"grerag-ss
--(
DISPi.TOH.SUNDAT,v AElHlW37, 'f .1890.
-THE -PITTSBTJIIG
-21
10W TO GET RICH.
'AdTice of Weil-Known Wealth Win
ners to a Young Mechanic
INVESTMENTS IN KEAL ESTATE.
Banker Clews Disparates College Training
for Business Men.
PLACING MOKBI OUT AT INTEREST.
PTBITTES TO TH DISF1.TCH.1
Some weeks ago the letter -which I append
below was addressed to some half dozen of
our best known millionaires in every in
stance men of the people, who hare been the
architects of their own fortunes and haTe
raised themselves by their own exertions
from humble, poor boys to an honored place
among the moneyed aristocracy of onr
country. This letter was written by a young
mechanio of a "Western city, a fine specimen
of the sober, industrious, thrifty American
working man one who is determined to
conquer fortune and to become wealthy and
distinguished.
Deae 8nt Knowing that you are a self
xnada man and bare achieved wealth by your
own exertions, 1 take the liberty of asking
your advice. lam a young mechanic with a
wile and child. I make good wages and am
able, by strict economy, to save about 140 per
month.' I now have about $500 (five hundred
dollars), and am at a loss to know what to do
with it. Will you kindly tell me what you con
sider the best Investment for small savings
with a view to making tbem the nucleus of a
creat fortune? Would you advise that they be
deposited in a savlncs bank, or invested in real
estate or good slocks or bonds? Will you also
please give me any general directions or advice
that you think will aid a young man, just
starting in life, to become rich? I inclose stamp
and shall be greatly obliged for the favor of an
answer.
The following letters comprise the largest
amount of the most valuable advice on
making, investing and accumulating money
ever published together. If generally fol
lowed millionaires may be as plenty in the
next generation as autumn leaves in Val
lambrosa. Fbaxe: Fees'.
EDUCATION A HINDRANCE.
The College ! Not n MjbilUule for Bmluesi
Trnlnlnc In Youth.
The first reply received to the above letter
was from the famous millionaire, banker
and broker so prominently identified with
public events in this country during the
past quarter of a century, Mr. Henry
Clews:
"Banking House op ")
Hekei Clews & Co.
"New York, March 25, 1890. )
'Deae Sie When old Meyer Rothschild
was asked questions similar to those you
have propounded to me, he said: 'I buys
'sheep' and sells dear.' Those who follow
this method always succeed. Few things
present better opportunities to 'buy "sheep"
and sell dear' than stocks and bonds, and
such securities when 'gilt-edged' not only
pay interest on the investment, but they
can also be leadily turned into money at
any time if desirable.
"In order to become rich the young man
just starting in life should choose that occu
pation or avocation for which he has the
most decided preference. Many a man has
his nose to the grindstone, so to speak,
throughout life simply because he has
chosen, or his relatives and friends have
chosen for him. some business or profession
to which he is not adapted, and which he
ends is not congenial to him, while in a
career for which nature and education had
fitted him he might not only be happy and
successful, but make his mark as a star of
the first magnitude.
The Good Book tells us that whatever our
hand finds to do we should do it with all
our might, but a young man is not inclined
to do in that way things that he does not
like. But whatever voung men do from
choice they, as a rule, do well. It is,
therefore, very important for a young
man just starling in life to be sure that the
calling in which he engages is thoroughly
congenial to him and one in which he can
put forth his bett efforts with the greatest
enthusiasm and delight.
"The utility of a collegiate education for
success in business is now being largely de
bated. As the college curriculum and
training stand at present, the ordinary
course is net iu general calculated to make
a good business man. It is erroneously re
garded by some people as a kind of substi
tute for business training in the earlier
years of the young man's life. There can be
no greater mistake in the beginning of a
business career. It is in many instances not
only a hindrance but absolutely fatal to
success.
"Tours very truly,
"Hexby Clews."
FAITHFUL TO EUPL0XER8.
Yoodst Men Should be Willing; to Earn Their
Snlnrles Several Times Over.
Mr. Charles A. Pillsbury, the millionaire
flour king of Minneapolis, whose gigantic
flouring mills the largest in the world
daily turn out 10,500 barrels of flour, writes
as follows:
"PlLLSBTJJtY-WASHBURN
"Floue Mills Co.,
"Minneapolis, Minx., March 20
"MyDeab Sie I am in receipt of your
favor of the 20th instant. I think a first
class savings bank as secure a depository for
money as any place. There is not much use
accumulating money if yon do not get in
terest on it In reply to your request for
general advice and directions to aid a young
man just starting in life to become rich. I
would say that if such a young man is in
the employ of others it should be his aim to
earn his salary many times over, and not be
contented to earn it but once and merely
give satisfaction to his employers. He
should strive to do more. In my
first years in business, thoueh neither asked
nor expected to do so, 1 frequently worked
all night. A young man who thus devotes
himself heart and soul to his employer's in
terest will soon find that his devotion is ap
preciated, for, even if his employer should
fail to reward it, some one els trill surely
observe it and the way to pi emotion will
soon be open for him. There are vacant
places in the higher walks of every busi
ness and profession for the young men who
follow this course.
"Some men fail because they overrate
their own ability and underestimate that of
their competitors. Such a mistake should
be carefully avoided. Let a man with ever
so great natural ability, but lacking a ca
pacity for hard work, compete with a duller
man, but one who toils early and late, and
the latter will outrun him on the road to
success every time. "Wed natural ability to
hard work and you have a combination that
nothing can defeat
"Yours truly,
"Charles A. PlLLSBUBT."
IXTEST IN EEAL ESTATE.
ttoivrcll r. Flower Would Always Pot
fecial) (saving; In Land.
Hon. Boswell P. Flower, the millionaire
member of Congress from the Twelfth New
York district, and an available candidate
for the Presidental nomination on the Dem
ocratic ticket, sends the subjoined response
to my young friend's letter:
"House of Representatives, TJ. S., )
"Washington, D. C, March 26.
"My Deae Sir In reply to your letter
of the 20th instant, I would say that it would
seem to me, were I in your position, that I
would buy some real estate in your city.
J You cannot duplicate real estate. You can
- duplicate any other kind of security, and as
the country utows, real estate will improve
in value. You could doubtless buy a small
piece of property that would rent formore
than enough to pay the taxes upon it and
the interest upon the mortgage you would
have to give. This surplus you could save,
in addition to what you are now saving out
of your wages, and you could apply it to
paying off the mortgage. My answer, there
fore, to the first question contained in your
letter is that real estate is the best invest
ment for small savings to make them the
basis of a fortune.
