food.
Onions and olive oil are used unsparingly
by them in cooking it, and it is their custom
to serve it boiled and unbroken. So com
mon is the notion that it detracts from the
quality of the cooked article to have it
broken that there seems to be considerable
emulation not only to cook it entire, but
also to eat it entire. Travelers say that it is
an every day sight to see the lazzaroni sit
ting about the streets and public places of
tne cities vieing with eacn otberin swallow
ing long strands of boiled macaroni.
In the higher social circles ot Italy maca
roni is served simply with beef gravy, but
when we are further told that it recfuires 12
pounds of the choicest beef to make gravy
sufficient for one pound of macaroni, it is
not the inexpensive dish we would imagine
it to be. But this is only incidental, and it
is of itself an extremely cheap food. A
pound package of these pipes, at a cost of 10
cents, will make several good dishes. It is
a wholesome food for children, and when
cooked in broths it is a delicate and nutri
tious dish for the invalid.
HOW TO COOK IT.
In cooking macaroni, which absorbs read
ily, plenty of water should be used. The
temperature of the water is a question among
cooks. Some contend that it is more tender
when put to cook in cold water, with the
salt added after the boiling point is reached.
The following method, however, is used by
many of the best cooks, and with entire sat
isfaction: For a half pound of macaroni take two
quarts of boiling water, a level tablespoon
i ii 1 of salt and a teaspoonlul of butter. Boil
rapidly in an uncovered vessel for 20
minutes the imported requires longer time
drain, cover with cold water and let come
to the boiling point. Turn into a colander
and make into the desired dishes. This is
called blanching, and in no instance must
this process be omitted in preparing any
dish of this edible paste.
Macaroni of itself is a most insipid article
of food. To make it palatable a generous
use of good butter and rich cheese is re
quired, and, in the words of Sallie Joy
White, the noted cook, "it is seasoning
first, seasoning last, and seasoning all the
time." In preparing certain dishes of this
popular lood, there are some who take equal
quantities of macaroni, butter, and cheese.
It is almost needless to say that the cook
who is wise in judgment will use sparinsly
of nutmeg, mace, and cayenne, all valuable
accessories iu their proper proportions.
Macaroni iskepr straight, when boiling it
unbroken, by wrapping in cheese cloth.
Buy in small quantities, and, when it is not
to be used the entire length, break into
pieces an inch or two long, put in glass or
tin and keep in a cool, dry place. If long
stored the odor irom it is unpleasant.
MACARONI SOUP.
Take three pounds of the neck ot beef, four
quarts of cold water, a large onion with four
cloves stuck into it, a small carrot minced, a
lew slices of turnip, a bead of chopped celery,
a cupfnl ot stewed tomato, a tablespoonful of
minced parsley and a quarter of a pound of
blanched (boiled) macaroni.
Eoil the meat slowly for two hours, skimming
frequently.
Add tho parsley and vegetables, stew an hour
longer and strain.
Remove the fat when cold.
AVlien ready to use reheat, put in the maca
roni and a tablespoonful each of flour and
butter rubbed together.
Servo with sippets of toasted bread and
grated cheese.
jiACAr-ONi cr.EAJt.
Boil a half pound 'of macaroni in salted
water, drain and cover with rich urilk.
Beat up the yelk of an egg. stir into a cupful
of milk, and pour over the inaearoni.
Add seasoning and a large lump of butter.
Simmer lor a few minutes.
STEWED MACARONI.
Put a tablespoonful of butter into a stew pan,
and when it bubbles stir in a tablespoonful of
flour; add a pint of well-reduced beef, veal or
chicken stock, a half cupful of cream, a half
pound of boiled macaroni and seasoning to
taste.
FRIED MACARONL
Put a quantity of olive oil, beef drippings or
butter into a pan, and when quite hoi put In
some boiled macaroni.
Toss about until well browned, add season
ing, and serve with stewed tomatoes or tomato
sauce.
VEAL AND HAJt MACABONL
Blanch a quarter of a pound of macaroni, and
mix with it two beaten eggs, ,a half capful of
veal, a half cupful ot bam.; minced, a little
grated nutmeg and some richgravy.
Cook five minutS. I
MACAKONI WITH. CHEESE.
Boil a half pound of macaroni and arrange In
a bikini-dish with Crated ,cheen and bread
- Vrnmbs - 'he QoanUtrof chetse depends entire-J,
iy upon tbe taste. From a quarter to a half
ponnd may be used.
for the dressing take a large tablespoonfnl
of butter and a level tablespoonful of fl"Ur
rubbed together and stirred into a pint of hot
milt.
