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&Jlie Question of Whether a Politician
Can be a Christian Answered by
Xoted Men and Women.
,'ALL AGREE HE OUGHT TO BE,
" And Many Think That He Can be, but it
Jk Isn't Terj Lilelj He Will Alwajs
Encceed if Be is.
EW POINTS ON AX OLD SUBJECT.
OsUtas Tisi it DejsaJs ca the lust, tii Kin sad
Xro (a til igt of His Psrty.
rrCZFABED FOB THE DISFi.TCH.3
The frequent charges of corruption in
politics, born of each election, bas so served
to remove politics from religion, that, manr
haTe come to doubt whether a political
career can be united to a Christian life;
hence, the question ess arisen, "Can a poli
tician be a Christian?" Notlong njo this
question was submitted to a number of men
prominent in American politics and in the
church. To the inquiries thus sent, the fol
lowing replies were received. Whether the
auestion is answered in the subjoined con
tributions is left for the reader to decide.
Depends on tiie Definition.
Ex-Attorney General A. fa. Garland
writes as follows:
All the creat preachers and divines discass
politics and political obligations in their ser
mons and writings. We have had in our legis
lative ball, and now have, preachers of the
0pel, skilled, apt, and dexterous politicians,
and II tbey re not always "Christian states
men," they may be called Christian politicians.
It waold be a withering, an appalling reflection,
that, in a business In which so many are en-1
gaged, they have not the comfort and support
of Christian teaching here, as well as Its hopes
' In a future state, a belief in which, "If eradi
cated," in the language of the philosophic
JiacUe, "would drive most of us to despair."
Jt may be a heavr demand, and, in fact,a severe
ttrain on the nerves and faculties, for a politi
cian at times to be a Christian. Yet the diffl
cnlry is one thing and the actual being is an
other; the difficulty is not insurmountable.
Slany -people affect to believe there are no
bonestmen in that time-honored profession,
the law, and actually say but few of them get
to heaven, and those few slip in sldewajs, as tt
were. Ridiculous!
By this same mode of talking, not reasoning,
the word demagogue has been brought down
from its once high and most lofty place and set
in the company of base, tricky, artful, and all
that. Often words run away thus, and doubt
less much of this now ails the word politician.
Bat it is too broad and too important a word,
and concerns too much that is vital for it to
drift away and become a synonym formeanness
in political management or party chicanery.
In this liebt, 1 could not discuss the question,
nor could you ask it. It cannot be admitted
that the direction and cndtrol of these affairs,
In which every person m this country is so deep
ly interested, and in which almost every one to
Dome extent takes a part, are in the hands of
outlaws, robbers and corsairs. Considering the
words politician and Christian as defined bv
Weoster. and as Tie practically know them, I
do not think tbey are irreconcilable or even in
consistent, and the proposition submitted is
answered in the affirmative.
Many Are Church Members.
Keal Dow deals with the ordinary ac
ceptance of the meaning of the word poli
tician as follows:
A politician, Webster says. (1) is a man
versed in the science of Government, a person
skilled In or devoted to politics: (2) a man of
artifice or deep contrivance; (3) politic, cun
ning, artful. In common parlance, when the
'word politician is used it is never understood to
apply to No. 1. We call such a man a states
man;and be may be, and such often are. honest
tnen and Christians, as the world measures such
people. But such men In onr time, I fear, are
very few, while politicians Nor. 2 and S swarm
everywhere; men incapable of living by bonest
Industry, and so are driven to live by their wits,
and politics seems to afford the largest field for
such people. Henrr Ward Beecher classed this
sort of politicians with the devil: "The devil
and politicians," was his phrase, putting as was
St, the teacher and master first.
I have known some politicians of the first
class whom I have honored as upright and
noble men, who could never, for any tempta
tion of party interest or any other, swerve one
hair's breadth from the line of rectitude and
boner. I have known a swarm of politicians of
the class two and three, who would not steal,
or lie. or cheat in private life, but in any mat
ter touching party advantage or party policy
were thoroughly unscrupulous. Some of these
men pass in society as honest, many of them
are church members in cood standing; but in
party matters they will without scruple He,
cheat, perjure themselves, bribe voters, mis
rount vote", stuff ballot boxes, falsify voting
lists, or do any other thing which they think
advantageous to "the party." This is so com
mon evervwbere that the standing of such men
In society or the church is not in the least
affected bv being false to duty in any way and
every way or to any extent, even to that of
violating openly and notoriously their official
oaths. What will be done about itT What can
be done about itT Nothing! so long as such
tnen find refuge in our churches, and fit com
pamonshlp there.
The Ideal Politician.
Eoger A. Pryor writes as follows:
Not only may a politician be a Christian,but I
believe be should be. Indeed, one cannot be
and ideal politician without being a Christian
namely, in the sense that he applies the
morality of the gospel in the conduct of gov
ernment, and the relations of citizen to the
government. For example, the fundamental
precept of ther gospel, "love tby neighbor as
tb) self," is asappUcable and as operative in
the relations of the eovernment as of individ
uals, and should interdict all war. So the
other precept, "Do unto others as
you would that they should do unto
jou," should control the relations of
KOYernmenis. So the maxim, "Bender
unto Cse-ar the things that are Cajsar's,"
obliges the citizen to the faithful discharge ot
bis duty to the Government. These are mere
Illustrations of how the obligations and pre
cepts of Christ in public affairs would purify
and exalt politics; so that a true politician Is
indeed a true Christian in the scifte ire are
now using the word. Hence, in my judgment,
it is a prime function and duty of clergymen to
inculcate morality m all political relations, as
well as in individual conduct. If by politician
is meant, in the current sense of the term
namely one ho resorts to every sort ot dis
honest and nefarious art to climb into power, I
answer that such a man cannot be a Christian,
Using Machinery for Good.
