f
p
"' THIRD PART.
jffiT - - .
SIATESMEIMI JULY.
i. Glimpse of Congress When the Mer
cury is 'Trying to Climb Out
of Its Glass Tube.
SPEAKER TOM REED'S GAUDY BELT.
j Amusing Spectacle of Major McKinley Bak
ing a Speech in a Prince Albert
Without Any Test.
,?L1KKL SHIETS GEOWIKG POPULAE.
'
' the Hot Bathrooms An 21 Popular la Summer ax
3 Darin; the Winter Months.
tCOSKZEPOXDEXCE OF ?HE DISPATCH.!
"Washington, July 19.
peakek Eeed has one
of the gaudiest Bum
rner suits in Washing
ton. I saw him on
Pennsylvania avenue
this aiternoon. His
big round cannon ball
of a head was covered
with a broad-brimmed
rfm hat and his 300
pounds of bone and flesh were adorned with
a suit of lavender gray. His coat was a
cutaway, but it was unbuttoned at the front
and I noted that he had no vest to cover his
flannel shirt and that his pantaloons were
held up by a blue silk band fully one foot
vide, and necessarily at least six feet in
length. This is the fashionable Congres
sional suit for summer, and it has been
adopted br Heed, Henry Cabot Lodge and
others of the Eastern Congressmen. About
one half of the members of the House now
appear upon the floor without vests and
dignity has gone to the winds.
A large number of the statesmen wear
flannel shirts, and Henry Cabot Lodge has
one of navy blue, and he varies that at
times with another ol a delicate lavender.
He wears a flannel shirt collar iastened to
the shirt and his coat is also a blue flannel.
His pantaloons are light, and a deep blue
silk band holds them in place. Below the
bottom of his pantaloons show out russet
shoes and he looks more readr for a foot race
or a camping-out expedition than for speech
making. SPINOLA'S CHANGE OP COLLABS.
General Spinola sticks to his big white
collar, but he wilts five every day and
spends one-rourth of his time in rushing
into the cloak-rooms to change them. He
has the same blue suit that he wore in the
winter, but he wears his vest unbuttoned,
and during the last few davs the perspira
tion has run off of him in streams. He does
not seem to mind it, however, and he man
ages to get along without the use of a fan.
Dockerv, of Missouri, always his a fan in
his hand, and he always looks hot Amos
Cummines has been in a parboiled state,
and, though he works right along, he can
not stand the heat. His summer suit is of
gray and his handsome face is shaded as he
waits upon the avenue by a tall white plug
hat.
Stewart, of Yermont, is a symphony in
rellow. His coat is a delicate chrome. His
shoes are the brightest of golden morrocco,
his necktie is of Jersey-cream, and he wears
a vest which has a yellow tinge. All of his
clothes are of some cotton or silk goods, and
his Ballow complexion and sandy beard
ehine out of tbem as though they were
touched up by an artist to be a part of the
vellow whole. Even "Bise-TJp William
Springer has shed his vest, but he pounds
the air just as earnestly as though the ther
mometer was at zero, and he is ready to
make a speech whenever h e can catch the
Speaker's eve. He has roses in his button
hole notwithstanding his negligee dress,
and he frequently gets an admiring glance
from the galleries.
A MISSOUBI OUTFIT.
One of the brightest and brainiest of the
Young men of the House is Frank, of Mis
souri. He came out the other day in a light
black silk coat, a white vest and black shoes,
with the brightest yellow of uppers. McKin
leymade one of his biggest speechesthe
other day without a vest. He wore a Prince
The Speaker's Sath.
Albert coat and this was thrown open at
the Iroat and bis big expanse ol white shirt
fchowed out with all tbe gloss of the Chinese
laundry. When he raised his bands toward
tbe ceiling in emphatic gesture, the little
round tag that is fastened to the end of the
bosom to hold it in place popped out and
stood straight at right angles with the bosom
and just over the center button of the black
band of his pantaloons. As he enforced
period a ter period with emphatic gestures,
, this little white sign kept bobbing up and
down, and McKinley, who is usually as cool
as the center seed of a cucumber, grew
warmer and warmer. His collar began to
weaken, and the soft parts of bis shirt clung
to his body, making his well starched bosom
stand alone.
I have seen other statesmen who have
spoken under similar circumstances, and it
is tbe general conclnsion among the mem
bers that the flannel-shirtcd statesmen are
the best off. Among the handsomest of
these are Breckinridge, of Kentucky, who
has doffed his statesman black and has
clothed his big rame in a pepper and salt
gray suit He does not wear a vest, and
"his flannel Bhirt is of the most delicate
cream. Bound the collar of this he ties a
nobby blue scarf, and upon the lapel of his
".cost be wears a bright buttonhole bouquet
'of L Trance roses.
'-rlCTUBEEQUE AND HANDSOME MEN.
rJoseph G. Cannon, of Illinois, makes all
.ibis speeches in a gray cutaway suit He
,worK himself into a sweat whenever he
speak?, and he has no summer gestures. He
has changed hiR standing collar for a turn
over, and he wilts thisevtry time he takes
the floor. General Banks wears a white
(tiuck vest and a snit ol black goods of lk'ht
weight. He covers his handsome white
head with a black slouch hat, and his neck
tie is a black ribbon, which he ties himself.
General Buny Lee, the son of the great Con-
federate General, wears a gray suit, Tom
Bsyne, of Pittsburg, bobs around in a 535
Scotch tweed, and General Tracy, of New
York, has a gray basinets suit, a boiled
shirt and no vest. Ben Butterworth looks
like a preacher in his white tie.
