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THE PITTSBTmO-' DISPATCH, STTimA.Y'iffOYEMBE:R, 23, 1890.
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tTEASSLATEDFORTni DISPATCH.
There was one time a little peasant boy,
called Hans, who every day went into the
forest to catch singing birds, which he car
ried to the city and sold ior whatever price
he could get for them, and the small amount
of money he received was given toward
paying the rent of their humble home, or to
buy food and clothes for his younger sister.
It was always a creat grief to Hans that his
dear, kind mother must work so hard to
provide lor her children, and often while
setting his snares in the forest, the boy would
think: "If my father had only lived, or I
was able to earn money for mother and
sister, how happy we would be."
One morning when Hans had cone on his
usual errand into the forest, to his great de
lieht he found entangled in one of his nets
a nightingale, for which he knew that he
would receive a good price, and already
"visions of the purchases he would make
were floating through his mind, when in a
sweet, plaintive voice, the bird cried:
"Please set me free. In my nest, inyonder
tree, are three younc birds watchiug lor
me to bring them food, and it I do not re
turn they must die of hunger. Set me free
and I shall tell you bow you may become
rich and have plenty of money."
Hans at once released the nightingale,
End when'it had flown to a low bushnearby
find warbled a song of thanks, it said:
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THE NIGHTINGALE PLEADING FOR HEE YOUNG.
"Every day, under those three pine trees
which yon see in the distance, a little, old
man walks to and fro, and says to himself:
'How glad I am that no one knows I am
called Zeierle. Go to him, and when you
have told him his name, he must tell you
how to become rich."
The bird then flew to its nest, and Hans
hastened to the threejpines. and hid behind
ome bushes. He had not long to wait; for
in a few moments the dwarf appeared, and
as he walked to and fro, he repeated: "How
glad I am that no one knows that my name
Is Zeierle."
After watching the little man curiousW
for some time, Hans stepped forth and said:
"Gcod morning, my friend, whatc beautilul
day it is."
"Good, morning," replied the dwarf, "how
came you here?"
"I am out lor a walk," said Hans, "and
thought this a lovely spot."
"Well, since you are here," said the
dwarf, "you mnst guess my name, and as a
special favor I shall allow you three trials."
Hans appeared to think foi a moment,
and then he asked: "Are you called Cas
per?" "No, no," replied the dwarf, langhing
heartily, "you must guess better than that
if you would know my name."
After seeming to think more intently than
before Hans said: "Perhaps vour name is
Carl."
'At this the little man laughed louder than
ever, and in his glee jumped over a small
pine tree.
"Then," said Hans, "you must be called
Zeierle."
The dwarf was struck dumb with aston
ishment. He gazed wonderingly at the boy,
then taking his cane he ordered Hans to fol
low him. For several hours they walked
througn rough forest paths untnown to
Hans, and finally they came to a large rock,
on which the dwarf knocked with his cane.
Immediately a tiny door opened, and they
entered a long, dark hall, so narrow that
Hans had to bend his head to keep from
striking it against the rocky ceiling. At
the end of this hall was another door, lead
ing into a large room, which was so bright
that that Hans was almost blinded by the
dazzling licht which shone from wall and
ceiling. Ths room was filled with little
dwarfs, who, when they had bowed respect
lully to Zeierle, cried: ''Oar master has
brought us a new cook."
""What do they mean by saying that?"
asked Hans, who began to jeel a little timid
in the presence of m many strangers. "I
know nothing about cookinc."
"But you will soon learn," said a friendly
dwarf, who ktood near, "and I shall now
show you where you are to begin your
work."
"He then led the way into a great kitchen.
Along the v, all stood dozens of stoves and
ovens of all sizes, and before each Hans,
was delighted to see a boy, like himself,
wearing a large white apron, and a white
cap, busy over the stove. The dwarf now
opened the doors of the different ovens and
howed Hans wiat was being cooked. There
were ducks and chickens roasting, cakes
and pies baking, all kinds of preserves
stewing, and all smelt so good that Hans
became very hungry. The dwarf led him
to"a table, covered with a snow-white cloth,
and placed before him a good meal. While
the boy was eating the dwarf said: "You
will soon learn to cook, for I shall teach
you, and all the others will help. If you
work faithfully, and learn rapidly, you will
soon be able to return home, and to take
plenty for yonr mother and sister."
Hans put on the cap and apron, and set
to work with a will. He listened carefully
to all the instructions, and in a short time
became so skillful that he was called the
best cook in the kitchen. As the davs went
by Hans thought olten of his mother and
sister, and, finally, grew so homesick that
he was very unhappy. One day Zeierle
came into the kitchen and said to Hans:
"1'ou have now served your time. Take off
your apron, the cap you may keep in re
membrance of us, and follow me."
Hans shouted for joy, and followed the
dwarf into a dark cave. Here was bag,
piled noon bag, ana all were filled with
silver and gold.
"Take as much as you can carry in vour
pockets," said Zeierle, "that will be jour
reaard."
"Hurrah," cried Hans, as he busily filled
nis pockets, "now we can buy a house,
mother need not work any more, and little
sister will not have to gather wood in the
cold winter. Thank you a thousand times,
liiv good Iriend."
The dwarf smiled kindly, and after tell
ing Hans to be good and honest, he led him
to the entrance ot the cave. Hans bounded
through the narrow opening; but when he
had gone a short distance he stood still a
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moment, and thought: '"How shall I find
the way home? I did not come here alone,
and I know not which way leads to the
village."
He turned to ask Zeierle; but the dwarf
was nowhere to be seen, and although he
again sought the rock, he could not find the
door, and could gain no responses to his re
peated knocks. After wandering about (or
some time, vainly seeking a oath which
would lead him home, Hans sat down and
began to cry bitterly, thinking that in spite
of bis gold he must perish in the forest.
Many birds, about to seek their nests for
the night, flew around the boy, and pecked
at his clothes, as it to offer their sympathy;
but no one had a word of encouragement,
until a little nightingale flew near, and in a
voice, which the boy at once recognized,
said: "Why Hans, is this you? Ten years
ago you set me free from your nets, and now
I am ready to guide you home."
"Ten vears ago," cried Hans in astonish
ment, "it is only a year since I caught you
you in my net."
"Time" passes very quickly with the
dwarfs," replied the nightingale, "and
when you see your mother and sister, you
will know that you have been away ten
years."
