lmfii 'IT TBI
10
half glass of heated milk, into -which they
pour the coflee. I don't know why they in
sist on serving my coffee in a glass, and I
cannot taik enough ot the lingo to find out.
don't like the hours.
A good break fast is served from 11 A. M.
to 1 r. 31., where I am living at the "Del
monico's" or "Chamberlin's," of Para, kept
hy a Frenchman, and which is patronized
by the English and American residents.
Through this association I manage to get
vhatl want from the bills of fare. Every
thing is served by plates or courses; and
everybody drinks claret, genuine Brazil
claret, at their meals, which is also an extra
charge. I find no fault with the French
Portucuese cooking, hut LJkick ;every day
against going out in the boiling sun for
breaktast at 11 a. si. and dining after dark.
But one is never satisfied in this world.
As a boy, at home, and in later years also,
when I had to rise and dress in the cold of a
winter morning, before day break, I used to
complain about the hardships of having to
"get up in the night to eat breakfast" by
candle light; and here I have a chance to
sleep till noon and cannot appreciate it. It
occurs to me that everything is done by con
traries here. To get iiito a cool climate you
go south. The rule of the road is to turn to
the left, and street cars are always on the
wronc track."
COUKTESIES OF THE BRAZILIANS.
When gentlemen friends meet after an ab
sence, or are about to separate.tbey em
brace each other warmly, each giving the
other three pats on the back. When the
ladies meet, they kiss each other on one
cheek and then turn the other. A very
clever Brazilian to whom I have talked
about the customs, assured me that he never
kissed his wife until alter his marriage; and
all know that we reverse that sort of tiding;
with us all the kissing is done belore marry
ing, and not after. The ladies wait lor the
gentlemen to recognize them first, as I dis
covered to my embarrassment. Now I litt
my hat to almost all the ladies, and receive
a pleasant smile and nod in acknowledg
ment. The cultivated Brazilian at home is
mo hosnitable. and always as courteous
and polite as a Frenchman, of whom X am
frequently remindea by them.
Tne life of a Consul in the tropics is not
necessarily the "unhappy lot" it has been
pictured in this correspondence, as much
depends upon the character and habits of
the man as on that of the position he fills.
The duties are, as a rule, light, and in gen
eral terms confined to looking alter the in
terests of American trade and welfare of
American seamen.
ONE OF THE CONSUL'S DUTIES.
The other day a blustering big fellow,
full of cachaca, or the rum of the country,
come to the consulate, and in a loud man
ner demanded relief in the way ot some
ctsy. When I mildly intimated that the
Government did not send me out here to play
bartender or o make a gin mill or the con
sulate, he rolled up his shirt sleeves, show
ing a brawny arm. tattooed all over with
sailors' emblems, and declared tnat either I
or him had got to die. I kept my seat, but
quutly opened a drawer in wnich I keep an
American revolver, and cooled him down by
ohserving that I hoped be wouldn't put me
to the expense of paying his funeral ex
poses out of my slender salary, or of mak
i'.z a report to the department of the
' effects" lie was wearing.
he leit, and, when sobered up, called
ciain to apolocize, and declared be would
i'tA for the American Consul; and I be
lieve he would. On another occasion a
voung lrisuman was sent to me by the
British Consul with the request that I would
send him to Xew York mi the American
ship kailing that day. When I reminded
hun that it was the duty of the English
oiisul to take care of Irish subjects of
"-c.it Britain, he left muttering curses on
tti. English Government
UE HAD BEEN TOSTED.
Soon after he called in. and declared him
se.t an Amenc.in seaman in distress. I sus
prtted that he had been advised by someone
nun was attempting to beat his free transit
bv our ship; but he had been so well coached
i at all the questions that I could put failed
to disconcert him. I gave him a note to the
emu in ot the ship, with a request to allow
ui to work his passage, which was grace
fully grante'l; and when I told the Irishman
i go aboard the American ship he was' so
overcome with gratitude that he reached
across mv desk, as I shook his hand, and at
tempted to kiss me, but I escaped.
O je evening while seated in the consulate,
lo king vainly and sorrowfully over the
Amazon toward the Xorth Star, which now,
a -ver, is just below our horizon, I heard a
vi iCf in the rear o1 the large building hum
u..oi, or plaintively sinsing, that dear old
s ru, "Awiv Down Upon the Snwauee
p vcr." Always passionately fond of music,
eiii"ciallv oi this character, I was strongly
attracted toward the voice, expectins to find
an American, who, like myself, was "lar,
tar away" from home. Instead, however, I
d senvered that the sweet sounds came from
about as unprepossessing looking a colored
m u as I've ever seen. Though he had a
v . aiuous express.on on his countenance
wnen in repose, yet when he discovered that
be uas talking to an American recently from
the South, he grinned all over his face with
Orllhc
THE SONGSTEB HOMEWAED BOUND.
I ascertained that he was an American
r z n. born and raised on a plantation near
s Tjr nah, Ga., had been to sea some years
a i rarne out here in an English ship of the
An zon Company's.
V ,.en 1 asked him if he didn't want to go
boiw he said : "I done left thar like a fool
' -'er, and don't never speck to git back
i ar i-o nioah." When I offered to send him
b me .is an Americau seaman he was filled
t vei flowing with gratitude, and has come
the consulate every day since, with hat in
ta i bowing and smiling, while he offers
ti si-rv.ces to the Consul.
i l is a true story, aud the colored Ameri
can leaver on the steamship Advance,
ca-Tving with him several Braziliau parrots
as. prevents to some lady lriends at home. I
h ve s-nt also a number of the beautiful
' j d bu'.'s." for mounting, as well as some
'he rich and rare leathers of the Eigretta
b.r.;, and a number of leaves of the gold
a: o silver and velvet plants. I mention
Tuesc to say that I can supply duplicates to
mends. There was also sent to the zoologi
cal garden at Washington a rare monkey
rota the upper Amazon, with a beard and a
peculiar caudal appendage.
J. O. Kekbet.
QUEEE POSTOPFICES.
A Gleaner of the Curions Slakes ft Quaint
Collection of Postal Names.
ew York lclesram.
A postofficc town in Vermont la called
B ead Loaf.
In Alabama can be found Big Coon, Coal
Fire and Bed Hose.
Kansas boasts of a Cheese Han, a Hay
Day and a Pop Corn.
Old Virginia has an Alone, a Negro Foot
and an Old Hundred.
Kentucky has Bark Bone, Hard Honey,
Apple Tree and Paw Paw.
Michigan has a Waltz, ISone Such and
Cob Moo Sa for postoffices.
In Georgia is Dirt Town, Alligator, Fish,
Cold Water, Pay Up and Cut Off.
Texas has Adieu, Baby Head, Benzine,
Cotton Gin, Cowboy and Stranger.
In Arkansas is a postoffice called Good
Luck and another called Sweet Home.