O. B. Protlungham says:
Certainly, Tihy cannot a politician be a Chris
tianT unless a politician is regardid as a mere
conning leader or party manager, a man with
out patriotism, or public spinr. or moral senti
ment, or social principle. Such a person can
Iiave none but an outside connection with some
popular church for the sake of respectability
a sort of Pharisee, who goes through the form of
worship in order that hemavhn upon or mun
whom he wishes to deceive. But If by a politi
cian we mean, as the term is coming more and
more to mean, one who is practically interested
In good government, and endeavors to promote
it by using political machinery, no work seemB
to me to be more peculiarly that of an earnest
Christian man. It requires the noblest Chris
tian virtues, courage, hopefulness, persever
ance, self-devotion, sympathy nnpartisanshin.
Bom of the best Christians I" have known en
caged in politics, and some who will not call
themselves Christians are in a fair way of be
coming such through their manly devotion to
the political issues of the day. All are aretd
as to what constitutes a real Christian." The
term is about identical with the highest
standard of manhood Of course, there is no
question here about doctrinal or ecclesiastical
Christianity, huch differences are impertinent
to this discussion, and if the higher manhood
alone is considered, an engagement In political
activity would seem to be imperative, for poli
tics li simply humanity applied to the State.
Christians Must be Politicians.
Oscar S. Btrausi, the ex-Minister to Tur
key, writes:
A politician can be a Christian Hebrew, Mo.
2ia.mxnedan.uid an honest man. There are times
in the history of all nations when a Christian
not only can be a politician, but when every
true Christian, Hebrew, agnostic, or whatever
be his creed, must be a politician and a patriot.
We witnessed such times in 1S81 to 1885 lean
conceive or evert good Christian being in favor
of civil service reform; it is more difficult to
conceive them as opposed thereto and in favor
of the spoils system. Religion, in its higher
f ... liit tn do with the relations of man with
tense, has to do with the -relations of-1 man to
the State. In the time ot Christ it was com
manded not to confound these relations, but to
render unto each what is due. The same com
mand has, by the wisdom of statesmen and
through the enlightenment of the people, been
made practical in all constitutional, govern
ments by the separation of church and state.
Shortly after the adoption of our Constitution,
the Presbyterians of New Hampshire com
plained. In a letter to Washington, that relig
ion, evidently meaning Christianity, had been
omitted from the document; his answer was:
"Because it belongs to the churches, and not to
the btate."
Christianity and Politics Consistent.
Chauncey M. Depew says:
Can a politician be a Christian? I believe
that he can. The question Is equivalent to
sajing that the administration of government
is hostile to the teachings and precepts of
Christianity. Then the only people who could
hold office would be atheists ana Pagans. If
you admit that the politician cannot be a
Christian, you at once destroy the whole
foundation of onr Government; you would lose
it the support of the churches and of the
Christian people of the countrw, and, as they
conatituto the vast majority of the people, tbey
would adopt some government where Chris
tians could consistently manage aSairs. I do
not see what there is in a politician advocating
the claims ot the party In which be believes,
and working for its success in promulgating
the doctrines which he thinks essential to good
government. In seeking office and in exercising
pablic functions, which are not in the direct
line of Christian injunction and duty. It that
is not so, then you must pass all public affairs,
which means the enactment of laws and their
administration, and that means public order,
safety, morality, protection for life and prop
erty, and wise measures which are for the bene
fit of the business of the countrv, into the
hands solely of the saloons and the Chinese.
Practical and Impractical Politics.
Bishop F. D. Huxtington writes:
We hear of practical politics. When will we
learn that man's practice comes always and
forever out ot the faith that is in him, ttait
what is strong and fruitful and prosperous in
his doing, be it handicraft or statecraft, must
first be strong, and clear, and righteous in his
will; that nothing "works well" which is not
in agreement with the Master Workman of all
man's work 7 A civilization made by material
and even intellectual politics, without the bal
ance ot moral and spiritual support, when the
winds blow and the floods rise, as they blew
and rose around the Bastile when the National
Guard joined bands with the mob, brain con
spiring with passion, the walls will go to pieces
and revolution begin. The most impractical
politics that ever deluded a nation or beguiled
its rulers was a political dexterity without
principle, without conscience, without fear of
the Evp.rlastinrr Justice, without obedience to
the law of Christ. Who shall lead us Into the'
strong city f Only He who "makes officers
peace and exactors rigbteousness,"wbo"teaches
benators wisdom" and Christian prophets fear
lessness. A Noted Woman's Opinion. ,
Isabella Beecher Hooker writes:
If a "politician" means what is sometimes call
ed the "ward politician," the man who trades in
politics,and whoe touch helps to corrupt them,
the answer is easy that such a man cannot be
a Christian. His conduct is unworthy of a citi
zen of a free government, and the fewer we
have of them the better tor our country in
every respect. But if by a politician is meant'
the man who feels a deep interest in politics,
and carries into them a considerable share of
bis time and energies, then I say, not only that
such a man may be a Christian, but that every
Christian man ought to be, so far as be is able,
just what this politician is. There can be no
no earthly subject more important than our
politics, none to which every Christian citizen
owes higher duties.
A Terrible Contrast.
Georgo H. Hepworth takes this view:
I should be very sorry to hurt the feelings of
the politicians by replying in the negative, and
I am unwilling to compromise Christianity by
replying in the affirmative. Perhaps I had
bettor say. yes, the politician can be a Chris
tian; but'if he undertakes both jobs he has
terrible contract on hand. My- impression is
that if he is very much of a politician with his
right band, and wants to be a good deal of
a Christian with his left hand, he bad
better be mighty careful not to let that left
hand know what the right band finds it neces
sary to do. To acquire office, a man, in ninety
nine and three-quarters cases out of a hundred,
must donate money, which he knows will be
used for the purchase of votes. Politics are
made that way, and if be has conscientious
scruples, his opponent, who probably got rid of
his conscience long ago, will run ahead of him
with a bltr maiontv. I have not seen enoueh
Christianity in the politics of the day to run an
infant class in Sunday school. But then I am
near-sighted.