"I know of no better way for a young man,
just starting in life, to become rich than to
be always sober, honest, Industrious and
economical, to be true to his employers and
himself; to save all he can without being
parsimonious, and to invest his savings
judiciously in the way I have indicated.
"Very truly yours,
"ROSWELL P. FLOWER."
A MAN WHO HAS TRIED IT.
Ben Butler Advise Other People to Bay
Property as He Hn Done.
Hon. Benjamin F. Butler, the millionaire
manufacturer, lawyer, soldier and states
man, coincides with Mr. Flowers' high esti
mate of real estate as an investment, as
will be seen below:
"Lowell, Mass., March 30.
"Deae Sie All the improved real estate
in Boston, as a rule, has paid its interest
and taxes and quadrupled in value during
the past CO years, while during the same
period 90 per cent of all the merchants and
traders in that city have failed, and 90 per
cent of all the business corporations have
either done likewise or gone out of business,
so that their stock has been wiped out la
view of these facts I think it may be un
hesitatingly asserted that nothing else is so
safe an investment lor small sayings as im
proved real estate. Nothing is likely to
grow in value taster.
"You had thereiore better buy a piece of
improved real estate, however small, that
ia paying rent Pay in cash what little
money you have, and give your notes, se
cured by a mortgageon the property, for the
balance in small sums falling due at short
intervals, and then use all your extra in
come from the rent of your property in pay
ing them off. You never incur any risk in
discounting your own notes, and when your
friends find that you are placing your money
where it is perfectly, secure they will be glad
to assist you if those notes should come due
a little too rapidly. Thus iu a short time
and almost before you know it, you will
have a considerable and perfectly safe in
vestment "If you had a rich father who would fur
nish the cash to start you iu business you
would probably do better in the long run if
you invested it in the way I have pointed
out rather than to risk it in trade, mean
while earning your living by working for a
salary. For a young man just starting in
life whose ambition it is to become rich, I
would say, never do a mean thing for money.
"Yours truly,
"Benjamin F. Butler."
IT WORKS WHILE I0U SDEEP.
Showman Bnrnnm Says Money at Interest Is
thn Beat Investment.
Hon. P. T. Barnum, the famous million
aire showman, answers in his usual pointed
and entertaining style:
"Bridgeport, Conn., April 7.
"Deae Sib The safest plan and the one
most sure of success for the young man
starting in life is to elect the vocation
which is most congenial to his tastes. He
should then be carelul to keep himself in
good health, for that is the foundation of
success in life the substratum of fortune.
Shun rum and tobacco. You must have a
clear brain to make money. You cannot
carry on business successfully if your brain
is muddled and your judgment warped by
intoxicating drink. Keep out of debt.
Debt drags a man down more than anything
else. It destroys his self-respect and makes
him almost despicable in his own eyes.
"Put what money you have and all you
may save in the future at interest where it
will be well secured. Heal estate is the
nost safe of all investments. Money at
interest with good security, will work more
faithfully than anything else in the world.
It never stops, day nor night, no matter if
the weather be wet or dry. Engage in one
kind of business only, and stick to it faith
fully until you succeed, or until your expe
rience shows that you should abandon it
Whatever you engage in, make it your con
stant aim to be and to have the very best in
your line. When sure that you are in the
right path, persevere. To make money dis
honestly is the hardest thing in life. There
fore, preserve your integrity. Remember
that the road to wealth lies in expending
less than we earn. Truly yours,
"P. T. Babnum."
PUT IT OCT AT INTEREST.
The Baltimore Founder of Libraries Gives
Ilia Advice n to Money.
Mr. Enoch Pratt, the well-known million
aire of Baltimore, who has devoted a large
portion of his fortune to establishing the
Enoch Pratt free libraries of that city, sends
the following brief and pithy answer to the
conundrums asked him:
"Baltimore, March 28, 1890.
"DEAR Sik My advice to young men
who are anxious to advance in life has
always been that when they earn S5 they
should save and put out at interest SI of it
Money at interest is like a calf of which an
honest old German once told me. He said
the purchase of that calf was the best thing
he ever did, for the calf grew just the same
whether her owner was asleep or awake, and
almost before he knew it she had grown to a
full-sized cow, worth many times what he
had paid for her. If young men will pur
sue the course I havead vised, and are other
wise capable, they will become rich.
"Ehoch Pbatt."
SHORT AND SWEET.
Clans SpreckeU Tells the Young; Man to Go
to a Savins Bunk.
Mr. Clans Spreckels, the millionaire sugar
king, responds with an epistle that is char
acteristically short, if not sweet -as brief, iu
fact, as woman's love:
"Philadelphia, Mareh 30.
"DEAE Sts Your favor of the 20th
instant has been duly received. In reply to
the same I would say that I would recom
mend a good savings bank.
"Yours truly,
"Claus Spkeckels."
PATH WAITING HER CUE.
Bow the SonBttrei Conducts Herself Just
Before Appearlne on the Stage.
New York Sun. 1
In a few moments Conductor Sapio wared
his baton, the curtain rose and the opera be
gan. Patti was walking up and down the
dressing room with her head thrown back.
She was gargling a liquid that looked like
glycerine water in her throat. She always
does thisjbefore see attempts any of those re
markable flights of melody that set the great
audiences applauding rapturously. She
tapped her throat when Stage Manager
Parry looked in at her with a smile on his
lips. She meant that she was getting her
throat in working shape.
By and by he led her out upon the stage,
and she stood just behind a door waiting her
cne to enter upon the scene. She stopped
gargling her throat with lotion, and shut
her month to kiss one of Mr. Abbey's prin
cipal women singers. Then she opened her
mouth and began to gargle again.
A group of Italian gentlemen with wide
trousers crowded around her. When a
laughing look came into her eyes they
seized her hand and kissed it fervently.
They were personal friends, and kissed her
hands in the fine Italian style of gallantry
expressing delight that she was feeling quite
well. An instant later she had cleared the
lotion from her throat and had darted out
upon the stage and was pouring out a flood
of tuneful notes.
DRESSING THE HAIR.
A Glance at the Fads Upon Which
Dame Fashion Smiles. r
OLD STILES COMING BACK AGAIN.