The bird then flew before Hani, and in a
short time the village was reached. Hans
hastened to his home, and through the open
window he could see his mother bending
oyerher sewing. Hans knocked, and when
his little sister opened the door, she cried:
"Mother, Mother, here is Hans, who was
lost ten years ago, and he is no larger than
when he went away."
There was great joy in that humble homo
that night, and when Hans emptied out his
pockettuls of gold, their happiness was com
plete. The house was boughtj also fields,
meadows, cows, ducks, and sheep, and the
tired mother could now rest from her many
labors. Hans soon became a rich farmer,
and every evening, before his door, the
little nightingale sang its sweet sone.
Pavsie.
SOME ENIGMATICAL NUTS.
Puzzle: for the little Folks That Will Keep
Their Brains Busy for Most of the Week
if They Solve Them Correctly Home
Amusements.
Address communications for this department
to E.R. Chadbouk-, Lewiston, Maine.
1302 AN OLD SAYING.
D. U.H.
1303 ANAGRAM.
A friend of mine who dwelt alone
I one day went to visit.
"I've something strange to show," says ha,
'Indeed!" said I. "What Is it?"
"Pray come this way and you will sea
My favorite Tom's tnrned printer."
And. lo! behold was a case of tvpe
Beside the lire ('twas winter).
"And, pray," 1 asked, "why Is it mixedf
Whatever can you call it!"
"My Tom-cat's vi: but when it's fixed
I'll see he doesn't want it."
I lett my friend and thought his brain
Would very soon be turn-cd.
For what I saw was whole, 'tis plain.
Even to those unlearn-ed. H. J. A.
1304 DIAMOND.
L A letter. 2. Accident. 3. Spotted ci
vies. 4. Italian anatomist, 1747-1KTZ. (Bijou).
S. The work, done by one man at a printing
press. 6. A painter of portraits. 7. Pertain
mg to the ancient Christian fathers, 8. Any
person havine a powerful voice. 9. In motion
or action. (Wed., Sup.) 10. An abbreviation
for second. 1L A letter. H. C. Burger.
1305 SYNONOMY.
A crowd had gathered in the street,
I curious, wished to know
What was iho cause of all this row.
Why had they gathered so T
I thought at first it was a man.
Who had fallen in a fit.
For I heard one ask "Is he able to moveV
But nearer I conld not get.
At last the crowd began to move
I forward at once did bound;
There was no sick man, only a whole of tea
Which had been spilt upon the ground.
H. J. A.
1306 THE HOUSEHOLD PROBLEM.
One evening Mr. entered the cozy sit
ting room of his home, when his wife met him
with a careworn look on her face.
"What is the matter, my dear J" he Inquired.
"The matter is this," said she. "the hired cirl
and I must I cannot have any one me who
around so from one thing to another. 1 o-day I
leit her in the kitchen, with instructions to rub
the silver, but an hour afterward I went back
to sec how she was getting on. and there stood
the silver just as I bad left it, and there in a
rocking chair by the window sat the girl read
mg after of some trashy poetry of which she
bad gained possession. When I reproved her
for her negligence she said sancilr. Who
going to polish all that silver alone?' There is
no use talking, she must go.' Auu the little
housewife sank wearily into a chair.
(The blanks are .to be filled with the same
word transposed.) Ethyl.
1307 DOUBLE CROSSWORD.
In "the chances of defeat:"
In "the solver's list completer'
In "the sultry summer's heat:"
In -the sofas and thocots:"
In "the leopard's fadeless spots:"
"Boards, etc., free from knots."
H. U. Burger.
1308 THE NUTTING PARTY.
It was a picturesque looking party of young
people who started off one November day in
search of nuts In a forest a few miles away.
When asked what sort of nuts tbey were seek
ing, their reply was: "No sort in particular, but
all sorts in general." The forest abounded In
numerous varieties of nuts, and they were de
termined to secure as many different samples
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as possible. They spent a merry day, with a
pjculc dinner in the warm noon sunshine, and
returned at night with a good supply of nuts.
These are some or them:
1. Something which causes pain when on the
foot.
. 2. A nut which seems to belonz in a large
box.
3. Part of an animal, and part of an animal.
, A vegetable, and a dish used in preserving
fruit
6. A man's nickname, and a man's nickname.
o. A nut that reminds us of the "whispering
sea."
7. A nut whose name sucxests that it is used in
building.
They said if they could have found some
nutmeg they would have come home satisfled
with the day's exploit. Ethyl.
1309 TRANSPOSITION.
I am but a Christian name.
In my origin's no shame;
I is by Webster I am told
"Kesoluto; in counsel, bold."
n.
"Openness of heart" am I,
"Frankness and sincerity-"
Qualities as good as these
llo all Christian people please.
H. C. BURGER. .
1310 CONNUNDRUM.
One cold day In winter a lady wrapped warmly
In fur garments was just stepping into her car
riage from the sidewalk-, when a pickpocket at
tempted to snatch her purse from ner hand.
She called for help, and a policeman who was
near responded to her call and dealt the thief a
blow which relied bim to the ground. Now, in
what respect were the lady and the would-be
thiet alike? Ethyl.
1311 DECAPITATION.
The harvest is over.
The summer is past.
The aiJ-fieldb and clover
Are garnered at last;
The yield is but scanty.
Because July's two
Was scarcely more plenty
Than vanishing dew.
But the idle complaining
O'er labor in v.iin.
As the season is waning.
Is useless, 'tis plain;
If food for the season.
Till next j ear, be ours
We should, with good reason.
Thank the Lord of the showers.
Bitter Sweet.
1312 CHARADE.
For tho p ime.
If you've time.
Write to "mate" or "marry"
And for next
Of the text
Please at "smaller" tarry.
Now If you
One and two
Properly have added,
You will find
"Peerless," mind.
And jour heart be gladded.
Iron Mask.
october result.
Prize Winners: 1. Lottie Hughes, Apollo,
Pa. 2. Seneca. Pittsburg, Pa. 3. Glass, Pitts
burg. Pa.
Jtoll of Honor: H. C. Burger, G. E. Jones,
Eva S. Nelson, Marguerita. Ida Robson, Geo.
A. Hamilton, A. SI. Power, Sellen, Eva H.
Clark, Jennie Lambert, F. S. P., Jessie F.
