..IS
3
If OF LABOR.
A. Timely Letter From the Pen
of Cardinal Manning.
TWO KINDS OF CAPITAL.
If They Can't Ride Side by Side They
Must Walk Together.
THE PRIVILEGE OP OKGAKIZING
rwsxmx roa this sisrxicaA
Fart I
Great Britain has a larger mercantile ma
rine than all the other maritime power of
the world pnt together. Whereas the mer
cantile marine of all the other powers
reaches 6,600,000 tons, the mercantile ma
rine of Great Britain reaches 6,900,000.
"What is the cause of all the enormous de
velopment of wealth? Some may say It Is
capital. I say there is something besides
capital; there is skilL Some may say it Is
skill. I say there is something before skill;
there is labor, and we trace it up to labor
strictly. The first agency and factor of this
great commercial wealth, and therefore of
the greatness of onr country in this respect,
is labor. In a book published first about
the year 1830, called the "Results of Ma
chinery," and afterward published under
the title of "Capital and Labor," is to be
found this sentence: "In the aim morning
oi society labor was up and stirring before
capital was awake." There is no doubt of
this, and, therefore, I may affirm that labor
is the origin of all onr greatness.
I will not try to define labor, but will
describe it to be the honest exertion of the
powers of our mind and of our body for our
own good and for the good of our neighbor.
Z say honest, for I do not account any labor
St
Cardinal Alarming.
whic i is not honest, which is superficial,
tricky, and untrusty, as worthy of the name
of labor. I call it exertion, because unless
a man puts forth his powers, and puts them
forth to the fall, it is not worthy of the
name of labor. "Unless he puts forth his
Dowers honestly for his own good, I call it
his destruction; and if he does not put them
forth for his own good, and also for the good
of his neighbor, I call it selfishness. I
think, therefore, that my description is a
just one; it is the honest exertion of the
sowers of the mind and body for our own
good and for the good of our neighbor.
BRAIN TOBKEKS ABB LABORERS.
And here I mnst put in a plea,in ptssins.
for the exertion of the powers oi the mind,
and I shall be safe in saying that those vrho
exert the powers of the nund and of the
"brain are true laborers. They may never
have wielded an ax, they may never have
guided a locomotive, and they may never
have driven a spade in the ground, hut I
will maintain they are true laborers worthy
of the name.
We will now come to what we call for the
present bodily labor. I may Bay tb.attb.is
bodily labor is in one sense the origin of
everything, though it is clear that mind
mind mnst precede it. In these days, per
naps, men are inclined to depreciate mere
strength without skill, because our labor is
become half skilled and fully skilled, and
our industry is becoming scientific. Never
theless, in the mere labor of the body there
is a true dignity. The man who puts forth
the powers of the body, and that honestly,
for his own good and the good of his neigh
bor, is living a high and worthy life, and
that because it is his state in the world. It
is the lot in which we are placed, and any
man who fulfills the lot of his existence is in
a state of dignity. The condition on which
we obtain everything in the world has al
ways more or less of labor.
Now there is no limit as yet ascertained to
the fertility of the earth. "We are told that
in the time of King John the productiveness
of the soil of England was about one-fourth
as compared with the productiveness of the
soil all over the face of England at this
time, and as about one-fifth compared with
the productiveness of the soil round about
London. "What makes the difference? Labor,
drill, capital, science and the advancement
of agriculture. This calculation shows that
we have been steadily advancing in the pro
ductiveness of our soil and have never
reached its limit
POSSIBILITIES OF DEVELOPMENT.
Labor may be only in the dawn of its
work; and if England has developed itself
by its labor, as 1 began by saying, to so vast
an extent, do not let us for a moment imag
ine that we have reached the limit ot what
may be done by the advancement of that
labor. I am old enough to recollect when
the political economists of England startled
us by a statement that there did not exist in
England enough coal under the earth to last
for more than S00 years. It seemed to me
even then that our nerves might stand the
announcement Nevertheless, it is clear that
we never yet have ascertained what is the
limit of the coal mines in England. I do
sot know that any man can make even a
probable conjecture.
But not only is labor the law of our state,
it is also the law of our development It is
the law of the development of mind and
body. But further than this, labor is the
condition of invention. Between the intel
ligence and the hand there is a correspond
ence so delicate, so minute, that it bears one
of the strongest evidences of the wisdom of
our Maker. The versatility of the mind in
its operations can never be measured; never
theless the flexibility of the hand is such
that it corresponds with the versatility of
the mind. The man who in the dim mora
ine of society made a flint knife, had a hard
labor to execute works of skill. The man
who, succeeding him, had aNShefneld blade,
could do perhaps a thousand operations
which the flint knife could not accomplish.
THE MULTIPLIClrr OF MACHINEBY.
"We have now happily come to a period
when our whole population, agricultural
and manufacturing, recognize that the ad
vancement and multiplication of machinery
is the greatest aid in creating labor. In
order to give the simplest proof of this, I
will mention one or two facts which may rot
be familiar to some who bear me. Until
the other day they were not familiar to mj
Belf. First of all, in the last century, inven
tions followed ore another in rapid suc
cession. As you are well aware, in 1743 the
fly shuttle was invented; in 1769 the son of
the inventor constructed what is called the
drop box. in 1767 came the sninnine iennv.
in 1769 the water frame, in 1779 the two
were combined into the mule, in 1813 the
power loom followed, in 1765 the J steam en
gine had been completed, on loUHteam was
DIGJfi
sglL ISA
I r
applied to ships, and in 1824 it was applied
to railroads. That is to say, taking onlv
one line of invention, tat which applies to
the manufacture of cotton and wool this
extraordinary advancement in machinery
was attained in 22 years. Then the power
of locomotion by land and sea was added. -Now
what was the effect of this? At first
sight it might have been supposed that it
would have thrown out of employment a
vast number of. hands.