A Chain of Bocks is a post town in Mis
souri, and Medicine is also located there.
Isorth Carolina postoffices are called
Chanty, Prosperity andForksof Piceons.
Io this State are a Promised Land, a
Painted Post, Good Ground and HalfMoon.
Indiana has Art, Mud Lick, Potato
( ek, Pinkamink, 2fo, Go Soon Over, Don
Juan and Toll Gate.
The 'Way to Else.
ew Tor Ledger.
The man who is not content with merely
fulfilling orders, but who puts his mind into
his own work, arranging its details, devis
ing methods to speed and perfect it, and
using his intelligence as well as his hands
in performing it, is sure to rise. The better
quality of work he performs will soon be
appreciated, and his success and promotion
are assured.
Ill AGE OF TERRAPIN
The Succulent Reptile Weighs Down
the Tables of the Epicures
of the Capital City.
A CEOP WORTH TWO JIILLI05S.
Ones a Cart Load Could be Bought for
a Dollar, hat Now Tbej Corns at
Sixty Dollars a Dozen.
STATESMEN ARE ALL GOOD LITEES.
Sesiteri Avsigt 175 Pccuii tad Ircy Hew Kin
Frocceis to Qtt Fat Fnmjtly.
CORBESFONDEKCE OF TUB DISPATCH. 1
Washington, November 22. The ter
rapin season has just opened, and some of
the finest diamond backs ever known are
now for sale in Washington. They bring
higher prices than ever, and a number of
the sales made for the Thanksgiving dinner
of this week range from 550 to $G0 per
dozen. Almost any kind of a genuine ter
rapin is worth 2 50 and the average price
paid here is about $36 per dozen.
The markets of Washington and Balti
more consume more terrapin than those of
any two other cities of the country, and the
demand is always creater than the supply.
This year there promises to be a scarcity in
the market, and the output of the Chesa
peake Bay and its tributaries will not be
over 750,000. This number, however, at ?3
apiece, figures up a total of ?2,250,000,
which is a large amount to pay for turtles.
There are to-day something like 1,000 men
fishing lor terrapins along the Chesapeake
Bay.
CATCHING THE BEAUTIES.
The turtles roost in the coves and -along
the shores. They are caught in nets and it
is by no means an easy thing to make a good
haul. The terrapin are noted for their curi
osity. The hunters anchor their boats near
where they suppose them to be lying and
then by tacping on the sides of the boat
make a noise which causes them to rise to
the surface. As soon as they appear they
are caught in a hand net and jerked into
the boat. The animals live in the mud and
the hunters poke about in tbe slime with
three-pronsed forks until they more them
into drac nets, which they have spread over
the places where they suppose them to be.
Sometimes the oystermen catch them when
they are dredging for oysters and they are
shipped here in barrels.
They are sold alive and they are fed regu
larly after they are captured until they take
their places on the tables of the statesmen.
Terrapin are found in North and South Car
olina and elsewhere, but the very best terra
pin in the world comes from the mouth of
the Potomac and alone the shores of the
Chesapeake, where the Patuxent river emp
ties into it.
WHAT DIAMOND BACKS EAT.
They live on water celery, water cress and
other grasses, and do not object to a good
bite oi fish when they can get it. Manv oi
the animals are shipped from here to New
York and Philadelphiaandcratesof them are
sent to London every year. When Keverdy
Johnson was sent as minister to England on
a very important mission lie took a lot of
terrapin along with him to use at the big
dinners which he proposed, to give. He
also took the famous negro cook, Wormley,
the man who established one of the biggest
hotels in Washington, and who left about
$100,000, all made out of tickling other
men's stomachs, with him.
Wormley was a famous terrapin cook, and
he dished up the turtles to the Queen's
taste. Every one in London talked about
the American Minister's dinners, and his
diplomatic mission was successful. Since
that lime, however, there has been a regular
demand for terrapin in the London market,
and a number of our diplomats are having
the toothsome reptiles shipped to them. I
saw an order yesterday from the consul at
Dresden for a dozen, and I understand that
ther frequently appear on Minister Beid's
table.
FIT SENATORIAL STOMACHS.
There is hardly a Senator of the United
States who is not fond ot terrapin. Bayard
has cained more notoriety lor his terrapin
cooking than even for his statesmanship,
and I understand that SenatorEvartsknows
jnst bow to dress and cook a terrapin so as
to make it equal to tbe very best product of
John Chatnberlin. Congressman Gibson,
of Maryland, has a recipe for cooking terra
pin which he says surpasses those ot either
Bayard's or Evarts', and this is the way it
read:
The first thing is to cut off the terrapin's
head. As the reptile lies dormant in the water
you may at first stance see no head to cut off,
and you will need to toich its back with a red
hot iron. As the flesh begins to sizzle, the bead
will protrude, and you will then seize it with a
two-tiDed fork behind the jaws and cut it off
jnst behind the fork. You will then set the
terrapin upon end so as to allow the blood
to drain out. It will not bleed much. Nest
drop it into a pot ot boilincwater.leave it there
an hour, and then turn it on its back ana re
move the bottom shell. If this is easy to do,
the terrapin is thoroughly cooked, and vim
have now only to take out tbe gall duct. This
is in the center of tbe liver, anil after it is nut
all the rest of the meat is eatable. After taking
the meat from the larger bones, you pnt it and
the remainder into a cbafinc dish with a half
teacupf ul of warm water. As it simmers J ou
add half a pint of batter and a little pepper and
salt, and the dish is fit for the king. Some
people like to add a little sherry wine, bnt this
should never be put in while the meat is in the
chafing dish.
FAMOUS TERRAPIN FARMS.
Of late years a number of terrapin farms
have been started along the Chesapeake,
and Senator Bayard is said to be the pro
prietor of one ot them. The biggest farm ia
on the Patuxent river, and it consists of a
large salt water lake, which could accom
modate thousands of terrapin if they would
breed as rapidly as was desired. The farmer
has surrounded this lake with board fences
to keep out the muskrats and foxes, which
are the terrapin's enemies. He has made
hatcheries ol boxes partly filled with sand,
and so arranged that when tbe females enter
them they cannot get out until they are
takeu out.
He has nurseries for young terrapin, and
he keeps the little ones in here until they
are 10 months old, in order to preserve them
lrom their fathers. The older terrapin are
as fond of good living as a Justice of the
United States Supreme Court. They are
cannibals, and they sometimes eat their own
children when they are young and juicy.
After the young are 10 months old they are
able to take care ot themselves, and there is
no danger of their being destroyed. With
the increase in the price of terrapin, terrapin
farming ought to become profitable. Years
ago they were a drug on tbe market. Sen
ator John M. Clayton, of Delaware, once
bought a cart load for ?L
OFFICIAL LIFE AS A FAT 7SODUCEB.
