THE PITTSBURG DISPATCH.
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PAGES 9 TO 16.
1 SECOND PART. T
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SUMMERIHTHEEAST
1'
(Unique Methods Adopted by the Peo
ple of the Far-Off Orient to
Keep Themselves Cool.
WICKER-TYOEK BUSTLES IN KOREA.
Luxury of the Baths and the Amusing Per
formances of the Burmese Daring
Their Water Feasts.
. MOST OF TEE WOEK DONE AFTEE SIGHT.
.DrtHmirlir n lines of Comfort an J lrealteetnre
Tilt lets the Bretxes Ttrcnch.
lconsxsroiaXcz or tite dispatch, i
"Washington, June 28. "Washington is
sweltering under a mid-summer sun. The
statesmen at the
Capitol are in
their summer
clothes, and every
manhashisrecipe
for keeping cool.
I know of a Sena
tor who takes 12
baths a -week at
the Government's
expense.and there
are 15 members of
the lower House
who wear seer
sucker coats and flannel shirts. I visited
the National Museum to-day to see the ap
pliances which the people of the tropics have
to keep themselves cool. The Korean gen
tleman has a wicker-work shirt which keeps
his clothes away from the body and acts as a
sort of ventilator, lying between his abdo
men and his gown. He has wicker cuffs
which run from his wrist to his elbow, and
which are made of the finest of stiff straw.
These keep the sleeves away from the per
son, and the Korean Embassy at "Washing
ton is the coolest of all the legations.
It is from these wicker bustles worn over
the belly that the Koreans get their reputa
tion of being such a fat race. They are fat,
but not half so fat as is supposed. It is this
wicker arrangement that increases their ap
parent avoirdupois, and as fatness in Korea
is a sign of wealth, there is no hesitancy
shown by a thin man in trying to make him
self look like the tat man in the dime mu
seum. The Korean has the lightest sum
mer hat known to the world. It is of the
sugarloaf variety, is made of horse hair.and
it weighs but a lew ounces.
60SIETHING ABOUT TANS.
The fan collection of the museum repre
sents all the countries of the East. -Even
the Sandwich Islanders have fans, and
gome oftheSonth Seamaidens hide them
elves behind a fan made of fragrant
grass, and not more than six inches in di
ameter. The ,v.lm leaf
fans of this country and
Europe are all made at
Canton in China, and the
Chinese are among the
fine fanmakers of the
world. During my trip
around the world I visited
Peking and a number of
other Chinese cities, and I
found whole streets de
voted to the sale of fans ,
and lanterns. Swatow is
a city lying on the coast
between Shanghai and
Hong Kong, which is
noted for its fine fans.
These fans are of fine pa
per stretched on a trame
which curves at the top,
and which thus produces
a sort of bow, catching the
wind and making tbem
delightfuliy coolinir. The
fan are beautifully Halay Woman.
painted, and the pictures on them are the
best exhibition of Chinese fan art
Every Japanese man and woman carries a
fan, and the fans which we get from Japan
are ot the cheapest variety. In Japan the
gentlemen usually use folding fans, and
they carry tbem in their bosoms, under their
collars or stuck into their girdle. It is the
ladies who use the flat fans, and it would be
contrary to etiquette for a man to appear on
the street with a fan that would not fold up.
Japan has its fan etiquette, and there is as
much a language of tne fan as a language
flowers. The pretty Turn Yums ol Totio
and Kiota express through fanning what
American lovers convey by kissing, for the
hot osculation of America is unknown
among the Japanese either in Jie summer
or in winter.
UNIQUE AUTOQBABH COLLECTIONS.
The Japanese have autograph fans, as we
have, and many of the young people make
fan collections containing the signatures of
their friends or verses of poetry written by
them. One of the most striking characters
of Tokio is an old fan seller. She is a
woman of about 80, who goes around with
fans and brooms and who cries her wares
from house to house.
.An important cooling recipe of the Far
East is the bath, and the hot bath is taken
by the Japanese several times a day. The
bathing is done in the public bath rooms or
in the private tub and no soap is used.
Many Japanese are
now parboiling them
selves in water raised
to 120 Fahrenheit,
and the whole family
bathes in the same
tub. There is a model
of one of these tubs at
the Kational Museum,
and the average Jap
anese bath tub is about
three feet high, oval in
shape, and it has a lit
tle turnace with a stove
pipe running up above
the top of tbe tub set
into one end of it. A
board keeps this stove
pipe from touching the
i skin, and a few mo
ments will heat the
bath to boiling. The
Japanese have lo false
modesty as to showing
of their person, and it
A Dyak of Bornto. jj not an uncommon
thing in a Japanese house to see a lady at
her bath, or if you be a guest to have one of
the servants come in and offer to rub you
down. Carter Harrison, o Chicago, was
much surprised at this during his stay in
Japan, and he scalded the flesh off of his
fat calves in jumping into the tub to get out
of the way of an almond-eyed beauty who
came in to assist him.
CUSTOM MAKES IT FBOPEB.
I know a wealthy man in "Washington
who was traveling in Janan the same time
that I was who could not get enough of
these hot baths and who made a number of
trip into the interior of the country in
order that he might have them with b11
their old Japanese flavor. In many of the
public bath houses of Japan both sexes
bathe together, and on a hot day of July or
A,uguit they splash and play with one
-'another as innocent as our parents were be
fore the fall. Iu Tokio and'the other large
elties of tbe empire the foreign influence
bts produced an order against this common
lathing of the sexes, but in the villages
-iwbero such an order hat been made all the
tpeopio care cone u to draw a string through
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the center of tho bath vat, and the women
and children are on one side, while the men
are on the other. At a famous hot springs
in the Japanese mountains I saw both sexes
hopping around together in the water,
splashing each other and enjoying the sul
phurous fumes without a thought that there
was anything indecent about their actions.