Depends on the Party! Age.
Frances E. Willard says:
In the early history of a party, I believe a
politician can be a Christian, tor he has contra
diction, curses, and contumely enough to
throw him back upon a higher power. In the
zenith ot a party's fame, perhaps; for the
momentum of tendencies just referred to holds
over for awhile; in the decadence of a party
and humanly speaking. I should say, he cannot;
for wealth, power and preferment become a
ball and chatn to every high and sacred aspira
tion, and when professional partisans see their
day of doom approaching, a desperation seizes
upon them, and God is the last being in their
thoughts. But with Him all things are possible
even that a down grade politician may be ar
rested in his mad career and made a Christian
of.
Blind, Tet He Sees.
William Henry Milbnrn, the blind chap
lain, writes:
It were indeed, a sad case, if the men most
ueeply concerned in the affairs which affect the
weal of cities. States, and the nation were shut
out from the mercy and grace of "our blessed
Lord, and from membership in his body and
church. Every public man has great and sore
temptations, but so have all other men. what
ever their sphere of life. Our Lord's help is
promised to all who seek it, and I nowhere read
that Christ puts a politician nnder the ban; al
though from your propounding the query, it
would seem'some ignorant and narrow people
do. I have known in the past, and still know,
as devout and noble Christian men engaged in
publio business as in any other walk of life.
Politics a High Calling.
Ex-Governor John Lee Carroll, of Mary
land, says:
To my mind, a politician means a man who
bnsies himself about the pnblio affairs of the
community in which he lives, and if he per
forms bis duty properly, I would consider him
a far higher type of Christian than one who
makes a profession of religion, and yet who
grumbles at tbe conduct of pnblio affairs with
out doing anything to improve them. There
can be no higher manhood than that of him
who devotes his life to the efficient conduct of
public affairs. The term is brought Into dis
credit by those who abuse the power entrusted
to them.
Boom for More Christians.
Cardinal Gibbons says:
As human affairs are constituted, there must
needs be parties and politics. There being
politics, there must needs be politicians. That
in tbe true and larger and nobler sense of tbe
words politics and politician,' there is no hostil
ity to the spirit of Christianity, but rather
entire harmony with it; and that while there
have been many noble Christians who were
also great politicians, it is to be deplored that
at present there seems to be so many politicians
woo are not Lunstians.
A Matter of Conscience.
Governor B. ,F, Briggs, of Delaware,
writes :
I cannot see why a politician should not em
brace the Christian religion. Politics ought
always to be a matter of conscience. True, a
politician has much to contend with, but with
a firm adherence to bis religious principles, he
will triumph over every obstacle, and his activ
itv in politics will serve to show to the world bv
a consistent course that the most zealous poll,
tician can be a living representation of a
Christian gentleman.
Depends Upon Definitions.
Major General Oliver Otis Howard, TJ.
B. A., says:
Tbe question depends on two things: first,
the definition of Christian, and, second, tbe
definition of a politician. Supposing you mean
by a Christian a consistent believer in and fol
lower of onr Lord, and by a politician one who
devotes his life conscientiously to the solution
of political problems, the answer is plainly,
Yes.
What Should Be.
Dr. James McCosh writes:
Every politician should be a Christian, and
he will thereby be a better politician, as actu
ated by moral principle, and every Christian
should be a politician, watching over the moral
welfare of the country, and saving us from
abounding evils.
The Good Politician.
Theodore Boosevelt says:
Of course a politician .'can be a Christian: he
will never do really creditable work in politics
unless be applies the rules of morality and
Christianity as rigidly in publio as in private
lit.
A Facetious Beply.
Senator John J. Ingalls writes:
Can a politician be a Christian t
THE SEW CAR BRAKE.-
Pressure on the Hear of a Train Al
most as Soon as in Front.
PROBLEM OP ARTIFICIAL RAItf.
A Smoking Pipe That Gets Bid of All
Deleterious Products.
SIMPLE METHOD OF ETCHING GLASS
IrBXFABXD FOB TUB DISPATCH.
The new quick-acting brake, which is at
tracting the attention of the chief railway
managers of the world, possesses, eminently,
the advantages of increased quickness of ac
tion, esse of gradation and smoothness of
operation, and it can, moreover, be applied
to trains of any length that are likely to be
worked. The ordinary Westingbouse brake
is pnt in motion by reducing the pressure in
the train pipe by allowing a part of trie air
to escape at the driver's valve. This reduc
tion of pressure, ir effected rapidly, is propa
gated gradually along the pipe, and takes
an appreciable time to reach the rear ex
tremity. It follows that if a train be very
long the brakes on the front part are applied
before those at the rear, with the result that
excessive and oiten dangerous jerkings of
the vehicles 1b occasioned, the buffer springs
being strongly compressed and then violent
ly extended. "With a long train this form
of brake cannot bo used unless the air is
evacuated so slowly that the pressure in the
air-pipe has ample time to equalize itself, so
that the brakes go on simultaneously.
In the new arrangement the bulk of the'
air in the pipe is no longer discharged at
tbe driver's valve. The action is com
mended there, but the first brake mechanism
which comes into operation places the train
pipe in communication with its own brake
cylinder, affording an outlet for a portion
of the air. The second, third, fourth and
successive brake mechanisms evacuate more
air in turn, the result being that the reduc
tion in pressure is greatly expedited, and
the wave runs the length of CO carriages in
two and one-half seconds. This time is too
short to give rise to dangerous oscilation,
and an emergency stop in a train of this
length can be made with safety and com
fort. Timber Supply and Railroad.
