10
strange Indians, who may have come from
the "West, and mar even claim to have been
in the immediate -vicinity of the new Mes
siah, have recently joined the Sioux at
these agencies is indisputable. They are
spoken of as apostles ot the new relieion
and it is by their advice that the Indians
have rathered into camps, given up work
ofall kinds and gone to eating, praying,
isiiigiug and dancing until the niillenium
come.
TENETS OF THE SEW TAITH.
The excitement began among the Sioux
at the great council of the Sioux Nation,
held about the middle of September, and is
the direct result of the exhortations ot In
dian emissaries from Montana, where the
Messiah was said first to have been seen
last spring. The main article of the new
creed is tlie belief that the present surface
of the North American continent will be
covered 30 feet deep by a new stratum of
hoil, which shall be inhabited by Indians
ouly and be thick with game as were the
prairies before the white man came. Beneath
this new stratum the white man and bis
cities and his railroads and his steamboats
and his civilization shall be buried in the
twinkling of an eye, and the New "World
shall be as if it baa never known him, or at
least as it was 300 years ago.
But the Indians and here is a strange
thing shall not be overwhelmed in the
general ruin Thev will be endowed with
a supernatural strength to wrestle with the
difficulties of the occasion, and will squirm
through the new soil until, after much
l.tiA. itwT mn fieic ntitl In mpntfitinns flip
red man shall" at last struegle out to the J
new surface of the new earth where they
will find grass waist high and immense
herds of buffalo, antelope and wild horses
ready at hand!
There is Ermethingtouchingin this happy
restoration. To reach it the red mau must
pass through his purgatory the new earth
stratum.
C ENSEAL INDIAN DISTURBANCES.
The outbreak of the White lliver TJtes,
who have let the reservation in Utah and
jtoue into Colorado to kill stock, is believed
here to be a part of a general uprising pre
liminary to the appearance in the flesh of
the Indian Messiah. It is known that the
Nez Perccs nejr Mullen, Idaho, to the num
ber ot 400 have appeared in a band at that
town and presented a formal demand that
the whites leave the country, "to which
they have no title." These are the same
Nez Perces who took part in the massacre
of 1S77. They are aistatisfied with heir
reservation at La 1'itai and are said to
threaten again to overrun that vast stretch
of .Northern Idaho known as Camas Prairie.
The excitement among the Cheyennes,
Kiowas and Coinanches is scarcely less.
Captain Tnmbleton, of the Seventh United
States Cavalry, commandant at Fort Sill, is
known to have declared within a few weeks
that in his opinion "the greatest Indian up
rising of recent times is certain to come
soon," as "the Indians have got the idea
that the Great Medicine Man is coming to
sripe out the whites and restore to them the
ownership of the country." Captain Trini
bleton is known as a man of experience and
discretion. His declaration that the G,000
Indians about Fort Sill have renounced
Christianity and entered upon a series of in
cantations and fanatical orgies is certainly
worthy of note.
ARE THE SIOCX STARVING?
The opinion in this part of Dakota is that
the Sioux have been so badly treated by the
Government lately that their disaffection
cas much to justify it In June, 1SS9, the
Sioux signed a treaty for the cesvion of a
part of their reservation to the Government.
They have not yet received 1 cent of the
consideration due them for that cession.
General Crook was with the commission
that secured their signatures to the treaty;
General Crook had been their cooquerer,
:iud atterward their benefactor and mend.
They knew him and believed in him, and
their is no doubt that it was owing ycry
largely to bis influence that the treaty was
ratified.
v It was General Crook who promised the
Sioux that the Government would pay them
in full and promptly 'or their lands and
that their rights should be respected. The
Sioux have been repeatedly deceived by
agents ot the United States Government,
notably when the attempt, that so nearly re
sulted, in 187S, in war, was made to remove
them by Jorce to the Missouri river, but
they trusted Crook. Now that Crook is
dead the chiefs 'ay that his Government
has failed absolutely to carry out his
promises.
ON SHORT ALLOWANCES.
The recent census at Kosebud Agency and
here was grossly inaccurate, my informant
declares. The number of Indians was
counted down instead of properly enumer
ated, and as a result their allowance of
rations has been greatly limited. Owing
to the delay in tbc passage by Congress of
the Indian appropriation bill not only the
Sioux, but the Indians, of the entire country
liave been and are suffering for food. It is
sow October end the supplies due in July
have not yet been sent out to them.
As a result thev listen all the more eagerly
to the emissaries who have come from that
part of Montana where the Messiah is said
to have been seen. The idea of an approach
ing millennium and the extinction of the
whites renders the reservation Indians all
the more willing to eat their breeding sheep,
cattle and lowls and quit work of every
kind. The Sioux at tnese two great agencies
Pine Ridge and Rosebud are receiving
icareely unj thing at all, even under the re
duced census appoitionuient, instead of the
full rations they are entitled to.
THET SEE NO HOPE.
It is useless to attempt to reason with
starving Indians, especially when the mys
terious apostles from Montana and Utah
have succeeded in convincing hundreds ot
the Sioux that when the Messiah appears
their druggie for their rights will at last be
crowned with success. Indeed, a man offi
cially acquainted with the Sioux lor 25
3 earn said to me yesterday:
"Broken treaties, delayed appropriations
and religious frenzy have combined to make
the Indians 'eel that the worst has come to
the worst, and that even if no Messiah came
they might as well die fighting, with their
wives and children around them, as see
their dear ones pinched and starved by a
Goirnruent that owes them a living and
lias abundant means to pay that debt were it
so disposed. By the very failure to deliver
them their supplies in July, when they
were due, the Government has, as a last
stroke of cruelty, deprived the Sioux of the
opportunity to earn money by freighting
these supplies. Theresas nothing to haul,
so they have ben deprived not only ot their
Government food, but o almost ibeir only
opportunity to make money enough to buy
lood elsewhere." Collis Beelow.
LIFE ON THE PLANETS.