M. Say, the French political economist,
in his complete "Course of Political Econ
omy," states, upon the authority of an En
glish manufacturer of 60 years' experience,
that in ten years after the introduction of
the machines, the people employed in the
trade, spinners and weavers, weremore than
40 times as many as when the spinning was
done by hand.
TBUE CAPITAL OF THE COUHXBY.
According to a calculation made in 1625,
it appears that the power of 20,000 horses
was employed ia the spinning of cotton, and
that the power of each horse yielded, with
the aid of machinery, as much yarn as 1,066
persons could produce by hand. But if this
calculation be correct and there is no reason
to doubt it, the spinning machinery of Lan
cashire alone produced in 1825 as much
yarn as would have required 21,302,000 per
sons to produce with the distaff and spindle.
The Egyptians, according to Herodotus
hated the memory of the Kings who built
the pyramids, and he tells us that the Great
Pyramid occupied 100,000 men for 20 years
in its erection. Now it has been calculated
that the steam engines of England, worked
by 30,000 men, would raise the same quan
tity of stones from the quarry and elevate
them to the same height as the Great Pyra
mid in 18 hours. If this be so, it seems to
be a proof that while labor has been ad
vancing, skill has been developing, inven
tion has been increasing, and the creation of
every kind of capital has been augmented
beyond anything we could have conceived.
So that there has been a perpetual accumu
lation of muscular power, of mental power,
of manual power, and of mechanical power;
and this is the true capital of our country,
not money alone.
PART 1L
I will now turn to the other part of my
thesis; that is, to the rights of labor. I am
not going to be communistic, and I have no
will to be revolutionary. Adam Smith says:
"The property which every man has in his
own labor, as it is the original foundation of
all other property, so it is the most sacred
and inviolable. The patrimony of a poor
man lies in the strength and dexterity of his
hands; and to hinder him from employing
his strength and dexterity in what manner
he thinks proper, without injury to his
neighbor, is a plain violation of this most
sacred property." Therefore, first of all, I
claim for labor the rights of property.
There is no personal property so strictly our
own. It is altogether and entirely personal.
The strength and skill that are in a man
are as much his own as his life blood; and
that skill and stiength which he has as his
personal property no man may control. He
has this property in him.
Lawyers say a man's will is ambulatory,
that is, it travels with him all over the
world. So the working man carries this
property with him as ready money. He
can buy with it and he can sell it He can
exchange it He may set a price on it.
And this ready moneywhich he carries with
him he may carry to every market all over the
world; and what is more, he will not be Im
peded by any foreign currency. No coins,
no difficult calculations, decimal or other
wise, obstruct his exchange with other
nations of the world.
TWO KINDS OF CAPITAL.
And further, in one sense It is inexhausti
ble, except that we all have limits and di
mensions, and onr strength and skill are
bounded by what we are. But there it is,
perennial, "going on always through his life
till old age diminishes it; then what re
mains in him is to be honored with a rever
ence of which I spoke just now. I claim
for labor (and the skill which is always re
quired by labor) the rights of capital. It is
capital in the truest sense. Now, onr Saxon
ancestors used to call what we call cattle "live
money," and we are told that what we call
chattels and cattle and the Latin word
ctpita are one and the same thing; that is,
"hesds" of cattle, or workers or serfs. This
was ''live money," and so are the labor, the
strength, and the skill in the honest work
man "live money." It is capital laid ud in
i him; and that capital is the condition of
production.
For carjital which is in money, which I
will call dead capital, or dead money, re
ceives its life from the living power and
skill of the laborer These two must be
united. The capital of money and the capi
tal of strength and of skill must be united
together, or we can have no production and
no progress. And, therefore, "labor and
capital must ride on the same horse;" and it
is said, in a sort of mother-wit way, that
"When two men ride on a horse one must
ride behind." It is said that capital
rides before. Well, now, if they cannot
ride side by side they ought to walk hand
in hand. Whatever rights then capital
possesses labor possesses.
THE EIGHT TO OBOAHIZB.
Once more: Labor has a right of liberty.
A laborer has a right to determine for
whom he will work, and where he will
work. I do not mean in any capricious
and extortionate way, but he must be first
and last the judge and controller of his own
life, and he must pay the penalty if he
abuses that freedom. This carries with it
also the right to say whether he can subsist
upon certain wages. This is undeniable.
He may set too high a price uoon his labor,
but then he will pay the penalty. No man
can appraise it for him. Another man may
offer him his wages, and if he is not content
he may re'nse it He cannot say, "You
shall work." In all the history of civiliza
tion, if you go back to the Greek? or to the
Romans, you find that trades and profes
sions always had their societies and fellow
ships, by which they were united together.
It seems to me that this is a sound and
legitimate social law. I can concieve noth
ing more entirely in accordance with
natnral right and with the higher juris
prudence than that those who have one
common interest should unite together for
the promotion of that interest
From this it would seem to me to follow
that the protection of labor and of industrv
has at all times been a recognized right of
those who possess the same craft; that those
unions have been recognized by the Legisla
ture: that, whether they be employers or
employed, whether they possess the dead
capital or the live capital, the dead money
or the live money, all have the same rights.