The question of the consumption of timber
by the railroads has been for some time
under investigation by the Forestry Divis
ion of the Department of Agriculture. Cir
culars have been sent out to all the impor
tant railways for information on points con
nected with the subject, and from the re
plies to these it is found that the round
total of timber ties in use in the United
States li nearly 616,000,000, and 80,000,000
are annually required for renewals. In
cluding bridge and trestle work the annual
consumption of timber on railways is
computed at 00,000,000 cubic feet,
requiring the cutting of the best timber
from over 1,000,000 acres of forest land per
annum. To meet the demand, under our
present wasteful management of timber land,
the area to be preserved for this purpose
would probably exceed 50,000,000, or more
than 10 per cent of our present forest area.
As railway managers prefer "hewn" ties
and "one to be cnt from small trees." the
timber consumed by railroads, or 20 per
cent of the total consumption, is taken from
the young growth. Then, 60 per cent of
all ties are oak, the most valuable of
all our timber. Beliable investigation
shows that in the Kentucky forests,
when 40 per cent of the natural growth is '
white oak, the new growth of oak is only 6
per cent after the land has once- been cut
over for ties. The consumption of pine
from the forests of Wisconsin and Michigan
is also enormous. While Canada is being
booked for future supplies, it is shown that
that country, too, is becoming alarmed at
the rate at which her forests are disappear
ing. Furthermore, it is estimated that in
California alone in 1889 (25,000.000 worth
of timber was destroyed by fire,-the greed of
speculators and the efforts of the herdsmen
to secure pasturage for flocks.
laying Underground Wires.
A useful method of laying underground
wires has recently been adopted. The wires
are run into tubes of paper, treated with
special asphaltio compound to insulate
them. The tubes are then placed in a
trench and filled with tho insulating com
pound. During a late discussion on the
question of overhead and nnderground
wires, E. H. Johnson drew attention to the
fact that the gradual development of the
overhead electric system has become such
that in many of the larger cities the neces
sity ot placing the conductor underground is
imperative. In a city where-60 to 100
cars are operated at least 05 per cent
of the wire on the poles overhead can be
placed underground to advantage. There
is really no necessity for their being over
bead. The only thing that need.be there- is
the trolley wire, and the feeder 'wires, spe
cial mains, etc., may be placed under
ground. The question to be considered is:
"Can the wires be placed underground with
less investment, and can the insulation of
the wires be maintained nnderground with
less charge for repairs?" Mr. Johnson
urged that this could be done, and advo
cated tbe adoption.of an efficient system of
carrying it out.
Slaking AlnmltTTTw,
There is probably no other metal the use
fulness of which is so extensive as alumi
num, and yet its practical utility has been
successfully demonstrated only very re
cently. As a matter of fact, the metal was
known long ago, but, although its advant
ages have been realized, the great cost of its
Droduction has always prevented its comT
ine into general use. Electricity has, how
ever, come to the rescue in this, as in so
many other departments of industry, and
by its agency aluminum is now produced
at such a low cost that it bids fair to super
cede iron and steel in many instances.
Aluminum exists in nature in the form of
an oxide so refractory in its character as to
make reduction in any ordinary furnace
impossible, and the only means which have
been found available for iU reduction on a
commercial scale is electrolysis. The pas
sage of the electric enrrent has the effect of
separating the pure metal from its sur
rounding impurities, and the economy of
the process, compared with the methods
heretofore employed, is remarkable.
The Therapeutic Smoking Pipe.
An improve form of smoking pipe has
been introduced, In England, to the notice
of the medical profession, primarily to pro
vide a means of combating the smoker's
habit, and to" do away with the injurious
elements in it, to which its baneful effects
are dne, by abstracting the noxious con
stituents of tobacco smoke, while leaving the
aromatic principles unaffected. It is hoped
by this means to make it avaiiable for daily
use by delicate or invalid smokers, to whom
total prohibition would often be little short
of punishment. Secondly, It is suggested
that the pipe may be made useful as a means
of utilizing the habit of smoking as an ad
junct to treatment by inhalation of volatile
medicaments, so that the vapor of the remedy
employed may be' directed to the affected
surfaces. Another possible use of the pipe
is that of an insufflator, for which its con
struction specially fits it
Bourne of the Emigrant.
The degree to which America offers prom
inent advantages to the emigrant is just
now shown strikingly by the existing con
ditions in Iceland. Jt is said that that
country is gradually becoming depopulated,
owing to the constant emigration of its
people to the shores of Canada and the
United btates. These emigrants send back
such favorable accounts of their new home
that others quickly' follow. II is estimated
Ire i-i'v" ""V", n--rir opp-qnirtor or
THE PITTSBURG- TUSPATOH,
the whole population, have left the countrv
in the Inst year. Tho emigrants are said to
be chicflv from the Northern and Eastern
districts, 'where labor is carried on only
under great difficulties, besides which recent
harvests have been very bad and have en
tailed much suffering.
Artificial BalnfaU.
Important Investigations are no being
made by the Department of Agriculture on
the subject of the artificial production of
rainfall. With regard to this subject,
Colonel Casper, of tbe Signal Service, says:
"No doubt there is plenty of moisture in the
atmosphere at all times, if it could only be
gathered in the right place and be made to
fall upon the earth. Man has accomplished
as difficult things as that in the realms of
science. It is not contemplated to produce
growth of forest in the arid regions. The
success of that method is still disputed. It
is proposed to find ont whether rainfall can
note produced by electricity, dynamite ex-
?losions, or other mechanical agencies,
aking the cue from the fact that, heavy
cannonading on a battlefield, or on a Fourth
of July celebration, is followed by copious
rains, the experimenters will work accord
ingly. The process of burning powder to
produce rain has hitherto been too expen
sive to warrant its general use, but possibly
cheaper explosives will be found. It has
been proposed, among other things, to at
tach 25 pounds of dynamite to a toy balloon
and then send a flock of such balloons into
the air with lighted fuses attached. In some
way or other there is no doubt tbe arid por
tions of tbe country will soon be brought
under splendid cultivation. They com
prise some of the most fertile spots on the
earth."