The Siamese are so near" the equator that
they have about the same hot weather the
vear around. Every man, woman and child
in Bangkok takes a plunge into the river at
least three times a day. Of the 700,000
people in the city at least 600,000 live in
floating houses, and inasmuch as the sum
mer costume of the lower clashes consists of a
garment about the size of a Turkish towel,
ft is not mnch trouble for them to go in
bathing. They bathe on the steps of their
houses and stand up to the waist in the
water, grunting delightfully as they pour
bucket alter bucketful over themselves and
their neighbors.
THE BURMESE -WATER FEAST.
. The Burmese man and woman takes a
bath every night after dinner. This bath is
is merely pouring water over the person.
Soap is never used and particular care is
taken not to wet the hair. At New Years
when the weather is as hot as our summer
these people have what they call a water
feast, and at this time the whole nation
throw water upon one another. All the
pretty girls go out with buckets, and the
boys have squirt guns, and for three days
there is nothing but water-splashing. The
foreigners of Rangoon also engage in this
and the Chinese celebrate the feast with the
rest.
OneChinaman rigged up a hydrant with
a two-inch pipe dnring the last feast, and,
as his house was on the main street, he had
the bulge on everyone else. He engaged a
coolie. to work the machine all day, and, as
he was selling water works, he had a good
advertisement in addition .to his fun. A
swell Englishman arrived in Burmah last
year during this feast. He went to call on
one of the leading men of Rangoon in a tall
silk hat and black clothes, and was met at
the door bv a girl with a bucket of water.
The girl asked him in Burmese as to
whether he was observing the water feast,
and he supposing that she wanted to know
whether he had come to see her father,
nodded his head, and with that nod this
whole bucket of water went over his silk
hat and down the back of his collar, com
pletely drenching him.
SOUSED IN A BATHTUB.
Dnring the same time another party of
Englishmen were told that some girls were
coming to throw water on them. Tnev had
the servants brine out the bathtub and put
it on the verandah, and when the girls came
one of them seized one of the maidens and
lifting ber dropped her into the tub. This
was considered veryimpolite, and the young
man who did it suffered by receiving no
further attentions from the Burmese beau
ties. Along the Ganges iu India it is1 a sacred
duty of the Hindoos to bathe once every day
and they can wash away their sins while
they are washing their bodies. I have seen
10,000 bathing at the same time,M the holy
bath steps of Benares. There is, however,
no fun about the Hindoo bath. It is all re
ligion and the bather prays during the
whole time. Both sexes bathe in the river
at the same time, but they keep their
clothes on and they do not mix together.
The finest bathhouses of India are those be
longing to the rajahs. The Mohammedans
have perhaps the finest baths ot the far
East and the Mohammedans of India spend
fortunes on their baths. The most costly
baths of all Asia were those of the Moham
medan Kings of Agra and Delhi. Iu the
great palace of Abkar a( Agra there is a
vast bathroom down under ground, the walls
of which are mosaic of many pieces of col
ored glass set with mirrors as big around as
your thumbnail. These mirrors are num
bered by the tens of thousands, and the
whole brilliantly lighted mest have been
dazzling in the spray of the fountains.
BOUGH OX THE WIVES.
Here Akbarnsed to bath with his harem
bnd he reminds me of the Khedive of
Egypt, who cooled himself by riding around
the lakes In his palace grounds, with his
fairest beauties and now and then giving
one a shove overboard to see if she could
swim. I saw at Delhi in one of the palaces
An East Indian Water Meddler.
of Shah Jehau the man who made the pea
cock throne which cost $3,000,000, a bath
room which cost a fortune. It had room
after room of marble and there were hot
pipes and cold fountains and it is Baid that
one of this man's successors, when he
suspected one of his wives to be unfaithful,
was wont to lock her up in this bath, turn on
tbe hot water and forgot all about her. The
result was that she awoke in heaven. The
Turks of Egypt and of Turkey, spend a
great part of their time in the bath, and the
Turkish bath is too well known in the
"United States to need description.
The Rajahs of India have got the art of
keeping cool down to a science. One of the
finest cities of the Far East is that of Jey
pore. It is the capital of a native State.
All of its buildings are rose-colored and
they were all built after one style of archi
tecture. The palace of the Rajah is in vast
gardens, through which rivers of water flow
in marble beds and in which the luxuriant
flowers and trees of the tropics bloom. The
harem of the Eajah of Jeypore looks out
upon this garden and its fair ladies are kept
coolly fanning mills 'turned by hand. It
takes a score of men to turn the cranks to
keep these maidens cool and man power has
much to do with the refrigerators of the
East.
MAX rOWEB IS CHEAP.
There are thousands of foreigners, Ameri
cans, English, German and 'French now at
worst in Asia and each of these does his
bookkeeping nnder the breeze or Puukab.
The Punkah is a long fan-like strip of cloth
fastened to a beam which is bung by ropes
from the ceiling over the man's head. To
the middle of this beam a rope is fastened
and this rope is put through a pulley and so
arranged that a man sitting ont of doors and
pulling at it will make the fan go backward
and forth over the bookkeeper's head. The
native pulls away all day long and most
foreigners have such a rigging put up over
their beds and keep the breezes blowing is
this way all night.
The Korean and Eit Wicker Work.
C&m
You can get a Chinaman to do this for
about 15 qents a day, and your servant in
India will work even cheaper. Now and
then your Punkah man goes to sleep, and
you notice the stoppage of the air. All you
have to do in this case is to lift up a bucket
of water and throw it out of the window. A
good drenching wakes up the Punkahwalla,
and he goes to"work again.