And I do not see, I confess, why all men
should not organize themselves together, so
long as they are truly and honestly sub
missive to one higher and chief, who is su
perior over us all; the supreme reign of law
which has governed, at all times, the people
of England.
SHOULD BB EEOULATED BY LAM-.
I am one of those who are of tbe opinion
that the hours of labor must be further regu
lated by law. I know tbe difficulty of the
subject but I say the application of un
checked political economy to the hours of
labor must be met and checked by a moral
condition. If the great end of life were to
multiply yards of cloth and cotton twist,
and if the glory of England consists or con
sisted in multiplying without stint or limit
these articles and the like at the lowest pos
sible price, so as to undersell all the nations
of the world, well, then, let wages go on.
But if the domestic life of the people be
vital above all; if the peace, the purity of
homes, the edncation of children, the duties
of wives and mothers, the duties of husbands
and of fathers be written in the natural law
of mankind, and if these things are sacred,
far beyond anything that can be sold in the
market, then 1 say, If the hours of labor re
sulting from the unregulated sale of a man's
strength and skill shall lead to the destruc
tion of domestic life, to the neglect ot chil
dren, to turning wives and mothers into liv
ing machines, and of fathers and husbands
into what shall I say, creatures of burden?
I will nol use any other word who rise
up before the sun, and come back when it is
set, wearied and able only to take food and
lie down to rest, the domestic life of man ex
ists no longer, and we dare not go oa ia this
THE'
pah. I am not going to attempt a pre
scription; I should fall if I were to attempt
to practice in anv art which is not my own;
but this I will say: Parliament has done it
already. Do not let it be said, therefore,
that Parliament has not interposed in the
question of labor and in the question of the
hours of labor.
THE EXAMPLE OF ENGLAND.
I will ask," is it possible for a child to be
educated who becomes a full-timer at 10 or
even 12 years of age? Ts it possible for a
child in the agricultural dlstriots to be edu
cated who may be sent out Into the fields at
9? I will ask, can a woman be the mother
and head of a family who works 60 hours a
week? You may know better than I, but
bear with me if I say I do not understand
how a woman can train her children in the
hours after they com home from school if
she works all day in a factorv. The chil
dren come home at 4 and 5 in tne afternoon;
there is no mother in tbe house. I do not
know how she can either clothe them or
train them or watch over them, when her
time is given to labor for 60 hours a week.
I saw in my early days a good deal of
what tbe homes of agricultural laborers
were. With all their poverty they were
often very beautiful. I have seen cottages
with cottage gardens, and with scanty but
bright furniture, a hearth glowing with
peat, and children playing at the door; pov
erty was indeed everywhere, but happiness
everywhere, too. Well, I hope this may
still be found in the agricultural districts.
What may be the homes in onr great manu
facturing towns I do not know, but the
homes of the poor in London are often very
miserable. The state of the houses, families
living in single rooms, sometimes many
families in one room, a corner apiece. These
things cannot go on; these things ought not
to go on. The accumulation of wealth in
the land, the piling up wealth like moun
tains in the possession of classes or of in
dividuals, cannot go on if these moral con
ditions of our people are not healed. No
commonwealth can rest on such founda
tions. Cardinal Manning.
A Honieliold Remedy.
There is no medicine so often needed in
every home, and so admirably adapted to
the purposes for which it is required, as
Chamberlain's Pain Balm. 'Hardly a week
passes but some member of the family has
need for it for some injury or ailment for
which it is unequaled. A toothache or
headache may be cured by it. A touch of
rheumatism or neuralgia quieted. The se
vere pain of a burn or scald promptly re
lieved, and the sore healed in much less
time than when medicine has to be sent for.
A sprain may be promptly treated before
inflammation sets in, which insures a cure
in about one-third of the time otherwise re
quired. Outs and bruises should receive
immediate treatment before the parts be
come swollen, which can only be done when
Pain Balm is kept at hand. A sore throat
may be cured before it becomes serious. A
frost bite or chilblain cured and their unpleas
antness avoided. A troublesome corn
may be removed by applying it twice a
day for a week or two. Quinsey and gland
ular swellings may be suppressed before
matter has begun to form in them. Boils
are often the result of an injury and may
be prevented by timely treatment A lame
back may be cured and several days of val
uable time saved. A pain in the side or
chest relieved without paying a doctor bill.
When so much pain and suffering may be
saved by the trivial outlay of 50 cents, it is
certainly surprising that any family would
do without such a remedy. The fact is, few
ot those who have used Chamberlain's Pain
Balm are willing to be without it
For sale by E. G. Stucky, 1701 and 2401
Penn avi; IS. G. Stucky & Co., cor. Wylie
ave. and Fulton at; Markell Bros., cor.
Penn and Faulkston aves.; Theo, E. Ihrig,
3610 Fifth ave.; Carl Hartwig, 4016 Butler
st; John C. Smith, cor. Penn ave. and
Main st; Jas. L. McConnel & Co., 455
Fifth ave., Pittsburg; and in Allegheny by
E. E. Heck, 72 and 191 Federal st; Thos.
E. Morris, cor. Hanover and Preble aves.;
F. H. Eggers, 172 Ohio st, and F. H.
Eggers Ss Son, 199 Ohio st and 11 Smith
field st "WSU
ETERETT FIAKO CLUB ANNOUNCEMENT
Certificate No. 329,
Held by C. L. Woods, of Sewickley, is en
titled to the piano this week on payments
of$l per week.