Annihilation of Smoke. -An
English electrical paper.'in view of
the large number of central stations which
are now being erected, wishes to impress
upon station designers the necessity of
organizing proper smoke annihilating ar
rangements in connection with their sta
tions. It shows, that in addition to the de
vice so well known, of washing tbe issuing
smoke into a dirty froth by the impact
of dashing water, a German
blast furnace maker has now dis
covered a method by which the
smoke and soot are deposited by water spray
in a chamber. From the resultant froth the
ammonia and sulphur can be condensed
and recovered and yield a handsome-profit.
It is further surmised that "it is really not
too much to prophecy that fnture electric
light companies can emulate the gas com
panies' example in the matter of by-products,
and can have better burning fuel, ab
sence of the smoke nuisance and valuable
products in chemicals, which shall even re
coup them for the actual cost of fuel."
Etching Glass.
What is stated to be an improved method
of etching glass has been patented in En
gland. It differs from the older methods in
the fact that etching is accomplished by a
cold process with the aid of rubber stamps,
the etching of such articles as bottles, lamp
glasses, glass plates and similar objects
being considerably accelerated, and the cost
of treatment reduced. A special etching
solution is prepared, and a small quantity is
dropped upon a sheet of India rubber cov
ered with a cloth pad, which is rubbed
until almost dry; whereupon, by means of
an india-rubber stamp bearing the design to
be reproduced, a portion of the liquid pre
viously absorbed by the pad is transferred to
the surface to be etched, with the result that
the design is eaten out. Should a deposit
be formed in the gutta-percba bottle which
is used for containing the solution, in conse
quence of the liquid not having been used
for Borne time, such deposit may be dissolved
by hydrofluoric acid.
A Une-Throwlng Gun.
Another addition to the list of recently
invented life-saving devices is the shoulder
line-throwing gnn, invented by Captain
D'Arcy-Irving, of the English royaVnavy.'
The invention consists of a shoulder gun,
having the cop or coil of line, suspended in
a case, carried under the breech of the gnn.
A rod is inserted in the barrel, the fore end
of the rod being connected with the end of
the line, which is in the center of the cop.
The line is 114 yards long, and the charge
of powder used is two drachms. Upon the
gun being fired at a high elevation the rod
is projected upward and forward, carrying
the line trailing after it. The object is, of
course, to land the line over the ship or
other object, the rod dropping behind it By
this means a rope can be made fast to tbe
tail end of the line by the succoring party,
and be hauled on board by those in distress.
Cream Separator.
Only very careful readers of technical
literature can realize the advances already
made in the manufacture of pressed steel in
this country. Some of the most complicated
forms are now made here more successfully
than in Europe. One ot the latest achieve
ments in this line is a steel bottle for a cream
separator. This bottle is 0-16 of an inch
thick, uniform throughout, weighs 80
pounds, and has only one opening, that at
the top. It is made from a plain flat sheet
by several operations, and finally molded
to the desired shape. This construction has
been a boon to dairymen, as former bottles
made of castings of steel and mailable injn
were very unsafe when revolving at 7,000
revolutions a minute. The only other place
where these bottles are manufactured is
Sweden, and the expense there ii so great
as alsr) to prohibit their use.
Effects of Smoking on the Voice.
Sir Morell McKenzie is authority for the
statement that most of the leading actors
suffer from a relaxed condition of the upper
throat brought on, he believes, entirely by
smoking; but actresses are rarely affected in
that way. He has noticed the same thing
in public speakers and clergymen. He says
that for a delicate throat the usual smoke
laden atmosphere of a common railway
smoking car is even worse than the actua'l
use of tobacco. The oriental hookah is, in
Dr. Mackenzie's opinion, the most harmful
apparatus, as the smoke, passing through
water, is cooled before entering the system.
He stigmatizes the cigarette as the most
harmful form in which tobacco can be used.
Advantages of Vegetable Diet
Popular Science Monthly alludes to the
belief of some that as man in the savage
state has, for the most part, been largely, if
not wholly, carnivorous, he will, with the
progress of civilization, become entirely
vegetarian or use only the products of ani
mals, as eggs and milk, with vegetable food.
A vegetable diet has been found very suc
cessful in treating kidney troubles and in
digestion. In point of economy it, is an
enormous saving, not only in actual cost to
the consumer, but a!so in land; as of tiro
equal portions of ground,one raising a cereal
and the other beef or mutton, the part de
voted to the cereal will support 10 times as
many men as me Deer or mutton portion.
The Method of Packing Salt
The Dutch Indian Government is offering
a prize of 10,000 guilders for a suitable
method Of packing salt. Tbe native brine
is evaporated from the Bait pans by the heat
of the sun, and is allowed to remain a long
time in tbe storehouses in order to get rid of
its hygroscopic qualities. In spite of this
there still remains a disposition to take up
water. What the Government wants is a
suitable packing material, which will pre
vent the salt taking up moisture and lique
fying. The prize will be given for the best
essay which describes first, a machine to
dry tbe salt; second, the material to be used
as packing; third, the machine to manu
facture strong boxes or barrels; fourth, the
machine to fill the boxes of one kilogram.
How to Exhibit Coins.
An enthusiastic numismatist has devised
an ingenious method of exhibiting coins,
which is notr used in English museums.