I have seen SO of these Punkahs at work in
a churchy while the Episcopalian minister
was reading the service, and the breeze,
added to the sermon, was decidedly soporific.
This church was at Singapore, iust 80 miles
from the equator, where tbe sun rises and
sets the same hour the year around. Here I
saw a lawn tennis match. The participants
were foreigners, the ladies dressed in linen
costume and the men in white flannel suits.
Each player had a servant to run after the
ball for him when it happened to go outside
the bounds, and they did not take a bit more
exercise than was necessary.
SLEEP IN THE DAT TIME.
The modes of exercise in the far East are
of interest to people who want to keep copl
and still maintain a healthy condition in
hot weather. Foreigners in Asia get up at
daybreak, take a good ride across the coun
trv or a walk before the sun gets np. They
take a sleep in the middle of the day and
work on into the evening. They drink a
great deal of whisky, but whether this has a
cooling influence or not I do not know. A
great part of the hard work of the East is
done at night, and this is especially so in
the great Government departments. The
King of Corea holds nil his audiences at
night and the Emperor of China takes all
his sleep in the day time. This is so with
the King of Siam and tho Sultan of Turkey
never goes to sleep until 1 o'clock in the
morning.
t The question of water in the Far East is
an imnort.int one. and the water carriers
.form one of the largest castes of India. Both
nere and in -cigypt tncy carry meir waici
in skins upon their backs, and they sell it
by the cup and by the skinful. These skin
bags are made of hog skins or goat skins,
and the ordinary skin will bold ten gallons.
"Water is worth about a cent a skin, and the
streets of Calcutta are watered by these men,
who sprinkle the water from the skin upon
the dust. In Japan the streets are kept cool
by a man who carries two buckets ol water
fastened to a pole over bis shoulders and
lets the water out through little holes iu
their bottoms. Both in Korea and in Japan
the water used for this purpose is taken from
the gutters, which form, to a large extent,
the sewers of the city, and the cooling of the
air is by no means a purification of it,
DBESSINO FOR COMFOBT.
The question of keeping cool is largely &
matter of dress. Mr. Kockhill, the Ameri
can who pushed his way into Thibet last
year, wore a Chinese costume during the
journey, and he tells me it is far cooler than
the American. All the nations of the East
dress much better in this respect than we do.
Tbe Japanese, during the summer, has
practically nothing but a cotton sown to
cover his person, and his legs are bare. If
he is a working man or one of the poorer
classes, he takes off every stitch of clothing
with the exception of a cloth around the
loins, and trusts to the tatooed marks on his
back and legs to cover his nakedness This
This mode of dressing is now prohibited in
the cities but it is not at all uncommon iu
the country, and in KinS through Japan
you see botn women and men clad in a dress
not much more extensive than that worn by
Adam and Eve in the garden.
One of the nicest old foreign ladies in
Japan during the past few years has been
the wife ot our Consul General at Yoko
hama, She came from Kentucky, and she
could not jret reconciled to this nakedness
of the people. "Whenever a Jinriksha man
attempted to take off his coat or his shirt
when he was pulling her carriage, she de
cidedlv objected, and when she first came to
Japan" I am told that she often stopped the
pretty little Jap girls on the streets and
pinned their dresses up close to the throat,
telling them that it was immodest to wear
their clothes so.
DRESS OF THE BURMESE.
The Burmese woman dresses in the finest
of silks, but her dress consists of one long
piece, which she wraps around her waist
and lets fall to her feet. This is tied at the
front, and the opening is at this place, but
the girls have from long practice acquired
a graceful kicking with the feet by which
they are enabled to keep their gowns to
gether and avoid any exposure of the per
son. They wear sacqnes, and are the bright
est and prettiest women of the East. A
greater part of the Indians, both men and
women, dress in white cotton sheets, and
the common people of Egypt wear blue cot
ton gowns.
As to children, those of the Orient wear
practically nothing. There are a great many
mosquitoes in Siam and the Siamese have a
yellow powder which they rub over the
bodies ot their children to keep off the in
sects. It turns the babies to a rich chrome
color, and under the sun makes them shine
like gold.
ORIENTAL ARCHITECTURE.
The houses of the Far East are better
adapted to the weather than ours. The
Japanese house is formed of sliding walls of
paper, so made that he cau take them out,
throw his whole home in one room or make
his house consist of a roof and a floor. His
floors are usually some distance above the
ground and there is a draught of air under
them. They are covered with matting and
are not cluttered up with furniture. None
of the Siamese houses have windows, and
those which are on the water have breezes
blowing continually throngh then. The
land houses are built high up on piles and
the same is true of the honses of Burmah.
The Egyptian honses have very thick
walls, their roofs are flat and thick and their
interiors are wonderfully cool. In most of
the Egyptian villages and cities the busi
ness is "done in the bazars, and the streets
are covered with matting, which is stretohed
from roof to roof from the house on each
side, so that the customers never get in the
sun in going from one store to another. The
bazars of Rangoon and Burmah are all
under one roof, and the vast business of
Constantinople is made up of miles of little
booths arranged in streets nnder one vast
roof. Among the coolest houses of the far
East are those of Jerusalem. The people
here live in places that look like caves, and
their houses are in the shape of caves. The
roofs are very thick and each has a little
dome built in the top of it. The roofs are
flat, and many of the people during the hot
weather bring out their beds and sleep on
the housetops. Frank G. Carpenter.
DBESS IK JAPAN.
The Flctnresqne Costume of Both Sexes
Which Mar Some Time be Lost.
Hlnstrated American.!
The Japanese dress is easily described.
A series of loose wrappings, with a gown,
Kimono, over all, is common to both sexes.