Bising Sun Morse, of Massachusetts, the
man who makes the stove polish, has a coat
of a bombazine which shines as though it
had been polished at his own factory, and
his big frame is bonnd around with a white
vest. Judge "Wickham, of Ohio, has mar
ried winter to summer, and sticks to his
black wiuter suit, having put on a yellow
cloth vest for appearance sake. O'DonneH,
ol Michigan, always looks cool, and his
white silk necktie makes him cooler than
ever. McComas, of Maryland, is a bru
nette, and he is the handsomest black
haired, bright-eyed young man in Congress.
His light summer suit sets off his beauty,
and his snowy shirt and white necktie makes
him look as though he bad just jumped out
of a band box.
Che general appearance of the House is
far different now than in the winter. In
stead of men in stalely black you have all of
the different sorts of suits above mentioned,
and a number of instances have been known
of members-taking oil their coats and work
ing awav at their desks in their shirt
sleeves. " And still the Capitol is the
coolest place in Washington, and is one of
the coolest places in the country. Thousands
o dollars have been spent in order to make
it so, and the same power that is used to
cool Congress would run a vast manufactur
ing establishment There is a tunnel which
extends rom the foot of Pennsylvania ave
nue up through the grounds into the base
ment of the Capitol, and there are two great
forcing fans over 12 feet in diameter which
draw in a current of fresh air and send it
into the Houses of Congress. This air is
passed through a fountain in order to cool
it, and it loses some of its heat in its under
ground passage. Another tunnel is talked
of, and in tbis4:ase the air will be brought
from a great distance, and will con
sequently be cooler. The en
gineer of the Capitol thinks that
the air ought to be passed over ice, and he
sends a good part of the air through the
heating pipes in warm weather in order to
cool it There are more than.three miles of
(hac. ninH 111 til Cftmtol. the lllOSt of
f which are under ground, and the air by
racing aronnd through tbem gets cooled oil.
In addition to these arrangements there are
fans to take the bad air out of the Capitol,
and the ceiling of each of the Houses of
Congress is perforated in order that tbe bad
air may escape. The most careful means are
taken to render the Congressmen comforta
ble, and one of the instruments which the
engineer has is one to test the humidity of
A HOT DAT IN
the-atmosphere. This is tested by a single
human hair. Human hair absorbs moisture
like a rope, and it becomes shorter when
wet This hair is six inches long, and it is
laid on a dial. The hand or pointer of the
dial moves backward or forward as the
moisture in the hair varies, and in this way
tbe air can be perfectly regulated.
The bathrooms of tbe Capitol have never
been more patronized than they are now.
Fiity members of the lower House take two
baths daily, and nearly every Congressman
gets his tub at Uncle Sam's expense dnring
the hot weather. Ben LeFevre, of Ohio,
used to spend about hall his time in tbe
bathtub during tbe summer, and he was
one of the few Congressmen who got fat on the
Bussian bath. There are nine bathtubs in
the basement tinder the House, and each
bathroom is as big as the ordinary hotel bed
room. The tubs are immense, and Tom
Beed or George Barnes, or any of the fattest
men in Congress can roll about in tbem
without grazing their elbows or their knees.
Some of these tubs are of marble, and in
one of them Beagait was bathing when be
was called up to vote on the Morrison bill.
He came op in a blanket, and like the bed
bug, got there just the same.
THE EFFECT OF A BATH.
Some members take a bath just before
speaking. It makes one feel like a new
man and when they get on the floor instead
of leeling hot and tired they start off as
fresh as a daisy. A number of the mem
bers like tbe Bussian bath and even in these
hot July days you will find some of the
greatest men of the country dressed in
nothing but a towel sitting in the steam
room and drinking cold water until the
perspiration runs down their cheeks and off
their backs in rivulets. From time to time
some of them will go off and take a plunge
and then come back to sweat again. Alter
they have been well rubbed down and
sprayed off with cold water they come out
at peace with themselves and all tbe world.
Not a few of them bring their constitu
ents here to bathe, and the Senators as a rule
are inlly as fond of the public baths as the
members of the House. In tbe Supreme
Court basement there is a sort of an electric
bath, which, it is said, will almost make a
dead man think and which is resorted to by
such members of Congress and the Judi
ciary who are very tired from over-work
and over-drink the night before and who
want to put themselves in immediate trim.
Speaking ot the Senate, tbe members of our
so-called House ol Lords are quite as undig
nified in their dress as tbe Representatives.
A large number ol them wear no vests at all
and I saw "Zeb" Vance this afternoon
walking through the chamber with great
heads of pearly sweat standing on his hand
some forehead. He was fanning himself
violently and a vast expanse of boiled shirt
showed out between the frocks ot his light
gray business suit He had evidently come
to the Capitol in a hurry for his shirt was
SOAKED WITH FEESPIRATION
and it clung to his person. Piatt, of
Connecticut, is another vestlcss Senator.
Vance and Piatt are about the same height,
bnt Vance weighs 250 pounds and Piatt
weighs 125. He is as thin as a rail, and his
six feet at bone and skin look longer and
thinner than ever in his summer" attire.
Another tall thin anatomy is Ingalls, and
he and Eugene Hale, ot Maine, have evi
dently bought theirsumuer suits in partner
ship." They have the same cloth, and as
thev sit side by side tbey are dressed enough
alike to be brothers. Scuator Ingalls is a
good deal of a dude. He has been called
the best dressed man in the Senate, and in
the winter he wears the most costly of heavy
goods, and always has a red necktie sticking
oat of his coat breastpocket. He now wears
a double-breasted frock coat of light gray.
THE PITTSBURG DISPATCH.