2tot Enough TDeufcitj on the Outer Ones and
Too Hut on the Inner.
The question whether other planets are in
habited is always an interesting one. It is
certain that the four great outer ones, Jupi
ter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune, cannot
support animal li'e. Their density is small
and their consistency more or less liquid
and gaseous. Jupiter, biggest of the planets,
the diameter of which is more than ten
times that of the earth, is a sun not yet quite
extinguished and even now giving out heat
From time to time a spot appears on its
nurface, which is a black hole in the midst
ot the fire big enough to drop the earth into.
Saturn is hot, too, while Neptune and
Uranus are so far oft that nothing much can
lie ascertained about them beyond the fact
that Uranus has four moons and Neptune
ae.
There may be li'e on Venus and Mercury,
though it must be warm, inasmuch as Venus
is a third nearer the sun than the earth, and
Mercury is not half so far away.
Sister Rose Gertrude' Furore.
It is kUted in Paris that Sister Rose Ger
trude is abont to return to Europe, and that
if she obtains the necessary permission from
her ecclesiastical superiors she will resume
her duties at the large house oT business in
Paris where she was formerly an accountant,
continuing her researches for the cure of
leprosy at the same time.
THE EIPPER AGAIN.
The Efforts of the London Police to
Catch the Murderer.
ALL L05DON YA1TIKG IN TERR01I.
Women Tramping Throngh the Dark Pre
cincts of WhitechapeL
rORTBAIT FKOM THE LATEST PHOTO
(COKSXsroSDXKcx or thi disfatcbi
London, October 23.
NCE again the air is
filled with sensational
stories concerning the
reappearance of that
mysterious modern
monster, "Jack the
Ripper." Aristocratic
members of exclusive
"West End Clubs grave
ly discuss the situation,
newspaper cranks abuse
the police and advance
preposterous theories,
and juvenile denizens
of foul-smelling "Whitechapel take huge de
light in frightening to death, by divers
practical jokes, the unfortunate class of
women with which the locality abounds.
Truly, the "Ripper" scare is the one ab-
T
J
jVj X0SPI7AL
- c N " y2sST;tfAxrs J
SCENE OP THE NINE "WHITECHAPEL MURDERS.
(1) Unknown woman, Christmas week, 1887. (2) Martha Turner, found stabbed in S9 places,
August 7, 1SSB. (3) Mary Ann Nichols. In Bucks Row, August 31, 18i8. (4) Annie Chapman,
Hanbury street, September 7, 1SSS. (S) Lizzie Stride. Berner street, September 3U. 1883. (o)
Catherine Eddowes, Mitre Square, beptember 30, 1SS8. (7) Mary Jane Kelley, 26 Dorset street,
December 2a, 18S3. (8) Alice Mackensie, July 17, 1889. (8) Body ot old woman found In Back
church lane, September 10, 1BS9.
sorbing topic, and cropping up, as it has, at
the dullest period of an unusually dull
season, it not only affords food for club gos
sip, hut right welcome "copy" for great
London's sensational dailies.
Although during the past six months but
little has been heard of the "Ripper" by the
Scene of First Murder, George'M Yard.
outside public, nevertheless within well
informed circles the renewed activity of the
Scotland Xard authorities has been freely
commented upon; indeed, never have the
police displayed such activity in their efforts
to trace the "Whitechapel fiend as at the
present moment. Superintendent Arnold
and several of the chief detectives confess
that it was a gross mistake to regard the
"Jack the Ripper" postcards and letters as
a hoax. They now incline to the belief that
the communications have emanated from
the real murderer, for although several ar
rests have been made on evidence which
ponted strongly to the suspects as authors
of the diabolical correspondence, neverthe-
Latest Photograph of the Ripper.
less all efforts of the authorities to "sheet
home" the charges made have up to the
present proved tutile.
It is known that the London police have
lately obtained certain clews to the identity
of the "Ripper" through the agency of a
notorious woman, who, prompted by the
Swearing in the Deputies.
large rewards offered for his apprehension,
has devoted herself to a task which has
baffled the skill of England's picked detec
tives. This woman claims to not only have
"located" the assassin, but avers that she
has obtained a photograph of the actual
murderer by means of a detective camera.
This photograph is sow in the bands of the
police, who maintain the most dogged
silence respecting both this and all other
JatP developments, but frm th irnmsp'
II li - tff
tiliiilF
11 ii"D
jj
Wttfl
description it Would appear that the notor
ious butcher is anything but the repulsive
looking character the public have hitherto
regarded him,
a The disclosures made by this woman, and
Bcene 0 Iburth Murder. Banbury Street.
the recent warnings sent to the police,
emanating, presumably, from the assassin
himself, have prompted the authorities to
adopt extraordinary precautions, the most
important being the employment as detec
tives of the very class of women "Jack the
Ripper" had hitherto selected as his prey.
A large number of these unfortunates have
practically been engaged by the police to
aid in hnnting down the mysterious fiend.
They have been ordered to parade the
darkest and least frequented courts and
I
alleys of "Whitechapel and Spitalfif Ids with
instructions not to repulse any man who
solicits them. They are guaranteed that
the will be followed and that in the event
o. "any violence being attempted they shall
leceive immediate help. Provided that
they can be kept sober tho police consider
these women well qualified to act as decoys;
but the "free solicitation" order has already
roused the ire of the army of morilists who
are ever eager and ready to embrace an op
portunity of this nature, and ventilate
through the medium of the press their
philanthropic, but nevertheless, unhealthy
views.