The distinguishing feature between them
lies in the "obi," or girdle, worn by the
women. It is wrapped round the waist,
and tied into a bow at the back. Though
usually worn of one subdued color, the holi
day "obi," is a very elaborate affair. The
rich embroidery which adorns it is of the
very best material that the purses of the
wearers will afford. It is really the only
part of their costume which gives them
scope for display, with the exception, per
haps, of their headdress.
The male attire is similar, in many re
spects, to that ot tbe other sex, but the
"obi" worn by men is only a narrow band,
wrapped several times round tbe waist, 'and
with no embroidery or bright colors to make
it conspicuous. -In this girdle the man will
carry Pen and i 'n a case, alsp his to
bacco pouch and pipe, and very frequently
the much caricatured fan. The national cos
tume is certainly pleasing in its simplicity,
but now European dress is rapidly being
adopted, which is a pity, as it tends a great
deal to destroy the characteristic look oi
the people.
PITTSBURG, SUNDAY, JUNE 29, 1890.
FROM FINGER TIPS
Oratory Will Flash at a Convention
in Pittsburg This Week.
BIENNIAL MEETING OP THE DEAP.
How-the Secret of Instruction Was Guarded
Seventy lears Ago.
THE WORK OF THE ELDER GALLAUDET
fwiurmrroB the dispatch.!
HIS week is to witness
a convention of a kind
unique in this city of
notable gatherings. In
this assembly no vocal
eloquence will call forth
rounds of applause, for
tongues will be at a dis
count. There will, how
ever, be no lack of dis
course or conversation.
Eloquence will flow from
- eye and face, from grace
fully moving arms and swaying forms, and
bright flashes of wit and repartee will leap
from finger tips, to be caught up by the
answering fingers, until one fully informed
of what is going on must decide that a great
deal is being said.
To-morrow the Pennsylvania Society for
the Advancement of the Deaf will hold its
biennial convention in the first Presbyterian
Church, on "Wood street, and will continue
in session until the evening of July 3. This
Thomas B. Qallaudet, Founder of the First
School for the Deaf in America.
is a society organized by the deaf for the
deaf. The programme includes papers and
addresses on tbe religions, moral, social and
industrial status of the deaf in Pennsyl
vania, of conversaziones, Boirees, a banquet,
and to wind up with a grand excursion to
Bock Point on Thursday.
LONG LOOKED FOBTVABD TO.
To say that those most interested are
filled with great expectations is a very mod
est expression of the truth. It has been the
talk lor weeks and months with the deaf
everywhere, and nowhere is the anticipation
of a good time at a higher pitch than among
the older pupils at the Edgewood Institu
tion. The burden of every letter has been,
"Please let me go to the convention," or
"Please send me money for the convention."
There will be perhaps 300 in attendance.
They will come from all parts of the States
and visitors from Ohio and New York are ex
pected. And these arebut a handrul of the
deaf mutes "in Pennsylvania. Multiply 300
by 10 and you have an approximate number
ot the deat mute population of the State.
Allegheny county alone could furnish
nearly 200 outside of the school at Edge
wood. Almost all the trades and several pro
fessions are represented among the deaf.
There are skilled employes and laborers in
rolling mills, carpenters, shoemakers, cork
cutters, dressmakers, cigar makers, chain
and hinge makers, artists and teachers,
bookkeepers and printers, engineers and
firemen, tanners, butchers, bakers, stone
cutters and iron molders, painters and glass
blowers. In fact, there is not i more thrifty
and industrious class to be found in this
great industrial center than the deaf. There
are no known tramps or idle hangers-on
among them, for they do 'not tolerate them.
LOOKING OUT FOB THEIR AGED.
Besides a free and open discussion of
every present-day interest, one great object
of the P. S. A. D. is the raising of funds to
found a home for aged and disabled deaf
mutes. New York has such a refuge for its
helpless ones, and other States Ire taking
up the good work. The sustaining of a
.Rev. Thomas Qallaudet, D. D.
home in Pennsylvania, as elsewhere, will
depend to some extent on aid from outside
the ranks of the deaf themselves, bnt they
are acting on the principle of self-help first
being tbe best kind of help. That they will
succeed there is no doubt, for other projects
have been carried through with great energy
and perseverance. Last year the Gallaudet
statue at Washington, D. 0., was unveiled
to tbe proud and admiring deaf mute world.
It cost (12,000, and the money was raised
by the deaf alone. Of this amount $2,000
was turnished bj the Pennsylvania society.
The western third of the State gave more
than $700.
It is expected that several prominent per
sons from abroad will be present to aid in
making the exercises of the convention in
this city interesting. Amons these are the
Bev. Thomas Gallaudet, the son of Dr.
Thomos Hopkins Gallaudet, the first teacher
and the founder of deaf mute instruction in
America; Prof. Amos Draper, of the
National Deaf Mute College, of "Washing
ton, D. 0., Prof. AL.K Cronter, Princi
pal of the Pennsylvania Institution for the
Deaf, at Philadelphia; the Be v. A. W.
Mann and Bev. J. H. Cloud, deaf mute
clergymen.
.UNFORTUNATES LONG NEGLECTED.
Perhaps nowhere can be found a more
patent evidence that the world moves than
in the wonderfully changed condition of the
deaf since the .beginning of the present cent
ury. "With the strong desire of the Puritan
fathers for universal education, no attempt
was made to reach the mind of the deaf
mute, because there was no known method
by which he could be instructed. The ratio
of the deaf to the general population is
about 1 to 1,(500, and was probably never
less. Here we have a constantly increasing
number from earliest colonial times, shut
out from all tbe boasted educational advan
tages. Harvard bad celebrated one centen
nial and was nearly ready for another; Yale
and "William and Mary were each stalwart
adults well advanced in their second hun
dred years, and less pretentious schools were
springing up all over the country long be
$
1 Up
fore the first organized effort was made to
teach the deaf on American soil.
