THE FTTTS-BTIRG DlSrATUH. BUJNDAT, MAKCH 30, 1890.
19
ME
iwiuTTijt ron thz nsrXTcn.i
Carl and his mother lived in a small cot
Uee near the end of the village. They were
very poor, and their garden was so small
that they could not raise enough vegetables
to supply them with iood, and many times
they were obliged to go hungry. Carl
thought that if he only had one of the fields
belonging to the rich farmer who lived near
them, he would be happy and could make
his mother comfortable in her old age. But
he had no money, and the farmer would not
part with his land except for shining gold.
Oue very severe winter, after they had
suffered much from hunger and cold, Carl's
mother allowed him to go to the city to find
work; and with many tears she parted from
her only son, who promised to return as
soon as be had saved sufficient to buy the
field; then they would live happy and con
tented in their little home. At first Carl
was very lonely in the great city, and had
some difficultv in finding employment; but at
length his honest face and earnest manner
secured work for him. He was not an idle
boy, and his duties were always promptly
and well done. He worked early and late,
and in less thin two years he saved enough
money to buv the field. He then took leave
of his iriends in the city, and one summer
afternoon joyful'y began his journey on foot
to his home, where he knew his mother
would give him a glad welcome. He had
pone but a short distance when a rider on a
fiery-black horse galloped by, and cried in a
mocking tone:
"Hello, Carl, you must find walking
pleasant on such a hot, dusty day," and
then rode on without waiting for a reply.
But Carl had already recognized Otto, the
son of the rich farmer and a terror to all
the village people. Otto, who was a cruel,
THE TEOUD
selfish boy, had ridden to the city to make a
visit and was now returning home. As he
rode gaily through the forest, laughing
scornfully at the thought of Carl trndginc
over the dusty road, he heard a rustle in
the bushes and an old woman stood before
him, who conrtesied low and said:
"Kind sir, will yon kindly get my key
for me? Some mischievous boys have dur
ing my absence locked the door of my
house and hung the key on that pine tree
just out of my reach."
Otto seized the tey, and alter whirling it
several times on his finger before the anx
ious old face, threw it among the thick
bushes, and cried: "There, old witch, your
key is not too high ior you now; but see
that you do not stumble over it."
As he rode on the old woman cried after
him in an angry tone: "Both you and your
horse shall stumble to-day."
A litile lurthcr on Otto met a poor soldier
who had a wooden leg and walked with a
crutch. The old man limped pain ully,
and as Otto approached, he said: "Oh, sir,
if you would only help me through this for
est; I have traveled far, and my old' hat is
vnru out that it is no protection lrom the
sun.
Instead of pitying his misery, Otto
laughed rudely at the man's nose, which
had become red and swollen by the scorch
ing snn.
"That would be a joke, for me to walk
while you rode," said theboy. "You.ought
to go better on tLree legs than I on two; and
when night comes your red nose will serve
you as a light."
The old man was very angry, and shout
ed after him: "Belore night you shall have
a nose as red as mine, and "as large as a
turnip."
Otto paid little attention to this threat,
and continued his way home. Just at dusk,
as he came to the village where he lived,
his horse stumbled ana threw his rider
headlong to the ground, on which Otto
struck his nose with such violence that the
blood gushed forth, and he could have cried
out with the pain. He went into the tavern
to bind up his bruises; but when the maids
saw him, they screamed with laughter at his
large swollen nose; and all the travelers
who were slopping at the house came run
ning out to see him, and made great sport
of his nose, which was really as large as a
turnip. Finally, Otto was so enraged at the
taunts that he went lrom tbe house his
home. But he was so disfigured by tbe (all
that his father did not recognize him, and
drove him fiom the door; and for many
weeks he was obliged to live on the charity
of the farmers in the neighborhood.
In the meantime Carl, whistling merrily,
hurried on toward his home. At dark he
entered the great forest, and there saw the
poor old woman who was still hunting lor
her key. Carl went to her aid, and with
the help of a ftw matches which he carried
in his pocket, soon found the lost key, and
accepted the old woman's invitation to rest
in her house. Hardly was the door opened
when Carl found himself in a large, hand
somely furnished room, where on the table
stood "heaps of gold. The deformed old
woman had become a beautiful lady who
begged Carl to take as much of the gold as
he could carry. But the boy said he was
young and strong, and could work for the
money.