The demand for such an expensive article
as terrapin in Washington, calls attention
to the fact that the most of our public men
are epicures. There is hardly a man in the
United States Senate who has not fattened
up since he came to Washington. Senator
Spooner weighed 125 pounds when he was
elected. Small as heis, he now weighs 160,
and he still is not a circumstance to his col
league, Philetus Sawyer, who is as broad as
be is long, and whose ''fat round belly
shakes like a bowl of jelly" whenever he
laughs.
Sawyer began life working at less than $1
a day, and he can now get away with a din
ner at $10 a plate, with as much satisfaction
as Senator Eustis; who was born with a
silver spoon in his mouth, and who has
feasted like Luoullus from boyhood until
now. Senator Allison has gained 50 pounds
since he came here, and Senator Manderson
is fast developing a front equal to that of a.
Supreme Court Justice. Senator Gorman is
growing fat. Prank Hiscock weighs' 225
THE
pounds, aud bis cheeks fairly bulge out with
good living.
ON OATMEAL AND MILK.
Gray, of Delaware, is much plumper than
when he came here, and George Prisby
Hoar, though he claims to live on oatmeal
and milk,. is one of tbe best rounded-out
men in our House of Lords. George Vest
is heavier than he was two years ago.
Leland Stanford spent the summer at
the German Springs, in order to reduce his
avordupois, and Plumb, Vance and Vest
are putting on flesh. Edward WolcoU is
naturally portly. Stockbridge, of Michi
gan, weighs 2S0 pounds and Keagan.of Texas,
pulls the beam at 220. Quay "is no light
weight. Moody is gaining, and Eugene
Hale shows the effects of good living.
The only lean men in the Senate are
those who could not get fat under any con
dition. Ingalls does not vary a pound in
weight from one year's end to the other.
He is all muscle and grit Evarts eats
enough tor five men, but it all goes into
brain, and tbe most lenient Shylock could
not find a pound of flesh on any part of his
body. Senator Chandler is dyspeptic He
worries too much to fatten, and Turpie, of
Indiana, is made on much the same order.
Don Cameron looks better than he did a
year ago
A TEKT HIGH AVERAGE.
The average weight in the United States
Senate is at least 175 pounds, and the easy
life, the universal good fellowship and the
surety of having $100 a week for six years,
as a rule, tends to produce good healtn and
fatness. It is not so much so in the House.
Beverses like that ot the recent election
come so often that the tenure of office is by
no means certain, and it is only old stagers
like Tom Beed who gain in weight.
The Supreme Court is cveu more of a fat
producer than the Senate, and there is not
a Judre on tbe bench, with the exception of
Bradley who is not a heavy weight. John
M. Harlan weighs at least 250 pounds. He
is 6 feet tall, and his complexion is rosy
as thatof a 2-year-old baby. He has an arm
as big as the ordinary man's thigh, aud he
appears to be healthy from in to out. It is
the same with Justice Gray. Brewer is in
creasing in weight, Justice Field shows the
effects of good living, and onrChiei Justice,
Mr. Puller, though"he is short, is fast get
ting one of those fat, round stomachs which
has for years been the emblem of his class.
EVEN PRESIDENTS GET FAT.
The White House, with all its worries,
does not seem to make its occupants thin.
President Arthur gained while he was in it.
Cleveland had to go through private gym
nastics in order to keep down his avoirdupois,
and President Harrison has become one of
the chief pedestrians of Washington for the
same reason. Whether it is cold or warm,
whether it is wet or dry, he takes his consti
tutional at a three-mile-an-hour pace every
day, and he appears to be as healthy as any
man in Washington.
The oldest man in Washington is sup
posed to be George Bancrolt, who is just
as old as tbe century, and who, I am told, is
failing rapidly. He has given up his liter
ary work, and spends much more of his time
withindoors than he has ever done before.
Three years ago he told me that he could
ride on horseback 30 miles at a time without
tirinr. He has been doing no riding at all
this fall, aud he seems to have given up tne
long walks that he took last winter. He is
not, however, the oldest man in Washing
ton. There is a rare old character who
haunts the leading Washington hotels nisrbt
alter night, who says he was born in 1792,
and who is now 98 years of ace.
ONCE A CHEROKEE CHIEF.
This man's name is Arnaud, or Arnot,
and he has had a life as wild and varied as
that of any hero of fiction. He was born in
West Virginia, and he tells me that he ran
away lrom the Block House, where his
parents lived, and joined the Indians at the
age of 13. He was for a time a Cherokee
Chief, and be was a contractor here at the
time that Jackson was President. He has
seen all the Presidents back to Jefferson,
and Washington died when he was 7 vears
old.
Before the building of the Pacific Kail
road he ran a pony express across tbe
plains, and of late years he has been em
ployed in the Government departments.
He is a thrifty man, and appreciates, I am
told, the value of interest, and his chief
business now is lending money to Govern
ment employes at a high rate of monthly in
terest. One' of the most remarkable things
about him is his dress, and this attracts at
tention to him wherever he goes.
A -WONDERFUL DRESSER,
He wears an old-fashioned, shad-bellied
coat, with brass buttons, a ruffled shirt, a
low cut yest and curiously cut pantaloons,
which come down over patent leather pumps
decorated with large silver buckles. H
wears a silk hat, a white collar and a white
stock, aud he has gold watch fob hangin;;
out from under his vest, to which is attached
a gold seal, as big around as a trade dollar.
He is not a pious old man, and he has not a
high opinion of tbe Presidents and the
statesmen of to-day. He says they are
pigmies compared with the great men of his
youth, and he speaks of tbe abilities of
Cleveland and Harrison in terms that are
far from complimentary.
He attributes his ripe old age to a good
constitution and freedom from doctors. He
both smokes and chews, says he has drank
enough whisky to float a ship, and has mar
ried three wives' and buried them all. He
tells me that his health is perfect, and that
he expects to live to be at least 110.
Frank G. Cabpenteb.
FACTS COHCZBNIHG "WOLVES.
Their Points of Identity With and Differ
ence X'rom the Dog.
temple Bar.
The natural enmity which subsists be
tween dogs and wolves is a characteristio
which is recalled by the antipathy shown
bv every good watch-dog toward strangers of
his own race; but that wolves should devour
docs certainly savours somewhat of canni
balism, for these friends and foes of man are
in fact two branches ot the same family, as
is proved to the satisfaction of naturalists
by their identity iu various important char
acteristics, though sundry minor points of
difference are noted, such as that
in drinking a dog laps, wberrai
a wolf sucks, and in biting the
wolf gives a rapid succession of vicious
snaps, instead ot the firm, retaining hold
which cenerally characterizes the bite of a
healthy dog. The character of the bark
also differs greatly, the honest dog-bark
being replaced by a short snapping, while
the wolf voice is chiefly exerted in pro
ducing dismal howls.