Esplen. Herbert A. Brownell. Carrie ltosen
baum. C. P. D.
ANSWERS.
1292 A bribe In the hand betrays mischiaf at
heart.
12931. Grande, garden, gander, ranged, dan
ger. 2. bpare, pears, pares, spear, parse, prase. 2.
Pleas, leaps, lapse, pales, sepal, peals.
1294 King-fisher.
1295 Boy (buoy), indisposed, grave, franc,
manor, tolled, buoy, well, patient, weak, patient,
well.
1296 Forgetfulness.
1297 Fau-dan-go.
129S Odd Fellows, Masons, Grand Army ot
the Republic. Golden Cross, Good Templars,
Knights of Pythias, Sons ot Veterans, Daugh
ters of Rebecca.
1299 Reviled, deliver.
1300 Lad-e-n.
1301 Sharpshooter.
SPOKANE INDIANS.
Their Present Condition and Pursuits, To
jrether With Their Appcaran.s.
West Shore.!
Spokane Falls has sprang up so recently
that some of the evidences of aboriginal
glory still linger in its vicinity. The canyon
of the Spokane river below the city is a
favorite haunt of the wandering red skins,
who are stragglers from some of the reserva
tions, and during the salmon season, which
lasts nearly all the summer there, the clus
ters of tepees are a familiar sight along the
banks of the stream. The Couer d'AIene
reservation is only 20 miles up the river
from Spokane. The Colville and Moses re
serves are u considerable greater distance to
the northwest. These Indians, of course.are
entirely subdued and are as harmless as
cattle,as they inowe quietly about from place
to place and pursue their lishing and hunt
ing in a modest way between the dates of re
ceiving their supplies from the kind-hearted
Government.
Harmless as these straggling Indians are,
they often indulge in the luxury of painting
and decorating their persons in true savage
style. Gaily decked young bucks often ride
through the street of Spokane Falls on
their cayuses, two or three together, and are
objects of much curiosity on the part of new
comers, but are not noticed by residents of
the city. The old sachems strutting through
the streets, arrayed in holiday attire, are
objects of no less interest, and are a great
deal more ridiculous.
LANTEBN SYMBOLS OF BANK.
A Strange Old Custom Still Prevailing In
Parts of Germany.
The distinctions of rank which exist in
European countries give rise to many
troubles which, though they may seem
rather amusing as well as trivial to us, are
in reality quite serious to the persons con
cerned in them, says Youth's Companion.
In Stuttgart, years ago, there existed a
curious custom which is not yet entirely
abolished, and, in fact, still flourishes
quite vigorously in some parts of
Germany and Switzerland. This was the
use ot lanterns of different varieties
and sizes by which, at night, the rank of the
party could be easily distinguished. The
lanterns weri carried by the servants who
were sent to escort their mistresses home
from places of amusement, and they made
the square in front of the Royal Opera
House, where most of the entertainments
were then given, quite picturesque, with
their lights bobbing up and down in every
direction.
The differences between some of these
lanterns were slight, but they had to be
strictly observed, or trouble arose. The
order of rank, as set forth in the "rauk
list," was something from which they could
never swerve. Some had lanterns of tin,
some of brass; some had wax lights, and
others tallow; evpn the number of lights was
prescribed for each serjarate class or rank.
EiuBALMnra by electeictty.
A Paris Scientist Who Gives the Corpse a
Coating of Metal.
A new and startling way of embalming the
dead has just been discovered in Paris, says
the Sew lork Tribune, by a young doctor
of the name of ATariot. Up to this day it
had never been found possible permanently
to preserve corpses in a shape which did not
make them look objects of horror. Even
the mummies of the Pharaohs,in the prepara
tion of which the best materials bad been
used and ths most skilled embalmers em
ployed, are far from pleasing to the eye.
To attain this aim, the young scientist
immerse the corpse in a chemical bath con
taining metallic salts. An electric current
is then applied, and the subject becomes en
cased in u hard and resisting crust of metal,
which adheres so closely, to the form that ft
shows the slightest wrinkle, in the same
manner as an unretouched photograph. This
procens is called "Anthropoplasty." At
the present moment the doctor has in his
laboratory a "metallized" baby, which is
truly a masterpiece of art applied to nature.
The infant, encased in purest silver, seems
sunk in the deepest and calmest sleep, the
little hands folded, the tiny feet in a nat
ural position, presenting s tout-ensemble re
minding one of Murlllo's cherubs.
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TWO ODD MAMMALS.
Fads Aboul the Bat That Flies and
the Whale That Swims.
LIFE ON THE PLANET MAES.
Astronomers Believe a Higher Intelligence
Prevails There.
ELECTEICITI. HM0NG TAB CL0DDS
rwKtrn-ir fob the dispatch.
In all the wtrld there is only one species
of featherless animal that can fly, and it is
one that yon probably have often seen.
Properly speaking it has no wings, never
theless its flying appurtenance is more nearly
perfect than that of any bird. It flies with
wonderful rapidity, darts about with such
quickness that it is difficult ior the eye to
follow it, and its senses of touch and smell
are something marvelous. In watching its
rapid and eccentric flight in the twilight
you have, no doubt, thought this strange
animal was a bird. But its bird-like ap
pearance ends with its ability to fly. Its
young are born and nurtured just as are
puppies and kittens.
This strange flying animal is the bat. In
one of iEsOp's fables it is related that the
beasts and the birds once engaged in battle,
and the bat hovered above, changing from
one side tot lie other aii the chances of victory
changed. For this treachery the bat was
doomed to the queer life he now leads, that
of an apparent bird but a real mammalian
animal. The structure of the bat is very
peculiar. An eminent naturalist says: "If
the fingers of a man were to be drawn out
like wire to about four feet in length, a thin
membrane to extend from finger to finger,
and another membrane to fall irora the little
finger to the ancles, he would make a very
tolerable bat." Yes, the whole skeleton of
the bat is very similar to that of man with
the exception of the great elongation of
what we now call the arms and hands.
HOW HE GETS A LIVING.
"When you see the bat darting about in the
evening be is taking his supper. He lives,
as the swallow does, on insects in the air,
and, although his sight is very poor, his
touch and smell are so sensitive that he has
no difficulty in catching his prey, even when
flying so very fast. "When cold weather comes
on the bat ceases toflyaboutinsearchoffood.