"You are right," said the lady, "but at
least take this warm cloak for jour mother,"
and she handed Carl a long lur cloafc which
he cratefullv accented. He had cone but a
short distance further when he overtook the
poor cripple who was still plodding wearily
along.
"Let me help yon, old man; I am stronger
than you."
The old soldier thanked the boy, and
leaned heavily on his shoulder. They had
gone but a few steps whon they saw before
them a large castle.
"Here," said the soldier, "is my home."
And as they entered the gate, the old
man limped no more; but was a noble
young knight dressed in royal attire. In
the castle were found all kinds of weapons,
shining swords, shields and helmets, which
had been in many battles. The knight told
Carl to take that which pleased him best.
But the bov answered: "They are all too
grand for mc. I am going home to work in
the fields for my motherland I shall not
need any of these."
"Then," said the knight, handing him a
small bag of grain, "take this seed for your
new land."
"With his bag of seed and his fur cloak,
Carl came at last to his home, wherehe
found his mother, in spite of her great joy
over his return, unable to rise from her bed.
Carl showed her the warm cloak that in the
coming winter would protect her from the
cold; and then threw it around her should
ers. To their great surprise all pain at
once leit the old lady's body, and she was
able to rise and cook supper for her son.
Early the next morning Carl went to buy
the field; but he was told that he conld not
see the farmer, as he was very ill. Carl ran
quickly home and soon returned with the
lur cloak, which he begged the sick man to
put on. As soon as he had done so he be
came well, and showed his gratitude by giv
ing Carl two fields and building a pleasant
and comfortable cottage for him and his
mother, where they lived very happily.
And Carl's grain, grown from the seed
which the knight had given him, was the
envy of all the country. Paysie.
SO T0D5G HEX IN PARLIAMENT.
Tbe Home or Commons a Failure ai a
Political School.
London Saturday Review, l
The House of Commons is failing, as all
thoroughly democratic assemblies fail, in
the function it once served admirably, as a
political school. It fails doubly first, in
getting a number of scholars young enough
n lpnrnt .inrl next, in civinir them their
lesson when it does get them. It may be
questioned whether we have at present,
nrnnerlv sneakincr. any Parliamentary youth
at all. At the present moment we can
hardlv recall any but sir i,. lirey, liord
Carmarthen and Lord Cranborne, who prop-
BOY HUMBLED.
erly deserve that title; and even of these,
the first two will complete their 28th and
tbe last his 29th year respectively this year,
and can certainly not be called boys. We
cannot recall a single member who came
into Parliament at Pitt's age; and though
we do not know the average age of the mem
bers, we suspect that it would turn out to
be not much, if at all, below 50. Take it all
in all, it is certainly a Parliament of middle-aged
or old men, and by no means as
good a school as the earlier Parliaments of
this century have been for youthful states
men. Almost everything tells unfavorably on
the election ot very young men, because
large constituencies, such as are now univer
sal, always prefer a known man to an un
known, and it is impossible for a young man
to be known to such constituencies,.except
in rare cases as the son of his lather; and
almost everything tells unfavorably on their
training, because tbe concentration of the
attention of the democracy on single ques
tions like the Irish home rule question in
volves a monotony of political subject, and,
to insure success, a vehemence of political
declamation which disgusts young men of
any lively political intellect, and repels
them lrom politics. Finally, everything
tells nniavorably on their oratory, because
the immense waste of time on obstruction,
andthe perpetual re-discussion of the same
subjects, render it hardly possible lor them
to speak often, even if they are elected, and
inspire the leaders with aversion lor those
party members who take up the time of the
House, instead of pressing lor a division.
For the most part, tbe "promising young
men" of the party arc men of 38, at least.
HE WENT BOUND AND KODND.
AmnslDK Effort! if a Drunken Man to Pro
gress in a Circle.
Brooklyn Eagle.
The Kambler was on Bedford avenue the
other night, or rather morning, when a man
who had been tarrying with the wine toiled
slowly and painfully up the street. Evi
dently he wanted to reach Broadway, but
just be ore he got to Division avenue
his course shaped itse'f for the fouutain
and he sheered up against tbe iron fence
sunoundiug the basin. He held on with
both hands lor a moment and then started
ahead, keeping his left hand upon the fence.