I 'As an extra precautionary measure the beats
in "Whitechapel and Spitalfields have been
completely reorganized, and the officers who
were formerly employed on duty in the lo
cality of the murders have been recalled to
their old beats. It ts argued that these men
will more readily detect the presence of
strangers and recognize more quickly any
former suspect Already several arrests
have been made,but in each case the suspect
has been set at liberty on satisfactory proof
Where Lizzie Stfoude Wat Butchered.
forthcoming of his innocence. Not only
have most of the beats been shortened, but
in quiet and secluded spots likely to be
selected by the fiends for the perpetration of
another deed.officers are to be seen parading
in twos and threes. ,
Instead of a man being at a certain point
on his beat once every half honr or 35 min
utes, that point is 'passed by a constable
every 15 or 20 minutes, so that in some parts
the woman slaughterer woald have but a
very brief space of time in which to decoy
his victim, mutilate her and get away unde
tected or unseen. Plain-clothes men also
patrol these quarters, while others are con
cealed in the courts and alleys frequented
by the women.
It is ,i noteworthy fact that, whereas dur
ing the last "murder season" the police
were persistent in their efforts to clear the
streets at an early hour, their aim at the
present time appears to be quite the reverse.
Formerly women were seldom seen ont
alone after 1 o'clock in the morning; now
from midnight to daybreak they are to be
seen prowling about in all directions, utter
ly regardless of the threatened danger.
Where the JTlnth Victim Lied.
From the accompanying plan it will be
noticed that the miscreant has confined his
operations to a comparatively small area,
and as he has faithfully carried out his
avowed intention as expressed in his first
letter to the police the latter still deem it
expedient to concentrate their forces within
the boundary originally planned out by the
"Ripper" himself. The last epistle received
by the police from "Jack the Ripper" was
to the effect that the writer was mlly aware
of the precautions that were being taken,
while at the same time he assured the officers
of the futility of such measures. He threat
ens a tenth murder under their very noses.
It remains to be seen haw far this bold
challenge will be fulfilled. In the mean
while hall London nightly quakes with
fri?'it. MArT.rou.
fhiaK I
THE HTTSBTJRG DlSPATOH,
ALL WIRE PULLERS.
Pernicious Political Activity of Most
of the Presidents.
WASHINGTON COULD USE WHISKY.
Gastronomies of the White House and. the
Bills for Pine Wines.
HOW JOHNSON TOOK TOO BIG A DRINK
rCOBBEBFONDENCE OT TUX DISrATCn.l
Washington, November 1. President
Harrison believes that it is every man's
duty to cast his rote at the polls, and ho
thinks every American citizen should take
part in the Government. He will, it
possible, go to Indianapolis next Tuesday to
cast his ballot and he has been a regular at
tendant at the polls on election days since
he became of age. He is following the ex
ample of the Presidents of pur latter days,
and it is now quite the thing for the Presi
dent to leave "Washington for the State and
National elections.
President Arthur voted regularly in New
York City while he was at the "White House.
Cleveland not only went to Buffalo, but
gave his check for $10,000 to pay a part of
the expenses of one of the elections, and
Arthur not only gave liberally to the cam
paign funds, but he sometimes visited the
State to regulate party nominations. This
was the case when Judge Folger was nom
inated for Governor in 1882, and this act
undoubtedly did Arthur's prospects for a
renomination considerable injury.
LINCOLN HADN'T TIME.
The only President who went home to
vote back of Arthur was Buchanan, whose
home was at Lancaster, not so very far from
the capital, and who went there regularly
to vote during his administration. Presi
dent Lincoln never saw his home in Spring
field after he was made President. His
career in the "White House was such a busy
one that he had not time to think of his
own ballot, though he undoubtedly kept
his fingers on the political wires and man
ipulated them toward the great ends of pre
serving the Union, whichhis genius largely
aided in accomplishing.
There was no doubt about Andy John
son's politics. He was a tempestuous parti
san, but he did not go to Tennessee to vote
his ticket during his term. General Grant
never voted after 1860, when he was a
Breckenridge Democrat, until 1880, when
voted in New York. He had never voted
the Republican ticket until 16 years after
he was elected as the Republican President,
and Chief Justice Carter, who had much to
do with getting Grant to accept the Repub
lican nomination, said that the matter was
pushed because the party feared that the
Democrats would take up Grant and nom
inate him.
PRESIDENTS AS POLITICIANS.
There is nothing wrong in the President
going home to vote, and there is nothing
wroug in bis taking part in politics to a
limited extent All of the Presidents of the
past have been more or less' of politicians.
George "Washington was a first-class politi
cian, and he did not scruple to use liquor in
his elections. "When he was a candidate
for the House of Burgesses in Virginia he
kept an account of his election expenses,
and among them was a hogshead o' whisky
and a barrel of wine, which were used at
the polk.
Jefferson spent comethin? like $10,000 for
wines and liquor; while he was President of
the United States, and a large amount of
this went to conciliate discontented voters.
Jefferson was always laying political
wires, and he was by no means scrupulons
in his means of accomplishing his ends.
Even while he was in "Washington's Cabi
net he kept a man in the Department under
him whose chief duty was to write political
articles against "Washington. Those arti
cles were published in the anti-administra-tioi
papers, and Jeffersoa would mark them
and send them to "Washington.
HOW WASHINGTON WAS ABUSED.
Few people appreciate how "Washington
was slandered during his administration.
The papers then called him the stepfather of
his country and the American Ctesar. They
accused him of wanting to become a king,
and in 1795 the New York Journal had an
artiole on "Washington as a thief. This was
written by the Clerk of the House ot Repre
sentatives, and it accused "Washington of
having overdrawn his salary 6,150.
It was John Randolph, of Roanoke, who
proposed the toast at a dinner, "George
Washington, may he be damned," and one
of the leading writers of the day even ac
cused Washington of haying committed
murder during the time thathewas in Brad
dock's expedition. It was at this time that
that noted scene occurred In "Washington's
private office which Jefferson records in his
annals in which he got into a towering rage
and said he had ''never repented but once of
having slipped the moment of resigning his
office, and that was every moment since."
And be went on saying he had "rather be
in his grave than in bis present sit
uation. He would rather be on
his farm than the emperor of the world,
and yet they were charging him with want
ing to be a king." JEyen Congress went
back on him. and when he finally left the
Executive chair the opposition papers were
full of rejoicing.
THE TWO ADAMSES.