He doesn't need to. He seeks a well shelt
ered nook, where he is not likely to be dis
turbed, and quietly takes a nap till next
spring.
Somewhat analagous to the bat, the mam
malian of the air, is the whale, the mam
malian of the sea. The whale is no more a
fish than the bat is a bird. Its young are born
like the kittens and puppies, but only one
at a time. The young whale takes its nour
ishment at its mother's breast, just as the
human baby does, and it is just as carefully
watched and guarded by its parent. Al
though whales grow to enormous size some
times 80 and even 90 feet long the throat is
so small that the animal couldn't swallow a
bite as large as a tea biscuit (This applies
to the common whale; the spermaceti has a
mouth large enough to swallow a man.)
The whalebone which dressmakers and oth
ers find so useful is what may be called the
jaw of the common whale. It has no teeth
and it lives on animalcule little animals
that float in great numbers on the surface
of the water. The whalebone is used as a
sieve through which this food is strained.
Therefore the whale which kindly took
Jooah "in out of the wet" must have been a
spermaceti, which has a big throat and jaws
with about 100 teeth in each.
JUPITER AND MAES.
If you will look southward about 8
o'clock one of these clear November even
ings, you will see, about half way up from
the h'orizon, two ot the earth's brothers.
They are apparently very near to each other
now, and they are the most interesting ob
jects in the sky. The larger of the two is
the earth's biggest brother," Jupiter; and the
smaller is Mars, the little warlike member of
the family. As we see these two brothers
of the earth tbey seem to be near enough to
pass the compliments of the evening. But
they are more than 400,000,000 miles apart.
"When Mars is at his nearest point to the
earth he is about 40,000,000 miles
away. But Jupiter is distant about 475,
000,000 miles. Jupiter is immensely larger
than Mars, and this accounts for his appear
ing larger as we see him, even though he is
so much farther from us.
But there are other aspects ot these two
brothers of the earth that are of most ab
sorbing interest to us. Astronomers agree
that Mars has reached a stage ot evolution
very dearly parallel with that of the earth.'
In laoi it is thought bv some of our best
authorities that animal life not only exists
in Mars but that it has reached a point in
advance of us, and that beings like our
selves, though far beyond us in intelligence,
may now inhabit the ruddy planet that we
see in the sky by the side of Jupiter. Of
course we don't positively know that this is
so; but we do know that Mars is well sup
plied with water, -an atmosphere supposed
to be about as dense as our own, and that all
the conditions of the planet are apparently
favorable to life practically as we have it
here.
ENGINEERING ON MARS.
Indeed, the most famous of all our astron
omers, so far as the study of Mars is con
cerned, has discovered what he calls im
mense canals waterways 200 or 300 miles
wide, and as straight as a surveyor could
make them. It is this astronomer's belief
that these canals are artificial, and that the'
advanced intelligence of the people up there
in the sky has enabled them to accomplish
engineering feats that are tar beyond our
comprehension. Possibly while you are
gazing at Mars the astronomer there may
be looking at the earth with instruments as
far superior to our telescope in far-seeing
capacity as the latter are to the naked eye.
On the other hand we know to a certainty
that Jupiter has not yet reached the stage
of evolution which makes the existence of
animal and vegetable life possible. Jupiter
is now, as all astronomers agree, in the same
condition that the earth reached ages ago
when it was condensing, contracting and
cooling on the surface. .The time will come,
probably millions of years hence, when
Jupiter will reach a stage that may fit it for
forms of life similar to what we see on the
earth, a counterpart of what astronomers be
lieve to exist on Mars. The 1 Bible tells us
that nothing was created in vain, and scien
tific knowledge leads us by analogy to the
conclusion that those two brothers of the
earth, far away in the southern sky, were
made lor a purpose similar to that for which
the earth was created.
CAUSES OP LIGHTNING.
"Wfthin the last few years electricity has
beenfinployed for so many useful purposes
that some knowledge of its action is essen
tial to the common education of every per
son. The ancients generally supposed that
the lightning and the thunder were mnni
lestatious of the Almighty's displeasure.
All savages still believe this. Even in the
early years of this century there was hardly
anything known about the causes of
electrical manifestations. Our grandfathers
thought the "northern lights," or aurora
borealis, were caused by the sun shining on
the great ice masses at the North Pole. If
we could have asked one ot those old gentle
men why the lightning streaks appeared in
the sky during a thunder storm, he would
probably have answered: "I give it up."
Buv we Know all about it. That is we
understand the causes of natural electric
displays; but the utility of this mishty
agent, with all the wonders thus far ac
complished, is probable only in its infancy.
The lightning and resultant thunder may
be caused in two ways: If two clouds come
together, one of which is positively and the
other negatively charged with electricity,
an explosion 'will result, and the sound
made thereby is the thunder that we hear
reverberating in the air Again, if one
electrified cloud floats, near the earth,
separated there from by a layer of insulating
air, the ground becomes oppositely electrified
and a lightning stroke is the consequence.
You can tell approximately, how ' far
away from you the lightning flash is in time
of a" thunder storm, watch the lightning
with a watch in your hand, note the time of
the flash by the second hand, observe the
difference in seconds between the flash and
the thunder, then multiply the number of
seconds by 1,100 about the rate that sound
travels in a second, and you have in feet the
distance from the point when the lightning
flashed. I. H. Webb.
INDIAH ATTACKS.
An Amusing Instance of How They Some
times Arrive When Least Expected.
Soldiers advancine against Indians oiten
march for days without seeing a red man;
but the veterans know that if the Indians
want to find them they will be heard from
wh'en least expected. A story told in "War
path and Bivouac" illustrates how sudden
ly Indians announce their presence.
General Crook's command was camped on
Crazv Woman's Fork, and not an Indian
had disturbed them for several nights. It
was very cold, and all were impatient for
some sort of excitement. One night some
officer said, "Let us go uptoBourke'stent,"
and they all went.
The Lieutenant, a memberof Crook's staff,
was found studying a military map by the
light of a candle.
"Hello, Bourkel" said one of the visitors.