It has enough material in it for an overcoat,
and it corresponds with the remainder of
the snit He wears a white necktie instead
of his red one, and his long thin neckis
clasped around by a standing collar as white
as tne driven snow.
The Vice President looks cool and pleas
ant in a business suit of light brown. He
is never hot, and he does not allow himself
to appear otherwise than smiling. Stewart,
the millionaire, looks like a farmer. He
has a suit of navy blue flannel and his straw
hat cost about $L
SHEBIIAN'3 -WHITE PANAMA.
Senator Blair is another straw hatted
Senator, and John Sherman has a white
Panama which he bought in Cnba a few
vearsago. He has a gray business suit cut
very much like that of Ingalls, and he looks
JVbt Afraid of Boi Baths.
not unlike a wealthy Southern planter in
his seashore dress. Blair looks more like a
Vermont farmer, and his snit is black and
of light .weight Senator Payne sticks to
his black Prince Albert winter clothes, and
though he walks out to the Capitol he is as
cold as ice cream. He has not enough flesh
to get warm if he wanted to, and he believes
in eujoying life and enjoys it. One of the
coolest looking Senators is Bntler, of South
Carolina, who is the white haired Adonis of
THE SENATE.
the Democratic side of the chamber. He
has a skin as fresh as that of a baby's, and
there is not enough hair on the top ol his
head to make his brain hot. He wears a
business suit and a white vest with a
lavender necktie. He keeps the sun from
his bead by a white straw hat, and usually
carries an umbrella.
Philetus Sawyer has thrown off his collar
as well as his necktie. He has a winter
neck and his short, fat Irame is pasted to bis
big strong face by only a wafer. The result
is his collars last only a few minutes, and he
would, I doubt not, throw off his coat if he
dared. When he is at home, in Wisconsin,
he likes to work about his saw mills in his
shirt sleeves. He is worth, it is said, about
$5,000,000, and he has thousands ot acres of
pine lands. Not long ago an Eastern
merchants who wanted to mate a deal with
him, was told he was at one of his sawmills.
The man followed the directions and went
to the saw mill, and seeing a little fat old
man with a bald head and a big nose in his
shirt sleeves working among the machinery
he accosted him ratherly roughly and asked
him several questions.
"The latold man in shirt sleeves answered
him and the man said he wanted to see Sen
ator Bawyer.
feofited'bt the mistake.
"All right," said the fat man, "tell me
your busiuess."
"But I don't want to talk to you," said
the man. "I want to see your chief. Where
is the Senator?"
Senator Sawyer then disclosed his iden
tity to tbe man's great surprise and made a
bargain with him based on the conversation
which the man had bad with him when he
thought he was a workman. The result was
that the Senator made a small fortune by
the man's mistake.
Senator Cush Davis wears the cleanest
and prettiest white silk necktie in the Sen
ate. His linen is always Iresh and his com
plexion is clear. He is not averse to hot
weatber and his clothes are always in good
order for his wife buys tbem for hiaiandshe
watches as carefully over his wardrobe as
over her own. Senator Davis' summer
drink is a glass of iced milk, one of which'
he always takes just before he goes to bed.
Father Dawes, of Massachusetts, wears a
black silk coat and a linen vest Senator
Spooner has come out in summer pantaloons
of light lavender. Paddock, of Nebraska,
wears a white vest, Manderson has a navy
blue suit, George Vest is clad in yellow and
Casey, oi Dakota, looks cool in black. All
of the Senators have changed their clothes
and I am told that if the thermometer
rises another degree a number will appear
in flannel shirts.
Fbank G. Caepenteb.
DEATH TODER FIHGEE KAILS.
Narsca Often Carry Dancerona Micro
Organisms Unawares.
There are medical reasons why the finger
nails should be kept clean. This is shown
in a paper read by Dr. Joseph Kinyoun, of
the United States Marine Hospital, before
the American Medical Association, in which
he described some investigations in regard
to the presence of micro-organism in finger
nail dirt In "one case he examined the
hands of nurses at the hour when they were
dressing, the wounds of patients, and found
that only two were not infested with pus
micro-organisms. Continuing the search,
he ound that, these organisms were after
ward conveyed to utensils, furniture and
bandages handled by the nurse.
"Many a poor woman's death warrant has
been carried to her under the finger nail ot
a nurse," he declared.
1 3
PITTSBURG, SUNDAY,
A TOUR OF ENGLAND
Will Cost Dearly if One Implicitly
Trusts the Guide Books.
MEMORIES OF NORTHUMBERLAND.
The North of England Coal Miner Fares
Folly as Wei as Ours.
EESOLTS IK C0-0PEBATIYE BT0EES
ITBOM JL ETAJT COBEESFOHDIXT.I
Newcastle on Ttne, July 10. Noth
ing is more surprising to an American in
England than to meet so many people from
the United States. A short visit to this
conntry soon shows that the travelof human
beings between America and here must be
enormous. In some parts of Central Lon
don Americans haye fall sway, and in
every large English city . they are to be
found in great force. As a result, I re
ceived numerous invitations to celebrate the
"Glorious Fourth." But what I want to
point out is that, as the visitors from
America increase so do the number of
"Guide books." I wish to say a few words
on this point, knowing full well whereof I
speak.
The number of "Tourist Guides" now in
circulation throughout England is very
large indeed, and at'first sight one would
think that almost every man, woman and
-t.:i J .1. - TTJ.- J TTi 1 . 1-
uuuumine unueu axuiguuiii wcreeA-ircuici
solicitous for the earthly and eternal welfare
of the man from the land of Stars and
Stripes. The first impression one gets from
the "Guides" in guestion is that something
like Guardian Angels will hover over one's
path from end to end of tbe British Isles.