The Adams family was made up of born
politicians. Old John Adams was a fussy
little fellow as fat as butter and as vain as
a peacock. He was very angry when he
found that he had to leave the "White House
and he went away bag and biggage the
night before Jefferson's inauguration, say
ing that he would' not stay to see his ene
mies exalted. He was very jealous of
"Washington, and one day when one of his
friends iu speaking of some occurrence that
had lately hapnened referred to George
Washington and John Adams as having
taken part in it, he interrupted the speaker
and said: "Sir, you should not say George
Washington and John Adams, but you
should say John A'dams and George Wash
ington, lor John Adams made George
Washington." ,
It was the same with JohuQuincy Adams.
He started out as a politician before he was
out of school and at the age of IS was driw
in? a Government salary as Secretary of
our Legation at St. Petersburg. He led off
the public pap during tne whole of his life
and the salaries which he received from
Uncle Sam amounted to about $500,000.
His election was brought about, it is said.
by a political bargain which be made with
Henry Clay, and after he lelt the White
House he again entered politics and came
back to Congress.
JACKSON AND TAN BDBEN.
During the days of Jackson and Van
Buren the Government had no use for any
man who was not a Democrat. Jackson
was one of the most violent partisans who
ever sat in the White House, and he
schemed for the success of his party during
the whole of his two administrations. He
helped Van Buren to become his successor
because he considered him a first-class
Democrat, and it was during his administra
tion that the famous doctrine was brought
forth which is embodied in the catch words,
"To the victors belong the spoils."
President Harrison's grandfather was a
politician, and he was holding a petty
political office at the time he was nominated
for the Presidency. Polk was noted as a
hand-shaker and a baby kisser long before
he was thought of for the Presidency. He
never had any idea that he would be nom
inated at Baltimore, and when he received
the news of his nomination he was trving a
$10 Justice of the Peace case. His brother
communicated the fact to him bnt he wonld
not believe it, and it was some time before
he would be persuaded that the fact was a
genuine one. ITilmore was a politician,
and Frank Pierce had had a long political
career before he was nominated for the
the
t
Presidency.
GARFIELD'S OASTRONOMIC TASTES.
"Mr, W. T. Crninn, ho "ct"! s the v
STJNDAY, NOVEMBER
ard of the White House during the Hayes
and Garfield administrations, is near to
death. Garfield was by no means a mascot
to those who were employed about his bed
side. He ruined Crump, and his sickness
was the death blow to Dr. Bliss' health and
prosperity. I chatted with Steward Crump
not long ago about Garfield's table. He
said: "President Garfield had the dys
pepsia when he was inaugurated, and all the
time he was in the White.House he would
eat nothing but the plainest food. He was
very particular abont his hours, and he ate
his breakfast always at 850, his dinner at 3,
and a light tea at 7 P. M.
"He was very fond of a good beefsteak and
he always had baked potatoes for breakfast.
He had a way of his own for fixing these.
He would have the potatoes broken open as
soon as they came upon the table, and press
the white mealy mass out upon his plate
and poured cream over them. He liked
this dish so well that he often made a whole
meal out of it, and he once told me that it
was far better and more digestible than po
tatoes with butter. He ate beefsteak for
dinner, but neither he nor Mrs. Garfield
ever cared much for anything and his table
was by no means so elaborate as that of
President Hayes."
"What were President Hayes' favorite
dishes?" I asked.
'President Hayes," replied Steward
Crump, "had a very tasty stomach. He ate
a very good breakfast and was very fond of
cakes made of Indian meal, and he thought
a breakfast was not complete without the
best of coffee. He used a mixture oi fine
Mocha and Java.
COFFEE AND APOLLINAEIS WATER.
"At 1 o'clock I served his Innch. This
consisted of cold meats, roast turkev, duck
or beef cut down in 'slices and a salad. This
with bread and butter, coffee and tea con
stituted the noon meal. Onr biggest meal
was at dinner, which was served at 6 P. M.
It was served in courses: First, there were
the oysters on the half shell, then a fillet or
roast of Iamb, with some kind of croquettes
and vegetable. Following this we usually
had a course of game and then dessert, con
sisting of cakes, irnit, candy and nuts.
"There was always cake on the table, and
Mrs. Hayes dearly loved angel's food cake.
We finished the dinner with a cup of atter
dinner coffee, and the first part of it was al
ways washed down with Apollinaris water.
President Haves was very fond of eandy.
He dearly doted oh duck, and he had a
special aversion to pork in any shape. It
is not true that Hayes saved a great deal of
money while he was in the White House
and watched every penny. Some of his
state dinners cost him $17 per plate. I was
instructed to get the best in the market
without regard to price, and Hayes never
criticised niy accounts. I never lound any
niggardliness about him.
ARTHUR A NIGHT HAWK.
"Hayes was a much nicer man to work
for than Arthur, and he kept decent hours.
Arthur never had his dinner before 8 o'clock,
and his friends often sat at the table as late
as 12 or 1. This would'run the dishwash
ing away on into the night, and I found I
could not stand the pressure. Garfield al
ways had wine al his meals. He never ate
anything but a cracker and a cup of coffee
for breakfast, and he took this often as late
as 10 o'clock in the morning.
"President Hayes had wine only once on
his table while he was in the White House,
nnd this was when the Grand Duke Alexis
was here. Garfield gave no state . dinners
while he was in the White House, but
Arthur's dinners were noted for the fineness
of their wines, and Andrew Johnson had a
special brand of Bberry which was very
popular. Johnson was very fond of whisky,
and kept a jug of old Bourbon always near
him. He was druuk at his inauguration as
Vice President, and he became so frorr hav
ing been on a spree the night before, and
going to the Capitol on an empty stomach.
OVERESTIMATED HIS CAPACITY.
"When he got there he found himself very
faint, and asked John W. Forney if he
could not give him a drink. Forney was, I
think, the Clerk of the Senate, and he went
to one of the cupboards, pulled out a whole
bottle of rye whisky and handed it to Andy
Johnson. " Johnson took a goblet and
poured it full of the amber-colored liquid
and drank the whole of it in three swallows.