"Aren't you atraid the Indians will venti
late your tent, if vou keep that light burn
ing?" "Ob, no," replied Bourkc. "The Indians
that have been firing into us are a small
flying party. You may rely ou it that you
won't hear anything more from them this
side of Tongue river. The distance is, too
great from their villages and the weather is
too cold. Mr. Indian doesn't care to be
frozen. Now I'll show you on this map the
point where they will most likely make their
first real at "
WhizzI pop! bangl zip! came a volley
from the bluffs above the camp. A bullet
struck the candle and pnt it out. Another
made a large-sized hole in the map. The
officers scattered, and Bourke was left alone
to meditate on the instability of Indian
character.
A GEAMMATICAI. DILEMMA.
How
a Tailor Avoided an Embarrassing;
Verbal Problem.
Youth's Companion.)
The difficulty which attacks the person
who wishes to form the plural of some word
for which the grammar and dictionary seem
to have provided no rule, is quite serious. A
tailor in a country town was accustomed to
make occasional pilgrimages to the nearest
city to obtain his goods, and he never re
sorted to writing unless in case of dire
necessity and haste.
At one time, however, he was in need of
two of the articles called "a tailor's goose,"
and was unable to leave home. So in great
distress he began to compose his note, which
speedily presented a difficulty beyond the
usual one of spelling the words properly, iu
the shape of the unmanageable plural.
Should be sav geese or gooses? At last a
brilliant idea occurred to him, and he sent
off the following note:
Dear Sir Please send me at once a tailor's
goose, and oblige yours respectfully,
A. iJEOWIf.
P. S. Send me another.
FACTS ABOUT DIAMONDS.
Their Purchase is an Index to the World's
Surplus Earnings.
Jewelers' Weekly.!
The world's stock of diamonds has in
creased enormously in the last 15 years. In
1ST6 the output of the African mines was
1.500,000 carats, last year it was nearly
4,000,000 carats, and the syndicate which
controls all the principal mines asserts that
it has 16,000,000 carats in sigh'. Meantime
the demand for diamonds has greatly in
creased, and they are higher in price than
they were a year ago.
In one respect the diamond industry is
different from almost all others. Its prod
uct is never consumed. Of gold and silver
a much larger amount than most people1
would believe is literally consumed in the
arts past recovery, but a diamond once cut
goes into the world's great stock and is lia
ble to come upon the market at any time.
The world's annual purchase of diamonds,
which appears to be steadily increasing,
even at advanced prices, is an index to the
amount of its surplus earnings it can afford
to expend in luxury.
STEAHGE TELEPHONE WISE.
Remarkable Results Obtained by Prof. Bell
From Disks of Selenium.
Youths' Companion.)
Whether we shall ever be able to see our
friends at a distance, as we now talk with
them, is something for the science of
the future to determine; but if we ever do
so, it will doubtless be through the mysteri
ous counection between light, electricity
and the element selenium.
Selenium belongs to what is known as the
sulphur group of elements. It is remark
able for the wonderful property by which
its electrical conductivity varies according
to the amoudt of light falling upon it, just
as the chemical relations of silver are altered
by the same means.
By this singular property of selenium
Pro I. Bell was enabled to construct an
optical telephone, and actually transmitted
words and sentences between two distant
points which were not connected in any way
except by a beam of light, which faithfully
carried the vibrations of his voice to a
selenium disk, by which they were trans
formed into electric energy, and reproduced
in an ordinary telephone.
EARTHQUAKES IN JAPAN.
They Have Eighty Disturbances in Twenty
Six Days and Get Used to Them.
Japan is scarcely the country for nervous
and timid people, judging from an official
report just issued by the Japanese Govern
ment. During last April there were no less
than 80 earthquake disturbances felt on 26
days. The day on which the largest num
ber occurred was tho 17th, when there were
17 distiuct oscillations, thnngh the most
serious disturbance occurred on the 16th,
when its effects were felt in no less tbau 20
provinces.
None of the shocks, however, were of a
destructive character, the worst effects
produced being cracks in the ground, the
displacement of doors and screens, the
overturning of small articles on shelves,
and the stoppage of clocks. The people of
Japan are said to have become accustomed,
owing to their frequency, to these seismic
disturbances, but however much accus
tomed they may be they can scarcely feel
secure when their land is in such J
perpetual state of internal commotion.
PLANTS IN BOOM.
The Belief That They Are Injurious to the
' General Health.
There is a widespread belief that the pres
ence of growing plants and cut flowers in
rooms is in some way prejudicial to those
who sleep therein. This belief is probably
due to the fact, learned atschool, that plants
give off at night carbonic acid, and the
knowledge that this gas is irrespirable. A
writer in Amateur Gardening has recently
published the results of some experi
ments made in a closed ereenhouse, showing
how fanciful are these fears.
In this greenhouse there were 6,000 grow
ing plants, and the average ot three experi
ments made early on three different morn
ings alter the place had been closed for more
thau 12 hours, exhibited only 4.03 parts of
carbonic add per 10,000. V e can judge bv
this experiment that from oflo or tno plants
the quantity 01 gas given off must be lar too
small for recognition, and certainly many
hundred times less than that formed hv n
burning taper, or given off by one pair of
lUUgl.
PEINT1N6 PICTURES.
The Third Paper of the Series Upon
Amateur Photography.
PKINTS IN BLUE AND IN SILVEE.
Points About the Sensitized Paper Used in
the Processes.
THE TONING, FIXING AND WASHING
To mace this series of papers as valuable
as possible The Dispatch will answer any
questions relating to photography that may
be sent to this office. All questions and an
swers that do not require too much space
will be published in connection with the
papers. No attention will be paid to anon
ymous communications. Address Amateur
Photo Department, Pittsboeg Dispatch.
No. 3.
"WRITTEN TOR TUB DISPATCH.)
Probably the most difficult factor in suc
cessful amateur photographic work is the
printing and "toning" or pictures. This is
because it calls for the exercise of judgment
and artistic taste in a more marked degree
than any other process. But in compensa
tion for its difficulty it is by far the most at
tractive and interesting work the photog
rapher is called upon to do. The more he
progresses in this department the more he
realizes the vast possibilities for the display
of originality and individual taste.
There is nothing really complicated about
it, and all the amateur has to do is to make
np his mind at the outset that he will be
content to accept indifferent results at first.
Every succeeding batch of prints he makes
will show gratifying improvement, and, as
he finds out with each how he can make the
next better, so will his interest in the work
increase.
MAKING BLUE PEINTS.
It is advisable foe all beginners to prac
tice first with what are known as blue prints.