As regards external appearance, the com
mon wolf with his shaggy coat bears a much
closer resemblance to a Collie dog than tbe
latter does to most other branches of the
dog tribe, though the cruel, treacherous ex
pression of the obliquely-set eyes betrays
how different is the wolf-spirit from that
which looks out through the kind, true eyes
of the faithful dog. Yet there have been
instances of domestical wolves which have
formed a strong attachment to their human
owners, while on the other band -we have to
confess that the dog-race does include both
savage and cowardly individuals.
Justly Indignant.
Detroit Free Press.
An alderman of Brazil, Ind., went up to
Cbicaeo, and was cone two days. On bis
return no reporter, no band, no crowd met
him iu welcome, and he pulled off his coat
and licked two men, aud smashed up the
fixtures in a saloon. They won't neglect
him again.
She Can't Say.
Detroit Free l'ress.l
Susan B. Anthony, being asked If she
really believed that her work for 30 years
had been ol any benefit to women, replied
that she had no proofs that it. had, and she
was sorry that she hadn't devoted her life to
raising hollyhocks with a green flower.
Kept Hlj 'Wont.
Detroit Free Freis.
"That will cost this road $20,000," said a
tramp who was kicked by a Union Pacifio
freight conductor, and he kept his word by
starting a fire in a big coal pile. The tramp
keeps his word in everything but work.
PITTSBURG - - DISPATCH.
ISAACS TO GOURLEY.
The Lord Mayor of London Inquires
- After Pittsbnrg's-Euler.
A TISIT TO THE EX-CELEBRITY.
Gorgeous Flunkies and Extravagant Ap
pointments of tho Mansion Douse,
DiZZLIKG SCENES AT A CEKEM0NI
London, November 14.
rcOBKZSFOXDXXCX OF THE DISPATCB.l
ABDLY can an
American be ex
pected to imbibe,
except by slow
degrees, the full
exalted magnifi
cence of London's
chief magistrate,
and so, when I
received, a few
day's ago, an in
vitation to call at
the Mansion
House, that is the
official residence
of the Lord Mayor,
I was not only
altogether unpre-
C5 g9 pared for the gor-
A Beautiful Flunky, geous state I was
about to behold, but not by any means
sufficiently grateful for the honor that was
to be done unto me.
The cable service of The Dispatch has
already told of tbe inauguration last Mon
day of the present occupant of the seat of
Dick Whittington, and aho regaled you
with the wise utterances of Queen Vic
toria's prime minister on the defeat of Mc
Kinley and other things, while dining at
the Lord Mayor's table. I will accordingly
content myself bv writing round the por
trait of Lord Mayor Savory some account
of my feelings and impressions while in the
presence of Lord Mayor Isaacs, the retiring
chief magistrate.
A BEAUTIFUL FLUNKT.
I rang the visitors' bell, and had hardlv
time to give a regulation twist to my neck
tie, before the doors flew open, and a portly
Lord Mayor Savo'y.
servant who seemed to be clad entirely in a
scarlet waistcoat, replied to my timid in
quiry that " 'is lordship was h'in." I pre
sented my card, and the next moment I was
mounting a grand staircase behind a pair of
silken calves united with velvet breeches,
continuing to a dark velvet coat and a head
of hair covered with white powder, which
happened to be tho rear view of a mass of
cold lace and cream silk, hiding and adorn
ing the limbs and figure of a flunky more
beautiful than even the prince who married
Cinderella.
Kindness itself was this creature of splen
dor, and, as he ushered me into a great
apartment which seemed like it hall of
golden thrones, he was even good enough to
comment on the weather belore he retired
with my nainj to his exalted master. I
stood nervously twiddling my hat and began
to picture in what state of g'orgeousness his
lordship would dawn upon my view. I had
a vagui feeling that blue and red fire would
precede him, and just as I was wondering
why drums and trumpets did not sound
upon my expectant ears thebeauttful flunky
came back.
INQUIRED AFTER MATOR GOURLET.
Taking a dozen steps into the room with
military precision he gave a half turn, stood
at "attention" and shouted: "The Bight
Honorable Sir 'Enery H'Aaron H'Isaacs,
Lord Mayor," and then I was greeted with
the vision ot a dignified gentleman of pro
nounced Hebraic appearance, clad in an or
dinary every-day frock coat and common or
garden trousers, who extended his hand cor
dially and remarked, "from Pittsburg, I un
derstand. How's Lord Mayor Gourley?"
A few moments' conversation ensued, in
which Sir Henry asked several questions re
garding American industries, and then, evi
dently reading the desire on my face, he told
me that later in the day a presentation of
some gold cups was to be made to him by
one ol the city guilds, and if I liked to be
present his lordship would be glad to see
me at the luncheon following the ceremony.
I expressed my gratified acceptance an d
2fr. Sheriff Augustus Harris.
then bowed myself out, being conducted
down tbe stairs by another flunky equally
as beautiful as the first.
A DAZZLING SCENE.
At 1 o'clock I was again at the mansion,
and this time I was received by the hall
porter with an approving smile, so I slipped
2 shillings in his hand while he was remov
ing my overcoat. I was passed from flunky
to flunky until I found myself in a drawing
room half filled with men gazing respect-
luiiy at a scene progressing at tne lurther
end of the chamber, and there, standing in
a semi-circle, was all the majesty of
England's metropolis. In the center was
the Lord Mayor attired in scarlet robes and
wearing a chain of gold half a foot wide.
By his side stood the Lady Mayoress. Next
to'his lordship a gentleman in scarlet and
gold, wearing a cocked hat with plumes and
leaning on a sword, shaped and in size like
the weapon of a Crusader. Next to her
ladyship a wonderful heine in dark robes
and furs, and wearing on his head a cap
that looked like a large lady's muff standing
endwise. He was'Ieaning on a glittering
mace. These Were the City Marshal or
sword-bearer, and the Remembrancer or
mace-bearer'. Then on either side stood a
Salr ot gentlemen in court dress with steel
ilted swords and black silk stockings
meeting their silken breeches.
THE LESSER LIGHTS.
One of each pair wore in addition a heavy
31
i UMrjU.iV.
SUNDAY NOVEMBER
chain across his shoulders, and these I sub
sequently learned were the sheriffs and un
der sheriffs of London and the county of
Middlesex. Addressing the Lord Mayor
was a benevolent looking old eentleman
with a big silver plate-over -his heart, and
he was the "Worshipful Master" of the
guild making the presentation. Behind
him stood two more gentlemen with smaller
silver plates on their chests, and they were
"Worshipful Wardens" of the guild.
The Lord Mayor was "graciously" pleased
to receive tbe three splendid loving cups of
gold-plate, and expressed his -thanks with
charming oratory, aud then a flourish of
horns sounded from without, and the doors
were thrown open, and an army of flunkies
lined the walls, and one of the flunkiest of
them all, bowed low and exclaimed: "My
Lord, My Lady, Worshipful Master and
Gentlemen, his lordship is served."