The pulling of a lever rotates a frame con
taining cards in which the coins are in
serted in'such a manner, that the obverse
and reverse, with a full description of 'each
row. arjLW'v'J "'" '' ' !" Pi-rvr,
StTNDAT, .NOVEMBER 3,
WOMEN AND TARIFF.
The Ladies Don't See How the Mc
Kinley law Will Help Them.
PRICES A'RE THE FIRST TO RISE
And That Salaries Will Follow is Just Now
a Matter of Faith.
BESSIE BSAMBLE WILL WAIT TO SEE
nranis ron tub DispiTcrt.i
Not long ago a young lady was graduated
from one of the most fashionable schools in
the country. In thit school she was sup
posed to have acquired all the necessary
knowledge Of Latin, German, French, men
tal philosophy, political economy, Americ
an literature, constitutional jurisprudence,
geology, English history, American history,
analogy, moral science, New Testament his
tory, mathematics, elocution, composition,
rhetoric, chemistry, music, with, of conrse,
the fundamental common things of read
ing, writing, arithmetic .and geography and
grammar.
In- addition to this imposing array of
learning there were lessons in manners and
deportment, and all that is considered "good
form" in society. Coming from a famous
institution of learning such as this, where
thousands of dollars had been spent to make
her a cultured and intelligent woman, and
canahle of filling, as supposed, the highest
social position to which she could be called, it
was not a little surprising to hear this hand
some young woman say to an intimate
rriend, "What is this blamed tariff they are
all talking about anyhow? They ail make
an excuse at 'the shops' for raising the
price of everything until positively I know
I shall be 'busted' long before my next al
lowance is due."
WHAT EDUCATION AMOUNTS TO.
These elegant remarks from one who had
graduated in Belles-lettres, art and science
including Political Economy showed
what a vast deal of money can be soent to
little purpose upon tbe education of girls,
and revealed how small is the smattering
that most of them receive in such knowl
edge as pertains to their everyday life.
But sincethis society girl did .not in her
study of political economy learn anything
of the tariff at school, it is quite likely she
will have some practical knowledge of it
drummed into her pretty head at home here
after. Her income is a fixed one it does
not go up with a sliding scale as prices ad
vance, and her lesson of economy will have
to be learned, unless she happens to marry
a man whosn pockets will stand the
strain. If she knew what .the
tariff meant, she might be able
to "pick her man" accordingly.
This shows the importance of being well
grounded in the matter of political economy.
A knowledge of the advantages and disad
vantages of free trade and protection would
be of value to them in the momentous mat
ter of marriage.
MUST -WATCH THE 'WAGES.
Until all wages and salaries are so ad
justed as to rise with a steep tariff, which
raises the prices of almost everything a
woman wears save calico, it is evidently to
her advantage to find a husband whose for
tune is increased by the tariff for protec
tion. If, under the McKinley bill, she
now marries a man whose wages do not go
up to meet the prices,' she will be further
away from a sealskin sacque, a silk gown, a
plush wrap or a handsome cloak this winter
than ever. There will be less hope that she
will be sumptuously attired in purple and
fine linen every day. There will be less
chance now for lace cdrtains, handsome
carpets, and the elegancies of life. More
will have to be paid for velvets, silks, laces,
handkerchiefs, gloves, and even corset and
buttons.
It is true, as Jay Gould wisely nays from
a millionaire standpoint, that if the tariff
raises the price of clothes, a man can "get
even" by wearing only one suit a year in
stead of two, as heretofore. The same ad
vice will serve good for a woman. If the
tariff raises the prices of what she wears she
can keep "square" by wearing her summer
duds all winter, or her winter "things" all
summer. Or If that does not suit her fancy,
she can wear calico, instead of silk or al
paca, cotton velvet instead of silk or plush;
uie bone buttons instead of pearl, cotton
handkerchiefs instead of linen, imitations
nd shams instead of the real and good
quality of anything.
THE EFFECT ON TVAOES.
This philosophy of Jay Gould may not be
acceptable to everybody, but it is evidently
the lesson of the hour to those who have to
make both ends meet on fixed incomes, and
to those whose wages will not rise in meas
ure with tbe increase of prices. American
workingmen get high wageB as compared
with the toilers in other parts of the world,
but when, these are shaved down by raised
prices it is evident that some further doctor
ing of statesmen is needed to se
cure tne apparent ana ultimate
advantage. The tariff secures bigh
wages say Brotlier Blaine, Speaker Beed,
Congressman McKinley and other top-notch
statesmen, but if the tariff raises prices, aud
invites the competition of hundreds and
thousands of Huns, Italians and the low
down labor of Continental Europe to say
nothing of foreign plants ot manufactures
coming here, where they can compete with
this country without the bar of the tariff
bow are wages to be kept up, let alone to
rise on a sliding scale with prices?
If women in the Tiiass and even those
who have been graduated in political
economy know little of the tariff and its
working, it may be said that they are
matched by the most of men. It would
seem that common sense would tell them
both that a blanket could not be made
donger by cutting a piece off the top and
Bewing it on to the bottom. Men who have
brains use them to little purpose when they
do not see that a system of legislation
-WHICH ENKICHES ONE CLASS
at the expense of all others is a violation of
th& law of equity. They use them to little
avail when tbey do not see that a system
whicli imposes a tariff that raises prices for
home people and admits cheap labor free to
enter into competition with their wages is a
bogus sort of protection. It is admitted by
most that the tariff will not raise wages.
They are regulated by the law of supply
and demand.
What seems strange is that workingmen
do not appear to see that what really lessens
their wages is an increase in the price of
food and clothes. If they get $5 a week
more than a foreign worker they fondly
imagine tbey are a deal better off than be is,
but if they by a system of trade restriction
raise the price of food and clothes to the
same figure, they are npt a whit better off in
reality.