They are very simple in the method ot pre
paring them, and serve the purpose of malt
ing the operator familiar with the handling
of bis printing frame. Haying secured one
or more printing Irames of the size ot your
plates, get a package of blue paper of your
dealer. Lay your negative in the frame so
that its back will be exposed to the light,
and the face or film side will come into con
tart with the sensitized side of the paper.
Fasten the back of the frame by means of
the spring catches and expose them to the
direct sunlight. Bine prints require longer
exposure than is the case with the regula
tion silver prints. The method of ascertain
ing when a print has been printed deep
enongh is to open one side of the
back of the frame and lift up the
end of the paper thus released from
pressure. The image will be indistinct and
apt to deceive at first. But it must be borne
in mind that the subsequent washing will
take away all that dirty aspect and leave a
clear blue and white picture. Therefore, the
print must be much darker than you want
your picture to be. It may be considered
ready for washing when the dark effects of
the picture take on a bronze color. Then a
little washing and you have a finished
picture. Place the print face down in a
basin of clear water, and after five minutes
renew the water and then give it a third
washing, allowing, say, 15 minutes in all.
By that time the image will have come out
clear and sharp. Dry the print between
sheets of clean blotting paper.
PKINTIHG OU SILVERED PAPER.
The simplicity of making blue prints be
comes apparent after the first trial. Many
amateurs stick to them right through on
that account, and because in many cases
tbey make decidedly pretty pictures. But
it needs no argument that the finest effects
as regards both wealth of detail and warmth
of tone are attained with the silvered
paper. "Heady sensitized paper" can be
obtained of most dealers, but it is most diffi
cult to get satisfactory tones in prints made
on paper that has been kept in stock for any
great length of time. The nature of the
chemicals used in preparing the paper is
such that they lose their properties after a
few days. To overcome this, certain acids
are used, which, while keeping the paper
fresh, rob it of it3 best quality.
Therefore, it is prelerable to buy your
paper of your regular photographer or of a
dealer who makes it every day or so. He
will cut the sheet up for you into the re
quired sizes, or it not, you can do it very
easily yourself. It is not necessary to have
the paper cut into the exact size of your
negatives; in fact, it is a waste to do so. If
you use 4x5 plates, the paper should be cut
fully a quarter inch smaller each way, be
cause the margin of your printing irame
will take away at least that much. This
fraction saved on every print will allow the
sheets of paper to be cut up to much better
advantage. For instance, if you cut full 4x
5 size, you cannot get more than 16 sheets,
but by the economy referred to you can get
20, with practically no waste.
THE LIGHT REQUIRED.
The paper should be handled in subdued
light. Gas light will not affect it, nor will
the light 01 a room some distance away from
the windows. It should, however, be kept
undercover when not in actual use. So
much for the paper. The method of print
ing on it is exactly the same as with the
blue paper. Place the sensitized surface
next to the film side of the negative and ex
pose to the light. If the negative is thin, do
not lay the frame in the direct rays of the
sun, but in a shaded place. As remarked
above, silver prints require less time than
the blues.
Examine them from time to time, and
when the print is considerably darker than
you wish it to be when finished, take it out
of the lrame. Make all the prints you
intend to before beginning the next process.
Then trim off the rough edges; it is much
easier to do it before toning and fixing thaj
afterwards. The best plan of cutting sil
vered paper is to lay it face up on a piece of
glass and then blocE off the pieces by lading
a glass form of the required size on top and
cutting around its edges with a kniie-blade.
These glass forms are sold by all dealers, or
you can have one cut by any glass cutter
a "glass-put-iu man," for instance.
TONING AND FIXING PRINTS.
The process of toning and fixing requires
two baths and consequently two trays. A
porcelain tray is the uest for the gold bath
and class or hard rubber for the other. The
toning bath has chloride of gold for its
principal ingredient. Buy a 15-grain pack-afeei-it
will'look small to you, but it goes a
long way anddissolve it in 15 ounces of
water, one grain for every ounce. Label
this bottle "gold solution." Next make a
saturated solution of bicarbonate of soda
(baking soda). Half a teacupful of soda
will be enough lor a quart bottle of water.
Label this "soda solution." This solution
should be allowed 24 hours before using.
Both will keet) well ii tightly corked.
To prepare your toning bath the writer
suggests the lollowing method as the
simplest, and at the same time the most sat
isfactory: For a batch ol 12- to 15 prints,
pour one ounce of the gold solution iuto a
glass graduate. Then hold in it a piece of
bine litmus paper until the paper turns a
brick red. Then pour into the graduate,
slowly, euough 01 the soda solution to 'turn
the paper blue again. This is done to neu
tralize the acidity oMhegoId. You will
find that about an equal quantit" of gold
and soda will be required. Drop in a little
pinch of salt and let the mixture stand for
about 20 minutes. Then pour it into the
toning tray and add seven to eight ounces
of clean water. It 4s then ready for use.
After toning a batch of prints filter and
keep in a bottle labeled "toning bath," for
future use.
THE FIXING BATH.
The fixing bath is made by dissolving
hyposulphite Of soda in water in the follow
ing proportion Hyposulphite soda, 1, 01.;
cntfr ftnt. Ahnut 3 ft?, nf fti. c,l. frtQl
of water is the usual quantity for a lot of 12
to 15 prints. Prepare this bath fresh" each
tirhe in your "fixing" tray.
Everything now being in readiness, take
your trimmed prints and wash them in sev
eral changes of water until the water no
longer has a milky appearance. Then im
merse the prints, face down, in the toning
batb,tt)ne by one, taking care that no air
bubbles remain under the prints. Gradu
ally reverse the prints in the bath until the
white objects are perfectly clear and the
print takes on a purplish hue. It is here
that the operator's judgment is called into
play. He will soon get to learn by practlee
when a print is properly toned. Ordinarily
about ten minutes is sufficient time for the
process. If the print is not toned deep
enough it wil fade to a dirty brown in the
fixing bath; it toned too deep it will turn a
slate color.
After toning, wash the prints again in
clean water and then place them iu the fix
ing batb, leaving them in it for 20 minutes.
This bath fades the print to a marked ex
tent and mtkes it permanent. Therefore it
is thaf'the picture must be printed consid
erably darker in the first place.
THE FINISHING TOUCHES.