Do you want a fine piano? If you do, the
Everett Club or Co-operative System offers
the following inducements, if you wish to
pay cash. By becoming a member you will
save $75 in the price of the piano and get it
at once. If you cannot tpare the cash, you
can get your piano any time on payment of
$25 cash and $2 50 per week, no interest,and
still save 75 in the price. If yon cannot
pay so fast, by waiting until your number
is drawn vou will get your piano on pay
ments of fl per week, no interest, and save
$75 in the regular price to our retail trade.
Think of this I Our club is composed of 350
members, each paying $1 per week. Thus
you see tbe members are buying for cash,
and one piano is delivered to the member
whose number Is drawn each week
until all are supplied; or, if one
half of the members take their pianos
and pay $2 CO per week, we deliver
twice the nnmber, and get double the
amount of cash each week.and it leaves only
one-half the number to be drawn on the $1
weekly payments. It is a simple business
problem. We are saving our members tbe
difference in price by contracting for 360
pianos at one time, and on a cash basis.
We have now enough members to guarantee
the success of this plan, and are delivering
pianos as fast as our wagons can haul them.
Do not wait, but apply for membership be
fore it is too lute. Call and see the piano,
or send for circular.
Alex. Boss, Manager,
BUW 137 Federal street, Allegheny.Pa.
BARGAINS IN PIANOS AND ORGANS
At Henrlcks' Temple of Muilc.
A large stock of good second-hand pianos
and organs will be disposed of in order to
make room toi new goods arriving daily.
Pianos, one Chickering, ?225; Steinway,
$200; Newton, $175; Wheelock, $150; Mar
shal & Wendel, $175; Meyers, $40. Organs
from $25 upward. Persons wishing to se
cure a good second-hand instrument of
above makes, at a very low price, can do so
by calling at HenrickY Temple of Music,
79 Fifth avenue.
For Dedlontlon of the Garfleld Monument.
The Pittsburg and Lake Erie Eailroad
will sell tickets on the afternoon trains of
May 29 and the morning trains of May 30,
at rate of $3 from Pittsburg, to Cleve
land and $2 75 from Beaver Valley points,
good to return on any regular train up to
and including the train leaving Cleveland
at 11 P. M. Monday, June 2.
Kbause's Headache Capsules, un
like many remedies, are perfectly harmless:
they contain no injurious substance, and
will stop any kind ot a headache, will pre
vent headaches caused by over-indulgence
ot food or drink late at night Price 25
cents; for sale by druggists. xb.su.
SOHHBR riANOBl SOHMER PIANOS!
Colby Pi on oil
Superior In tone, durability and work
manship. For sale at reasonable prices bv
J. M. Hoffmann & Co., 637 Smithfield
street
"Wall papeb from the best makes in
the latest colorings and at lowest prices, at
J. J. Fuchs'. 1710, Carson st, S. 8.
Black Goods The most complete as
sortment of all wool and silk and wool me
dium and light weight fabrics for summer
wear shown in the city.
ttsbu Huaus & Haokb.
Everything for tho Flreplae.
Newest designs in tile, brass, nickel and
silver fittings, etc.
James C. Thompson, 640 Liberty avenue.
Haxbesses made and renovated.
Hator & Kebkak,J83-34 Water st
Oabpets cleaned and relaid.
Hatoh & Kkenan, 33-34 Water st
PITTSBURG DISPATCH,
JOHN BROWN'S BODY
Lies Moldering in the Grave, bat
His Soul is Marching On.
THE LEGENDS OP HAKPER'S FERRY
Story of the ITejfro Whom the Balder
Kissed as He Passed to Death.
WATER HAS SEVER TOUCHED THE BP0T
IWSITTXX FOB TUB DISPATCH.!
PPLES! ApplesI
PiesI Here's vo' "
0 little ragged, rosy-
cheeked urchins cry
ing their wares
through the train as
it stops, the sight of
the great bridges,
the mingling rivers,
the mountains on
either side, the sleepy
town clambering up
the hill to the west
all this and this only
; is the usual imnres-
sion of Harper's
Ferry, the American
Bingin, carried away
by the traveler and
and distributed all
the world over; un
less perchance he has
A. Town Beauty.
been a victim of one of those Harper's Ferry
pies. Then he will never forget Harper's
Ferry and its associate memories; he may
even wish that once more, just once more, he
may live to meet the maker of that pie. Nor
will all the drowsy syrups of the world of
medicine give him that sweet rest which he
"owds't yesterday."
That there is much else in Harper's Ferry
which may have proved as memorable can
not be questioned; and we do not mean the
relics of her past, for that may be briefly
and reverently told; Born of the Virgin
Mother Earth, suffered unto Ulysses Grant,
she was chloroformed, slept, and is still
A GLIMPSE OP
sleeping, and I fear will know no awaken
ing. THE KISSING OK THE SCAPPOLD.
But who wag kissed by John Brown?
Some think he is not here; that he is
risen. But he is here, and over at the
neighboring town. Many say he holds
communion with the great black witch, that
he lives not in the land of the living, but
the figure we saw yester eve stealing along
the profile of a western hill, a great dim
silhoutte, with umbrella and flapping coat
tails, was exceedingly earthy. It was he
that John Brown kissed. Some told us
that he lived alone, some that he did not
live at all, others that he was crazed, but
most agreed that there was a spot on his
right cheek which never a drop of water,
never a dampened cloth, nor the gentle rain
from heaven had moistened; that he had
washed around and around it, but "'fo'de
Lord it ain't nnver ben tetched, an' sun'
gwine ter be, needer." We will desoribe
our visit to him presently.