Pour this over the macaroni and bake brown.
MEXICAN MACARONI.
Melt a tablespoonful of fresh lard and butter
In a stew pan, add a quarter of a ponnd of
boiled macaroni, a small onion grated, a
tomato sliced thin, seasoning of salt, pepper
and Cayenne.
Let simmer until it browns a little and then
pour in a pint of rich stock or some hoc water,
when the liquid is absorbed it Is ready to
serve.
MACARONI WITH EGGS.
To a large cupfnl of milk heated in a double
boiler add two tablespoonfuls of butter, six
well-beaten eggs, a half cupful of canned
mushrooms, cut in thin Mice?, a tablespoonful
of minced parsley and a largo cnnlul of boiled
macaroni.
Season to taste and cook ten minutes.
MACARONI AND ONIONS.
Remove the skins from a half dozen medinm
sized oninnj, quarter and boil until tender in
salted water.
Drain, cover with milk, dredge with flour,
put in a large Imnp of butter, seasoning to
taste, and mix with a half pound of boiled
macaroni.
Bend lo the table steaming hot.
MACAKONI AS A VEGETABLE.
Boil the macaroni, drain well, season highly
and add plenty of ftesli butter.
2IACAKOKI OMELET.
Crnsh a quarter of a ponnd of macaroni, boll
tender aim cover with a dressing of flour,
butter and cream.
.Season well and spread over a plain omelet,
just before folding.
MACAEONI PUDDING.
Uoil a quarter of a pound of macaroni in a
pint of water, slightly salted.
Add a tatilespooufnl of butter, two table
spoonfuls of sugar, a large cupful of milk and a
little grated nutmeg.
Hake until brown and cat with sauce.
OYSTEli MACAEONI.
Arrange a half pound of boiled macaroni in
layers with large oysters. .
Season each layer with sale, pepper and but-
s'trcw the top thicklv with seasoned "bread
crumbs, tuft with butter, and moisten the
whole with strained oyster liquor.
Bake slowly.
MACAEONI AND TOMATOES.
To a half pound of boiled. well-drained maca
roni, take a cunful ot cream, two tablespoon
fuls of bntter. "seasoning of salt and peppoi;
Cook slowly for a few minutes and turn into
the serving dish.
Have ready a pint of tomatoes, well cooked,
strained, seasoned and thickened with bread
crumbs, or a little flour.
Pour over tho macaroni and serve.
TIMBALE OF MACAEONL
Mix a ball pound of macaroni with a dress
ing made as follows:
Beat lightly the yelks of five eggs and tho
whites of two. Add half a pint of cream, the
breast of a chicken, minced, a cupful of minced
ham, a quarter of a pound of rich cheese, a
small piece of crushed mace, a dash of cayenne
and salt to taste. Steam in a greased mold for
one hour.
Serve with rich gravy.
EASED MACAEONL
Break a half pound of macaroni into pieces
an inch long and boil until tender.
Grease a bakimr disband put in a thick layer
nf macaroni, season well and strew with bits of
bntter.
Now add a thin layer of grated cheese and
sprinkle with breadornmbs.
Continue tbe layers until the macaroni is
used, having for the last layer grated cheese.
Beat up two egg, mix with a pint of milk,
pour over the macaroni and bake brown.
ITALIAN MACAEONI.
This recipe comes to me direct from an ex
cellent Italian family, famous for its line cook
ing: Take a half pound of imported macaroni,
b'anch and drain.
Mince a pound of tender beef, fry brown in
oil or butter.
Stew a pint each of tomatoes and mush
rooms. Put a layer of the macaroni, unbroken, on a
large platter, add some of the fried beef, to
matoes and mushrooms, stew thickly with
cheese and continue the layers untU the in
gredients are all used.
For the last layer have cheese well tufted
with butter.
Put in the oven just long enough to brown
and send to the table at once.
Servo by cutting iu neat slices. The season
ing of this en jo. able dish is a matter of im
portance, aud must, therefore, not be ne
glected. Ellice Seeena.
OEZGON BEATS NEBRASKA.
At Heast That Is AVhat an Enthusiastic
Western Reporter Says.