A man who has studied up our new tariff
bill and has given his mind to its figures
says that from the "first to the last line it
discriminates against tbe poor man." He
uses the "figgers" to show that on articles
used by mechanics, farmers and working
women the increase oi duty is larger than that
on the goods used by the rich by from 20 to
SO per cent Doubtless, be sarcastically
adds, the working people will be glad to
pay this advance, so that the millionaires
can make more millions. They will be
qnite willing to "chip in" this extra so that
philanthropists can establish libraries for
the benefit of foreign towns. (This seems
to be a slap at "our Andy.")
BETTER FIND OUT.
Whether his estimates and figures are cor
rect or not it would betoken good sense in
working men to find out While they can,
of course, "eet even" bv Jav Gonld's nlan.
still it is possible they would prefer not
having the "fat fried out of them" in order
to make rich men richer. That wages are
not rising that there is an incessant strug
gle to keep them where they arc, is shown
by the constant strikes and battles of the
bread-winners in air departments of the
labor-world. With hordes'of hungrv for-
53T rnmlnlf "j! ft0 wi" eontena aud
1890.
compete with home workers, it ft likely
there will be enough of peace and prosperity
to go round? Those who are chiefly con
cerned know, or ought to know. .
That tariff and free'trade constitute a
great problem is plainly set forth by the
fact that famous statesmen of England and
United States Gladstone and Blaine are
diametrically opposed in their opinions.
Great minds, tbey say, run in the same
direction, but these tw'o run right plump
against each other. Gladstone asserts that
"all protection is morally and economically
bad." Blaine thinks the golden rule does
not apply across the Atlantic. It matters
not to nini if the "rurTlnTirethren" over the
sea starve as long as by "protection" their
factories can be shut up, and their fires of
industry be put out. Some of his followers
gloat over such prospect
On this subject, Mr. Blaine says: "The
benefit of protection goes first and last to the
men who earn their bread in the sweat of
their faces." This may be true. The ma
jority of men think bo and vote so. But he
would have trouble in making the "impe
cunious class" think it true. Women now
have to stretch a dollar to its uttermost limit
to get along. The sewing girl who works
for $0 a week and finds that everything she
wears has gone up in prlco thinks the new
law an iniquity. The teachers whose
salaries are never too fat, bat who know
something of the merits and demerits of the
taciff, have a conflict of mind over the pull
ing and hauling of theory and practice.
Even women of wealth are growling over
the rise in prices. "Why," said one, "it is
not only drygoods that have gone up, but
French peas they can't make French peas
in this country and mushrooms, and things
like that have been raised in price, too."
AWAIT THE BESULT3.
What a far-reaching question this problem
of the tariff isl How far as tbe poles asun
der are men of equal honesty, equal patriot
ism, and equal desire, as they say, for the
fair thing. Has the moral law no place in
commerce? Is a government instituted for
the benefit of the people justifiable
in establishing what Herbert Spencer calls
a system of robbery? One single firm only,
it is said, makes plush in the United States.
Is it wonderful that women growl when
every one of them who.buys a plush wrap
this winter will be charged a dollar or two
extra for the benefit of that firm?
However, the proof of the pudding is in
the eating. Let us all pay our taxes under
the McKinley bill, and sec how it goes. It
may as well be done cheerfully as not since
we have no option, unless we adopt Jay
Gould's philosophy. But since there is bo
much difference of opinion on this subject,
would it not be well to open up evening
classes and schools of discussion for the
study of political economy with regard to
protection and free trade to study both
sides and get the plain right and wrong of
the matter into the public mind?
Bessie Bbambls.
THE ADIEOKDACS F0EE8TS.
Their Permanent Maintenance Necessary to
the City of Now York.
November Centnrj.
Tne State of New York has nearly a
million acres of mountain forest lands,
not in one compact body, but in scat
tered tracts separated by private hold
ings. In this situation the property of
the Btate cannot be adequately protected
from spoliation, nor properly, administered
as a source of revenue. Those Who have
given attention to the matter in this State
therefore favor disposing of outlying tracts,
by sale or exchange, and tbe acquisition
by the State of sufficient additional ter
ritory to constitute a large State
park, or forest reservation, around the
sources of.the Hudson river and the othei
great waterways ot the State. Thii plan
was presented in a message from the Gover
nor to the Senate during the last session of
the Legislature, and by the concurrent
action ot both branches of that body was
committed to the' present Forest Commis
sion for thorough investigation, tbe finding
to be reported to the Legislature at its next
meeting.
This is one of the most important forestry
enterprises ever undertaken in this countrv.
The business and commercial x prosperity
of the city of New York depends
in very large measure upon the perma
nent maintenance of forest conditions
around tbe sources of the Hudson river,
and the interests of large portions of the
interior of the State are also closely con
nected with the destiny of the North Woods.
No part of tbe Adriondack Mountain forest
region is adapted to cultivation. It is
naturally suited to the perpetual production
oi timDer, ana to tnis crop alone.
The five or six millions of people who will
Boon be dwellers in the great city which is
so rapidly growing up on and around Man
hattan Island will need the whole Adiron
dack wilderness for an outlying park and
forest playground for their summer
rest and recreation. The movement
to preserve these monntain forests,
and to make the region a public possession,
should have the cordial support of all civil
ized anglers and huntsmen, of lumbermen
and owners of timber lands, and of public
spirited citizens in general. At present
large portions of the region are being rapidly
and irretrievably ruined. '
0TJE ONLY TORPEDO BOAT.
Something About the Gushing, ot tbe United
States Navy.
from St. Nicholas.
European countries have bnilt laree num
bers of these boats. Italy has now about
200; England, 175; France, ISO; Russia, 130;
Germany, 100, and Spain, 20. On this side
of the Atlantic the Argentine Bepublio has
18; Brazil, 15, and Chili, 10.
Of course you. wish to know how many
our own nation has. Well, we have one.