It remained for the century that has
brought about such wonderful changes in
the material world to take up this great
work and to carry it forward to its present
unlooked-for magnitude. Moreover, it was
appropriate that a school for the deaf
should have been one of the beneficent out
growths o. that "era of good feeling" and of
universal prosperitv which came in with the
election of James Monroe as President.
CLOSELY-GUARDED SECRET.
Here and there a deaf mute had been sent
to Europe to be educated, but the instruc
tion of this class even there had just passed
the experimental period, and few Ameri
cans could afford to send their children
abroad. But one person in America held
the secret of imparting instruction to the
deaf. He was a Scotchman named Braid
wood, who had come to Virginia as a pri
vate tutor in a family.having several deaf
mute children. Braidwood was under
bonds not to reveal the secret, for it was a
monopoly which, to the old Edinburgh
family of Braidwoods, had been for many
years tne goose of the golden egg. It went
sorely Against the American pride to ac
knowledge that any class of her citizens
must go abroad for the merest rudiments of
an education. To this feeling was due the
first effort to found a school tor the deaf in
America. Even when the enterprise was
set on loot it became necessary for someon
to go to Europe for instruction in the de
tails of such a peculiar work. A number of
influential and philanthropic gentlemen of
iiarttord, (Jonn., among wnom Ur. Mason
Cogswell was most directly interested, on
account of having a deaf daughter, took
action by raising funds to defray the ex
penses of a proper person to go to the Eu
ropean schools to obtain the needed informa
tion. THE FIRST GALLAUDET.
The one who was chosen for this mission
was Bev. Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet, "a
great-grandson of the great-granddaughter
of the Eev. Thomas Hooker," the founder
of Hartford and the pastor of ife first
church. Earlv in 1815, Mr. Gallaudet went
to London. He spent four months in En
gland and Scotland in fruitless efforts, for
he lacked the "golden key to the golden
door," which the Braidwoods refused to
open to him. Fortunately in London he
met the Abbe Sicard, the successor to tbe
great De l'Epee, the founder of the French
system of instruction, and the inventor of
many of the signs now in use in the Amer
ican schools for the deaf. Sicard's invita
tion to Gallaudet to visit his famous school
in Paris was gladly accepted, and to this
circumstance is dne the fact that the
French system rather than the English has
been universally adopted in America.
After an absence of 15 months Gallaudet
returned to Hartford, accompanied by
Laurent Clerc, one of the Abbi Sicard's
representative pupils, and began the work
with which bis name will always be closely
allied. In 1816 tbe Legislature of Con
necticut appropriated $5,000, which, in ad
dition to other funds raised by Mr. Gal
laudet on his return from Europe, enabled
him to open his school April 15, 1817. Mr.
Gallaudet was put in charge as principal.
PHENOMENAL GROWTH SINCE.
The school steadily grew, and two years
later Congress made a grant of a township
of land to it, the sale of which yielded a
fund of $300,000. This gve the institution
Edward 31. Gallaudet, PA. X)., LL. D.
a great impetus, and encouraged the estab
lishment of other schools. New York and
Pennsylvania opened schools in 1818 and 1820
respectively. The Hartford school was
chartered as the American Asylum, the
name which it bears to this day, much to
the distaste of its managers, teachers and
students, for it is not an asylum, but a school
ot very high order. From this begiuning,
in less than three-quarters of a century, the
number of schools for the deaf in America
has crown to the number of 69, with an at
tendance of more than 8.000. Several of
these are larger than tho parent school, but
none of them excel her in the high grade of
school work done.
, Tbe name of Gallaudet is held in the
greatest reverence by tbe deaf throughout
the land, it is perpetuated also in the lov-.
ing. devotion of his two sons, one having
given his life to the religious welfare of the
deaf in New York City, and the other hav
ing turned his superior talents to higher
education, as the President of the National
Deaf Mute College.
LlNNJEUS P.OBEBTS.
A ONE-WHEELED BUGGY.
Tbe Novel Vehicle an Atlnnta Fhyilclan
Proposes to Hldo In.
The Atlanta Journal publishes a descrip.
tionofwhatit describes as "the queerest
looking vehicle that ever came from the
carriage maker's hand." It is tho property
of Dr. Thurmond and will cost him about
$500. The doctor believes in having things
just like he wants them, and he went to a
carriage builder who drew a plan
like a large wheelbarrow with a
The One-Wheeled Buggy.
canopy top, and a gentleman who saw the
picture said it was just the thing, if the
horse could be found to work with his head
toward the buggy and tail at the ends of the
shaft, so that he could be led by the man
sitting inside, thus pushing the buggy in
stead of pulling it.
The plan pleased the doctor and he ordered
the"vehiclo made. It wasfinished last week,
and a wonderful lookinz affair it was. It
was 19 feet long from the big velocipede
wheel behind to the end of the shafts in
front
Dr. Thurmond carried it home and gave
it a trial. It, worked all right, except that
there was too much of a twisty motion
about it, and the doctor decided to add tiro
little wheels to the front of the vehicle, two
very little wheels. They do not work like
ordinary buggy wheels, but they wortc on a
pivot like the rollers on a center table. If
the horse turns to tbe right the little wheels
will flop quickly to the right, while the biar
wheel behind turns slowly and majestically
in the same direction. The only harness to
be used on the horse is the wooden collar
and a very wide bellyband to which the
shafts will be fastened.
Not flinch IlorU
Lady I heard you had a fire here and are
selling goods at a bargain?