Changes Necessary to Harmonixe With the
Adopted Costumes.
PRETTI CURLS OP PRETTT MISSES
The right tight, snug, shiny little knot of
hair, with its secure fastenings, which the
tailor-made girl wore above her jaunty man
nish rolling collar is indeed an anachronism
above the clinging draperies and high
puffed sleeves of a Josephine gown or in
juxtaposition to the classic Grecian outlines
of the ponular, artistically draped costume.
The ideal coiffure of the season, says the
New York Sun, finds its prototype only on
some old Parthenon frieze or group of graces
chiseled about an antique monument or
altar, and the worst of it is that only a
maiden sculptured in gleaming marble
ought to attempt the style of coiffure, tor on
any live, breathing,
moving girl tnc
graceful arrange
ment comes tum
bling down about
her ears iu an hour.
The long, wavy
lines of hair out
lining the graceful
coutour ot a wom
an's head and
twisted softly in a
mass of ringlets
low in the neck or
just high enough to
allow the lowest of
the depending cnrls
271e Greek Coiffure.
to brush the nape of the neck, the pretty con
ceit of apparently securing the whole thing
with a simple bit of ribbon tied inlront,
the brushing of the wavy ? Te.r th. e u
to tie it ud carelessly in the back, the soli
fall ot light, wavy fringes
upon the forehead all
these were known centu
ries ago by the fair
Athenian maidens who
walked the street bon
neted only in the beauty
and sheen of their tresses,
instead of putting on a
wreath and a few butter
flies as a head covering
forontdoor wear. They
knew the secrets which
thA mnriprn pirl is 110W
learning, that ugly foreheads may be shaped
to beauty with a fluff of curls, and that the
curling iron is indeed a clever and artistic
substitute for nature.
Now the first essential of a really stylish
coiffure is that the hair of which it is com
posed should De cuny,
or, perhaps, as girls say,
"fluffy." If you are
endowed by nature
with that kind of hair
which two years ago
you brushed and wet
and oiled to make it
smooth and glossy, all
you have to do now is
to keep all the oil out
of it by frequent wash
jvj
ings, let it tangle and fly at will, and gather
lt np in a sou unot w","" . "?-
where it will look as if it were going to fall
down entirely every minute, and put just
enough pins in it to prevent that catastrophe
and nothing more. .
I saw a sweet, oval-faced young girl at
Sorosis the other day with exactly this style
ot coiffure and the most sesthetic dress of
black, embroidered with trails of yellow
marguerites. If your hair be as straight
and sleek as that of a
Puritan elder ora Com
raanche sauaw, your
hairdresser will make
it ripple and wave and
flow like that of the
heroine in a three-volume
novel.
Then, if you haven't
been blessed with too
large an allowance of
it, she win gamer up
the shimmerine. waving strands into a coif
ture like that I saw recently on a young girl
whose hair, brown in shadow, revealed
glimpses of gold in the sunshine. Back
from her forehead and up from her neck the
wavy strands were brushed, whirled into a
single light puffy knot, from which three
soft curls fell, and a gold arrow held the
whole in place.
Then there is the Greek coiffure proper,
or rather an adaptation of it, which was ar
ranged by a famous Parisian hairdresser for
a noted American
belle. It resembles
the Psyche knot, which
was o travestied in
New York a few sea
sons back, and which
women with snub
noses insisted upon
affecting because it
was becoming to their
classic sisters. Tt is
indeed a sort of a first
cousin to tho Psyche, but it belongs to a dif
ferent branch of the family, and is made of a
mass of solt curls and frizzes waving oyer
the head from the temples and twisted into a
flu fly knot held by chains of pearls.
On top of the head pearl combs hold
the waves of hair close to the head
and soft curls fall over the face.
In Paris the hair is worn low in the neck,
almost universally simply looped and fast
ened with ornamental pins of shell, but the
fashion gains ground
slowly among Ameri
can ladies, who insist
that it is untidy and
inconvenient,and takes
away something from
their dignity and
smartness. As a rule,
hair dressed high on
the head is more be
coming to the Ameri
can physiognomy. It
was a little Spanish
beauty, with an oval
olive face, who attract
ed so much flattering
attention in an opera
box because above the simple low-necked
gown a faultless head, exquisitely poised,
had the dusky hair simply parted in the
center, waved down either side the face,
twisted low in the' neck, and bound about
with a fillet of delicate white blossom,
strung together like a child's 'daisy chain.
For ladies on dressy occasions there is the
empire style with its light fringe of hair
Drought rather low
down to a point on
the forehead. Grace
ful cnrls lightly
grouped together
surmount the fringe,
and at the sides
above the ears the
hair is prettily waved
in the fashion now so
generally adopted.
Another arrange
ment of the same
mode has a tiara of
jet above the fringe,
which may be re
yA
placed by diamonds on dressy occasions.
At the back the hair is dressed in a series of
puffs or rolls terminating near the nape of
th ncct In two Greek enrls. which fall
slightly away from the neck, giving the
7
w
ALlIr.
coiffure a distinctive little air of its own and
a quaint and chio effect
A combination of the catogan and empire
style is favored by some ladies as better
adapted to them, giving them the becoming
neignt in trout
and the graceful
fulness in the
neck as well,
which is quite ad
vantageous when
wearing the new
crownless bonnets,
as it is pleasant to
feel that you have
something on yona
head. A new
comb has been de
signed with three
substantial rings,
through which the
loops of hair are
passed to 'form a double, eight-shaped ar
rangement on the head, and a Grecian bow
and Alsation bow swell the list of coiffures
which can be arranged only by the skill, of
the professional hair dresser.
The present picturesque and extreme
styles of dress necessitate a correct arrange
ment of the bair to insure their effective
ness. The reason so many women fail in
this is because they lack originality and a
knowledge of outlines. A style of hair
dressing that they admire on a friend's
head they imitate
themselves, with most
disastrousresults. The
occasionally gifted
woman has nice intui
tions which she may
not be able to formu
late in words or ex
plain, but which ef
fectually prevent her
from making blun
ders of this kind. She
who has not should, it
she is able, consult
some artist concerning the peculiar style
best adapted to her, for hair dressers in
New York are not artists, nsi they of the
profession are in Paris, and they cannot al
ways be depended upon for suggestions.