As the fence is built in a circle he soon
came around to the point from which he had
started. After making the circuit five
times without stopping the Kambler led
bira from the fence and started him up the
avenue. He was profuse in his thanks.
ARNOLD AND THE JAPS.
Tbe Author of the Lieut or Aula Bus Gone
Almost Daft on Jnpan.
Sir Edward Arnold appears to have gone
daft on Japan and its life there. Barely
has such enthusiasm enlivened a European's
impression of a country as Sir Edwin throws
into his criticism of this loveliest of lands.
If the author of the "Light of Asia" does
not take care, he will be writing another
book of poems celebrating the charms of
tiny Japanese women and the ineffable
climate that nourishes their winning ways.
Somebody should go out and Iook alter
him, or he may he naturalized before he
knows it.
EARLY BOOK MAKERS.'
Rolls of Papyrus Carried Down to Us
in the Arms of Mummies.
THE MONKS OF THE MIDDLE AGES.
Titiandorf s Tears of Search for the Writ
ings of the Apostles.
AH IMPORTANT WORK YET MISSING
IWHITIEN FOR TBI DISFATCII.l
Bolls of papyrus have come down to us
as books from a very remote antiquity, the
sixth dynasty, or 2000 B. C. Owing to the
dryness of the Egyptian climate and to the
peculiar manner the Egyptians had of pre
serving them with mummies, thousands of
rolls of papyrus of a religions nature have
been brought down to us through the gray
mist of time, wrapped in the arms, in the
hands, or laid at the feet or somewhere
within the many winding folds around the
mummy. Papyri of a wordly nature were
packed in wooden images or cases and
placed near the monuments of the kings of
those times, and these Egyptian hicroglyph
ical papyri contain the solar litanies and
pictures describing the passage of the sun
during the night through the Egyptian
hades, and representations of the empyrean
gate of heaven.
The ritual was a series of sacred books
containing directions as to what should be
placed on the bodies of the dead for the
better preservation of their souls in the
future state. Parts of these sacred books
were considered mystical, as being written
by the god Thath himself. The hieratic
papyri were written in the common writing
of the time, and relate to the ordinary cur
rent events, accounts of wars, conspiracies
in the palace of Bamesis IIL, etc. One
shows, strange to say, that a charge was
brought against a man for practicing magic
in the nineteenth dynasty, and another for
robbing the royal tombs, and in still
another roll is a contract for the sale of
mummies.
FAMOUS EGYPTIAN LIBRARIES.
At all times in the history of Egypt
libraries or large collections of books seem
to have existed, and at one time over 700,000
volumes were said to have been collected at
Alexandria aud were burned by older of the
ferocious, blood-thirsty Caliph Omar about
A.D.630. Books or rolls of papyrus have been
known since the time of Ezekiel. Job de
sired that his words might be printed in a
book; and also that his adversary had written
a book. Solomon said that of making hooks
there is no end. And in many other places
in the Bible is the word book used. The
word liber in Latin means a book, but is
derived from the cellular tissue of the papy
rus from which the rolls ot papyrus were
made. The English, German aud Dutch
words meaning book are all very much
alike, but as the early writing of those
nations was generally on the inner bark of a
beech tree, it is considered probable that
beech is the root of book. A collection of
books was called by the Bomans libraria,
Tbe Greek word biblos or biblion was orig
inally taken from the Egytian term for
papyrus. From papyius. we have the word
paper.
The Bomans in the early centuries
achieved great skill in manufacturing books
as well as in illuminating them. Ve are
told that the papyrus was prepared with
great care one side for the writing and the
other colored with saffron oil. The pen was
made from a reed or papyrus, which made
the best, and the black and red ink used
was made of auimal carbon, and was as good
as when first put on when found oyer 18
centuries afterward.
SOME FINE WORKS.
About 1,800 rolls of papyrus were dis
covered in Herculaneum. A copy of a fine
book or work of some famous author was
wound around a cylinder which had knobs
of ivory or silver at each end. The book or
roll was about 18 inches deep and was ele
gantly done up and beautifully engrossed
and illuminated in red, blue, gold and black.
These rolls were encased in ac elegant box
f parchment or perfumed wood, and were
handled very carefully. A Boman travel
ing with one of these boxes under his arm
was considered a literary man, and so prided
himself. The specimens of those early at
tempts at bookmaking which have come
down to us, are evidences of the sublime
good taste and unutterable patience of the
engrosser. Their beauties are still as bright
and attractive as when made many hun
dreds of years ago.