The lact is, however, that these "Guides"
are just the things, in the majority of in
stances, to lead visitors to places where hosts
are, metaphorically speaking, waiting to
bleed them to death. We may depend on
the fact that wherever we go by the advice
of a "Guide Book" there are many people
waiting for us, Tbey know all about us
and in a short time we discover that the
difficulty of finding out places of historic
interest is not half so great as getting clear
of these leeches.
NOT ENTIBELY -WOETHLESS.
Mark, I'm not going to Bay that the
"guides" are entirely worthless; but I do
contend that Americans who visit England
depend too much upon them, and, as a re
sult, the thousands of Americans who come
here annually unnecessarily throw away
thousands of dollars and do not see the most
interesting parts of England. The latter
statement may seem strong, but there is
truth in it. For instance, how many ox
these "guides" tell us of the quaint and his
toric county of Northumberland? I have
failed to see one, and I contend that every
American who visits England without taking
a short tour through the county named
misses one of the most interesting features
of the trans-Atlantic journey. 'Taking every
thing into consideration there is not a county
or shire in England that abounds more in
matters of the most historic interest than
does Northumberland. The numerous cas
tles that have withstood the ravages of time
for 900, 1,000 and LlOO years tell the stories
of the bloody conflicts between the Scotch
and English from beiore the time of Wal
lace until the two countries were made one.
Of course, Northumberland is'the county
adjoining Scotland and a trip along the
border line will repay anybody. It was
near the borders that the famons battle ot
Flodden was fought; the battlefield is not
far from Berwick and the traditions that yet
are found among the natives regarding that
battle are very amusing, indeed. I met one
old man who, in speaking of the battle of
Flodden Field, said: "Yis, man, blud ran
doon that field for ite (8) days and grass
hes nut grown on it since."
The battle field is naturally barren and
it is tbe earnest belief of the natives who
reside near it that its fertility was ruined by
Providence as a consequence ot the battle.
THE DAYS OF FREEBOOTINO.
But the castles located on either side of
the Kiver Tweed, tbe dividing line, also re
mind us oi the freebooting days when the
English used to steal the Scotch cattle and
seek shelter in the English castles, and of
course the Scots acted similarly when oppor
tunity afforded. There is not space here to
even attempt to go into details on these
features. I am only mentioning them, feel
ing assured that thousands of newspaper
readers who visit England will be interested
in what I say. Old castles in Northumber
land are numerous, and each one has glories
aisociated with it that we would never tire
of listening to. And in tbe villages which
surround these castles there is no designing
method of filching from the visitor his
money; mostly because the places are not
mentioned in the guide books and the sharks
have not been apprised of the visitor's com
ing. At the village inn, over a pot of ale,
the entire history of the particular castle
can be learned.
Northumberland also contains the Roman
wall, bnilt soon after Julius Coisar con
quered tbe ancient Britons. The wall com
mences in the city where I am now writing
and extends many miles. It was intended
to circumvent the county by it, and light in
the interior of the county is located a Gipsy
tribe. Those Gipsies have been there for
generations and the name of their town is
Yaik. Some strange and true stories are
told ,of them. They still have their King
or Queen.
THE HOME OF GRACE DABLING.
But Northumberland is also the home of
Grace Darling. Everybody has heard of
Grace Darling. The place where she lived,
North Sunderland, is located only a few
miles from the main line which runs between
England and Scotland. I visited Noith
Sunderland, bnt tbe weather was too inclem
ent to go out to the Fame Island and see the
island irom which the famous heroine
started in a little fishing boat to rescne the
shipwrecked sailors. North Sunderland in
a little old-fasbioned fishing village and tbe
islands are only a short distance from shore.
George Darliugj a brother of Grace,
still lives. He is more than 70 years old,
and was younger than his sister. The
sturdy old man delights to tell the story of
his sister's noble performance when she, ac
companied by her father, leit the light
bouse and faced the tempestuous billows on
a life-saving errand. The old-fashioned
folks of North Sunderland are proud of
Grace Darling, and their pride caunot be
too great It is a lovely seaside village,
North Sunderland, and nobody will regret
visiting it
Three or four miles, perhaps, from North
Sunderland is located Holy Island. It is
only about a mile or two from land, but
probably is one of tbe quaintest and most
historic places in the United Kingdom. It
was famous in history in the fourth and
fi th centuries, and in those early times was
known as Landisfarne. It was on this isl
and that the first monks tbat appeared in
Britian located, and the ruins ol their mon
asteries stand on the island to-day. We can
learn much about it iu St. Bede's history,
and that ancient divine made his abode on
the island, and if I mistake uot, his history
was written there 1,300 or 1,400 yeurs ago.
THEY DON'T BLEED THE TOURIST.
The monastic ruins are instructive to see.
Theisland is only six or seven miles in cir
cumference, but there is plenty accommoda
tion for visitors. Of course, there are no
grand hotels, because, singularly enough,
the "guides" don't advise tourists to go
there, which is all the better, for those who
have the good fortune to drop over to this
strangelittle island. But there are numer
ous old-fashioned inns on the island, and
there is no desire to squeeze the last shilling
from the visitor. An excellent supper, bed
and breakfast can be obtained for 75 cents
or$l.
-But what rhave been talkipg about re-,
JULY 20, 1890.
lates almost enterely to the north part of
Northumberland, where superstition is very
powerful and where tradition has great
sway, and where we can see so much to link
the present directly'with the past of nearly
1,800 years ago. I now intend to ssy a few
words about the more modern part of North
umberland, and what I will say on this
point will have direct' connection with the
industrial affairs of both the United States
and England. The southern section of
Northumberland is almost entirely made up
of coal mines, and that coal region is known
as one of the foremost in the world. I
think I will be able to show that in all
things the Northumberland miners stand
ahead of all other miners, in the world.