There has been something of a revival of
the old custom of floral decorations in the
hair during the past season, a single rose, a
wreath of fine flowers, or a half wreath rest
ing lightlv on the bangs and lost in the
loops and curls at the back. The most ar
tistio and beautiful of all hair dressing,
however, is that seen
on children s heads,
because thehairwhen
wavy isn't dressed at
all, but exquisitely
cared for and left to
follow its own sweet
will and pleasure,
only slightly cut in
a bang in front to
keep it from the eyes.
In the early hours
of the morning the
nurses bring their charges to the hair dress
ers for attention that once was never consid
ered necessary. Bangs are cut, curls are
trimmed and brushed, straight locks are
coaxed into waves by carelully heated
irons, and little misses go through
almost as much of a process as
their mammas and big sisters. Babies,
both boys and girls, not more than 2
years old, are frequently seen sitting in the
hair dresser's chair with a. patience born
only of experience. Young girls in school
wear the Marguerite braids or asingle braid
looped under and tied with a velvet ribbon
around the neck. For
dressy occasions little
girls wear a ribbon
of bright color tied
about the head in the
old-fashioned way,
just back of the
fringe, or, more
artistic still, liko
the child in the cut,
with half short hair
the ribbon is tied
over the curls about
the head like, a
sword. The "Lord Fauntleroy" and little
page's style of hair is the popular style for
little boys, and is generally worn until the
instinct of freedom inherent in every Ameri
can laddie rises up in revolt, and the curls
are sacrificed to a saucer bang with closely
cropped hair at the back.
TflB-COST OP LIYIXG.
Two Exnmplca of Economy From the Quiet
City of" Philadelphia.
Philadelphia inquirer.:
I have a iriend who some 20 years ago
found himself in this city with wife and
children two, suddenly called upon to
"make both ends meet" on a salary of $850
per year. As it was a principle with him
that persons dependent on wages should
each month save a portion of their income
for a rainy day he determined to live on $700.
Here follows a statement of his expenses lor
that year as taken from his book:
Rent 5150 00
Coals, live tons at $6. 30 00
Kiudliug 1 60
Soap, etc. 4 7 60
Clothes husband, S30; wife, S25; chil
dren, $23 80 00
Shoes 15 oo
Newspapers 5 00
Doctor and medicine 31 00
Household linen 12 00
Light. 3 uo
Furniture. 10 00
Food 340 00
Sundries 17 00
Total (69100
It must bo remembered that in those years
foods were considerably dearer than at
present.
Let us turn to another picture of life. I
know a gentleman, alone in the world, with
poor health and a great strnggle on his
hands, a death struggle, a hand-to-hand
conflict for justice. I happen to have had
access to the accounts of the cost of his living
for ten weeks of the present winter. He
liberally supplied himself with nutritious
food at a cost of 39 cents per week, as per
the following account:
Stale bread J2 11
Peas, 8 ct.; milk, 24 eta.; syrup. 7. 39
Prunes, 50 cts.; apples (dried), 00 cts 1 40
$3 90
Coals cost him 13 cents per week, and oil
for light, 2 cents; rent cost him $1 per
month.
THE PADS OP A QUEEN.
Victoria Uaea Elht Tain of Blankets a
Illonth and Oil Feet Warmer.
New York Herald. J
Queen Victoria has to have blankets es
pecially woven for her. ' She sleeps in them
instead of between linen sheets, like us
everyday people. Indeed they are more
like woollen sheets which we know as
blankets very soft and fleecy and quite
tbin. And as the never uses them after
they are lanndered she has about eight pair
of new ones a month. The old ones? Oh,
they go to the hospitals.
Then she has queer little contrivances in
which to keep her feet warm, for such a
thing as your much heated rooms is un
known in her palaces. So she sits with her
feet tucked into these fur-liued bags, foot
muffs. I suppose you will call them. These
and the blankets are made for her by a
very renowned firm, which has supplied
her wants in this line for the last 40 years,
SCRATCHES LIKE A SCHOOLBOY,
What the Printers soy Abont Editor Henry
Wattprnon'a Handwriting.
Atlanta Constitution.
"Every few days," said an old-time prin
ter who has spent many an hour over Henry
Watterson's "copy" last night, "a printer in
our office would be fired out of the compos
ing room for bulling Watterson's copy. It
was horrible. His editorial always went
.through a regular course of proof reading,
ana men came out nap-nazara. xnere was
one old printer in the office in 1886 that had
been connected with the Journal and Cou.
rier-Journal for CO years, and he was the
only man that could read Mr. Watterson's
copy.
"He writes with ink, and scrawls, and
scratches, and blots, like a schoolboy. We
used to dread his copy."
?M
1
CAPITAL AND TOIL
Moneyed Men of Pittsburg Have
Never Feared Manual Labor.
AN AUTHOR'S VISIT YEARS AGO.
Wealth With Refinement Contrasted With
Wealth Without It.
A SINGER'S IMPRESSION OP THE CITI
tWKlTTIN VOB TUB UISrATCH.1
One day a good many years ago, James
Fartoo, the well-known writer of books and
magazine articles, made his appearance in
Pittsburg. He had come to "write up the
town" for the iffaiittc Monthly, and with
out delay he sought the newspaper offices as
being the most copious sources of such in
formation as he desired.
More than one newspaper man went with
him on his various expeditions, acting as
guides to the most striking and representa
tive points of interest. I believe, by the
way, his very first request was that he be
directed to a tack lactory. He thought the
machinery for putting the heads and points
on little one ounce tacks must be
the epitome of all the most wonderful
manufacturing machinery to be found any
where. He found what he cameto find, and
an exceedingly interesting descriptive article
was the result. It described, and described
well, the phasesof Pittsburg life and activity
that would most'strongly impress a stranger;
aud the method of making tacks was dealt
wlth'in an interesting manner. But the
Pittsburg he described was necessarily the
external Pittsburg, with only here and there
an imperfect glance into the inner character
of things. No doubt it was more interesting
so to the general reader; for strangers are
desirous of knowing the things that would
impress them on a similar visit. They
might not value the deeper insight of tho
more intimate and leisurely observer.
CAPITALISTS -WOUKED TOO.