Parchment was known at least 500 years
before Christ, but it was not until the Mid
dle Ages that tbe system ot rolls almost
entirely disappeared. Parchment made of
the well prepared skins of sheep, goats and
deer supplanted papyrus. The parchment
was cut into leaves and bound or sewed be
tween two boards. Bookmakers in thote
days were almost exclusively monks, whose
work was well done, and shows us that in
that long, dark period of blood in the world's
bistory,intelligence and high-classed literary
and mechanical skill and labor, were busily
employed in those silent cloisters. Regularity
in lorming the letters of that beautiful old
script was accomplished by lining. Mis
takes were forbidden and no corrections
could be made, but notwithstanding their
great care mistakes were made, and those
mistakes were repeated by their followers
with others of their own, and the conse
quence is that those blunders have set
scholars and interpreters ever since almost
crazy.
ADORNMENT OP THE BOOKS.
Certain of the monks, like other men,
were more deft than others in illuminating
in water colors and gold leal, and could
cover a holy book with beautiful pictorial
illustrations and illuminated letters. Other
monks could bind the work with handsome
wooden backs, often covered with velvet or
leather, and adorn them witli grand sprays
and effects in silver and other metals, some
times even beautifying them with the
precious gems. The hinges and clasps were
gold or silver, beautifully carved.
Had not it been for these diligent monks
we would have had little knowledge of the
dark Middle Ages at all, and works of art
and the classical works would have been all
destroyed by the immense armies of bar
barians and Turks wnich ravaged Europe.
To preserve those books, which took some
times 20 years to copy, they were often
chained to their receptacles to avoid theft,
even in the homes of the nobles. The Brit
ish Museum has a beautiful and costly col
lection of those very rare books. Many
still remain in old dilapidated monasteries,
where the monks cannot read them if in
any language than Latin; but very many
were destroyed by the desolating wars,
when the majority of man and womankind
could neither read nor write.and, of course,
cared little lor books for their literary
worth, but only for their ornamentation and
as household gods.
BURNING THE BOOKS.
About the perilous times of the Beforma
tion many collections of these valuable
works were burned or otherwise destroyed in
mere frenzy and wantonness, but printing
came in about that time and very soon those
who could read could get at more reasonable,
rates all they wanted. But copies of books'
prior to the Reformation are exceedingly
scarce and hih-priced. Many of the laity
commenced to copy tbe religious books, but
the monks and nuns bad, up to the Befonua
tion, supplied tbe religious houses with
copies of holy works. One old Irish monk
named Alcuin occupied 22 years in making
a copy of the whole Bible for Charlemagne.
That interesting book is now in the British
Museum at a cost ot $3,7ol.
.Many ot these old and very valuable
books in England were destroyed in tbe
great social and religions upheaval of
Cromwell's revolution. Even France,
which had grand collections, was almost
robbed of them during the revolution of
1793; and Scotland, which had saved her
valuable libraries from the incursions of the
Danes and other savape invaders, lost them
at last in the great Beformation.
After the establishment of printing the
formsof books changed in the seventeenth
and eighteenth centuries, and even into this
century books were published either folio
or quarto, and strongTvas the arm of the
man that could handle many of them in a
day. In the old times books were pub
lished or copied for the ecclesiastics or the
nobles; but when printing succeeded the
masses were catered to, and as literature
became cheaper and cheaper intelligence
and education illumined the hitherto dark
ened minds, and the Beformation was the
result.
STATIONERS ARE BOOKSELLERS.
In the early stages of book publishing,
book sellers were obliged to cart their books
from city to city and to the fairs, and were
called stationers from their occupying stalls
in the streets. Book sellers and not paper
sellers were and are stationers. Book sellers
and publishers in the old times had far more
trouble and petty annoyances than they
have now. They had all sorts of restric
tions, royal patents and proclamations, de
crees and ordinances and licenses of univer
sities, and charters for monopoly in the sale
of certain kinds of works.