Butcher That'g right, ma'am. Look at
those fine hams for 14 cents a pound, only
slightly damaged by smoke I
TERRAPIN IN PLENTY
When the Precions Little Animals
Have Been Domesticated.
A SUCCESSFUL FARM IN ALABAMA.
The, Stock Supplied by Hunters With Dog
Trained to the Trail.
PEICES IN THE YAEI0US MARKETS
IWBITTIK POn TIIE DISPATCH. 1
It is a remarkable fact that nearly all
restaurants of any pretensions, everywhere
in the .United States, regularly announce
terrapin soup ou their bills ot fare, whereas,
in'poiut of fact, there are very few places,
even in the largest cities, where the genuine
article is served.
There are several cognate animals, but
only one terrapin, properly so called some
times designated "diamond backs" and
sometimes merely terrapin; the two terms
being used interch&ngable. Gophers are of
the general form of terrapin; but are large,
coarse and rough in appearance; .and they
are caught on elevated land. They
construct their habitations by dig
ging holes in the ground,
sometimes to the depth of 50 feet. They
subsist on grass and plants found in the
woods. In weight they run from 25 to 50
pounds. Mobilian turtles sometimes
called striped heads live in fresh water,
and they likewise grow so large as to weigh
50 pounds. Theu there is a soft-shell turtle,
caught also in fresh water, which is regarded
as very fine in its flavor, when properly
served. They often weigh from 50 to 60
pounds. Beside there is the sea tnrtle, or
loggerhead, which abounds in th'e Gulf ot
Mexico and attains the enormous weight of
700 or 800 pounds. This species is exceed
ingly prolific. It is not unusual to find
from 400 to 600 eggs deposited in one place
by a single turtle.
THE TEBBAPIN THE SMALLEST OF ALL.
The terrapin is the smallest of all the va
rious kinds of turtle, but it is so high-priced
as only to find its way to the most fashion
able restaurants. In common with other
kinds of the turtle family, terrapin propa
gate by making a hole in tbe sand with
their feet and depositing their eggs therein;
then filling up the hole and leaving the
eggs to be hatched by the sun. There are
three or four terrapin farms in the United
States. Bv far the largest of these is located
at Cedar Point, Ala. Cedar Point is in the
extreme south end of Mobile county, bor
dering on the Mississippi Sound, 30 miles
from the oity of Mobile, and two miles nortn
of the Gulf of Mexico, within a stone's
throw of the famous oyster reefs of Mobile
Bay, where oysters are caught during tbe
winter and shipped to all parts of the United
States.
The owner of this farm is Mr. M. Dorlon.
He has now on the farm 20,000 diamond
backs, running in size from four ounces up
to four pounds. The farm consists ot a plot
of ground containing several acres, and sur
rounded on all sides by a board fence.
Throughout the space there are ditches or
canals cut and embankments thrown up.
These embankments are covered with fine
Bhells or sand, or both Intermingled, upon
which the terrapin sun themselves.' The
canals are filled at intervals with fresh
water from the sound, let in and out by
means of underground channels or sewers
leading to the bay, allowing the tide water
to rise and fall at will, thns keeping the
water in the canals Iresh and pure at all
times.
HUNTING THE LITTLE ANIMALS.
The farmis stocked by experienced hunt
ers. They have a fine and ample range, for
terrapin are caught along the shores ot Dau
phin Island, Cat Island, Marsh Island,
Grand Bay and the Louisiana coast, and as
far as the Galveston beach, but it requires
expert hunting to come up with the animals
sought. And in order to succeed the hunt
ers must have dogs which have been trained
not merely to track terrapin, but to disre
gard every other sort of trail. And the
hunting has to be seasonable. During the
months of May and June, and dnring apart
of July, terrapin crawl out to deposit their
eggs,and to that endgo some distance into the
grass. The dog strikes the trail, and if it is
fresh, he soon finds the game. He gives
notice of his success by yelping, and the
hunter hastens to the spot in confident ex
pectation of a prize.
He carries with him a large sack. Into
this he thrusts the terrapin, one by one as
they are found, until the sack is filled or
the hunter has as many as he is able to
carry sometimes as many as 25 or 30. These
are taken to the store of Mr. Dorlon, where
they command $3 60 per dozen. From 2 to
2i. months are thus occupied, and each
hunter can easily make from $3 to $5 per
day during that time.
EDUCATED IN CAPTITITT.
The terrapin, thus caught and placed on
the farm, are fed with crabs and fish which
are caught along the shores ot Cedar Point,
and being cut into small pieces are dis
tributed in the canals and ravenously de
voured. They seem to possess the power of
mental associations, for they become so ac
customed to the sound made by the cutting
up of the fish and crabs that if one makes a
similar noise by striking on the fence, he
will see probably 4,000 or 6,000 heads above
the water making for the locality of the
noise.
The market season lasts from the 1st of
October until the 10th of May. During the
remaining portion of the year, there is no
market for the products of the farm. They
are packed In boxes holding about 30.
These boxes are strapped with iron ties, and
are shipped to New York, Washington,
Philadelphia and Norfolk, Va. The prices
range from $12 to $18 per dozen, the average
weight being about four pounds eacb; mak
ing the flesh, including the shell, come at
the rate of from 25 to 37 cents per pound
thus taking its place in the foremost'rank
of luxuries.
Tbe terrapin hibernate themselves in
winter, eating nothing, but burrowing and
hiding themselves in tbe mud. They do
not go deep, however, and many nre some
times taken out of the same "hole." The
terrapin, being long-lived perhaps attain
ing the age of a hundred years their
growth is corresponding slow. The writer
understands that the marketable age, when
they have )aken on a weight of about four
pounds, is about five or six years.
Frank L. "Wells.
MOITEY FOB MOODY.