Three dejected-looking pairs of horses
each hitched to a battered and worn farm
wagon and in each wagon a family, includ
ing a liberal allowance of children, and a
scanty outfit of furniture, were seen on
Third street yesterday, says the Portland
Oretjonian. The outfit looked as if it
had come all the way the plains across, and
had a rough time of it at that. To a re
porter one of the men said they came from
North Platte, Neb., intending to work on
the railroad, having been brought here for
that purpose over the Short Line. They
changed their minds and were coming out
to West Portland to chop wood. "We had
nothing there and we've got nothing
here," said another as he looked ad
miringly at his wife and a stout
boy tearing flakes off a piece
of smoked salmon. "Oh! you will do well
here," said the reporter, "this is a good
country, and vour boys will be growing up
to help you." "I don't know about the
country," replied this immigrant, "I don't
seem to see much of it," The fellow evi
dently expected to find a treeless waste like
the plains of the Platte and will probably
feel lone tins winter witnout tne beautilul
blizzards of that section, and will think
things are all wrong because he will have to
burn wood instead of corn, and saleratus
biscuits instead of corn dodgers with his
bacon may make him dyspeptic, but if he
will only stick it out torn year or two he
will find that a rod of land in Oregon is bet
ter than a township on the Platte and li:e is
worth the living iu this climate.
MABEIAGE AND PHOSPZEITY.
English. Statistics Upon tho Benefits of a
High Marriage Itato.
A high marriage rate and national pros
perity are generally supposed to go hand in
hand, says the Newcastle, England,
Chronicle. For this conclusion, the latest
quarterly return of the Registrar General
seems to afford ample warrant. In that in
teresting and useful compilation, it appears
that during the three months ending with
June last, there entered into the bonds of
wedlock in England and Wales, no fewer
than 118,088 persons, representing an annual
rate of 16.1 per 1,000 of the estimated popu
lation. This h 4.5 per cent above the rate
in the second quarter in the preceding year,
and 6.6 per cent above the average rate in
the corresponding quarter of the ten years
1880-9.
With the exception of 1882, when the rate
in the second quarter was also 16.1, it is
higher than that recorded in the second
quarter of any year since 1876. the rate
having then been 16.9 per 1,000. The oirth
record reaches a later date, the return show
ing that during the three mouths ending
with September last, the births registered in
England and Wales numbered 220.C04. cor
responding to an annual rate of 29.7 per 1,000
living. This was lower than the rate record
ed in the third quarter of any year since
1847, with the exception of 1888, "when the
rate was also 29.7.
A Child of the Period. '
Boston Herald. 1
Alphonso XIII. of Spain, not being much
l311wl n 41ia Ii4nnllnft aK rAT .3 I
finuicu iu hue u.uu.u ui wet, aau spoon,
ate his chicken with his fingers the other
day. His attendant remonstrated with His
Majesty and said: "Kings do not eat with
their fingers." The little fellow quietly re
plied, "This King does," and continued bis
meal in the same fashion.
Pled In m Itfabe-Up.
Sirghevia Yiedomosti, a St. Petersburg
daily, reports that one of the students in tbe
University of Kharkov, is a living anatom
ical curiosity. He has his heart on the
right side of his breast, bis liver ncder the
leif ribs, the spleen on the rijthtside and tbe
rij;nt lung is longer than the left. Tbe phy
sicians who have examined him believe that
his, whole inside is just reversed.
23
LEARN ' rTTSMFw'
t reader If by the us of
Wolff's
yon save oilo pair of Shoes a year, and
a, bottle ot 15 cents lasts throe months,
for now many years bl3Cfclnft will one
year's savin? In snoe Leatner pay?
lUiiHLjmimiiJ J J i-Wir"f ""'in'lI'L'ff I J ' im
M& in Drug, ralnt and Home FitTnuliiitJ Slorafar
Pfk-Bon, tchich
WILL STAin OtO & NEW FUnNITOHC TamUh
will Stain Class and Chinaware atthe
will Stain tinware samo
will Stain tour Old Baskets time
WILL5TAI.-I BASTS COACH MD
A PAIMT THAT OH?
77fV7,
WOLFF & EANDOLPB. PhEadelptla.
OIM SeC THffOUGN.
3
BOTTLES
Cured my I) jprpln
when Physicians
Failed.
IlONOIEE LYONNAI3,
rdarlboro. Mass.
3IEOIC.VL.
S14 PKX.-h Al'tNUE. I'iTTalsUUU. 11
As old re-idents know and back tiles of PIC
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