But a word about Harper's Ferry. In
the clear, broad light of day and of this
eighteen hundred and ninetieth year, the
historic features of Harper's Ferry loose
much of their former attractiveness. By
night and moonlight or in the atmosphere
of history it is at its best, and then only is
I interesting. It is not a little singular
that with all its natural advantages it has
never become anything more than it is, for
Harper's Ferry practically is not When
John Brown's Fort shall have gone to Chi
cago and another flood sweeps through the
town, men will seek in vain for this place
which cut so great a figure in the story of
the American war.
FAMED POB ITS PBETTY GIEL3.
There is nothing which the Harper's Fer
ryan resents so vehemently as the expression
"sleepy." Say but the word in association
with the name of his town and it sets him
agoing directly. He will bring you down
great volumes of antiquated lore, stretch
UnnA mnnci Ti.fn.A wntt allAV VAtl wTl&t lU&t.
nificent harbors and splendid manufactories
can be made, how they will bring wealth
and affluence into the country; and he will
inveigle you into a long discussion of the
relative.merits of the locality, and if against
all this you remain invincible he will tell
vou in a mysterious voice how that Harper's
Ferry contains more pretty girls than can
be found elsewhere in all the towns of the
world. Indeed upon this he is nearly right,
for it is doubtlul whether there is another
town of its size in the United States with so
large a percentage of girls in its population.
Whether it was the fault of the moon or not,
it is agTeed that at least something very re
markable has occurred, for there are twelve
girls to one boy; seven ot these are colored,
and there is but one-tenth of a white boy to
one-half a colored one.
It would be useless to detain one at this
late day with the story of the John Brown
raid. The public have given this affair its
just place in history, and him who was its
inaugurator his coveted position among
the world's celebrities, and there let him
rest. It would be useless, too, to iterate the
story of the negro in charge of the Balti
more and Ohio Bailroad depot who was
killed because he refused to let the maraud
ers in on that Sunday night in October,
1859, the first victim to a cause intended to
set him free, and, by the way, it did set him
free.
THE STOEY OP ABEVOLVBE.
Yesterday we met a man, a gentleman of
wealth and prominence, and he held forth a
pistol and its holster and said: "See that
r
tSvslK.
M lt
, , r
John Brown' t Fort.
SUNDAY,' MAT JLI,
thing? Tt has a story, and I have been
offered $1,000 for it."
It was a simple Colt's revolver and its
holster, but through the latter there were
two bullet holes.
"It was late in the evening," he con
tinued, "on the day after Brown's raid, that
W. Thompsen, one of Brown's men, was dis
covered by the infuriated Virginians, and
the cry of 'Hang him,' 'to the bridge with
him,' was raised, and he was led and pushed
at the point of bayonets to the center of the
bridge, stood upright on the railing, shot
through tbe head, fell to the river beneath
and was then riddled with bullets so that
there was scarcely an inch of him which was
not perforated. This pistol I paid a little
boy to secure for me, as he floated down the
river."
On Harewood Hill when the snn was low,
we drew rein before a cabin, half hut, with
one window, one door and one chimney,
from whence a wreath of smoke stole slowly
upward quite prettily. Harewood Hill is
west of Charlestown, and is so called be
cause Harewood House, the home of Bush
rod Washington, rests thereon. Through
the chinks of the wall a dim light played
without; inside sat a middle aged mulatto,
before a blazing chunk on the hearth,
swaying to and fro and mumbling formless
ditties, whereof the tunes were of cradles,
the words of tombs and specters and the im
port something weird, uncanny:
A TYPICAL OLD KEGEO.
"Good evening, Abraham."
"Mawnin'."
HAEPEE'S PEEET.
"You see we are here; now tell about that
afair."
"No."
"Abraham, here's a quarter."
"No, sub. Ain't gwine tell you nnffin."
"You may have this quarter, Abraham, if
you wilL"
"No. Ain't gwine tell you nnffin, I ain't
No, suh, Neen poke yo' money ter me."
"Please, Abrahaml"
"No; 'fo' Gord. no."
"Abraham? "
"Law, now, now Massa, is'l a whole quar
ter? Lemme see? How much dooju wanter
know?" and Abraham's oily mouth directly
enclosed the proffered quarter.
"Now, Abrahaml"
But Abraham Linknm sat mute. Five
minutes thus passed.
"Abraham, we are waiting."
Still no word from Abraham. Thus foiled
we concluded upon a bit of strategy.
"He is a fraud," we said, "a genuine
fraud," and started to go. This aroused
him.
" 'Deed I aln' Massa, 'deed, double-deed
I ain' got nnffin to tell"
"We don't believe John Brown saw you.
You are a genuine fraud "
THE SPOT HE KEYEB 'WASHED.
"Go 'long, Ma8S3;yes, he did. Mammy
tol' me so. Yo' see I wuz nuffia but er baby,
en long 'bout de time Marse Ossywatmy bin
leadin' f'om de Co't 'us' ter be hung
Mammy hoi' me up, she did, en Marse Ossy
watmy kissed me reck heah;" and Abraham
pointed to a hlthy patch on his right cheek.
There, indeed, say the people, old Ossa
wattomie Brown kissed Abraham Linkum
on the day he was hanged at Charlestown.
It was a pity, too, for Abraham Linkum, as
ever since he has been positively good for
nothing. He was never known to do an
hour's work, but Is scrupulously clean about
every other part of his person save that spot
on his cheek, which has never been washed
since the day John Brown's lips pressed it
30 years ago".