SURROUNDED BY EX-KINGS.
We followed, two and two, into an ad
joining chamber and seated ourselves at a
long table massed with gold plate. .Not
more than 40 persons were present, includ
ing the Lord and Lady Mayoress and one
other lady, a sister of Lady Isaacs. The
luncheon included the traditional turtle
soup with green fat, no better and no worse
than is served in all American restaurants,
but an expensive luxury in England.
I soon discovered that I was in the pres
ence of a right noble company of civic dig
nitaries by a remark I made to my neigh
bor, a pleasant old gentleman with a large
The Mansion Bouse.
appetite. "I wonder how it feels to be an
ex-Lord Mayor," I ventured. "Oh, all
right," was the reply. "I'm one, and
there's another, and another one." Dear
me, I was in a complete salad of London
kings and ex-kingl
Tbe luncheon came to an end with toasts
to tbe Queen, the Lord Mayor, and to the
master oi the guild, and then the loving cup
circulated, and with a grasp of the band to
each one as he passed, the Lord Mayor dis
missed us.
FULL OF DIGN1TT.
The whole affair did not lack for one mo
ment in dignity, but on the other hand, the
cordial geniality was so apparent that it was
impossible not to feel entirely at ease. I
was presented to tbe Lady Mayoress, and
learned that as she had a title prior to her
husband mounting the civic throne, it was
correct to call her "Lady Isaacs."
My artist has given a good ideaof thehall
portico in the initial, and also a glimpse of
the Mansion House where the inauguration
banquet took place. There are also por
traits of the new Lord Mayor in his robes,
and ol Mr. Sheriff Augustus Harris, hitherto
known as London's leading theatrical man
ager. Tbe coach seen in Monday's pro
cession' is the State vehicle, and is only used
on great occasions. Under ordinarv cir
cumstances his lordship drives in a hall
gold coach, with three flunkies standing up
behind. The sheriffs also drive in gorgeous
coaches wherever they go during their year
oi office, whether to a private dinner, or a
public ceremony, and their lower rank is
denoted by only two beautiful flunkies
hanging on behind.
USES OF THE' FLUNKIES.
It is customary, whenever the Lord Mayor
or the sheriffs are invited to dinner, for the
flunkies to go with their masters and to
stand behind their chairs at table. Indeed
more ceremonial hedges around a prince of
London City than around any royal prince
in the world, and I believe it would be
difficult to impress upon a cockney that any
bigger personage existed anywhere than his
Lord Mayor.
Royalty itself adds much to the exaltation
of the civic office by the honor paid to the
chief magistrate. He is an extra member
of the Privy Council during his year of
office, and would be called for consultation
in case of sudden revolution or demise oi the
Sovereign. He also enjoys the rank and
precedence of an earl at court; that is, he
outranks barons and viscounts and comes
directly after maiquises. At the end of his
year of office, however, his glory goes from
him, and he even has to be re-presented to
the sovereign, who for a brief space treated
him almost as an equal. A. C. B.
8ECUBIHG HIS ANNUITY.
The Celebrated Peter Pindar Was Too
Sharp for His Publisher That Time.
From tbe Scottish American.
Dr. Walcot, the celebrated "Peter Pin
dar," was an eccentric character, and had a
great many queer notions of his own. A
good story is told by one of his cotempo
raries of th? manner in which he once
tricked his publisher. The latter, wishing
to buy the copyright of his works,
offered him a life annuity of 200. The
doctor, learning that the publisher was very
anxious to purchase, demanded 300. In
reply, the latter appointed a day on which
he would call on the doctor and talk the
matter over.
On the day assigned the doctor received
him in his dressing gown, even to the night
cap, and, having aegravated the sickly look
of a naturally cadaverous face by purposely
abstaining from the use of razor fcr some
days, he had all the appearance of a candi
date for quick consumption. Added to this
the crafty doctor assumed a hollow and most
sepulchral cough, such as would excite the
pity of even a sheriff's officer, and make a
rich man's' heir crazy with joy.
The publisher, however, refused to give
more than 200, till suddenly the doctor
broke out into a violent fit of coughing,
which produced an offer of 250. This
tbe doctor peremptorily refused, and
was seized almost immediately with
another even more frightful and longer pro
tracted attack that nearly suffocated him,
when the publisher, thinking it impossible
that suoh a man could live long, raised his
offer, and closed with him at 300. The old
rogue lived 25 or 30 years afterward.
SHE LEFT IT OUT.
Story Concerning a Browning Birthday Book
TVhich Omitted His Birthday.
An amusing, if trivial, circumstance
marked my next visit to Kobert Browning,
says a writer in Time. Among my friends
I counted a very clever woman, who, with
me, was a Browning lover; and her enthusi
asm had led her to the compilation of a
manuscript birthday book, wherein in
pleasant variation of a too familiar custom
a quotation from his poems was set against
each dav.
This I took to him at her request to get
his autograph. He seemed rather touched
by such apparent devotion for the compila
tion of the book must have been no light
labor aud willingly sat down to write his
name. He turned over tbe paces to find his
own date, but seemingly without success.
At last be turned to me with something
very like a grin of amusement, and said:
"Look here, the girl has actually left out
my birthdayl" So she had. One page fin
ished on the 6th of May, the next began on
the 8tb, while the 7th was omitted alto
gether. The poet crammed his name in at tbe
corner, amiably enough; but he did not for
some time forget the really curious coinci
dence by which the lady bad omitted the
one day in the year which she held in most
affectionate memory.
Say They Are Misrepresented.
Detroit Free Freii.1
American newspaper correspondent! find
great enthusiasm among Canadians for an
nexation, but when the Canadians do the
hunting they can't find 'em. They say that
not one man in ten really favors the idea.
-Jjl K S 'ifeigpllh 111
1 fj J t II W Wife
flsjfjiIPi-iN
23, 1890."'
A LAND OF.WOHDERS.
Remains of Inca Engineering in Irri
gating Western Pern.
EDIKS ON THE MOUNTAIN SIDES.
An Indian Race That Has Withstood Civil
ization's Savages.
TALE 01 GIANTS FROM THE PACIFIC
tCOBBBSrOXDEXCX Or TITS DISPATCH.!
PALFA, Pebu, October 6. Our main
object in tarrying at this out-of-the-way
Acadia was to make it the starting point of
several excursions; for the little oasis, sur
rounded on all sides by desert sands, is in
the midst of a most interesting region.
First we paid a visit to San Xavier, one of
finest estates on the ocean-side of Peru,
which lies about 12 miles from Palpa,
beyond a range of low and sandy hills.