This may seem a strong statement
in view of the fact that not long ago a cer
tain writer visited England and subse
quently declared to tbe world that the
English coal miners in social and moral af
fairs were not far removed from the hog.
What I am going to say is regardless of
either free trade or protection.
THE COAL DIGOEB AT HOME.
First, I will deal with tbe Northumbrian
coal digger at home, that is, when he is out
of the mine. He has comforts and avenues
to intelligence that an American coal digger
never sees and even may not dream of. I
have examined carefally'into tbe conditions
of each and I know that I have just slated a
fact At home tbe Northumberland miner
has a splendid house and garden free. The
houses are generally built ot brick or stone
and have from three to five and six rooms.
The gardens are large enough to grow suffi
cient vegetables for the house and the miner
generally "feeds his own bacon" and rears
bis own poultry. These conditions, that is,
all that I have just mentioned, are not to be
found in the United States, and it is of very
great importance to have bouse and coal
free. But every colliery village is laid out
admirably and has a lecture hall and read
ing room, besides three or four churches or
chapels.
Now the proprietors of these mines have
paid the lion's share of money in building
these institutions. As a rule the reading
rooms and lecture halls have entirely been
built by tbe mine owners. The churches or
chapels have been erected jointly. These
reading rooms are well patronized, and this
accounts for tbe remarkable degree of intel
ligence there is to be .ound among the
North of England miners. I use the term
North of England because what I say
of Northumberland miners applies to
the miners of Durham county, the
neighboring county. In many colliery
villages there are excellent debating socie
ties and musical organizations, and the
hours of labor are short enough to allow all
these things to be well patronized.
THE CO-OPERATIVE STORES.
But the crowning glory, I might say, of
these sturdy coal miners are the results of
their co-operative efforts. In every village
they have their "co-operative store,"
founded and managed by themselves, and in
the two Counties named I am under the
mark when I say there are 400 mining vil
lages, some of them in net being large
towns. The managerial work of these stores
is free, and the skill of management dis
played would o'ten surprise the heads of the
biggest concerns in the world. Current
prices are paid, and at the end of each
quarter the profits are divided among the
members in proportion to their purchases
during the quarter. Some stores hardly
ever fail to pay 20 per cent profit. I
was informed that the store at Cambois
was seldom short of that figure. At any
rate, a 10 per cent dividend is deemed very
small. The members can either withdraw
their dividend or let it remain and the
latter is generally done. As a result, the
miners not only have these stores, but they
have thousands of pounds gained by the
profits invested in them. Here is a very
significant lesson for the workmen of
America. I could say much regarding
these stores, would space permit, but I
think sufficient has been said to prove the
intelligence of the miner and the power of
co-operation.
The North of England miner is ont of the
house about eight hours when at work; that
time includes his going to and coming from
his work. He, therefore, may work about
seven hours per day.' The rules are rigid on
this point. He earns from 5 to 8 shillings
per day and in saying this I am taking the
lowest estimate; that means Si 25 or $2 per
day. This seems small when compared with
the wages of some mining districts in the
United States, and this great difference has
given rise to almost all the talk in America
about the starvation wages of the English
miner. I am not going into details regarding
the comparative value of the wages of English
and American miners, but I say this that
the Northumberland miner lives just as
well and has more social comfort than has
the average miner of any mining district I
know of in the United States. I judge
things by results and the results prove
what I say to be true.
A LIBERALLY SUPPLIED TABLE.
It is also nonsense for writers to scribble
away about English miners living on un
buffered bread and salt herring. I stayed a
day or two with some last week, and I'have
seen no working men of any vocation with
a better supplied table before them. And
there was no special preparation. -Certainly,
tbe miner in question works hard, just as
hard as he can, but at home he has rest and
comfort.
There are other important features of his
life. If be receives an injury while at work
the' employers pay him a certain sum per
week as long as lie is unable to work. He
also receives another weekly allowance from
theTeimanent Belief Fund, to which the
employers voluntarily contribute one-fourth
of the subscriptions. These allowances,
together with the free houses, gardens and
coals, are something that weigh heavy in the
balance when weighing or estimating the
comparative worth of the English and
American wages. Altogether I think it
can easily be seen that, tree trade or no free
trade, matters are not as bad in England as
we in America are sometimes led to believe.
The truth is that were 1 digging coal I
would prefer to dig in Northumberland to
anywhere else.
Of course it will be noted in what I have
written that the mine owners have done
much to improve matters. This is quite
true, and many people fear that tbe leaders
of the North England miners will ruin this
good work by asking for law to force the
owners to still do more.
John D. Peingle.
IBVIHG AS MAHOMET.
Tbe Actor Contemplate Bringing tbe Groat
Chnrncter Oat on tbe Stage.
Fall .Mall Budget.
It has been rnmored during the last day
or two that Mr. Henry Irving had deter
mined to create the part of Mahomet in' a
play founded on that nf M. Henri de Bor
nier. There is, we understand, a grain of
truth in this rumor. The fact3 are not yet
ripe for public reference, but we are in a
position to state that, though Mr. Irving
had never the very slightest intention of
producing M. Henri de Bornier's play at
the Lyceum, or any play founded upon it
be bought the English rights of it, partly as
an act of courtesy, and partly to hold con
trol of the subject.