It scared Forney to see him do so, and as
the burning fluid swashed around in his
empty stomach it was no wonder that it
made him drunk. About ten minutes after
this he stood up to be inaugurated "Vice
President, and, to the horror of all, began
to make a speech. Everyone conld see that
he was drunker than the traditional boiled
bwl, and though there was an attempt to
hush the matter up it was all in vain.
"Jefferson always used the finest of wines.
"Washington generally drank two glasses of
old Maderia while at dinner, and Jackson
on the night of his inauguration spoiled the
East Room carpet with the barrels ol punch
which he had brought in to treat his guests.
In a cosmopolitan society like that of Wash
ington it is impossible to get along without
the use of wines, and the President who
serves them creates less comment and does
quite as much good as he who does not."
Frank G. Carpenter.
J0HAKN STEAUSS' OPERA.
Kissing Is the Beginning and the End of the
New Production.
Philadelphia Times.!
I am able to give you a synopsis of Johann
Strauss' new opera, "Bitter Pazmann." The
wife of the Ritter, when wandering in the
green forest, allows herself to be kissed by
a gentleman, whom she mistakes for her
husband. After Bhe arrives home she nar
rates her adventure, whereupon Knight
Pazmann rises in his might and his stirrups
and swears, like the ancient Queen Isabella
of Spain, nevermore to change his dress
until he finus the scoundrel who insulted
his wife.
Ritter and wife now travel near and far
pursuing the villain, and finally come to
the King's court, where the injured lady
recognizes in His Majesty the man tbey are
looking for. A court of justice is estab
lished to hear the knight's grievances; the
fool is elected judge, and he decides that
Pazmann shall kiss the Queen, and this done
the opera ends without bloodshed.
FE0H HOMELY MATERIALS.
A Thing of Beauty and Usefulness That
Scarcely Costs a Fenny.
St. Lcmll Republic!
A pretty and serviceable shoe box is
made of an empty half barrel, some ex
celsior, some burlaps and some hammock
mrii. The barrel must first be sawed in
two, then fitted with a cover and the founda
tion is maae. ao siues oi iub uox most
next bo neatly covered with burlaps and the
top stuffed with -xcelsior kept in place by
a covering of muslin. Then the top must
have made ready its outside cover, which is
of burlaps decorated with a simple design,
as shown in the illustration.
The figures can be out from brown cloth
or denim and couched, or they can be colored
with thin oil paint; In this case brown shad
ing to yellow will give good effect. The
edges should be outlined with heavy brown
linen floss. The fringe, like that of the cur
tain, is of brown hammock cord, and is
knotted into the edge of a narrow band of
burlaps, which fits tightly round the top of
the box. It should be sufficiently deep to
entirely cover the sides of the box. When
all is done the patient laborer'will surely be
rewarded With a comfortable and handsome
stool, as well (as with a most ute'ul rccepla-
pi. i
i r
Uihi nil in al iiuimi
A Lady's Shoe Box. '
2, 1890.
SOME SIMPLE TERMS
That Are Now in Every-Day Use, but
Are Little Understood.
HINTS USED BY ELECTRICIANS.
Explanations Which Will Enable One to
Talk Intelligently of
T0LTS, AMPUEES, OHMS AND WATTS
iwwTTXN roa THB sisfatcii.i
Electricians are often asked what a "volt"
is or on "ampere" or a "watt," and indeed
such expressions must be very puzzling to
the layman. However, they are not nearly
as mysterious as tbey sound. Familiarity
and use is all that is needed to make these
expressions just as intelligible as the foot,
yard or quart. Comparatively few people
know how many feet there are in a mile,
and there are not a few people that would
get but a faint idea from the expression 800
feet high. Yet all are perfectly familiar
with the terms toot, yard or quart, and are
capable of using them intelligently in gen
eral conversation and for all ordinary pur
poses. And now, in these days of electricity,
when electrical topics are constantly before
the public and electrics currents in every
city, it seems high time that people in gen
eral should shake off an indescribable
dread, a sort of shrinking feeling about the
electric current as though it were some
monster or supernatural being, and become
familiar with this new and wonderful agent,
ever ready to do our bidding.
THE rOTJB UNITS.
Electricity is a form of energy, and,
natural enough, like all other forms ot
energy, such as steam, water power, gun
powder, etc., can do much mischief
when improperly handled. But when in
telligently and rightly used it is one of the
most easily applied and flexible forms of
energy known. Let us then help and not
hinder its progress in the industries, and the
best way to overcome this almost universal
shrinking from it is to become familiar with
it and learn to appropriate its many good
qualities. How, one of the best ways to be
gin this is to obtain a clear idea of its prin
cipal units of measurements.
Electrical units have been given proper
names. Ampere, Watt, etc., are the names
of men who have made themselves famous
in this electrical branch of science. But in
themselves these names mean nothing more
than do the expressions foot or pound. The
four most commonly used electrical units
are the volt, or unit of pressure, the ampere,
or unit of quantity of current, the ohm, or
unit of resistance, and the watt, or unit of
energy. This last unit is always the
product of the pressure into the quantity of
current and is often called the volt-ampere.
However, the expression watt is preferable.
being shorter, and, in fact, volt-ampere is
fast going out of use.
The best way to make a first acquaintance
with these units is to compare and liken
tnem, as tar as posstDle, with units already.
The volt or unit of pressure corresponds to
the unit foot when used iu the sense of pres
sure. When we speak of a hundred feet of
pressure in a water pipo we know that the
level of the water in the reservoir is 100
feet above th'e pipe in qnestion and we un
derstand the expression 100 feet of pressure
because we are familiar with it and know
THE GENERAL EFFECT
that can be obtained from that pressure.