In former times San Xavier belonged to
tbe Jesuits, as did also the plantations of
Yea and Canate, and all their property was
worked by negro slaves. In those days this
one vineyard produced never less than
70,000 arrobas of liquor per annum, which
sold for from $5 to 57 the arroba, the pres
ent price being only $2. It was under the
highest possible state of cultivation and
enormonsly.valuable when seized by the
colonial authorities in 1767, by order of the
Spanish Viceroy Aranda; but since that
death blow its productiveness has steadily
decreased, and a few yers ago it was pur
chased from the Government by Senor Don
Domingo Elias, a gentleman famous in Peru
for owning pretty much all this part of the
country.
SOME BABE OLD 'WOBK.
The San Xavier manor house is large and
well furnished, with apartments as long and
lofty as so many pnblic halls, surrounded
by a stone corridor whose massive columns
support a series of round arches. On one
side are extensive wine presses and store
rooms and on the other a handsome old
church, which was built by the Jesuits
about the middle of the last century. There
is some remarkably fine wood carving on the
pulpit and altars of this now seldom-seen
sanctuary, while a score of old portraits of
fathers of the order in splendid gilt frames
and an air of grandeur to the place.
Thirty miles south of this estate, over
rocky hills and arid sands, lies the valley of
Nasca, which descends from the Sierras by
an easy slope and gradually widens as it
approaches the sea. This place is interesting
only on account of its peculiar mode of irri
gation. Though covered with rich hacien
das, yielding marvelous crops of grapes,
cotton, corn, sugar cane, melons, potatoes
and ali kinds of fruits and vegetables, nature
has provided nothing for its watering in a
recion where rain never falls, except a tiny
river which is dry during about 11 months
of the year. But lor tbe industry and en
gineering skill of the aboriginal Indians,
the lovely valley would have been no better
than the surrounding deserts. Long before
the arrival of tbe destroying Spaniards they
had contended with tbe arid obstacles and
executed a work here which is almost un
equaled in the history of irrigation.
IRRIGATION OF XHE INCA9.
Cutting deep trenches along the whole
length of the valley, they extended them so
high up into the mountains that to this day
tbe inhabitants do not know how far they
were carried. The main trpnehes, known as
puqnios in the language of the Incas, are at
the upper end or the valley, ana each is
about four feet deep, the sides and roof lined
with cemented stones. These descending
branch off into smaller puquios which
ramify all over the valley in every direc
tion, plentifully supplying every farm with
puie, cool mountain water and feeding the
iittle ditches that irrigate and fertilize the
soil. The main trenches are several feet be
low the surface and at intervals of about 200
yards there are ojos or small holes by which
workmen may go down into the vault and
clear away any obstruction.
Diverging in every direction the puqnios
often cross one another, and by the time
they have reached the Sonthern limit of
cultivation every drop ot water has been ex
hausted. In the valley of Kasca no fewer
than 15 extensive vineyards and cotton
plantations are thus watered by artificial
means, and at Aja a small mill for cleansing
the cotton is also turned from the ditches of
the Incas.
GEEAT COTTON ESTATES.
Going a little nearer to the sea, one comes
to the most profitable cotton estates in Peru,
named respectively "Lacra" and "San
Jose." Both contain mills propelled by
water, with machinery for separating the
seed, and presses for packing the cotton.
The product is all sent ts Lomas, a little
port that has been opened expressly for it,
across 30 or more miles of desert. It goes
on mule back, each animal carrying two
bales, weighing 175 pounds apiece. The
cotton is then piled on a large raft, which
is launched in the heavy surf and so brought
alongside the waiting vessel. Not les3
than 40,000 quintals of it are annually
shipped here from San Jose and Lacra
alone.
On the side of one of the mountains that
overhang Nasca are some aboriginal ruins
which are well worth visiting. A lane,
shaded by orange and fig trees, leads up
from the modern town to the ancient city Of
the dead, near the lone-deserted gold mine
of Cerro Blanco. It was bnilt in terraces on
the steep hillside, near the southern edge of
the valley. The walls are all of stones, un
like most of the rnins in this part of Peru,
the houses were large, and many of the spa
cious rooms seem to have been surrounded
by queer little niches, each doorless closet,
just large enough to hold a traditional skel
eton. A FICTUKE OF DESOLATION.
On an isolated hill, perhaps artificial,
precisely in the middle ot the main group of
ruins, was the fortress, whose massive walls,
part of which are still standing, inclose what
was evidently a vast palace or temple.
Such a picture of hopeless desolation it
would be hard to find elsewhere, but the
view from the parapet wall is striking. Not
a sign of animal life is seen, and the silence
of the grave prevails. The valley below
looks like a broad, green river, winding its
way through sandy deserts to tbe sea. Ibere
are no traditions of the place beyond the
historical fact that this valley, in common
with the rest of them, from Pisco down to
tbe dominions of the great Chima, were first
subjugated by the Incas in the time of
Pachacutec, whose son, the renowned Prince
Yupauqui, proved the snperiority of tbe
armies ot the Sun in many a fierce battle
with the Yuma Indians.
Not many miles distant is the much
larger collection of rums which archaeolo
gists have dubbed "The Portress of
Hervey." They are on the summit of a
steep hill, covering a projecting point of
land that overlooks the sea. The extensive
remains are distinctly divided into two
parts, that farthest from tbe ocean inclosed
with an enormous wall, wide enough on top
for two men to walk abreast, with a parapet
outside about five feet high. This parapet
stands at the edge of a cliff, rising perpen
dicularly some 40 feet above the plain, and
is partly faced with huge brieks of adobe.
WHEEE THE INCAS DtVELT.
Entering through a breach in the wall,
the latter 16 feet high measured from the
inside, one finds nine large chambers, all
built of adobe and still partly covered with
plaster. Each chamber is surrounded by a
series of deep niches, or recesses, with
passages leading into numerous smaller
apartments, and very high doorways, whose
lintels are of willow beams. There is one
enormous room, perfectly square, which has
two doorways on'its south side, leading by
narrow halls into a lot of little chambers.
Square apertures, for the beams that once
supported a roof, are distinctly visible high
up in the lolty walls.
On the other side of the dividing ridge
are the remains of a palace, or temple, and
other vast structures, whoso ancient use can
only be conjectured, all of which were prob- I
ably among the first which tbe incas erected
on the Pacific coast. Though built of adobes,
huee bricks lying scattered all around in
wildest confusion, their general resemblance
to the architecture of Cuzco, Limatambo,
and other Incarial strongholds, proves their
identity beyond a doubt.
AN ODD KACE OF INDIANS.