We understand, further, that some time
ago he commissioned an Eastern play from
a well-known English novelist and drama
tist This plav, which is not in any sense
whatever an adaptation of M. de Boruier'n
play, bnt an entirely original work, in all
its essentials quite different, is now nearly
written und ready, and report speaks of it
iu very warm terms.
Kirklna Reduced to a science.
Kansas City Star.l
Luther Challis gave four lots to the coun
ty for a Court House at Atchison, and now
the County Commissioners are kicking be
cause he did not give eight. There is not a
place in Kansas where kicking has been
reduced to a science as it has in Atchison.
HOT WEATHER TALK.
Spots Where Over High Tempera
lures Would Seem Cold "Waves.
THERMOMETERS WAY UP TO 190.
At Aden it Bains Once in Foar Tears and
Every Drop is Hoarded.
BLASTS THAT WITHER AUSTRALIA
rwaiTTIN TOB THE DISPATCH.
When weary mankind swelters in the
stifling summer beat and refuses to be com
forted by tbe predictions of the Signal Service
they may find relief iu the thought that men
have to live in places which, after all, are
much hotter even than Chicago in the latter
days of June. By comparison they may
imagine themselves almost cool, and, if
their imagination is sufficiently vivid, it re
sults in a measure of comfort independent
of the readings of the thermometer.
Hottest of all torrid spots upon the sum
mer earth is Aden, at tbe mouth of the Bed
Sea, where tbe English Government main
tains a coal pile for its navy and a force of
soldiers to watch the pile, lest it be set afire
by jealous powers. They lead the life of
lonely salamanders upon their isolated
rock, with a view of almost boiling sea in
one direction, with wide stretches of baked
sand in the other, and behind them rugged
ranges of mountain, dry and red, where no
green thing is ever seen to grow. No matter
whence the wind may blow, it-brings no
moisture to the Straits of Bab el Mandeb
even dew is a rare phenomenon", for the
clouds which appear in the sky at sunset
serve as blankets to make the night stagnant
with heat more unendurable than the blaz
ing sun by day.
BAIN ONCE IN FOUR YEARS.
About once in four years the thermometer
registers as low as 90 in the coolest part of
the day just before sunrise; the lowest point
of ordinary nights is fully 5 warmer. But
with the sun returns the heat; bour by hour
the mercury in the thermometer emulates
tbe course of the sun in the sky; it climbs
higher and higher and brings more discom
fort to suffering humanity. Shortly after
midday it reaches its highest notch, which
it maintains until nearly sunset, and it is
never lower than 115, and frequently
travels many degree higher yet, and has
been known to register 135 in the shade.
It rains on this blistered military post
about once in three years and that is the sole
water supply, for there are no springs, and
well borings tap nothing but seams of eter
nal drought. As much else in Arabia King
Solomon is credited with the responsibility
for the Aden reservoirs,.and, to this day,
tbey are caljed King Solomon's well, Here
is collected the water of the triennial shower
and, by economical use, it may be made to
last until the rain comes again.
DIVING IN THE SEA FOE WATEB.
Bad as is the case at the southwest corner
of Arabia, it is even worse at the southeast
angle, where lie the Bahrein Islands, just
off tbe coast of Oman. It is almost as hot
here as at Aden, and there is tbe additional
discomfort that it never rains at all. Dates
grow upon the islands and provide food for
the population; for their drinking water
they are forced to seek it in the sea, which
is the last place where one would expect to
find fresh water. Strange as it may seem,
not a drop of water is drunk by the Bahrein
Islanders which harnot been brougbt from
the bottom of the sea. Springs exist at a
deyth of several fathoms, and the only way
of getting a drirjk is to dive for it. Water
bearers go down with empty skins and
bring them up full to peddle the precious
contents.
It is not within the tropics that one finds
the maximum heat, nor is the heat of the
torrid zone so insupportable as summer
extremes in more temperate zonea. If the
rocent hot spell in Chicago had occurred in
the Java seas it would probably have de
populated the archipelago with cholera yet
the average heat of the Maylayan Islands is
more than 80. The cause is not far to
seek; the people are accustomed to a climate
of moderate range and do not have to
exhaust their vitality in supporting great
cold for a large portion of the year. Their
systems grow used to a certain amount of
heat and their mode of living is conformed
to tbat standard.
NO WATEB IN AUSTRALIA.
Australia is probably the hottest of the
temperate lands inhabited by white races,
and it is at the same time almost the driest
excluding snch absolute deserts as a large
portion of the Pacific coast ot .South Amer
ican. From tbe time when its summer be
gins, in September, until the coming of win
ter in July, the earth gives up all its moist
ure, almost the largest bodies of water dry
up, the air is dry and day by day the sun
sends down ever fiercer beams. Adelaide,
which is upon the south shore of the conti
nent, finds 115 no unusual temperatnre for
Christmas, and an additional 10 scarcely
calls for comment in the journals. Not con
tent with the appalling state of. the ther
mometer in the shade, they expose it to the
sun and find to their dismay a temperature
of anywhere from 150 to 190.
Sheep and cattle die, yet men manage to
live, and, despite the torrid heat, neverbave
ice. The nearest approach to a cooling
drink is water from canvas bags, which is
cooled by constant evaporation. Taere is
an interesting comparison America uses
ice water and suffers sunstroke: Australia,
with much greater heat, knows neither sun
stroke nor ice water.
DEPENDS ON HOW YOU TAKE IT.