ThoEvancellst Oelt 950,000 by a Friend's
Will nnd Will Soon Spend If.
From the Boston Globe.
Dwight L. Moody, the evangelist, is very
popular in hisnative town of Nortbfield.
When he works he does so with his whole
strength, and when he plays he keeps up
with the boys. The side he joins always
wins the tug of war in the athleticsports at
Mt. Hermon. He is always particularly
polite to the poorer people and gives them
much sensible advice.
Speaking of Moody reminds me that by
the will of D. M. Weston, the sugar man,
who died recently, the great evangelist re
ceives $50,000 for himself and $30,000 is
bequeathed to the girls' seminary. But
those who know Mr. Moody are sure tbe
$50,000 will find its way into another school
building, which is much needed at North
field. '
Cheap Eroded.
Customer Did you say 10 cents?
Barber Is that too much for a share?
Customer Hot at all. It would have cost
me $50 to have a surgeon do that amount of
catting.
gjjjjSgfj 1DMR ?f .
THE STORY OF THE DOCTOR AND THE DETECTIVE.
WBITTEN FOB THE DISPATCH
-BY-
3DIR,. PHILIP 'WOOLF,
Author of "Who is Guilty?"
SYNOPSIS OK PREVIOUS CHAPTERS.
Or. Brandt Is a physician who has sought rest at the seashore. In the hotel near
his cottage lives Mrs. Amelia Glaye, an eccentric widow, who makes him her physician.
Her charming daughter, Bertba, has engaged herself to Cyril Durand. who has squandered
most of hU fortune, and has promised to wed another woman, who elinzs closely to Dim. One
night tbe doctor hears a shriek, lie sees a tall figure In overcoat or cloak slinking away, and
discovers the bodv of a young woman stabbed to the heart. Taking from tbe body a breastpin
and ring, he runs for belp. Returning, he finds the body gone, with eridanca that It had baea
thrown into tbe sea. A piece of shoe was found there. Two servants enter a deserted cabin.
Instantly their torches are dashed to tbe ground, and a tall figure vanishes In the darkness. In
the cabin a diamond earring is found. The body had only plain gold earrings. Just before retir
ing that night the doctor is summoned by lone Grande, Mrs. Olaye's maid, who savs her mis
tress is very nervous and wretched. She tells the doctor Mrs. Glare went out walking in tba
evening alone and came back with her dress and hands torn by briars and a diamond earring
missing. Arriving, the doctor, to bis surprise, finds Mrs. Glaye more calm than he had ever
seen her. She resents the visit, says she has no need for the physician, and trtats the briar
scratches and loss of the earring as Jokes. Next day Detective Fox starts to work on tbe case,
securing many clews in which are mixed up the names of Mrs. Glaye. her daughter. Bertha;
Cyril Durand, Otto Morton and a mysterious Ella Constant. Finally be calls on Mrs. Glaye,
confessing tbe object ot his vIMU She tells him Bertha Is an adoptsd daughter. Tears ago sua
loved a man named Glaye in Europe. He had a rich rival. They met and Glaye was killed.
Later the rich man died, leaving all bis property to his love providing she wonld marry. She
had promised Glaye to remain sinrle and took bis name en his death. Now sbo bad exhausted
all her own money and loved Cyril Durand. She was bnt S3 vears old. Beside, she denies being:
out on the fatal night. The scratches ou bar hand she says she cannot account for. She Informs
the detective she Is being robbed, and from a false opening In her favorite cbalr takes a llttla
Iron safe, the combination of which she thinks no one bat berselt could know. Jewelry and.
then papers she bad missed. Tne detective inquires about a daggsr In the secret opening. She
says she keeps it for its history. Next the detective goes to Durand's room and finds he has
taken to flight. Bits of lettersfrom Ella Constant be finds In the was'e basket. Fox then stop
with Dr. Brandt and discovers secret meetings between him and lone. Mrs. Glaye's maid. Tbey
have a mutual understanding that "goldenrod means tranquility, asters dancer."
CHAPTEB YIL
Miss Grand hesitated for a moment as if
fearful she was going too far. Not to give
her time for reflection, I continued:
"I will not ask you to betray any confi
dence, but you are an observing yonng lady
whose.opinion would be very useful to me.
May I ask, then, from what you have seen
of Mr. Durand, would you imagine him
capable of committing a crime?"
"Twenty I" she said, with queenly scorn.
"Even murder?"
"Worse, if that were possible. I base my
opinion," she said, with her sunny smile,
"on his treatment of the yonng lady ho de
serted." "You have heard the story?"
"It is babbled everywhere in this place,
and has ceased to be news."
"Did you know the young lady?"
"She was a school companion of mine, and j
THE DETECTIVE SECUBE3 THE LITTLE DAOOEB.
I heard some of the details from her own
lips."
"She loved Durand?"
"To the last fiber of her sonl. He was all
the world to her, and if she had not died his
cruelty would have broken her heartl"
"She clung to him like a very foolish
woman, if vou will pardon my frankness."
"She loved" him and she hated him, and she
was a woman," this with a shrug of the
dainty shoulders, "I will not judge her."
"She pursued him with great resolution?"
"She was jealous, and I know she had
cause for it. Had she killed him she would
have been justified even by the most rigid
judge."
"The unfortunate creature should have
possessed a portion of your courage," I said,
noticing the little clenched fists, the flushed
cheeks and the flashing eyes.
"I am a woman," she answered, with in
creased scorn, "and perhaps in her place I
would have acted no more wisely than she.
Let us hope the wretched woman is at rest,
it such women as she can rest even in
death."
"You think he had a reason to kill her?"