WIH not some enterprising Northerner
come hither, secure this odd specimen of
humanity, and exhibit him over the coun
try? There is money in it It would be a
sensation everywhere; and doubtless there
would be many old, grave and toothless
grandmas who could be charged a fat fee
for the special privilege of touching lips
ever so gently upon that hallowed spot I
But, seriously, it is matter of some wonder
that capital has not been made of this negro
ere this. Hiss-Evans.
A Statesman on Having.
Mr. Chauncey Depew gave lately a
pointer on saving by telling an interesting
story which is well worth reprinting here it
is:
"Some years ago I took a great fanoy to a
young man. He got a good salary, but
never could save a cent. He was not
viciously extravagant, bat heedless aria not
at all careful. Finally he married, and I
thought perhaps the responsibility of a
wife and subsequent tender responsibilities
might induce him to pay more attention to
the limitations of his purse. But it did not
and the funny part of it was that his wife
seemed to be just as indifferent a financier
as he was. They were fast drifting on the
rooks of bankruptcy. At last he came to
me and told me his predicament I related
how, when I was a young boy, it was the
rage in Peekskill to have a "Tig But' box.
This was a box in which were deposited all
of the quarters and other pieces which
would have gone on the plea ot the husband
or wife. 'Why, John, or why' Mary, 'tis
but a quarter.' Well, will you believe it,
that young man and that yonng woman
rigged up a ' "Xis But' box, and in a year he
brought me $1,000 and asked me to buy some
sort of an investment bond for him.
"Every young married couple in the
country should have a ' 'Tis But' box, and if
you will but tell them so with my compli
ments they will be very happy chicks at the
end of the year."
The moral applies as pertinently to quart
ers and halves saved on shoes as in any
other way, and it is urged that if you deal
at W. M. Laird's mammoth bargain shoe
stores, you will in time lay np your (1,000.
Solid Trains to Cincinnati.
The B. & O. B, B, Co. now operates a
double daily service of express trains be
tween Pittsburg and Cinoinnati via Wheel
ing, Zanesville and Columbus. Both trains
run through without change or transfer.
Pullman bullet parlor car on the day train,
and Pullman sleeper on the night train.
Mamma, Jet HoV lie Up.
1890.
EVW- DAT SCIENCE.
j
Methods of the. Sponge Pishenen Off
the Coast of Florida.
UTILITI OP THE CARRIER PIGE0K.
Graphic Description of a Battle Between
Modern War Tesselj.
LATINO IE0H PIPES IN DEEP WATER
rr-RETAnED ron thk nisrATcn.1
Fishing for sponges has developed into
quite an industry on the coast of Florida.
The sponge beds extend from Cape Florida
to near the mouth of the Apalachicola river,
a distance of 900 miles, and from one-half
a mile to 20 miles from the coast, at depths
ranging from one to eight fathoms, this be
ing the greatest depth at which it is prac
ticable to fish. The area actually fished
over exceeds 20,000 square miles of water,
but there is reason to believe that the sponge
can be found over a much greater area.
The manner of fishing and the apparatus re
quired are very simple. Each fishing
schooner takes from two to six dingeys, or
small boats; two men go in each boat; one
sculls and the other stands at the bow with
a sponge hook, which is a three-pronged,
sickle-shaped instrument, but more curved
and measuring from the point to the base
nine inches; the prongs are about one-half
an inch in diameter from the base to the
curve and gradually tapering to a blunt
point; the haft is round and about six inches
long, and driven into a narrow pole one ana
one-half inches in diameter, and measuring
from 6 to 50 feet in length. The hooka and
handles are manufactured here.
These contrivances, with an ordinary
wooden pail having a glass bottom, and
designated as a water, glass, are the para
phernalia required to catch the sponge. The
pail is used only when the weather is cloudy
or the water is murgy or rippung on me
surface. It is half submerged in tbe water,
and by looking into it the sponge can be
readily seen at a depth of 60 feet. The boat
is sculled slowly and stopped only when the
sponges are seen. There has been no im
provement on the methods first adopted, as
here described, for catching tbe sponges.
About seven vears ago four Mediterranean
divers were brought over for the purpose of
introducing the diving system. This, how
ever, was abandoned for the following
reasons: First, the heavy iron shoes of the
divers trampled the young sponges so much
that they would not grow. Second, tbe
whole sponge was taken up, so that none
would again grow there; while, if taken up
with the hook, there was always enough
left to grow again. Third, it was imprac
ticable on account of the rocky bottom. Last
year diving for suonges was made illegal by
an act of the Florida Legislature.
Some of the sponges taken in the neigh
borhood of Bock Island measnre 6 feet in
circumference and 15 inches high.
Such sponges are, however, rarely
found, and sell for prices ranging
from $100 to $150 for exhibition purposes,
as they' are practically useless for anything
else. After the sponge is taken out of the
water it is cast on the deck of the vessel or
upon the beach, and exposed to the sun for
24 or 48 hours, until it dies. It is then cast
into water for a few days, washed ont and
beaten with clubs until all the animr.l mat
ter is completely removed, strung np in as
serted bunches, and allowed to dry. After
the sponges are brought to market ttey are
trimmed with shears, and bleacheri by be
ing immersed in a solution of lime and
water, and exposed to the sun tor several
days. When perfectly dry they are ready
for the merchant.
There are many varieties of sponges, viz.:
the sheep's wool, the yellow, the grass
sponge, the velvet and the glove sponge, all
differing in quality and price, the sheep's
wool being the highest priced and selling in
the market at Key West at $2 and 2 25
per pound. The others sell at from 75 cents
to $1 50 per pound. Of those employed la
fishing, more than half are colored.