But the observation which was really the
most significant ot all made by the distin
guished visitor I don't think got into his
article at all. I heard him talking about
his visit to one of the creat iron mills, and
he mentioned a thing that had surprised and
interested him very greatly. He and his
guide had encountered in the mill a 'man
who seemed to be in authority, but whose
face and hands were grimy with work. Some
emergency had arisen, it seemed, and this
man, not content with giving orders how to
meet it, had tnrned in and helped as actively
and effectively as any mill hand of them
all. He left his work and devoted himself
with cordial courtesy to the visitor, giving
clear and masterlyl and very practical in
formation so long 'as the visit lasted. And
the surprise in the visitor's mind war occa
sioned by learning that this most interest
ing entertainer was not a very exception
ally admirable foreman, but one of the pro
prietors ot the mammoth establishment, and
one of the wealthiest men in the city.
That was a fact which a stranger within
the gates might Well ponder anddigest at
his leisure. I remember once bearing Hon.
James Lowry, when he was Mayor of Pitts
burg, sav with gieat pride to a party of "vis
itors, "The richest men we have are work
ers; and the best workers are likely to be
come the richest men."
WORTHY OP CONGBATUIiATIOir.
And that is the fact or was then; for
all this, be it observed, refers to a
time more than a tcore of years back in the
past. Things may.be different now, in this
as in most other particulars. But at that
time, I think, a shrewd comnarison'of Pitts
burg with other cities would have brought
out this fact as the characteristic which
most sharply distinguished "old smoky"
from her cotemporaries. Labor and capi
tal were not divorced. They had quarrels
sometimes; but capital remembered its work
ing days, and labor hoped for its days of
moneyed independence, and so they were not
at hopeless odds.
But Mr. Parton, or any other observer,
would have noted only half the fact if he
had stopped with the grimy proprietor help
ing his hands iu the mill. There was more
to it than that, and the rest was quite as sig
nificant and quite as interesting. If the
visitor could have gone home with the rich
mill worker, he would have had another im
pressive revelation. He would have seen
this man surrounded by all the best results
of intelligent and wholesome refinemeut.
And he would have seen further that the
man fitted these other surroundings of de
lightlul home aud social life as perfectly as
he was fitted to the requirements of mill
emergencies. This was another phase of
.Pittsburg s distinguishing characteristic.
Not only did work win money, but it knew
bow to use it and how to enjoy it. The
shrewd wit and the broad intelligence that
knew bow to plan success wrought also in
other directious. It did not expend itself
wholly in accumulation. It had plenty of
force left to bring its possessor well to the
front in matters of general
ENLIGHTENMENT AND CULTIVATION.
The rich worker could talk about and en
joy plenty of other things beside his ma
chinery and his contracts. Of course all
this refers to the best representatives of the
order described. Other sorts there were,
undoubtedly; for money-grubbing and
shoddy are everywhere. But the men I
have spoken of were numerous enough and
strong enough to constitute a definite local
class; while the others belonged to a class as
old as civilization and unhappily peculiar
to no one community on the face of the
earth.
I am tempted to emphasize this repre
sentative Pittsburger of the past (and also
ot the preseut) by contrasting him with
another moneyed worker whom I
rame in contact with very recently.
Far enough away trom Pittsburg this last
specimen dwells, but he is, and always has
been, withiu a dozen miles of a big city, and
could easily be iu constant contact with the
best which to-day's civilization affords. He,
too, represents a class, but it is not a local
or restricted class. He is simply a rather
pronounced type of those people whom
Charles Lamb must have had in mind when
he said, "the Lord showed what He thought
of money by the sort of folks He gave it
to." To begin with, he owns a large and
valuable farm, which is no small wealth in
itself. Beside the farm he has at least
$100,000 securely and very profitably in
vested in mortgages.
HIS HOME LIFE.
He is well euough along in years; and he
and his poor old wife live all alone, their
children having all married and strnck out
independent paths. It is worth noting that
the children married and got away from
home as early as was at all practicable.
One by one they discovered that they had
had enough of the old homestead. There
was no poetical or romantic gtamonr about
it for them. The homestead is a compara
tively new house, built under protest to re
place the cabin in which the children grew
up. It has a good maDy rooms, but only
two ol them, I believe, are furnished; these
are the kitchen and one bedroom. The
"parlor" no person ever looked into except
the members of the family. The old man
had a row with the builder about this
Jront part of the house. He did not want
the expense of having a front chimney put
up, because there would never De any use
for it. But the builder declared he had
never put up a house without a front
chimney, and he never would; and he had
his way, to his patron's great distress of
mind.
Guests; when they come, are entertained
in the kitchen. This is a small enough
space to begin with, and it is reduced a
good deal by a wainscotting of crates and
boxes placed against all the four walls, and
filled with potatoes, turnips and other
matters very desirable in their way. A
stove, four modern chairs and an uneasy
rocking chair which the master occupies
when he happens to come in, and which
neither his wife nor any guest drops into in
his absence, constitute the rest of the furni
ture. VOX X O.BKAT BKATVBB.
Kot ft book or a larap of printed matte la
visible anywhere. Once in a long while the
old man gets a glimpse of an old newspaper
by some accident, and it is startling to hear
him announce, as a bit of late news, some-1
thing which he has just read, and which
the rest of the world has quite forgotten.
He washes himself and combs his hair on
Sunday, and that does for the week. His
heavy boots of cowhide are never replaced
by any neater footwear on week days at
least and I don't think that the legs of his
trousers have ever appeared outside of them.
He works hard, he eats, he sleeps, he
makes money, and he saves it. But what
for? In the wise economy of nature what is
the use of such a man on the face of the
earth? In a certain sort he also is a com
bination of labor and capital; but what a
difference in the two sorts of combinations!
It is curious what surprising impressions
transient visitors in Pittsburg receive. They
are as various as the moods and predielctions
of those who receive them. There was
Bafph Waldo Emerson, for instance. Many
years ago he visited the city to deliver a
lecture, and he seemed to pay but very
slight attention to the smoke, the noise, the
fiery illumination, the iron statistics or any
thing else that interest most people. But a
grave and venerable gentleman was intro
duced to him. Emerson discovered that
this Pittsburger was a scholar, and shortly
he declared that he should always remem
ber Pittsburg with delieht. because it had
revealed to him an Orientalist who was rich
beyond measure in Eastern lore. That one
fact was of signal value to the visiting phil
osopher. a singer's imtbessioks.
The oddest and most mistaken impression
imaginable was that which oppressed
Parepa, the glorious singer whom all Pitts
burgers so loved to honor. In a confi
dential moment she declared that she?
always appeared before a Pittsburg audi
'ence with tear and trembling, apprehensive
that the verdict should be against her.