The next village, across a long strip of
desert, is Chilca, a collection of cano huts
surrounding a fine old church, in no way re
markable, except for being inhabited by a
race of Indians, who, in this isolated oasis
of the wilderness, have managed to resist
oppression from every source and to pre
serve intact the spirit of their ancestors. An
example of their character is related by a
recent explorer. His soldier escort was so
unwie :.s to get into a wrangle with the
Syndic of the villace, in course of which the
latter barelooted dignitary received a blow
on the head from the butt end of the soldier's
pistol. Instantly the whole population were
wild with excitement. Assembling in the
plaza they demanded that the fellow should
be remanded at once to Lima tor trial; nor
would they permit him to remain over night
in the town, but sent him off into the desert,
wearv as he was after a hard day's journey.
So jealous are theselndians of their rights
and so suspicious of all outsiders, that until
within a few years there was one particular
room in the Jefe's house which was kept on
purpose for the accommodation of while
travelers. All who came were put into it
and well guarded, were the party large or
small. The Jefe supplied them with food,
but immediately informed them that on no
account, whatever their business, would
they be allowed to remain in the village
more than 24 hours,
A TRADITION OF GIANTS.
The Chilca Indians are an industrious
community, many of them being employed
as farm hands in the neighboring valley of
Mala, others working on their own account
as muleteers and fisherman, while the
women braid colored straw into pretty bas
kets and cigar cases. There is a wide-spread
tradition among all the coast Indians that
ages.before the appearance of Monco Capac,
the country was inhabited by a race of
giants, who came from over the western
ocean in great canoes of blown-up skins.
Landing first near Guayaquil, Ecuador, they
gradually overspread the country; and to
this day the fossil and bones of the mam
moths and mastodons, which are often found
imbedded in the hard clay, are pointed out
as proof of the existence o! those mythical
personages.
Coming down from Panama, the wooded
shores of Ecuador no sooner disappear than
the aspect of the continent is entirely
changed. High, bare rocks, frayed and
crumbling, line the beach and beyond
stretches a wilderness of sand, beside which
Sahara would be a blooming garden. It is
the very dominion of desolation, strewn
with bleaching skeletons left by the old
time whalers and the bones of mules and
horses which starved to death by tbe way
side, its eternal silence broken only by the
short, quick bark of sea lions and the
screams of water fowl. For the most part
the sand is hard, swept smooth by the winds;
but in many places it has drifted up into
mounds, called Medanos. Each heap is
crescent shaped, with the bow of the cres
cent toward the wind, as regular and sharp
in outline as the new moon.
Fannie B. Wabd.
THE BABON TOOK THEM.
How Albert Rothschild Made Photographs
of a Fat Berliner and Wife.
New York Sun.
The fact that Baron Albert Rothschild
wields the camera has just become known to
the continental public throush an amusing
incident of his late summer travels in North
Italy. He was out early one August morn
ing in his knickerbockers and pith helmet
and with the familiar little black case
swung from his shoulder. Just as be was
preparing to take a picture of a winding
mountain path before him, a fat Berliner
and his wife dropped from a sideway into
the perspective.
"Ab, Mr. Photographer," shouted the
Berliner in Prussian dialect, "you are just
the man we are looking for. We wish our
portraits with this colossal background. Do
us a cood job and there will be something
extra in it for you."
The Bnron, in embarrassment, explained
that he was a landscape photographer and
knew little about doing portraits. The Ber
liner protested against this bit of modesty,
pressed a half crown into the Baron's hand
to reassure him, and then, bowing his head
and possessing himself of his wife's arm, in
German photographic fashion, he presented
his exoansive front for the taking of the
picture. The Baron pressed tbe button sev
eral times, took the Berliner's home address
and with repeated promises to do a good
job" in return for liberal pay, C. O. D.,
went on his way.
The Berliner and his wife went back to
Berlin without having heard from him.
They were just about giving up all idea of
ever learning what had become of their
photographer and their half crown wh'en a
dozen cabinet photographs came in a pack
age postmarked Vienna. On the bit of
otherwise blank pasteboard just below each
picture was the heavy signature in proper
photographic style: "Rothschild." In an
accompanying note, "Baron Albert Roth
schild hoped that nis:worK would be satis
factory, and regretted that a pressure of
ousiness nau prevented aim iruiu delivering
the pictures sooner."
A MOURNING PIN.
Cnrlons Old Time Itello Belonging to a
Descendant of Washington.
New Tork Herald.
A descendant of Washington, who bears
his illustrious name, now living in New
York, has a most curious pin among the old
time relics in her treasure box. It is a
"mourning pin." It was a custom in
Washington's time to leave a certain sum of
money to be expended lor "mourning pins"
for the feminine members of tbe deceased
man's family. The sum was designated in
the will.
The brooches were of good size, swung on
pivots in the surrounding frame' of gold, so
that the upper and lower side could be worn
in sight, according to the mood and wish of
the wearer. The upper side contained a
miniature of the deceased. Sometimes it
was painted with great care and delicacy,
but was usually simply an ambrotype. Tbe
one referred to "has the portrait of one of
Washington's cousins, a fine looking man,
with a handsome head set off by a wig. The
reverse side of the brooch is truly suggestive
of death and grief. It has the picture of
two graves, beside one of which sits
the widow, weeping copiously, one
judges, from the grief stricken attitude she
is placed in, under a weeping willow tree
made of the dead man's hair. The cheer
less, doleful and hopeless look of the picture
is somewhat relieved by the sketch of an
angel in the clouds above the graves. Tbe
angel is cheerfully blowing a trumpet, and
above him is inscribed the oonsolingsenti
ment, "Sorrow not without hope."
These mourning brooches were the only
iewelrv worn dnrinc the conventional period
of monmini. and were highly treasured by
the bereaved Darties. As advertisements of
grief are growing less and less the fashion,
in all probability the mourning pins will
not come into vogue with the old-fashioned
jeweleryof that time which is coming in
style again.
Get Elected First.
Detroit Free Press.
The idea with a Kansas man is to get the
office first and learn tbe duties afterward.
At the late election a farmer, who had never
opened a law book or employed a lawyer,
was elected a circuit judge, and he will now
go to a law factory to learn what prima facie
and other things mean.
Hlj Reasons for Boldde.
FBllidelpMa Times.
"What reasons do yon suppose ha hid for
blowing out his brains 1" '
"I can't imagine, unless it wai to dis
prove the claim his friends always made that
he didn't have any.".
WORK OF THE BREAD.
The Cbrious Doctrine Laid Down bj
Tolstoi and Bondareff.
TOIL THE EEDEEME"! OF THE EACE
ill the World Sboald be a Farm and ill
the People Farmers.
WOMEN iKB SPIRlTUiLLI SUPZKIOB
IWRlTTJtX FOR ini DISPATCH. 3
"In the sweat of ihy face thou sbalt knead
tby bread." Genesis, lit, la.
Such is the translation given the Hebrew
text, placed on the title pigs of the remark
able work, "Toil," joint product of Count
Leo Tolstoi and Timothy Bondareff. Toil,
tbey declare, is not only tbe direct conse
quent of sin, but the means of redemption
therefrom. The. earth was cursed indeed
bnt enrsed for Adam's sake, and not, as is
generally supposed, in Adam's despite.