In tbe sixteenth century, under the reign
of Queen Mary, aroyal charter was procured
for the Stationers' Company, of London,
for the purpose of the "removal of great and
detestable heresies." The members were al
lowed to search any place for, and seize all
books, while no man could exercise the
mystery of printing unless he nas of the
Stationers' Company. The charter was af
terward confirmed by Queen Elizabeth, giv
ing the additional power of controlling the
printing and sale of books, and a censorship
over the press, which license expired in 1604.
Parliament was finally compelled to inter
fere in the interests of the publishers and
authors, as against tbe Stationers' Company,
but a commission was found to inquire into
and regulate the prices of books, and to fine
those who charged exorbitantly. This
last was abolished in 1738, from
which time on the book trade
in England has been free.
LONDON THE BOOK CENTER.
London has been ever since the center of
the world of books. It is the locus toward
which all authors turn their anxious eyes,
and from it books are shipped all oyer the
world, in all languages, and any rare book
that may be wanted may always be found
there. Stationers' Hall is situated there, in
which rights to literary property may be in
scribed, and through its channels are the
most ample means of making literary intel
ligence known.
As the price of books decreased the form
of libraries developed in the minds of men,
and gradually vast numbers accumulated,
in the cities and colleges principally.
Borne, in the Vatican, holds tbe hrst collec
tion in the world, and the British Museum
Library probably contains the next. There
are scattered throughout all monkish
countries in monasteries and convents many
of the very best books and rolls written in
all languages, principally Greek, which are
really Greek to most monks, which would
cause many a student's heart to throb it he
could only get to them. He could find in
them histories of things dead to the world
for many centuries. He could find con
firmation of many now uncertain things
which have become mysterious in the dusty
shadows of time.
SEARCHING FOR THE SCRIPTURES.
Titiandorf, when a young man, becoming
dissatisfied at not finding among books con
firmation of the life and death of the Savior3
decided that it was his duty to spend his life
in searching among libraries and monaster
ies until he found some of the writings of
Christ's Apostles. With very little money
he started on his long journey, and alter
many years of toil, suffering, privation and
want, found himself one nigbt near the citv
of Erzroum on the Black Sea. He was sick
with malarial fever aud obtained permission
to enter a monastery. Be was so chilly that
he asked lor a lire, and an old monk Drought
a great armlul of aged manuscripts and
tried to make the fire burn with them.
After the monk left the room, Titiandorf
jumped out of bed and examined the fire.
To bis amazement and great joy he found
that the manuscript which would not burn
was a copy of St. Matthew in the Greek
language, copied in the year A. D. 308 by
order ot Constantine. He had to get an
order from the Emperor of Bussia belore he
was allowed to take that document away,
because the monks thought it must be valu
able, and that is tbe earliest authentic docu
ment bearing on the writings of the Apos
tles. And it was written 275 years after the
death of Christ.
A BOOK TET TO BE FOUND.
In one great library Titiandorf found a
valuable piece of vellum (finer than parch
ment) which contained a refutation of the
divinity of Christ. Upon closer inspection
he discovered that theie had been something
written on it before and erased, as was often
done in early times because of the high
price of good parchment After putting it
through a chemical process and using a fine
glass he was enabled to make out a docu
ment exactly the reverse of what was written
on its face, a document ot the earliest ages
asserting the truth ot Christ's life and death.
Titiandorf was of the belief (and vainly
hoped that it might occur before his death)
that the documents will some day be found
in some out-ol-the-way library,or perhaps in
the Vatican itself, which will confirm be
yond a doubt the whole history of Christ's
sorrowful life and death. He considered
himself well repaid tor his sufferings and
search by the finding of those documents,
but the book yet to be found which contains
the history of that chasm in time will be the
grandest book or roll of papyrus that has
ever yet been found. It will be the book of
books to us. Bumbalo.
A SALOON IN A HACK.
IIott a Philadelphia Cabby Get Abend of
Mr. Brooks.
Philadelphia Inquirer.!
There is a certain hackroan in this town
who owns his vehicle, and who has had
made by a retail leather man a circular belt
which reaches around the inside of the hack.
This belt is made into pockets of various
sizes and shapes, and will hold bottles of
beer, flasks of whisky, bottles of sherry, and
places for cigars aud cigarettes.