For example, we know -that if a hole is
made in the pipe, a stream of water will,
except for friction, rise 100 feet high. In
the same way, anybody wonld make a pretty
good guess as to how many pounds there are
in one cubic foot of water, and this if only
because we are familiar with those units of
measure, and not because we know anything
about their history or why they were given
such names.
In electricity the relation oi the units
above mentioned is beautifully simple, and
is called Ohm's law, Ohm being the name of
the man that discovered the law, which is
this: "The pressure is equal to the quantity
multiplied by the resistance." That is, the
volts always equal the product of the
ampere into the ohms. To that if we rep
resent the yolts by V, ampere by A and
ohms by O we have these three simple
equations: V equals A multiplied by O, A
equalsVdivided by O and O equals V divided
by A, from which, if any two of the three
quantities are known, the third can always
be calculated.
For exam pie, i f we have V4andA 2,
then O will equal 2, because O V-A
4-2 3 2. and so on.
There is one other term to consider, and"
tnat is tne watt or unit ot work (energy;.
If we represent this by W, we have this
very simple law: W V x A. That is, 6
watts are equal to 6 yolts times 1 ampere, or
3 volts times 2 ampzres, or 2 yolts times 3
amperes. Now, it takes 746 watts to equal
one horse powe of energy, so that,, it we
have 2 amperes flowing under a pressure of
373 volts, we will be able to do the work of
one horse power with the current, for here
V 373 and A 2, and so f rom W V x A
we have W 373 x 2 746 watts or one
horse power.
It will thns be seen how very simple it is
to talk intelligently about the power of an
electric current. For example, if a man
says he has an electric current doing a work
of ten-horse power under a pressure of 1,000
volts, we at once know that be is using a
current of 7.46 amperes, because ten-horse
power equals 7,460 watts, and this equals
1,000 yolts times 7.4G amperes. In fact,
energy in electric power is measured in very
much the same way that it is in water
power.
THE ELEMENT OF TIME.
With water the energy is measured by the
product of the pressure into the quantity of
water flowing id a given time. When we
say that 746 watts equals one horse power,
we mean the effort of one horse power; but
if we wish to estimate the work that can be
done with a given number of watts, the ele
ment of time must be taken into consider
ation. And so we speak of watt-hours or
horse-power hours, that is, 746 watts will do
in one hour the same work that one horse
power from a steam engine will do in one
hour. Also one watt will do in 746 hours
the same work that 746 watts will do in one
hour.
Some examples now of common uses of
the electric current may be of assistance tn
familiarizing one with thr units that we
have just been considering. Let usimagine
an electric circuit haying 20 arc lamps in
series, that is, one after the other, and let us
assume further that this dynamo furnishes a
pressure of 1,000 volts and a current of IU
amperes. Now, neglecting the resistance of
the wire, we can easily figure from Ohm's
law the electrical resistance of each lamp,
thus: O V-A 1.000-10 100 ohms.
That is, the resistance ot all the 20 lamps in
series is 100 ohms. Therefore one lamp has
a resistance ot 100-20 6 ohms. If each
lamp has 5 ohms resistance we can find how
much pressure is needed to force the current
of 10 amperes through one lamp, by
"VOxA 5xl0B0 volts.
PROVING THE FIGURES.
To prove that this is correct we can 'de
termine the pressure for one lamp in the
following way: We have 1,000 yolts to
force the current throueh 20 lamps, there
fore it will take 1,000-2000 volts to force
the same current through one lamp. -The
energy required to keep the lamps burning
is 1,000x1010,000 watts and 10,000-746 will
give the energy in horse power, which is
nearly 13. It the lamps are run for ten
hours, it will require 135 horse-power hours
to do the work.
If we have a CO-watt lamp, giving, say 16
candle power under a pressure of CO yolts,
we can figure What current will be needed
to keep the lamp burning, and then, know
ing the current, we can figure the resistance
in ohms. For, if the lamp takes CO watts of
power to bring it up to caudle-power, using
the pressure of CO volts, the current Is found
fro' V-'-V -!' C" KrWV-,.7il.' TV,
current therefore is one ampere. And for the
resistance in ohms we have OV-A50-150
ohms.
MORE SIMPLE CALCULATIONS.
If on the other hand this 60-watt lamp is
so constructed that it takes 100 volts to
bring ituptolGcandlepower, we have W
VxA, that is, 60100xJ4, so that the cur
rent in this case is only naff what it was in
the other, bnt the pressure is doubled. If
we wish to figure how many SO watt lamps
can be worked with one electrical horse
power, all we have to do is to divide the
number of watts in one horsepower by the
number of watts per lamp, thus" 746
50 nearly 15 lamps. If there is no use
ful work to be done, that is, if there are no
lamps or motors in the circuit, all the
electrical energy will be expended in heat
ing up the conductor, and this heating of
the conductor is calculated by the product
of the square of the current into the resist
ance. There is nothing hard in the above
figures, and if they are read over two or
three times, the reader will be surprised at
their simollcity, as well as pleased to know
that he can now talk intelligently on the
fundamental principles of the electric form
of energy. Scire Facias.
THE ELECTRIC WORLD.
New Systems of Telegraphy That Is a Suc
cessThe Berlin Telephone riant
Ughtlng Street Cars From Storage Bat
teries "Working Sheet Metal by Elec
tricity. IWKITTCr FOB THE DISPATCH. !
A TELEQRAPn system Is now being brought
forward In which greatly improved results are
obtained by devices and arrangements of ex
treme simplicity, both electrically and
mechanically. In this system very high speed
Is attainable, as it involves the transmission ot
the Morse code of signals by means of perfor
ations on a strip ot paper, which can be re
ceived either by chemical decomposition or ink
writers. The weak point In systems of this
class has heretofore been tha difficulty ot se
cnrlnijaccnrato perforating, while maintaining
the desired speed. The perforations, too,
have been somewhat complicated, owing to the
necessity of transmitting "double" or alternat
ing currents, which were deemed essential to
rapid transmission. In the new system the full
effect, which is designed to be produced at the
receiving end is attained indirectly by single
current transmission, which enables the per
forators to be worked as easily and rapidly as
typewriters. The record obtained is remark
ably clean and sharp, and has been produced in
a perfectly readable form at a speed of 3,000
words a minute over a low wire resistance cir
cuit of Sol miles between New York City and
"Washington.