Scarcely any Cubans follow the business;
they prefer to stick to cigarmaking, as they
cannot stand the cold and fatigue incidental
to sponging.
The Carrier Pigeon.
For a long time past the carrier pigeon
has been regularly employed in the service
of the evening newspapers of the Midlands
and North of England in carrying reports
of football and cricket matches, and other
events from ontlying districts. So far as is
known, however, pigeons have not hitherto
been used for the conveyance of sketches
intended for publication. In order to in
sure the rapid delivery of the sketches made
by the artists of the enterprising illustrated
paper at the recent University race, pigeons
specially trained were loosed with the
sketches tied round their necks, from the
attendant launch and the press boat both
during the actual race and at the moment
the crews passed the winning post During
the siege of Paris carrier pigeons were ex
tensively used, and the breeding and train
ing of them for military purposes are carried
on in connection with the German army.
As carriers of telegrams these birds can be
easily and inexpensively used between
country houses and postoffices situated some
miles apart.
The birds require to be bred on the spot
to which they are intended to fly, and then
to be sent away from home, and kept in an
oathouse or stable, where they cannot see
the surrounding country. When liberated
they at once fly home and can carry tele
grams, letters, etc., rolled up and tied round
their necks' weighing up to two ounces (a
lighter weight is, of course, better), at the
rate of a mile in two minntes, and they are
seldom, if ever, lost When a reply to a
telegram is expected from the postoffice
situated some miles distant, a pigeon ran
readily be sent into the postoffice by the
rural postman at very small expense, to
await the arrival of the telegram at the of
fice, when it can be dispatched with the
message round its neck, and will arrive
home in a few minutes at a considerable
saving of money as well as time. The
British East Africa Company is sending out
to East Africa each month a number ot
carrier pigeons to be trained there to carry
messages between the different stations in
land and on the coast Homing pigeons
aru hardy and readily breed in all parts ot
the world. In such a country as East
Africa a proportion of them ar? likely to
fall a prey to hawks and other rapacious
birds, bnt the acquisition of this means of
rapid communication will be invaluable to
the company.
TheKaval Flaht of the Future.
Lieutenant Bradley A. Fiske gives a very
graphic description of what the naval fight
of the fnture will be. Each vessel will clear
for action as soon as the other is sighted per
haps five miles away, and will slow down in
order to gain time for preparation and to get
up the highest possible steam pressure.
Forced draughts will at once be started, and
the subdued roar of the air driven through
the furnaces to accelerate combustion, and
tbe whirr of the dynamos, will be added to
the clang of the gun breech blocks as they
are swung open to admit the projectile to
the breech, the hum of the ammunition
hoists raising powder and shell to the decks,
and tbe quiet, firm orders of authority. On
deck the gatling guns and revolving can
nons, and in the tops tbe rapid fire guns are
noiselessly put in readiness; the captain
takes his place in the armored conning
tower with the chief quartermaster and his
aid; the executive officer assumes charge of
the battery, and remains near at hand to
take the captain's place in case of his death
or disability, the range finders are got into
position, and the ofiicer in charge begins to
report from time to time the distance of the
enemy, now drawing closer. Probably no) a
shot will be fired until this distance is re-duced-to-
2,000 yards, and probably both
ship will keep pointed toward each other
until that-time-But
now what will the contestants do? It
has been held that both will advance stead
ily toward each other each commander
hoping that some false more on the part ot
his adversary will enable him to rush for
ward, discharge his bow torpedo at BOO yards,
ano perhaps follow it up 'with his ram and
end the fight at once until they have ap
proached so close, say 600 yards, that neither
dares swerve lest he himself be rammed, so
that the ships will at length collide end on,
and may be both snnkl The various inven
tions of the past few years, have, however,
not so much revolutionized naval science as
they have broadened it The principles of
strategy remain the same, and so does the
necessity for the seaman's skill. Engineers
construct, inventors invent, experiments are
tried, sham battles are fought, and heated
discussions agitate the naval mind, but the
only thing that can determine the real con
ditions of modern naval warfare is a mod
ern naval war.
Laying Flpe TJader Water.
A civil engineer at Watertown, N. Y.,
lately accomplished in a very simple, cheap
and expeditious way what is usually a diffi
cult and expensive operation the laying of
a long line of pipe in deep water. He had
occasion to lay nearly 1,000 feet of suction
pipe at Rouse's Point The water was needed
for manufacturing purposes, and as it was
found that the water near tbe shore was
more or less impure, it was necessary to place
the inlet a considerable distance out into
the lake. He purchased for the purpose a
steel pressure pipe of eight-inch diameter.
Plugging the end of the first length, he
pushed it out on the surface of Lake Cham
plain, and connected the second length";
pushing this out in turn until the whole line
was coupled. It then presented the unusual
spectacle of a line of eight-inch pressure pipe
nearly 1,000 feet long, floating with a dis
placement of only Zi inches of its diameter.
When the requisite length had been con
nected the line was towed to position, the
ping at the end removed, and the pipe sank
easily in 16 feet of water without breaking
a joint or receiving any injury. No buoys
or floats were used in the operation, and no
apparatus of any kind. The pipe is now in
use as the suction of a steam pump, and
gives perfect satisfaction.
Prof. Kncker'a Magnetic Needle.
Geologists are always ready to use work
done by laborers in other branches of science,
and of late a most interesting work has been
going on, which shows the bearing one
branch of knowledge may have on another.