True, the people had always been kind, but
she teared'that an unhappy moment wonld
come when she would forfeit their favor.
She could not account for the feeling, and
she could not banish it. I think she bet
tered her impressions at last.
But perhaps the most startling impres
sions received were those described, not by
any visiting stranger, but by a native ot
Pittsburg whom I met not very long since.
He had grown up iu the city, and had
lived there for a time after the war. Then
he went away, and through varied stress of
cirenmstances he has remained away ever
since until the year 1890. I met him after
his visit to the old home, and he seemed
disappointed and ill at ease in his mind.
It was not so much that there had been
changes; he expected to find changes. It
was not so much that the place had grown;
that also was to be expected. He had
known, of course, about natural gas, and
was quite prepared to accept all the marvels
resulting from it. But it was the unexpected
changes, those that he had not prepared
his mind for that unsettled him; and it was
fairly pathetic to hear him lament the dis
tresses that had come npon him. And what
do you suppose was the change which hid
most stunned him with surprise?
"Why 1" he said to me with a very long
face, "they've moved the Mayor's office! I
suppose I heard about it at the time, but
I'd forgotten it, and it just knocked the
breath out of me!"
It is not difficult to imagine what must
have been the general effect of the present
Pittsburg upon an old resident who ex
pected to find the present Mayor's court
still sitting in the Wilkins building on
Fourth avenue! James C. Puedt.
HOW SEKAT0ES WRITE.
None of Tbem Coma Up to tho Standard Set
by the School Teachers.
Washington Poit:
"I've been thinkin'," said my old friend,
Uncle Jabey Larrabee, of Illinois, in the
Senate gallery yesterday, "what'tarnal non
sense it is for us to teach our children how
to write accordia' to rule, for no man ever
got to be great, seems to me, till he un
learned all tbem rules an' went to writin'
accordia' to his own idee of how it should
be done.
"Naturally ef we was lookin' fer great
men, we'd come to the United States Senit
to find 'em; so it's wuth while to watch how
these Seniters write. Look at Seniter Dolph
over there now. He's holdin' his pen like
he was afraid somebody was comin' to take
it away f 'm im. See 'm grip it! An' look
bow he sets, eortV quarterin' at his desk
with nothin' but about half or his forearm
restin' on it. You notice he holds bis pen
holder 'way back 'most two inches f 'm the
pen, and his hand is all clinched up.
"Then there's Seniter Wolcott He sets
hunched up over his desk with elbows on it
an' writes in any fashion that comes
handy. First he writes awhile with his
right hand and then with his left Jest now
he's holdin' his pen between his thumb and
fingers, but in a minute, like as not, he'll
grab it up between his second an' third or
third an' fourth fingers an' slash right along
'a if it was all the same. He ain't got rules
enough to put in tea.
"An Seniter Teller look at him, sittin'
there writin' like a-woman on a book in his
lap an' holdin' bis pen atween his first two
fingers. Look at Seniter Hawiey, too,
holdin' his penholder pointm' 'way off to
the right instead of over his shoulder.
Seniter Pierce comes nearer rememberin'
the way he was learnt at school than any
other Seniter there, but even he'd make a
writin' master desperate, for he sticks out
his little finger fer a guide an' holds his
penholder slantin' way off to the right"
AN OLD SCOUT'S TRICK.
He
Uroasht Down Foar Redskins Who
Were Hnrd After His Scalp.
Philadelphia Press.
General Crook and a party were riding
along a spur of the Black Hills one day,
some 12 years ago. when down on the plain
they caught sight of four mounted Sioux
chasing a white man who was astride a
mule. After getting pretty close to the
white man the foremost Indian fired a shot
at which man and mule dropped. Then
the Indians pressed forward, yelling like
fiends.
Suddenly the redskins and ponies began
to fall. By the time General Crook and his
party reached the plain all the red men
were down, and the old scout was laughing
like a lunatic.
"That's great," said the scout "To think
that them cunning Sioux should be fooled
bv such an old trick 1"
'Three dead Indians lay on the ground, the
fourth was dying. The scout went over to
the chap about to leave lor the happy hunt
intr ground and asked:
"Say, red, aid you ever see a wnue man
afore?"
"Lots of 'em," gasped the brave.
"Didn't yer ever hear o' that old trick?"
"Isn" thepale face wounded?" asked the
dying warrior.
"Not a bit," replied the scout. "Yer
didn'tcome within a mile of me. I jess
gave the old mule the hunch to squat and
down he squat 'Twas jess to draw ver on.
Your pards are dead, aud you won't live
long. I hate like the old scratch to hurt a
dying Injun's feeling, but it was enough to
kill to see you ducks open your eyes when I
began to pop. Funniest thing I ever seen."
The poor Indian gazed at the old scout for
a few moments; put his hand to bis fore
head as if in deep thought, then closed his
eyes and died.
X0 TIPS SEEDED HOW.
Walter Are to be Supplanted by Iilttlo
Electric Cars.
New York Bnn.l
The new departure that was made the
other day at a dinner in Baltimore opens up
a vision of blessed relief to those to whom
the average waiter has always been a bete
noir. Instead of the supercilious and in
dependent servitors who usually administer
to the wants of the hungry public, an elec
tric car darted out of the pantry, and is
said to have served the course with neatness
and dispateh. This exemption from air
and tips at the tame time Is an admirable
recommeadatloa of ihk botsI platf.
WHAT MEN BELIETED
Away Back Beyond the Days When
History First Was Written.
SUPERSTITIONS OP SCANDINAVIA
Spirits of Fallen Braves Fought All Day
and Feasted All Slsht.
LEGENDS OP THE BRITISH ISLANDS
rwniTTEN von Tint DiarATcn. 1
Mankind has from all ages been prone to
the most lamentable superstition. The most
enlightened nations of antiquity were as
liable to it as the ignorant. The Hebrews,
according to the Bible, could scarcely be re
strained from following after the golden
calf, Baal and other strange gods. They
probably had some taint of superstition left
in them alter laboring for 400 years for the
Egyptians, whose whole system was a mass
of mysterious observances. "With all of
their advanced civilization and great learn
ing, the Egyptians possessed a remarkable
belief in dreams, omens, magic, charms,
lucky days and astrology.