Alter tbe saloons close at midnight this
hackman sallies forth from his lair, as he
does also on Sunday, and proceeds to ply his
trade. Now comes a party of lour who are
"on to" the game. They hire the hack by
the hour, and the hackmau drives where he
pleases, or according to the orders of his
passengers. Meanwhile, the aforesaid party
is enjoying all the privileges of a first-class
barrom, having everything they want, even
to seltzer, apollinaris, liquidized rock candy
and all other barroom condiments. "When
they select a bottle they put into the pocket
from which it was taken the amount of
money printed on the pocket
It irequently happens that the hackdnver
gets an extremely convivial party which
hires the hack ior a whole day, and his
estimated pi outs, outside of what ho receives
for the actual hire of the hack, amount to
about 510.
T1PP0 TIB'S NAME.
His
Soubriquet Derived From tbo Sound
Mnde by a Riflr.
Hamad ben Mohammed Tippo Tib ac
companied Mr. Stanley down the Lualaba
to the Seventh Cataract in 1876. The origin
of the latter soubriquet is peculiar. It was
applied to him by the people at Kassongoin
consequence of their hearing the sharp,
distant rattle of the bandits' guns when on
some of their slave-catching excursions.
The crack ol the rifle-shot sounded in their
ears like "tip tip tip."
Another name that has beeu given to this
remarkable man, on the eastern side of Cen
tral Africa, is "M'Kango Njaa" "Afraid
of Hunger" for the natives in the famine
stricken regions declare that that is the only
enemy of which Hamad, with his large
caravans traversing their barren country, is
in dread. This man's life lor the past 30
years Has been one constant succession of
adventures. He is at the present moment
the strongest and most formidable ruler in
the Congo regions ot Equatorial' Africa.
SUNDAY THOUGHTS
-ON-
MORiLSMAIERS
BY A CLERGYMAN.
1WEITTZX roit THS DISPATCB.l
Certain oracular critics are never tired of
asserting that in this work-a-day age religion
has lost its grip. Trne, statistics are against
them the statistics of denominational prog
ress, of ministerial efficiency, of benevolent
expenditure, and of the practical power of
Christianity. Just now a significant refuta
tion comes from New York City. Phillips
Brooks, or Boston, and Dwight L. Moody, of
Chicago, have been laboring there cotem
poraneously. The first preached in old
Trinity, at the head of Wall street in the
very home of Mammon. The second preached
on Fifth avenue, in the haunt of fashion.
Both spoke to multitudes, while greater
multitudes were turned away for lack of
standing room. Dr. Brooks held forth at
high noon the high tide of business. Mr.
Moody's meetings opened at 10:30 A. M.
Not even in a political campaign, remarks
a secular cotemporary, published on tbe
spot, could the most famous orators give a
succession of six lectures on the tariff, or on
the Southern question, and command such a
hearing as these men have had for their dis
courses on redemption. Max O'Bell is a
popular lecturer; Kennan interests great
audiences; but neither could speak six days
in succession to crowded seats and aisles in
the middle of the day. A lecture on "So
ciety" in Fifth avenue, or on "Success in
Business" down town, could not get such an
audience during business hours. Yet Mr.
Moodv got a donble audience on Fifth ave
nue, jamming two immense churches, one
at 10:30 and the other an hour later; as Dr.
Brooks could easily have done had his
strength permitted the second effort at the
head of "Wall street. And their theme was
religion! Man has been defined as a re
ligious animal. He is a-throb with immor
tality. He recognizes that he does not live
by bread alone. When he is not interested,
it is the preacher who is the failure, not the
gospel.
Fields for Investigation.
A scientific writer in the London Lancet,
referring to some of the unsolved problems
of science, remarks: Foremost among them
must be placed the qnestion of the nature of
life. "Life," says Herbert Spencer, "is the
definite combination of heterogeneous
chances, both simultaneous and successive,
in correspondence with external coincidences
and sequences." This is not clear. "Life,"
says Aristotle, "is the primary reality of an
organism." This is true, but inadequate.
What modern science has really established
regarding life is that it always proceeds
from life.
Next among the unsolved problems must
be placed the problem of origins. Whence
came this globe? Whence came man? What
was the origin of mineral, of plant, of ani
mal? The nebular hypothesis and the Dar
winian theory are subtle and profound, but
even if established they would still leave
the problem of origins obscure.