.
Altoso new electrical processes Is that ot
M. de Merltens, which prevents fermentation
by the sterilizing of liquids. This is done by
making a Leyden jar of the containing vessel,
the liquid being the inner coating, and the
electrical effect being produced by means of
condensers. Another method, the practicabil
ity of which seems, perhaps, open to doubt,
consists in placing the vessel and the liquid to
be sterilized in the field of a permanent or
electro magnet.
The German Government, it is announced,
has consented to the establishment of a cable
communication between Heilhronn and Lauf
fen, for tho transmission of light and power,
on the condition that the minimum height of
the wires above the ground bo eight yards, the
smallest diameter of the wire being 0,26 inch,
and further, that thewlro be laid underground
through the town, and the high tension be
transformed iu a special bnilding into low ten
sion current before entering the town.
A London paper recommends theatrical en
gineers who wish to increase their knowledge
of typos of motive power, as applied to electri
cal purposes, to call and investigate the capa
bilities of an American windmill, which rears
its head above the ancient thoroughfare of City
road. The windmill is used for grinding pur
poses and the pumping of water, and it is ex
pected it will soon supply the motive power for
all the electric light needed on the premises.
.
The underground telephone communications
begun last year in the city of Berlin bare Just
been completed. This telephone plant, the
largest existing, has been so perfected that for
many years to come an unlimited development
of this important medium of communication
may be expeoted. The different sections of
cast iron pipes.each containing 23 wires, branch
off the numerous exchanges, and lead to several
connection boxes, where tbey are joined to the
overhead lines. The total lengtu of these tubes
is about 84,000 yards, 10, COO yards of which are
laid down as double set; 43.000 yards of cast
iron piping of inch to V4. inches diameter
have been supplied for them, the biggest pipes
being capable of holding W) cables. Within one
year 7.3S1 wires of about 3,700,000 yards length
have been drawn into the pipes, a large propor
tion of which are now in constant working.
.
Most people are familiar with the manner
In which, in manufactnrlng sheet metal arti
cles, the workman forms in a lathe almost any
desired shape. The electric current has now
been applied to this process. As is well known
the successful shaping of the article depends
on the malleability of the metal, and by the
new process the metal is kept constantly an
nealed. A disk of sheet metal is placed in the
lathe, and from a point near its center a cur
rent of electricity is passed to the point where
the burnisher makes contact. The conspquence
is that the maximum of malleability is se
cured, and the ease and celerity of shaping the
metal is considerably increased.
..
In the same way as the horse is being sup.
planted by the electric nfbtor for street car
traction, so gas is being superseded by tho elec
tric light as a street luminant. There are still,
however, places whero the confidence in the
new order ot things is not yet absolute. A case
of this kind has occurred In Canada. As the
electric light has been put in in a large portion
of the city of Montreal, the question arose:
"What is to be done with the disused gas lamps,
which are owned by the city? borne of the
Aldermen thought it would be a good thing to
sell them for old iron, but one of the "fathers
of the city" suggested that the lamps be put In
store, "so that the city would not be at the
mercy of the electric light company," and he
carried his point,
.'
A Western eloctrical paper points ont that
while it is highly desirable that the activity of
capitalists in building street railroads should
be encouraged, a franchise for a road Is often
of considerable value, and great care In grant
ing them should be exercised by boards of
trustees and supervisor". There are always
men without means who are ready to speculate
in franchises, as they would speculate in any
thing else, and instance have happened more
than once where improreraents were prevented
because some irresponsible person held a fran
chise and kept other out. It should be laid
down as a fixed rule, that no franchises be
granted except to parties who can prove that
they have a lezitimate claim to the possession
of what they seek.
Sohz interesting experiments were made re
cently In Bradford, England, on the lighting of
street cars by electricity. A car was
illuminated by three incandescent lamps of
Ave candle-power each. Tbey were fed from
three storage batteries placed beneath the
seati, capable of supplying current continu
ously for six hours. The light obtained Is
described as beintr about equivalent to that
given under the best conditions by the oil
lamps at present in use, with, of course, the ad
ditional advantages ot absence ot smell and
necessity for trimming.
A FACE ON A POTATO.
Remarkable Freak Grown on a Montana,
Ranch Tills Season.
Mr. T. D. Duncan has sent to the Bt.
Louis Republic a queer potato which he says
he found on his ranch in the Flat Head
Valley, Missoula county, Mont It is a
small tuber of the Early Rose variety, and
looks good enough for the table ouly that it
If t- 41
few
r.rh;Jr,te.rt" nniw'K
TRAIM& THE BODY.
Three leading Methods of Matin?
Hen Physicallj Perfect.
MB. CHECKLEI'3 K0YEL TflEOET.
How John M. Laflin Trained Fred Gehhard,
and Huldoon's Idea?.
WILL POWER IX CDEIXG 0BES1TI
rCOEBZSPOKDSXCE OT TnE DISFATCH.J
Netv York, November 1. The diverg
encies of opinion among teachers of physical
culture are at present so great that the mau
who would "train" his body is apt to be
come more and more bewildered as he in
vestigates the merits of the various systems
now in yogue.
The three men best known to New Yorkers
as trainers are Edwin Checkley, John 21.
Laflin and "William Muldoon. Superintend
ent of Police Murray and John L. Sullivan
are among the recent pupils of Muldoon.
Sir. Frederick Gebhard is Laflin's latest
subject. Mr. Checkley is now reducing the
flesh of one of Brooklyn's most prominent
i citizens, and has advanced ideas in training
so revolutionary as at once to challenge com
parisons between the results of his and
others' systems. To bear Checkley, one
would much rather not have Muldoon's or
Laflin's training as a gift. Not that Check
ley speaks disparagingly of these eminent
athletes, but because that which tbey de
clare beneficial to the body he believes posi
tively detrimental.