"A man's reason weariness of a toy I Lf
you ask for facts I only Enow this: Ths
woman was poor and the man looked for
richer game. He had promised to marry
her: he blinded her with hypocritical tender
ness, and at the same time was basely pay
in? his attention to a woman almost double
his age. Poor creaturel She, too, was sin
cere, and when she discovered his donble
dealing I believe her heart broke. She, at
least, is blameless."
"xon reter to Airs, liiayer"
"I refer to that wretched lady. "Whatever
people may say, her worst crime was jeal
ousy. Do not waste your time suspecting
her," Detective Fox," she said, with great
... -r . l 3 T U
earnestness, ior j. snow ner, auu j. wouiu
stake my life on ber innocence."
"You are a warm friend," I said, with In
voluntary admiration in my voice and face.
"I have no right to call mvself her friend.
and so my opinion is entirely disinterested."
"But, if she is innocent, why did she make
that mysterious night visit, and why was a
fragment of one ot her garments discovered
on the blackberry bushes where the body
was found?"
"I am not wise, but I believe all may be
explained by jealousy. Say she heard that
the heartless man Durand intended to meet
the woman whom he swore he had cast off
forever. She went in search of him, and if
she killed him I would nothave blamed her.
It does not follow that she was in the neigh
borhood of the blackberry bnshes at the
time of the crime. I would not believe it,
for one, it 20 Cyril Durands swore to it."
"At least, there can be no doubt of his
guilt. He has run away."
"It was the best thing he could do," she
said with fine contempt, yet with a sigh that
I interpreted as one ot relief. The scoundrel
Durand had evidently made au impression
on her proud heart, despite her scornl But,
as she said, she was a woman and women
are built that way!
"I promise you. Miss Grande, that by the
end of the week, if he is alive, he will be in
jail. I think I know of a means by which
he can be tempted into the talons of the law.
Your poor friend shall be avenged, never
f.rl"
"Will she be the happier for it?" she'
asked, with a sich. "Supposing she were
conscious, what consolation were revengo to
her. If she is in heaven I think she carries'
her ulcerated wound with her. Bevenge Is
good, but it is only salt to a parched mouth.
I think it is better to forget even if one can
not forgive. It is avoiding a thorn to clutch
nettlesl Do you still insist on seeing Mrs.
Glave?"
"I will not wake her from her sleep." I
answered, sincerely admiring tbis brave lit
tle maiden, and deciding then and there)
that my doubts of her were an insult to all
honest women. She was a little trump, and
I parted with her determined to avenge her
friend as much for her sake as my own.
Passing in the open air I paused to gaze up
at her window, hoping to catch a glimpse of
her pretty face. Instead of this I caught a
glimpse of her pretty white hand, which,
moved the spray of golden rod from the lit
tle vase in the window and substitute a big;
bunch of wild asters in its placet
Now, see herel My enemies charge ma
with being impulsive; and among my in
feriors among the force they call me m
"brass-buttoned weathercock I" But this Is)
a case in point; what was I to think of the
strange action of the pretty lone Grande?
Staring up at her window I could not per
suade myself that she was less innocent than
I imagined her to be; yet the little wretch
dabbled in signals with the bald-headed,
spectacled Dr. Brandt.
"Asters, dangerl"
That was a pretty plain hint leveled
against me. But danger from what? Inx
what way could the doctor and the artful x
little lone suffer from my investigations?
The more I grappled with the subject, ths
more important this question became. If it
did not relate to themurder, it was a mystery,
and a mystery is a nightmare to me until I
solve it, I determined to keep a close watch,
on the doctor, and for this purpose to snatch,
a few hours from sleep every night.
At this point I will set down here the in
formation I received later in the day from
Policeman Grope,whom,among other things,
I had sent to the city to find out facts con
nected with the murdered woman, Ella Con
stant, Following my directions, he found
withont difficulty the house in which the)
unfortunate woman had resided, and the)
tacts he discovered proved, if future proof
were needed, that Ella Constant and ths
dead woman were identical. My agent vis
ited other honses in which Ella had resided,
and that in all these places tbegirl was spoken
of most favorablv. She worked then at arti
ficial flower making, and, when She was not
at her place ST business, she was home in
her room, reading or writing, receiving no
visitors, and with uo eccentricity that the)
most critical could point at. However, in
her last boarding honse. all this was)
changed; the once placid Ella was excitable,
rarely at home, always impatient of re
straint; prone to hysterical tears and laugh
ter; sad always, and the recipient ot many
letters, to receive which seemed to be hey
principal object in visiting the house in
which she had a room. On the morning of
the day on which she was murdered sha
came for a moment to the house, and a ser
vant, who was playing' the part of spy out
side her door, heard her groan and sob: "t
am rninedl I am ruined! My heart la
Drocenr
The servant peeped throngh the keyhola
and saw Ella kneeling by the bed in an at
titude of despair. The landlady, hearing of
these facts, faced Miss Constant as she was
leaving the house for the last time asked
her what ailed her. Miss Constant was in
a hysterical mood, and with sobs and
laughter, said:
"If you ever see me again, Mrs. Vort (the)
landlady's name), you may congratulate!
me, for to-night I shall win happiness or
death."
The landlady, under the plea of sym
pathy, plied her with qnestiona, bnt only
received vague answers, all pointing, how
ever, in one direction, and all summed up
in the words that on the night in question
(the night of the murder) Miss Constant waa
to mttt somebody who would bring her hap
piness or death.
"I have dressed in my best attire to meet
him," said the poor girl, "donned all my
cheap jewels and finery. This is a new
gray dress, Mrs. Tort, and if he will not
love me in it, I will goad him into making
it my shroud."
To the pronoun "he" she refused to add a,
proper noun; she was vague, incoherent,
excited, nervous and expectant.
"If I am happy," she said by way of eoai
'1
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