The Greeks and Bomans learned all of the
black arts from Egypt, and added many of
their own. They believed in the power of
insects and of animals to give warning of
approaching danger, and the appearance of
comets and eclipses put them into wild
frights as indicating great national dis
aster, and every brain seemed to
be fertile with superstitions, delusions
and faith in divination and oracles.
The grossness of these superstitious beliefs
was relieved by the refinements of advanc
ing Christianity, but astrology and alchemy
held their own until the eighteenth century,
when they gradually died out, especially
alchemy, which claimed to make gold out of
baser metals. But even to this day there is
a trace of superstition in the hearts of al
most everybody in every civilized Christian
nation.
THE EARLT SCANDINAVIANS.
The superstitions of the early Scandi
navians accorded with their cold and stern
country. They, too, had abodes for their
gods, which they called Asgard aud Val
halla. Odin, their principal deity, was a
distinguished chief and warrior bold of past
ages. The Scandinavians believed that the
universe was originally a chaos of confused
vapors inhabited oy a race of evil spirits of
vast bulk. Odin was born from these gi
gantic monsters and commenced war against
them, and overcoming their great chief
made the world out of him. He placed four
dwarfs called North, South, East and West
at the corners of the world whose duty it
was to hold up the dome, after which the
luminaries were appointed. Every great
body was represented by a divinity. Frigga,
the earth, became the wife of Odin, and
through them came the inhabitants of the
world.
The fabulous Asgard was represented as
containing many beautiful palaces and
halls, the chief of which was called The
Mansion of Joy, where Odin cat on his
throne, which was called the Terror of
Nations. Two ravens sat always at his ear
telling him of everything then going on in
the universe. Among the deities in Asgard
was Thor, son of Odin, and Warrior, god of
the Scandinavians. Thor was the God of
Thunder, and when he moved the earth
trembled. He always held in his hand a
great hammer called the crusher, which was
invincible, and had a boomerang tendency
of returning alter being thrown, to the hand
of its powerful wielder. Thor rode in a
chariot drawn by two powerful goats named
Sangniostr and Tangrisuer.
THE BEALM OF BEAVE SPIRITS.
The great hall appointed for the reception
of the spirits of the brave when they left
the earth for the realms of the gods, was
called Valhalla. Twelve beautiful but
awful Nvniphs called Valkyries, sur
rounded by lightnings, rode "forth with
bloody corselets and radiant spears to choose
on every battlefield those who should fall.
and lead them as chosen heroes into Val
halla. Thry were there occupied all night
drinking mead, the northern nectar, and
of eating the fat of the wild boar
Serimner, which, like the cruse of
oil failed not, but filled up again and be
came whole every night. This drinking and
eating refreshed the noble warriors whose
pleasant duty it was in Valhalla to ficht
until nearly all of them were cnt to pieces,
which was not of much consequence, as
those ethereal spirits soon recovered them
selves and were always ready to attack the
feasts which followed those dreadful battles.
The skulls of their enemies upon earth
were used as drinking cups, and the warriors
were almost always in a state of spiritual
inebriation. When the cock crew for day
light these heroea would hurriedly abandon
their seats and rush out through the 640
gates of Valhalla and hack each other to
pieces again. This was the eternal round ot
pleasures assigned to departed heroes of
Scandinavia. V
Hel was the Scandinavian goddess of the
dead, and her residence was called Hell
hiem. Gloomy rivers flowed hround her
world, one of which ran through valleys
filled with swords. A dog stands guard at
her cave, whose bark awakes the goddess
and also gives warning to all who hear it
that death is at band. Niord ruled over the
elves of light and controled the winds and
waves. His sister and wife, Freyza, was
the goddess of love. HeJ chariot was drawn
by cats who are the emblems of fondness
and passion. f
QUAFFING BBAOI'S CUP.
Bragi was the god of eloquence and when
men drank Bragi's cup, they vowed to do
some great thing. Even the heir apparent
was not allowed to take the throne until he
had quaffed Bragi's cup. (From this came
our word "brag").- His wile, Idun, guarded
the basket of apples which gave to those who
ate them perpetual youth. The Scandi
navians believed that the spirit of evil was
bound, but that his progeny would prevail
over the gods and the world. This will be
a period of great destruction, the twilight of
the gods, which will be marked by years of
hard frost and sunless air, when there will
be great bloodshed ia the world. The great
wolf will devour the sun, and his brother
the moon, while the world is in darkness
and the stars will vanish from heaven. The
heavens will burst asunder while the ship
NagUar, which is made of dead men's nails,
will float on the waters, while the gods will
ride across the rainbow bridge which will
disappear behind them.
After the destruction of the universe
there will be left dwellings'for the evil and
the good, the worst of which is Nostrand,
where serpents' heads line the walls spit-
ting venom; while in Gimli the good and
virtuous will nnd pertect peace and repose.
But another earth verdant and fresh will
arise from the deep ocean; the uncultivated
fields will bear fruits and strife and evil
will cease; and recovering their records the
gods will await the coming of the All
father who will pronounce judgments and
establish peace that shall endure forever.
THE FOBMS OF WOBSHIP.
The worship ot the gods was always cele
brated in spacions temples or on stone heaps
near some sacred grove where the offerings
could be suspended after being eleansed in a
neighboring fountain by the priestesses.
Human sacrifices were offered in limesof
great danger or distress, while horseflesh
was highly esteemed as an offering. They
periodically sacrificed a hog,.wbich was sa
cred to Frey, on the assumption that the
swine first taught mankind with his nose to
p,Iow the eartb. The people had such a deep
rooted love for their gods that the early
Christian missionaries had to conform their
religion somewhat to the usages of the
simple people, for they stood as loyally to
their beliet as the followers of any faith do
nowadays.
Thus the black dwarfs, elves, giants and
subterranean spirits with which the Norse
man peopled earth, air and water were de
clared by them to be fallen angels and
devils, To this day belief in these raysteri.
owbtUf ttlita ia the minds of the ifaor.
ant, and the people of more intelligence re
late stories of them to their children. Feast
ing, dancing and yule games still occupy
most of the merry months of winter, and the
mistletoe is a part of the ceremonies. A
little mystery is enjoyed by all nations It
adds the sparkle and sharpness to the wine.
In this enlightened age many otherwise in
telligent people believe in omens, in astrol
ogy, in communication with the spirits of
the dead through the agency of an Indian
princess or a bootblack.
ANGLO-SAXON FAITHS.