There is fully 30 degrees difference be
tween the mean temperature oi most oi the
United States and India, this country aver
aging about ou degrees and most ol Uin
dostan being above 80 degrees. Thus the
Anglo-Indian is a well recognized type of
humanity with his testy temper and im
paired liver, for which the excessive tem
Eerature is held responsible. Yet itispossi
le that the heat a ter all is not so much to
blame; no one looks upon a Dutch-Indian
as a well-recognized type of manhood; he
has no liver and no temper to afford torment
to bis family and torture to his friends, but
great merriment noon the stage, yet the
average temperature of the Dutch East
Indies is considerably above that of Hin
dustan. The difference is all in the way in which
one takes the heat The English "griffin"
makes no concessions to Indian life. The
Dutchman renounces Holland and all its
works from the instant he steps ashore at
Batauia. The time-honored divisions of tbe
day are overturned to suit the new order of
climate. Broad daylight is the time for
sleep. The twilight of morning and even
ing are the time for work when there is cool
ness abroad. William Churchill.
A HEAD OF EXTEA LENGTH.
Oregau'a Governor Itrfuse- to be a Victim of
n Put Up Job.
Anaconda, Mont., Standard.
Governor Pennoyer, of Oregon, must be
accredited with the poscssion of a head of
extra length. He has declined an invita
tion to umpire a game of baseball between
the lawyers and real estate men of Portland.
The scheme was doubtless a trap which the
crafty and unprincipled Republicans of
Oregon had set for his Excellency. Tbe
Governor's popularity is altogether too
firmly established to suit thim. and, having
tried every other means of snaking it, his
political enemies are at last 'resorting to the
most desperate and outrageous methods con
ceivable ot putting him in a bole. The ac
complished Chief Magistrate of Oregon was
sharp enough to perceive the pit that had
been dug and gracefully kept out of it
Governor feunoyer's sagacity merits tbe
respefiitul consideration of mankind, v
Jl THE END Of
A STORY OF LIFE IN INDIA DURING THE HEATED TERM.
"WRITTEN FOR THE DISPATCH.
,BY RUDYAED KIPLING,
The Young Author Who in One Short Year Has Made Himself the
Sensation of the Literary World.
Four men, theoretically entitled to "life,
liberty and tbe pursuit of happiness," sat at
a table playing wbist Tbe thermometer
marked for them 101 degrees of heat. The
room was darkened till it was only just
possible to distinguish the pips of the cards
and the very white faces of tbe players. A
tattered, rotten punkah of whitewashed
calico was puddling tbe hot air and whin
ing dolefully at each stroke. Outside lay
gloom of a November day in London.
There was neither sky, sun nor horizon
nothing but a brown purple haze of heat.
It was as though the earth were dying of
apoplexy.
From time to time clouds of tawny dust
rose from the ground without wind or warn
ing, flung themselves tableclothwise among
the tops of tbe parched trees and came down
again. Then a whirlwind dust-devil would
scutter across tbe plains for a couple of
miles, break and fall outward, though there
was nothing to check its flight save a long,
low line of piled railway sleepers white
with the dust, a cluster of huts made of
mud, condemned rails and canvas, and the
one squat four-roomed bungalow that be
longed to tbe assistant engineer in charge
of a section of thCGandhari State line then
under construction.
The four men, stripped to the thinnest of
sleeping suit, played wbist crossly, with
wrknglings as to leads and returns. It was
not the best kind of wbist, but they had
taken some trouble to arrive at it Mottram,
ot the Indian survey, had ridden 30 and
railed 100 miles from his lonely post in the
hummil's thick, muffled
desert since the previous night; Lowndes, of
the civil service, on special duty in the
political department, had come so far to
escape for an instant the miserable intrignes
of an impoverished native State.whoseKing
alternately fawned and blustered for more
money from the pitiful revenues contributed
by hard wrung peasants and despairing
camel breeders; Spurstow, the doctor of the
line, had left. a cholera-stricken camp of
coolies to look after itself for 48 hours while
he associated with white men once more.
Hummil, the assistant engineer, iras the
host. He stood fast and received his friends
thus every Sunday if they could come in.
When one of them tailed to appear, he
would send a telegram to-his last address, in
older that he might know whether the de
faulter was dead or alive. There be very
many places in tbe East where it is not
good or kind to let your acquaintance drop
out of sight even for one short week.
DBY PLAY AND BYPLAY.
The players w?re not conscious of any
special regard for each other. They squab
bled whenever they met; but they ardently
desired to meet, as men without water desire
to drink. They were lonely folk who under
stood the dread meaning of loneliness. Tbey
were all under 30 years of age which is too
soon for any man to possess that knowl
edge. "Pllsener," said Spurstow, after the
second rubber, mopping his forehead.
"Beer's out, I'm sorry to say, and there's
hardlr enough soda water for to-night,"
said Hummil.
"What filthy bad management!" snarled
Snurstow."
"Can't help it. I've written and wired,
but the trains don't come through regularly
vet Last week the ice ran out, as Lowndes
knows.
"Glad I didn't come. I could ha' sent
you some if I had known, though. Pbew!
it's too hot to go on playiugbumblepuppy."
This with a savage scowl at Lowndes, who
only laughed. He was a hardened offender.
Mottram rose from the table and looked out
ol a chink in the shutters.
"What a sweet day!" said he.
The company yawned unanimously and
betook themselves to an aimless investiga
tion of all Hummil's possessions guns, tat
tered novels, saddlery, spurs and tbe like.
They had fingered tbem a score nf times be
forej but there was really nothing else to do.
'Got anything fresh?" said Lowndes.
"Last week's Gazette of India und a cut
ting trom a home paper. My father sent it
out. It's rather amusing."
"One of those vestrymen that call 'em
selves M. P.'s again, is it?" said Spurstow,
who read his newspapers when he could get
them.