When the prints are removed from the
fixing bath, they need a long and thorough
washing, exactly the same as negatives and
for the same purpose to remove all traces of
"hypo." Itunning water here again comes
into play. The prints should be thus washed
fo five or six hours. It running water is
not to be had, change the water as often as
practicable, say five or six times. The prints
may then be dried by laying them between
blotting papers. Avoid white blotting paper,
as it is o'ten bleached with hyposulphite of
soda. Use the buff-colored treasury blotter
if possible.
There are as many formula for toning
baths as there are days in the month, but the
one suggested above is the most popular with
professionals, as well as with expert ama
teurs. W. O. ESCHTVEGE.
TRICKY SABA BEBNHABDT.
How She Deceived a French Editor and
Got a Lot of Advertising.
Sara Bernhardt has been known to beat
the shrewdest editors out of a free advertise
ment. A good story comes from Paris. The
news was somehow spread about that the
divine Sara had become insane. No, said
Messieurs, the journalists and dramatic
critics, you bave deceived us too olten; this
time we positively refnse to believe one syl
lable. The editor of the Figaro, was espe
cially firm in his petition. By the great
gods he had sworn, and be would stand by
his oath, that Bernhardt's name should
never again appear in types which he con
trolled. But private information came to
him from sources deemed incorruptible,
and he was brought to call on Bernhardt to
see with his own eyes.
In her boudoir, with lights turned down,
she kept bim waiting, and then bounced
into the apartment like one of her own
tiger cats and leaned against the mantel,
her hair disheveled, face haggard, features
blank and unintelligent, fingers trembling.
Her complexion was ghastly, her eyes wan
dering. Not a word did she answer to his
questions, but mumbled to herself in under
tones. Altera little she dropped to the
floor and lay staring iuto the fire, babbling.
The editor was convinced. Next day he
came out with a lamentation; a great light
had gone out; Bernhardt had had her faults,
but it would be long ere they looked on her
like again.
This was the moment for which Bernhardt
had been waiting. In two hours a card
from her was iu every newspaper office in
the city; she was not insane, she could not
imagine how much a canard had started,
her head had never been clearer, as she
hoped to convince the public by her pro
duction or , in which she should open
the week following.
PB0TCHVE INOCUXATION.
The Theory Upon TVhich it Operates, and the
Microbes "Which Are Introduced.
The English Illustrated .Magazine.!
The most familiar form of protective in
oculation is ordinary vaccination, in which
a comparatively small number of the
microbes are introduced into the system
there to multiply abundantly and to effect
some change, possibly to remove some nec
essary food materia, so that the system
will no lorger favor the growth of
the same organism if it subsequently
gain access. The system thus becomes pro
tected by haying supported a crop of
organisms and is incapable of maintaining
a second, immunity from the particular dis
ease being thus secured for a longer or
shorter period of time in the future. It has,
however, been found that protection may be
secured in the case of some diseases without
inoculating the living organism at all, but
by introducing only a certain quantity of
its products on successive occasions and in
increasing quantities. In this case the pro
tection obviously depends upon accustom
ing the system to the particular poison,
just as persons may by practice be
come accustomed to taking doses of ar
senic or opium which would prove intmedi
ately fatal td ordinary people. Consider
ations ot this kind have led Pasteur to de
vise the systems of preventive inoculation
for anthrax, for chicken colera, and more
recently for the terrible hydrophobia, which
is doubtless a disease produced by microbes,
although as yet undiscovered.
VJ33M0HT MAEBLE QTJAEErES.
Fourteen Hundred Saws Grinding Stone Into
Large Slabs.
The marble sawing mill at Proctor is
probably the largest establishment of the
sort iff America, and perhaps in the world.
Harper's Weekly says that 78 gangs of saws
are steadily at work day and night, repre
senting some 1,400 saws grinding marble
blocks into slabs. It is a tremendous spec
tacle, which is rendered yetmore impressive
by the picturesque figures moving in the
dusky light, and the teams of four horses,
each drawing great blocks of stone along
the aisles of saws moving back and forth
like shuttles.
At one end of the mill is a large turning
lathe, wnich was shaping monolithic col
umns 20 feet in length when completed, and
21 inches in diameter. The drum can be
shaped Dy the steam lathe as correctly as by
hand, and in much less time, requiring only
one man lo stand by and watch the machine;
but the fluting must be cut by chisel and
mallet, ai no contrivance has yet been dis
covered ior executing that process iu mar
ble. WAEXIKE SCOTLAND.
Northern Courage Conspicuous in Long and
Heroic History.
The romance of war runi through nearly
the whole history of Scotland, says the
Scottish-American. It begins with the dis
tant conflicts of Soman and Caledonian,
Pict and Scot; is continued in the cam
paign of the English sovereigns so olten on
the point ot subjugating Scotland, vet in
the end baffled; and is diversified by the
hairbreadth escapes of Wallace, Bruce,
Douglas, Bacdolph, and the defeats of
Falkirk, Flodden, Solway Moss, as sign?l
as the victories of Stirling Bridge and Ban
nockburn;yet, throughout the whole his
tory, the indomitable courage is conspicu
ous which never acknowledged de eat as
final.
EFFECT OF A FALL.
How Chairman Jones, of HlnoIs, Learned
the Republicans Were Beaten.
Chicago Tribune.
AtBepublicau headquarters the follow
ing story is told: "Long Jones," the State
Chairman or the party, boards at the Grand
Pacific. Wednesday morning before look
ing ann e papers ne went In to breakfast
As he did so he met one ot the colored hall,
men, of the hotel, who saluted him
"Mawum", Mistah Jones."
The Chairman In relating it said: "I
knew then for the first timn .r ,.
feated. That man had been calling- me
Colonel Joae' for the last year." e . , 1
SATED BY HIS HORSE.
Colonel Broadwater's Twenty-Hile
Eace With Two Murderers.
THE ANIMAL DROPS AT THE END.
Thirty Founds of Gold Cast and a Ilamaa
Life 5Iade Up the Stakes.
TALE OP P10NEEE DAYS IN MONTANA
In the Gilsey House corridor a few days
ago, writes Carson Lake in the New York
Press, I met Colonel C. A. Broadwater,
about whom I heard a most exciting pioneer
incident when I was in Montana last sum
mer. Colonel Broadwater is one of ths
leading men of the new mountain State,
having been one of the earliest settlers of
the Territory. He was fortunate in his gold
discoveries and is wealthy. He is short and
stout, but gives evidence in his muscular
frame of having in his younger days been
extremely athletic.