TEAfcflKGBV; VOLITION.
The Checkley system is founded on this
basic principle: Instead of drawing water,
punching the bag or pulling a rowing ma
chine for the purpose of making your
muscles grow and your lungs expand, by an
effort of the will restrict the contraction of
the muscles. If lilting a 50-pound weight
from the floor will cause a visible swelling
of your biceps, and so exercise that muscle
and produce what is conceded to be a de
sirable result, then by the Checkley system
one may "go through the motions," of rais
ing the weight without doing any work at
all for raising the weight would be "work"
and, by an act of volition, swell and so
exercise the same muscles and derive the
same benefits from the exercise.
Muldoon believes in work for his pupils.
Laflin prefers outdoor sports to outdoor
work and rowing machines to most other
apparatus for indoor exercise. Instead of
setting a man to raking hay he accompanies
him on long fishing, shooting, swimming or
rowing excursions.
Checkley, however, not only thinks, but
he seta others to .thinking. He exercises
his brain as well as his body, and develops
both through the very superiority of mind
over matter. If a man may stay at home
and by will power make himself as tired as
he would be at the end of a day on the hay
rake it stands to reason that a good many
men would prefer the Cheekier system. It
appeals to the curiosity above all others.
MTJBBAT, StTLtrVAX AND GEBHAED.
A day of Mnrray under the Muldoon
regime was, iu a few words, as follows: Ex
ercise with light dumb-bells; "firing"
staffed balls across the room and catching
them when "fired" back; pounding a block
of wood with two twelve-pound hammers,
one in each hand; a long walk, the latter
portion of it done on a run so as to heat tha
body up well; wrapping in blankets for a
sweat and a rub down; a salt shower and an
other rub down; shovelling hay all this
varied with horseback exercise and general
gymnasium work. A day of Sullivan under
the Muldoon regime was much more labor
ious and included longer and more violent
exercise in the way of running, wrestling,
punching the bag and walking.
A day with Laflin is quite different.
"Freddy" Gebhard has been with him for
some time up in tike "county working up
muscle and working oil' fat. A day of Geb
hard with Laflin up in Pike consists of this:
r.ising at 6 or 6:30; a short, brisk walk be
fore breakfast; start for the woods after
breakfast with gun and dogs, or up a trout
brcok with rod and creel, in flannel shirts,
stout walking shoes and knockabout cos
tume; a brisk run, just long enough to set
the heart pumping blood through the arteries
on the return in the evening; then a rub
down and sponge bath, and dinner or sup
per; then a little smoke and talk and bed.
Soth systems involve a good deal of hard
work.
MIND TEAIXrNG MUSCLE.
Now, that was not the way the ancient
Greeks trained for the Olympic games, the
victors in which were the favorite models
for the world's greatest sculptors. Theirs
was nn open air training, however, and
running long distances, throwing weights,
wrestling and the cactus were their favor
ite exercises. Yet Mr. Edwin Checkley
declares that given the same training our
modern athletes would greatly surpass the
Greek records. "Muscle moulding schemes,"
says Checkley, "that makes men die in
middle life may be pictorially interesting
and may sound heroic, but they are not
for that wise average mortal who wishes
simply to feel light and strong, and, if
need be, to find himself ready to enter
safely on any reasonable physical under
taking. There is more straining than train
ing in a good'many popular systems prac
ticed in and out of the college gymnasium.
What do the adherents of other systems
think of the following: "A man covered
with hard muscles will often display great
immediate power, but not endurance, and
of after health he can have little chance.
His muscles feed upon his vitality and
threaten his general health. On the other
hand, a man who keeps bis musculax sys
tem in a state of comparative softness and
high flexibility cannot only summon great
strength, but Iii3 powers of endurance are
surprising. He is easily kept in training."
Checkley recommends that girls and boys
shonld as soon as possible and first of all
learn thoroughly how to breathe, stoop,
stand, walk and sit properly; the proper
uses of the joints, as the shoulder, hip, neck,
etc. "Teach them tumbling, both girls as
well as boys," says he. "There is nothing
better. I advise generally a mixed diet."
Of the various athletic sports, Mr. Check
ley expresses this opinion: "I leak upon
tumbling as the acme of physical perfec
tion, because the person so fortunate as to
possess thi3 ability yon will notice is gen
erally strong, agile and intelligent; the very
nature of the movements must make him
quick, self-reliant and to a certain extent
courageous.
GET STRENGTH FIRST.
"Bicycling, boxing, fencing, dancing and
running are all good, bnt what I claim is
that the power to enter any of these sports
should be gained first It is rather in the
conservation of energy we gain strenzth
and not in the expenditure of force. The
power to do these things should be mads
the effect and not the cause."
Mr. Checkley, who can lift 1,C00 pounds,
two-thirds of the work in that feat being
done, he says, by the will, prides himselt
specially on his cure for adiposity. This is
wnat ne says oi nis cure: "I first teach the
person how to carry the body, then how to
gain the control of the muscles of the ab
domen mentally. A proper.carriage of the
body is a positive enemy to the secretion of
fat. A man may box and fence
and even walk without losing his ter
rible abdominal accumulation. But if be
centers his efforts at muscular exertion on
the abdomen itself, the fat cannot stand the
attack and will gradually disappear. To
get rid of it muscular control of the abdo
men must be regained. "When once it has
been lost this is no easy matter."
To attain this result Checkley prescribes
12 exercises, and adds, "persistently subdue
.the abdomen and give the prominence to the
chest. Walk with the whole body, and do
not move as il afraid of jarring some inter
nal machinery. Give the hips free play,
and in walking the more of this the better.
Practice contraction ot the waist muscles.
In this way a continuous training, the only
training that is effectual, is kept up -ud
the rttult will be Itacaediat a-d 1-'' "
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