Adam had fallen into sin, and for this an
all-wise and beneficent Providence imposed
the law of enforced labor as a means of re
demption therefrom.
And oy toil, both Tolstoi and his inspirer,
Bondareff, mean especially, tbe "work of
the bread;" that is to say, tbe literal sowing,
reaping, threshing and garnering of wheat,
together with the final grinding and making
of it into bread. Ho other work will do;
this alone has in it virtue to save and
cleanse. So Adam redeemed himself, his
"work of the hi ead" being counted to him
as righteousness. "So now, it is by such
toil alone, and not by any other means of
salvation no, not even by the merits of
Jesus Christ that man may be saved."
LAtV OP XOTE AND TOIL.
The law of bread labor is the primitive
law of salvation, the first commandment
given by God, the keeping of which is the
sum of redemption. Jesus Christ, writes
Bondareff, says little of toil, because from
his very childhood he had seen no virtue in
it and had been brought up to think it the
greatest misfortune. Por instance, does He.
not say, "Look at the lilies -of the field;
they toil not, neither do they spin and tho
birds of the air, they lay not up in gar
ners?" etc., all of which, in the opinion. of
our author, shows that He rejected the law
of toil, substituting therefor the law of love
alone, a law which has value only when
subordinated to that or toil. Uod, he con
stantly reiterates, laid the command to
labor on man from the beginning and pro
vided no other means, then or since, by
which be might be saved.
Tbe second primitive commandment is in
cluded in the first, namely, that every man
ouzht to clothe, provide for andshelter him
self and family without need of others. To
do this, says Tolstoi, is the sum of his cor
poreal duties, and to feed aud clothe the
helpless that of his spiritual. If he does
these two things he has thereby fulfilled the
whole duty oi man. Tbe forbidden fruit
and the eating thereof in the Garden of
Eden means, according to Bondareff, the
employing and living on the labor and
bread of others. Thii was and is the crime
of crimes. For this Eden was lost and lor
this heaven forfeited.
THE ATONEMENT OF WOMEN.
"And to Eve, God said, you will not
work to earn your food, but your children
will come to vou with pain." This, declare
our authors, is woman's personal atonement
for her share of the sin that entered and
still is within the world. Literally and
trnly has it come to pass. But man? From
the beginning almost has he shirked or
hidden the law regarding himself, or made
it of little account as a figurative expression
only of the necessity of toil in general. But,
argues Bondareff, what right has he to do
this last? The law given to woman was
literal in that it was and still is literally
fulfilled to its utmost. Why then sbonld
not that concerning man ha also literally
construed? Why not say at once that
which is the explanatory truth of the mat
ter, viz.: That man hates to toil with his
hands, and especially to do the work of the
bread, and he therefore evades it whenever
he can. Such being the case, man is still
under the curse the law broken and uniul
filled and is, as a consequent, still unre
deemed. In a word, until he individually
returns and repents kneading his own bread
in the sweat of his face, he is, all else to tbe
contrary notwithstanding, on the highway
to hell.
And because women have, as a rule, al
ways worked out their part of tbe law by
suffering iu childbirth, they are now spirit
ually stronger than man, aud are to become
the means by which man is eventually re
deemed. THE EAETII ONE VAST FIELD.
As auxiliary to the universal return to
manual labor, he recommends the desertion
of cities, the discarding of all but the most
necessary mechanical aids and the reversion
ot the earth into a vast agricultural region,
principally devoted to the "work of the
bread." All crimes, all social evils, and
among them, that greatest the compelling
of woman to toil for her food spring from
the universal breaking of the primitive
command, "In the sweat of tby face thou
shalt knead thy bread." Men, according to
Tolstoi and Bondareff, use violence and de
ceit, because, not doing bread work them
selves, they lack bread, and see no other
way to get it. "Supposing, however.all did
the bread work, there would then be plenty
all round, and no more temptation to enma
as a means ot livelihood."
Bread, itself, they claim, should neither
be bonght nor sold. Money and bread are
not interchangeable, because money is a
dead thing, and bread is a living thing a
sacred thing, being the means of salvation.
It should therefore be given only in ex
chance for tho work of the bread itself, or else
given freely and for nothing. As a class, tillers
of the soil should rank superior to all, because
the upholder of all. Ther. too, are almost tbe
only ones who approximate the keeping ot tbe
primitive lay of bread work. The general per
version of things is nowhere shows so clearly
as in the low esteem almost universally held
for the peasant farmer and bis toil.
THE DOCTRINE UNFOLDED.
Tolling in the fields together, say our authors,
wonld speedily unite all the world in the ties of
a common brotherhood and religion. Properly
divided, there would be laud enough for all.
and with plenty for all, discord and violence
would he done away witb. They do not
bold that it is necessary to confine
oneself exclusively to the work of tbe bread
for the entire year. "Do what manual and
self-supporting labor you will fur 3C0 days of
tne time." they say, "bnt devote the remainder
to the work of the bread, and to kneading yonr
own bread to tbe sweat of your face. Then,
and then only, shall all be well with you, and
yonr teet turned in tbe direction of life
eternal."
Such, In brief. Is the gist of this, to say tbe
least, most extraordinary hook, tbe joint essay
of Tolstoi and Timothy Bondareff. Who is
Bondareff? A Russian peasant, belonging to
the district Manoussinsk. an illiterate man of
tbe sect of Sabnatists, a dilizent undent of the
Old Testament to the disfavoring of the New.
Hardly able to spell, he made his way pain
fully, verse Dy verse, until be formulated what
he believed to be the true solution of all social
questions, based oi the oft-quoted verse in
Uenesis. With creat labor be nut bis ideas in
tbe form of a book, the printing of which was,
however, denied by the Czar and censor. It
was anout inu time tne year 1883 that he nrsi
met Tolstoi, of whom he speedily made a con
vert to his views.
Here, therefore, we have the curious ce
labnrauon ot an uneducated peasant and a
cultured man of letters; nt a man not long since
a serf, and of one of tbe hs. ist nobles of tbe
same land. But the explanation is not far to
seek. Tols'oi is a would-be social reformer.
In BondareiFs doctrines, extreme, untenable
and illogical as they may seem to others. Tol
stoi honestly believes that be has at last solved
the social problem. That his views in the pres
ent Instant flatly contradict others adranced
elsewhere on certain important points, proves
only that, like many another "progressive
thinker" and enthusiast, he is apt to fall inte
more or less glaring inconsistencies. The work
at hand goes far to prove him even more tbe
Impractical visionary than Is generally be
lieved. "Toil" is not unlike a brickbat it may
break ahead here and there, but it certainly
will not convince them. Tolstoi demonstrating
the cobbler and bread kneader to the contrary
notwithstanding. MASK P. QbisWOLS.
II