At the time this incident occurred, which
was early in the sixties, Bannack City, the
principal place in the Territory, had been
overrun with a gang of desperadoes, and a
vigilance committee had been formed,
which hanged some of them and banished
others. Two of these banished men were
named Moore and Eeeves. Colonel Broad
water, with a young man named Pemberton,
had some time before this gone into Beer
Lodge Valley, where a mining camp ex
isted, had selected the present site of Deer
Lodi-e as an eligible town site and began
laying it out in lots.
HIGHNESS TO OUTLAWS.
They were thus engaged when Moore and
Beeves arrived there under banishment.
The outlaws were absolutely without food or
shelter and Moore fell sick. Colonel Broad
water took care ot them, fed them and
doubtless s-ived Moore's life, if not Eeeves
besides. Just a year later Broadwater was
heavily engaged in the cattle business. He
bonght beef in Deer Lodge and sold it in
Bannack City at a good profit. The pro
ceeds of his sales often amounted to thou
sands of dollars iu gold dust, which was ths
currency of the mining camps. On one oc
casion he was preparing to return to Deer
Lodge after a profitable sale, with about
$6,000 in his possession, when Moore sud
denly turned up, renewed acquaintance and
asked for a few momenta' private conversa
tion. It transpired long afterward that there
was a large and well-organized band of road
agents and thieves at Bannack, of which
one Plummer, the Sheriff, was the head.
Moore was a member ot this gang, and he
told Broadwater that the word had been
passed to waylay him on his homeward
journey and murder him for his dust.
Moore, of course, did not disclo-e his own
connection with the band, but advised
Broadwater to leave the city secretly and on
no account tell anyone, not even his most
intimate friend, what hour he would leave.
TOOK EVERY PEECADTION'.
Prom remarks dropped by Moore Broad
water became satisfied that the information
was correct, and he started for Deer Lodge
in the evening and rodeuntil nearly 3 o'clock
in the morning, crossing the Big Horn be
fore he stopped lor rest. Then he lay down
with the lariat fasteningat his horse's bridle
firmly tied to his wrist, so that the animal
might not be stolen by Indians. It was
daybreak when the horse wakened him by a
snort, and he surprised an Indian creeping
on him. A shot from his revolver sent the
redskin skurrving away to the mountains,
dangerously wounded, as he afterwards
learned, and he resumed his journey.
Having ridden for an hour, Broadwater
suddenly came upon a camp fire, before
which two men were seated whom he knew
to be among the most desperate ruffians of
the region. They were greatly surprised 10
see him, and he felt certain tbey had coma
out from Bannock City to lie iu wait for
him, and were the persons against whom
Moor: had warned him. They were George
Ives and Johnny Cooper, both of whom were
executed by vigilantes some months after
ward. Their horses were grazing on the foot
hills two or three miles away and Broad
water saw his advantage in that fact. It
showed that they had not expected him so
soon.
CONTWAT'S. TTVE-STY MILES AWAY.
They hailed him as he passed and urged
him to wait for their company, as they were
going his way, road agents were outand it
nould be safer to travel in company. Ha
told them his horse was jaded and he would
ride slowly on. as they could easily over
take him. By way of allaying their sus
picions hegot off his animal and led it up a
steep incline, shouting back as he did so
that his horse was tagged out and they conld
catch up in a short time. The walk up hill
favored the horse and possibly saved his
life. He was 20 miles from the second cross
ing of the Deer Lodge river, where a
Frenchman named Contway was living with
his Indian wife, and which point he knew
was his nearest place of safety.
The moment he was onto' sight of tba
scoundrels, whom' he could see making ac
tive preparations to follow him, he mounted
again and bezan what he knew was a race
for life. The Colonel tells now with quiet
relish how he spurred over the broad open
valley, where there was nothing but prairia
vegetation, honing to cover as much ground
as possible while out of sight of the ruffians
and before they could take alarm, but it can
be imagined that ne was iu no enviable
frame of mind during his hard ride. His
horse obeyed spur and whip reluctantly and
might give out at anytime. He had coy-
ered ten miles, when, looking back, he could
sec the two men in a cloud of dust about
three miles back, in full pursuit and gain
ing on him.
DIAMOND CUT DIAMOND.
There was one chance to escape, fo eoad
his horse to greater exertions, his 30 pounds
of gold dust strapped to his person being a
terrible handicap against the fresh animals
of his pursuprs. As Contway's ranch came
in sight the hurried tramp of the hoofs of tba
ruffi ins' horses rang iu his ears. He put
the spurs in again and again and dashed up
to Contway's door, while Ives and Cooper
reined up SO rods away. Broadwater's
horse dropped from exhaustion, being ut
terly ruined, but had saved his master'
life.
When Ives and Cooper came up Ivei
coolly pretended that Broadwater had raced
to beat them,- and Broadwater feil in with
the deceit, saying that he had waited for
some time, but as they did not catch up to
him he had ridden somewhat harder to make
np the lost time. This was by uo means tha
end of the adventure. All three men
shared Contway's hospitality that night, the
rnffijns not daring to make any hostile dem
oustratiohs on an equal footing. Broad
water knew that Contway had some flee
horses, and persuaded the Frenchman t
saddle and bring up one of his fleetest o
pretense of going to hunt for cattle He h
made a quiet arrangement with the Frenci
man to buy the animal.
SAVED BY A SECRET BARGAIN.
When the magnificent and clean-limb
horse stood iu front of the door, Ives a
Cooper, whose animals were tethered on 1
prairie at some distance, came out w
Broadwater. The latter entered into c
versation of a bantering character w
Contway, pretending to want to buy
horse, and mounted, as if to try the anim
"I will keep him and pay you when I co
this way again, Contway," he said, "and
might as well be going how." After so
little protest the Frenchman assented,' p
tending to do so because the others w
present as witnesses to the bargain.
Ives and Cooper tried to persuade Broi
water to wait until they could saddle 1
and insisted that it wasn't fair for him
desert them that way, but he made tb?i
cuse tnat he had important business wh'i
ne must re icn Jjeer JLodge to complete, a
rodetbe,20 miles as fast as his hreshho
would let bim. He found that he haeifr
den the. 107 miles between. BannacklG
and DeerLodge. Includinir stonnaWiJfrT
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