Profs. Bucker and Thorpe have been care
fullv noting the behavior of the magnetic
needle in various parts of England, and
have found that it is deflected at times in a
most inexplicable manner. The deflection
was at first charged to great masses of basal
tic, or like rocks, the minerals of
which contain a large amount of
iron. Finding, however, that this
peculiar, behavior of the magnetic
needle occurred also in tracts where no such
rocks were at the surface, but whicb con
sisted of such formation as chalk and ter
tiary beds, these observers were led to con
clude that deep under ground in those
tracts there was a mass of basaltic or other
highly ferruginous rock that affected the
needle. It seems therefore likely that
Prof. Backer's elaborate and scientific di
vining rod will come into use for the pur
pose of indicating what places are to be
avoided in searching for coal measures un
der ground.
Tho Noah'a Ark of tbe Future.
Edison has not only invented the talking
doll, hut he suggests, and through his as
sistance is already workingonphonographio
canary birds, which will reproduce the
sweetest notes of that favorite little singer.
Artificial parrots will give us the same, in
consequential sort of nonsense that we al
ways associate with their originals, and
Elegant Parlor Furniture!
Beautiful Bedroom Furniture!
Superb Dining Room Furniture!
Substantial Kitchen Furniture!
The Best of Refrigerators!
THE LOVELIEST OF
BABY CARRIAGES!
THE FINEST OF
CARPB TS I
(Either In the Eoll or Remnants),
Are what you can get at our popular store at the Iowes(T4
prices consistent with thorough goodness. And what is
more you can get anything in the whole of our store either,
for cash or on the easiest terms of payment, in fact, on your
own terms. We know that some people can afford to pay r
more per week or month than the average workingman,
hence- we make terms to please and suit everybody.
Goods Strictly First-Class in Every Particular!
Everybody Can Buy with Confidence!
We Aim to Please Everybody!
Our Low Prices Are the Year Bound!
Be Sure You Come and See Us!
PICKERING'S
OLD BET.TABLE HOUSE,
Corner Tenth Street and Penn Avenue.
SPECIAL TERMS TO CLUBS.
mvll
R LITERARY SGfiRVEIf
We publish the Popular Reprint of the ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA from latest English
edition, at $2 50 per volume, beinp; one-third tbe price ot tbe original and one-half the price ot
the Scribner edition of tbe same work. We have reproduced all illustrations, maps and texts,
page for page and volume for volume. Complete sets of 24 vols, now ready for delivery on EABx
payments. The greatest work: of tho kind in tbe English language. A subscriber writes: "Tho
best is now the cheapest." All high-priced editions of this work. In our office- for comparison.
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TBTJE HENBT G. AIEEIV COMPANY,
17 BEVENTH STREET, PITTaBTJRO. PA.
Address all communications to Pittsburg office, ap39-80-ga
. "v
IB
dogs, horses, cats, geese, ducks, chickens,
etc., will produce the various soundTof their"
kind. The "Noah's ark" of the foture will
be a somewjiat formidable importation into
a quiet family home.
Plow-Bornlnc Stov.
A slow-burning store has been brought
out, in which the admission of the air is
used to modify the combustion instead of in
creasing it The arrangements of tbe stove
permit of lighting it with ease, of removing
tbe residues ot combustion, of letting it go
out every night and relighting it every
morning without removing the coal from the
hopper. The stove is capable of burning 18
hours without a renewal ot the charge.
Lose oi Water br Wast.
Water leaking through a hole jtKt large
enough to pass a needle through during 24
hours at a 14-pound pressure would be suffi
cient to supply a house for the day. The
waste through a one-inch pipe under the
lame conditions would be.1,140 gallons.
Pancake Slaehlne.
The latest Invention is a pancake ma
chine, in which, by turning a handle, the
batter can be turned into a hopper, and
between heated rollers browned and made
ready lor the table.
CATARRH CDBEDJ STAT CURED.
as Aggravated Case op Five Yeaes'
Brnrrztasa ccred bt De. Bbb3 Ovxx
Two Years ago Eehalns Weli to xhx
Present Time.
Mrt.JPerrv, tor. Ann and Moultrtt SU, tity
For fire years Mrs. Ferry suffered from such
severe pains that she could not give attention
to her household duties, could get air through
neither nostril, consequently slept with her
mouth open and snored so loudly that none
could sleep in adjoining rooms. Food she
could not retain on ber stomach, especially
supper; this she vomited as soon as eaten. Dr.
Byers removed the swellings from her nostrils,
opening them up so she could breathe through
them, reduced the soreness and Inflammation,
ana gave ber medicine for her stomach. She
never vomited after taking the first dose ot
medicine, and in three months was entirely
welL A few days ago Mrs. Perry called to con
sult Dr. Byers about ner arm and said her head
and stomach still remained well, thus disprov
ing; the popular idea that catarrh cannot be)
cured to stay cured.
HOME TREATMENT A 8UCCES&
A lady patient of Howard, (X, writing for
her second mouth's treatment, says: "I am
feeling much better, my head has not pained
me for over two weeks, and the terrible pain I
had in my back Is gone."
TREATMENTS! A MONTH.
Dr. Byers continues to treat catarrh and til
chronic diseases for SS per month, medicine in
cluded. That tbe publio appreciate good,
honest treatment at low rates Is evidenced by
the fact that he is kept busy from morning till
night One day he treated 21 people for ca
tarrh alone. He consults with and treats
every patient himself. Office established 1883.
DR. BYERS,
Buccessor to Drs. Logan & Byers, 421 Penn are. ,
ap26-ssa
3
, $2.50 PER V0LUffiE,
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