"Yes. Listen to this. It's to your ad
dress, Lowndes. The man was Mnaking a
speech to his constituents and he piled it on.
Here's a sample: 'And I assert unhesita
tingly that tbe civil service in India is tbe
preserve tbe pet preserve of the aristoc
racy ot England, What does the democ
racy what do the masses get from that
country which we have step by step fraudu
lently annexed? I answer, nothing what
ever. It is rnrmed with a single eye to their
own interests by tbe scions of the aris
tocracy. They take good care to maintain
their lavish scale of incomes, to avoid or
stifle any inquiries into the nature and con
duct of 'their administration, wnile they
themselves force the unhappy peasant to
pay with the sweat of bis brow for all tbe
luxuries in which they are lapped.' "
Hummil waved the cutting above his
head. "'Ear, 'earl" said his audience.
FAOC VEESU3 FANCY.
Then Lowndes, Meditatively "I'd give-
.PAGES 17 TO 20.
THE PASSAGE J
I'd give three months' pay to have that gen
tleman spend one month with me and see
how the free and independent native prince
works thif gs. Old Timbersides" this was
his flippant title for an honored and decor
rated prince "has been wearing my life
out this week past for money. By jove,
bis latest performance was to send me one
of his women as a bribe I"
"Good for you t Did you accept it?" said
Mottram.
"No. I rather wish I had now. She was
a pretty little person, and she yarned away
to me about the horrible destitution among
the king's women folk. Tbe darlings
haven't had any new clothes for nearly a
month, and tbe old man wants to buy a new
drag from Calcutta solid silver railings
and silver lamps and trifles of that kind.
I've tried to make bim understand tbat be
has played the duce with the revenues for
the last 20 year3 and must go slow. He
can't see it."
"But he has the ancestral treasure vaults
to draw on. There must be three millions
at least iu jewels and coin under his pal
ace," said Hummil.
"Catch a native king disturbing the family
treasure! The priests forbid it except as the
last resort Old Timbersides has, added
something like a quarter of a million to the
deposit in his reign."
"Where the mischief does it all come
from?" said Mottram.
"The country. The state of the people is
enough to make you sick. I've known the
taxnien wait by a milch camel till the foal
was born and then hurry off the mother for
arrears. And what can I do? I can't get
the court clerks to give me any accounts. I
can't raise anything more than a fat smile
voice cried: YOU FOOL I
fro m the Commander-in-Chief when I find
out tbe troops are three months in arrears,
and old Timbersides begins to weep when I
speak to him. He has taken to the king's
peg heavily liqueur brandy for whisky and
Heidsieck for soda water."
"That's what the Kao of Jubela'took to.
Even a native can't last long at that,"
said Spurstow. "He'll go out."
"And a good thing, too. Then I suppose
we'll have a council of regency, and a tutor
for the young prince, and band him back
his kingdom with ten years' accumulations."
"Whereupon that young prince, having
been taught all the vices of the English,
will play ducks and drakes with tbe money
an J undo ten years' of work in 18 months.
I've seen that business before," said Spurs
tow. "I should tackle the King with a
light hand if I were you, Lowndes. They'll
hate you quite enough under any circum
stances." BLACK CHOLERA.
"That's all very well. Tbe man who
looks on can talk about tbe light hand, bnt
you can't clean a pigstye with a pen dipped
in rosewater. I know my risks; but noth
ing has happened vet. My servant's an old
Pathan, and he cooks for me. They are
hardly likely to bribe him, and I don't ac
cept food Ironfmy true friends, as they call
themselves. Ob, but it's weary workl I'd
sooner be with you, Spurstow. There's
shooting near your camp."
"Would you? I don't think it About
15 deaths a day don't incite a man to shoot
anything bnt himself. And the worst of it
is that the poor devils look at you as though
you ought to save them. Lord knows I've
tried everything. Mv last attempt was em
pirical, but it pulled an old man through.
He was brought to me apparently past hope.
and I gave him gin and Worcester sauce
with cayenne. It cured him; but I don't
recommend it."
"How do the cases run generally?" said
Hummil.
"Very simply indeed. Chlorodyne,
opium pill, chlorodyne, collapse, nitre,
bricks to the feet, and then the burning
ghat. The last seems to be the only thing
that stops tbe trouble. It's black cholera,
you know. Poor devilsl But, I will say,
little BunseeLal, my apothecary, works like
a demon. I've recommended him for pro
motion if he comes througn it all alive."
"And what are your chances, old man?"
said Mottram.
"Don't know; don't care much; but I'va
sent the letter in. What are you doing with
yourself generally?"
"Sitting under a table in the tent and
spitting on the sextant to keep it cool," said
tbe man of the survey. "Washing my eyes
to avoid ophthalmia, 'which I shall certainly
get, and trying to make a sub-surveyor
understand that an error of five degreess in
an angle isn't quite so small as it looks. I'm
altogether alone, y' know, and shall be till
the end of the hot weatber."
"Hummil's theluckyman,"said Lowndes,
flinging himself into a long chair. "He has
an actual roof torn as to the celling cloth,
but still a roof over his head. He sees one'
train daily. He can get beer and soda water
and ice it when God is good. He has books,
pictures" they were torn from tbe Graphic
"and the society of the excellent sub-contractor
Jeyins, beside the pleasure of re
ceiving us weekly."
Hummil smiled grimly. "Yes, I'm the
luckv man, I suppose. Jevins is luckier."
"How? Not n
."Yes. , Went out Last Monday."
"Jp tel" said Spurstow, quickly, hinting
the suspicion tbat was in everybody's mind.
There was no cholera near Hummil's section.
Even tvrei gives a man at least a week'-
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