In the realm of disease unsolved problems
abound. We cannot account for the origin
of any of that large class of diseases, which,
so far as we can see, invariably take their
beginning in a definite particular virus. We
can discover and formulate the conditions of
their growth and development, but their
original source remains a mystery. Yet it is
in just this department that the outlook is
most hopeful. The genius of a Pasteur or
a Koch, however rare, is not without its
parallel, and the achievements of these ob
servers should make the work of future in
vestigators snrer and less arduous. The
true scientific attitude is one of legitimate
satisfaction at past successes with the frank
recognition that this is no time for calling a
halt and sounding pseans of victory.
I,envlns School Too Soon.
One of the London periodicals has this to
sayregarding Iree education and the words
apply as well to this country: The school
master is the best policeman. Juvenile
crime has diminished in 30 years from 70
per 100,000 to 17.6. The general condition
of those classes of society which are affected
by the elementary school system is vastly
improved. But English children leave
school at far too early an age, so that this
thin varnish of education rapidly wears off
in contact with the friction of every day
life, and too many of our children sink
back into what may truly be called the bar
barisms of our streets. Hence we ought to
endeavor to emulate the example of Con
tinental countries, and not only keep the
children at school longer, but insist upon
their subsequent attendance at evening con
tinuation schools. Until the richer class
feel that the thorough education of the
poorer is the greatest possible safeguard
against social upheaval, and the poorer
classes see that in education lies their best
hope of ameliorating their condition, the
full benefits of our expenditure will not be
realized.
Anpealu to Personal Interest.
The late Horace Mann once made an ad
dress in the aid of some practical charity in
which he said that if one boy could be saved
by the outlay involved in the plan under
consideration, the whole cost would be justi
fied. After the meeting, as two gentlemen
left the hall, one said to tbe other: "Don't
you think that statement rather exagger
ated?" The other, after a moment's thought, re
plied: "No, not if the boy saved was my
boy."
In all reformatory efforts it is well to re
member this. Let us personalize the mat
ter. It will emphasize the difference be
tween meom and tuum, aud teach us per
haps that what seems like a nostrum is
really a panacea. An application is a spear
of Ithureal. At its touch truth drops its
mask and stands revealed.
The Dlsnrmnmrnl of Europe
As to the probable results of the Berlin
Labor Conference, held under the auspices
of the young German Kaiser, M. St.
Hilaire, one of the most prominent states
men of the late French Empire, i3 reported
in Galignani's Messenger, as saying that
in his opinion one of them will be the aboli
tion of the monstrous military incubus that
at the present stifles the energies of the
nations. It is significant that within a few
days the Pope has offered his services.- to
the great powers in the interest of this
"consummation devoutely to be wished."
Civilization on both sides of tbe Atlantic
will cry amen. The only way to pay off
the mortgage which Mars holds on the
world, is to unharness those millions of
soldiers, and let them get to work.
Out of III" Bounty.
There died recently in Philadelphia a
man who, by the blessing of God upon his
industry, economy and skill, had risen from
poverty to riches, and who used his pros
perity to glorify its divine author. For
several of his later years his gr'ts to the
Lord averaged $1,000 a week, and tbe whole
sum ot his contributious to religious and
charitable uses was considerably over
$1,000,000. He;was a Baptist, hut his liber
ality wax not confined to his own denomina
tion, nor was it indiscriminate, but wise and
systematic
Trjlne It on Themselves.
" Tbe Congregationalist tells of a minister
who hired a stenographer to take down one
of his Sunday evening sermons. Besult :
Upon reading it on Monday morning a
rather disgusted clergyman, more sympa
thetic with his people than ever belore, but
convinced that the experiment paid.
It might oe well, remarks the New York
Ooseirer, for ministers to preach their ser
mons into phonograph, and then hear them
before they deliver them. They would doubt
less think'less of them, and the congregation
might recognize an , improvement in their
spiritual food.
'Tis an age of experiment. Suppose the
clergy try one or other of these plans. It
might task their patience. But better so than
to strain the patience of the flock.
Advice to the Benedict.
Our blunt but shrewd friend, Mr. Moss
back, writes the following open letter to a
young gentleman just married:
"My Dear Friend:
"I wish to whisper in your ear that your
wife is not an angel. I know you used to
call her so, and perhaps you really believed
it, but I should like to know bow an angel
conld get along living with such a fellow as
you are. No, she's charming and lovely
and good-natured and all that, but she's no
angel; the winga haven't even begun to
grow. So you must treat ber as a woman
should be treated with love and good ma
terial support. She will want money to
spend and dresses to wear, and the bill for
what she puts on her head you will have to
foot, aud I should not wonder if a box of
chocolate creams once in a while would be
acceptable. If she isn't extravagant, just
meet these expenses like a man. You must
expect them so long as you didn't marry a
bona fide angel.