The Anglo Saxons also believed intha
myths of the Scandinavians, and worshiped
idols emblematic of the tan, moon, earth
and the various seasons. Until this day the
old families of England bring in the yule
log in the Christmas season, a custom which
represents the ancient ceremony of cele
brating the return of the sun with his light
and heat on the turn of the year. They also
believed in elves, dwarfs and giants; in fact,
tho familiar superstitions of Britain are
.based on their histories of these fairy creat
ures. The legendary history of the British
Islands is interfaced with all sorts of wizard
storiei of these queer creatures and of the
"Old Boy" and his connection with them,
and with the monks who often tried to in
crease the belief of the ignorant and super
stitious people in such things. The old
story of Sc Bunstan, Archbishop of Canter
bury, is a specimen. He died ia 988 A. D.,
but when a boy he studied so hard that he
was reduced very much, but an angel took
him medicine in a great storm. StDunstaa
ran toward the church to return thanks,
when he was met by Satan and many black
dogs. He was enabled by faith to fight off
his pursuers, when the angel carried him
through the roof and set him down in the
church. Another time the "old gentleman"
came to get the saint when St. Dunstan took
the devil's hot tongs and seized the fiend by
the nose with it, causing his hasty retreat.
FAIRIES AND THE BABIES.
Great fear was always upon mothers that
the fairies would steal their infants from
the cradles, and even men and women were
supposed to be carried away by them. They
had to make a septennial present of one of
their number to Satan, and they preferred
to present one of the human family instead.
They carried away young married women to
be nurses for the fairies' infants, and in Ire
land it is yet believed that when a young
married woman dies of puerperal fever that
the fairies have carried her off for their
peculiar uses.
The land of the fairies was situated some
where under ground, where tbey had splen
did palaces and rbere their kings and
queens held brilliant court with wonderful
processions, magnificent dressing, princi
pally of a bright greeu color, and many rode
on beautiful milk-'white steeds. When they
came on top of earth among the shady
groves, they would mingle in the dance to
such delicious and ravishing music as mortal
ears never heard. All early visitors do not
agree on the many features of fairy land,
but they all give their king and queen the
names of Oberon and Titania. Early Ger
man and-French writers speak of them, and
the French say that Oberon was a tiny
creature of great loveliness, with a crown of
jewels and a horn in his hand, whose sweet
music set everybody dancing.
In Scotland it was the custom to roast the
supposititious child whentheimposterwould
disappear and the real child would reappear,
loadstones were considered an infallible
preservative as against fairies stealing the
children. Education has not yet been
spread far enough in the British" Isles to
wholly eradicate the superstitious belief in
fairies in their various forms.
Bumbaxo.
HE CUT OFF BIS THDMB.
Oesperato Means Taken by a nihilist to
Ecape Siberia.
Petrovski was the most magnificent man
physically that was in our miserable party
bound for Siberia from Moscow under a
strong guard two years ago, says a Russian
exile in the New York Herald. Unlike tho
other prisoners, Petrovski and his party
were handcuffed to each other. They were
under a double guard, as it was known that
they would make an attempt to escape
should the opportunity offer. No chance
offered, however, until the day of starting
for the mines arrived. The soldiers who
were guarding the party appeared to be
rather under the influence of liquor, and
were not so vigilant as usual. I stood on
the stoop of a small inn within ten feet of
Petrovski and from the expression on his
face I knew that something was in the wind.
The officer who had charge of this part of
the prisoners, who was noted for his brutal
ity, had mounted his horse and stood near
the party. The guard had walked off some
distance and were conversing together. I
saw Petrovski working at his handcuff, and
then I saw bim draw a common dinner
knife from bis jacket
The movement did not attract attention,
and he then turned slightly, so that his
back was toward the officer. Then I saw
that he was going to attemptone of the most
desperate escapes ever heard ot. The man
was certainly amputating his thumb with
the table knife, so as to allow the handcuff
to slip over his handl He worked at it,
never flinching, until the thumbs dropped
at his ieet. The blood was flowing from the
wound in a stream, but he tied if up with a
rag after drawiug the skin over the sicken
ing wound, and had slipped the handcuff
off. His companion was aware of his move
ments, but stood like a statue. The sup
pressed excitement I was suffering from, to
gether with the daring bravery I was wit
nessing, almost made me faint I saw that
the dare devil was as pale as a sheet, but
without the slightest sign of fear.
He stood for a moment irresolute, and
then began a slow side movement toward
the mounted officer. When within a few
feet he turned with the fury of a tiger and
seizing the officer dragged him from the
horse.
Before the guards could recover their
senses be had mounted the horse and started
off at a run down the street. A fnsilade of
shots followed him, but he escaped them
all. His friends aided him, and he eventu
ally made bis way to Paris, where he still
lives, with his wife and family, but minus
his right thumb. '
STANDING ON CEBE1I0NI.
A Slorr by tha Elder Dnmaa Illmtratlnsi
English Stlffbeis and Reserve.
Dumas the elder often laughed at English
stiffness aud reserve. One of his stories was '
this:
"One day Victor Hugo and I were invited
to dine with the Duke of Decazes. Among
the guests were Lord and Lady Palmerstoa
of course this happened before the Febru
ary Revolution. At midnight tea was
handed round. Victor Hugo and I were
Bitting side by side, chatting merrily. Lord
and Lady Palmerston had arrived very late,
and there had, consequently, been no oppor
tunity to introduce as before dinner. After
dinner, it seems it was forgotten. English
custom, consequently did not allow as to be
addressed by the illustrious couple. All at
once, young Decazes came np to us, and
said:
" 'My dear Dumas, Lord Palmerstoa
begs you will leave a chair free between yon
and Victor Hugo.'
"I hastened to do as he wished. We
moved away from each other, and placed a
chair between us. Thereupon Lord Pal- '
merston entered, holding the hand of his
wife, led her up to ns, and invited her to sit
down on the empty chair all this without
saying a word.
" 'My lady, he said to his wife, "what
time have you?'
"She looked at her watch and answered!
" Thirty-five past twelve
" 'Well, then,' said the great minister,
remember well this day, at 12:35, you were
sitting between Alexander Dumas and Vic
tor Hugo an honor which you will prob
ably never enjor again in your lifetime.'
"Then he offered his arm again to his
wife, and took her back to her seat without
saying a word to u, beeaut Vt had set
been ptMstU" '
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