It was recently lannched, and if you read
the papers you will no doubt see accounts of
its trials for speed. It is a big one a
"deeri-sea" boat very much like the Italian
Kibbio in appearance, but not in any way
designed after that boat. It was built by
the Messrs. Herreshoff, at Bristol, K. X
This firm has built some very fast launches
and yachts, and can no doubt prove equal to
the best foreign builders in constructing
torpedo boats should others be demanded.
Our torpedo boat is named the Cusbing,
after a famous naval officer wbo during the
Bebellion sank a Confederate ironclad with
a torpedo rigged out on a spar projecting
from a steam launch. Torpedo boats are
not always named. It is the custom ot for
eign countries 'to give names only to their
"deep-sea' torpedo boats. Tbe smaller ones
are simply numbered.
I know you are wondering why we have
only one torpedo boat and would like to ask
me if we don't need more. Perhaps we do.
The United States has a longer sea coast
and more important sea ports to protect
than any other country; but tbe United
States is deliberate and thoughtful.
The present Secretary of the Navy has
asked Congress to appropriate money for
five torpedo boats in addition to the Cash
ing, and no douot successtul trials of these
will bring about many more.
SAVAGE HECKLACE&
Borne of tbe Curiosities That Uncle Sam Has
in His Possession.
1WEITTKN FOB THI DlSPiTCH.1
Uncle Sam has a vast collection of the
jewels of savages. He has silverware made
by the Indians oi Arizons, carved orna
ments from Alaska, and great bracelets and
anklets ot gold, silver and brass from India.
One of the most curious necklaces in his col
lection is one of human fingers which the
medioine men of some of the Indian tribes
wear, and one is made of 67 human teeth
with boles pierced at their roots to string
them. Tnis necklace is Jen inches long and
a number of the teeth evidently need filling.
It came from the 3?igi Islands and was found
ihara inlfUO.
Another necklace is made of human hair,
into which tne tusk of tbe walrus was
woven. It is about 2 inches thick and 20
inches long. Another savage necklace is
one of human and dog teeth combined, and
copper find brais, of all shajfttCaatftiiea,,
Kmu.trcu iivu MtvvMM wi .aa wwTKsV
NEW ADVEETISESIENT9.
, THE LEADING AND LARGEST
MILLINERY HOUSE
IN WESTERN PENNSYLVANIA.
- ...
UPSETTING PRICES!
In order to make room for our immense stock
of Holiday Goods now arriving daily.
Cutting and slashing prices all
over our
SAU PUUSH GARMENTS,
Jackets at $10, $12, $15, $17 to $55,
Wraps at $12, $15, $18, $20 to $45,
Sacques at $15, $18, $25, $30 to $50.
All warranted Genuine London Dyed Seal Plushes,
blocked seams, full tailor made, with heavy quilted satin
lining, chamois skin pockets and real seal ornaments. We
stand ready to replace any garment we sell by a new one, in
case it does not wear as represented.
CLOTH JACKETS.
CHEVIOT JACKET 24 inches long, high should
ers, in either blue or black $2 74.
DIAGONAL JACKET 25 inches long, tight titling,
high shoulders, open seams, stitched edges,' $2 99. Worth
double the money.
CHEVRON REEFERS 27 inches long, roll collar,
hussar ornaments, perfect fitting, regular tailor made, in either
blue or black, $7 24. '
PUR COLLAR JACKETS 27 inches long, in
either Beaver, Worsted or Chevrons, in black, navy or tan
colors, with shawl or notched rolling collar, and trimmed .with
Astrachan, Wool, Seal, etc., etc., $11 49, $12 50 to $25.'
CHILDRENS REEFERS Age 4 to 12 yearsjn a
very neat Striped Worsted material, high shoulders, brass
buttons, rolling collar, at only $1 87.
MISSES' REEFERS Age 12 to 18 years, in Black
or Blue Cheviot, rolling collar, open seams, raised shoulders,
only $3 74.
FINE MILLINERY. !
Isn't it a treat to get into a Millinery Department where
there are no dead places, no warmed-over styles? We have
no corners for drift or trash.' Every table is loaded with live,
wideawake shapes, the same as shown in aris or New York,
both trimmed and untrimmed. (We make no charge for
trimming when you buy your materials here.)
Mountains of.the neatest and nattiest Hats for Children's
wear, and everything in the line of Millinery Trimmings that
the heart of woman yearns for.
ATTENTION, HOUSEKEEPERS.
f (HouBefurnishinga Basement)
$2 99 For a good Porcelain Tea Set, 56 pieces. You
can have your pick, blue or brown. All perfect, and worth
twice our price, $2 99.
5c 2 boxes for 5c of Wood Toothpicks, 2,500 in each
box
10c An elegant line of Rose Jars, cut to one-half
their value 10c. ,
16c A good Nickel-Plated Cuspidor. To reduce the
stock, we cut them to 16c each.
$7 63 For a good Porcelain Dinner Set of 112 pieces,
in 3 pretty colors. We guarantee these sets- to give good
satisfaction. Remember, $7 43 for 113 pieces.
50c For 10 rolls or packages of best Toilet Paper.
$3 98 For a 12-piece Chamber Set of best Porcelain,
pretty colors, and warranted to give satisfaction. These sets
are worth double the money.
2c Box of Pufz Pomade, the celebrated cleaning com
pound. $2 49 Bissel's Grand Rapids Carpet Sweeper. Sells
all over for $3 50, We guarantee all sweepers to give
satisfaction. Our price, $2 49 each.
SPECIAL:
Our Fashion Catalogue
mailed to any address free of
DANZIGBR'S,
The Money-Saving Stores for the People, S U
ft
SIXTH STREET MB PENN AVEKUEil
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bisr store.
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for 1890-91 now ready, and!
charge. J
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