"Do not go to the other extreme, and when
you find out that she is not an angel, treat
her as though she had no more feeling than
a stone post or graven image. I tell you,
man, she is very much the same sort of girl
after you married her that she was before.
She likes to have vou offer her you arm and
pick up her handkerchief and show the lit
tle marks of deference and attention that
yon used to show before you were joined in
wedlock. Moreover, she is not 60 years old
yet; you wouldn't have married her if she
been. And yet you expect ber to make just
as good squash pies and plum puddings as
your mother makes. Why, your mother has
been at it for 40 years, more or less, so of
course she knows how to make squash pies;
but you have hardly been married three
months yet.
"In fact, my dear fellow, you have mar
ried one of the dearest girls in all the world,
but she is made of flesh and blood and isn't
quite perfect yet. That is all there is ol it
It would have been a very unequal sort of
match if she were altogether perfect. You
have got as good a bargain as she has. Ju
recognize these tacts and you'll be as happy
in your married life as the years are long.
'Your triend,
A. Mossback.1
Three Interesting Driinlilons.
Here are three current definitions which
are worth conning:
The nobility of Europe is composed of
families in the twilight of departed glory,
whose members think they have a right to
be nothing because their forefathers were
something.
Mind is a thing mostly used nowadays for
promoting the welfare of matter.
An agnostic is one who believes that he
knows and knows that he does not believe.
Four Short Sermons.
A keen, sharp man of the world read Mrs.
Ward's "Robert Elsmere." After attentively
considering the "new religion" of her hero, he
said:' "I can't discover either the novelty nor
the religion."
According to the statistics jnst published
the Congregational denomination counts 475,000
members. This' is a gain of 18,000 over last
year.
Cherish yonr ideals.
A level-headed woman has this to say:
Very good husbands make a grave mistake in
behaving as if the money deposited with their
wives for family expenses were a gift to them
individually. This is a masculine blunder that
poisons the happiness of more women than we
like to think of, or than men would believe.
Gems From Different Authors.
I FIND the gayest castles iu the air that were
ever piled far better for comfort and ue
fulness than the dungeons in tbe air that aro
daily dug and caverned out by grumbling and
discontented people. Anonymous.
Grace alone can preserve grace. When we
get a particular blessing we need another to
preserve it Adam Clark,
Temptations are a file which rubs off the
rust of self-confidence. X melon.
Religion U no value to a merchant unless It
keeps him from putting false labels on his
goods; or to a plasterer unless it keeps him
from putting up a ceiling he knows will crack
in six months; or to a farmer unless it keens
him from putting the only sound pippins on
top of the barrel. Talmage.
Love and a cough cannot be concealed.
Latin Froverb.
The only path to a tranquil life is throngh
virtue Juvenal.
There is no small pleasnro in purs water.
Ovid,
Men's conversation Is like their life. Seneca.
I hold this to be the rule of life: Too much
ot anything is bad. Terence.
AN EMPEROR AMONG THIEYES.
The Yonne Ruler of China Has a Ron eh
Experience In Peking;.
It is a favorite pastime of the young Em
peror of China to wander in ordinary
Chinese clothes through the streets of
Peking, in order to learn what his subjects
may think of him and his government. The
Emperor had gone but a short distance from
his palace on one ot these trips late in the
afternoon of last December 28, when he saw
a Chinese beggar picking the pocket of a
respectable merchant. The Emperor prompt
ly caught the beggar by the back of his
blouse, cuffed his cars and forced him to re
turn to the merchant the stuff stolen lrom
bis pocket.
In Peking beggars and pickpockets are
protected by a kind of unwritten law, and
anyone who interferes with a beggar in the
prosecution of his employment, exposes him
self to the vengeance of tbe guild. The
young Emperor brought up in a restaurant
but a few rods from the scene of the row.
He had hardly taken the first sip of his cup
of tea when everyone in the restaurant was
startled by a wild hullabaloo. The landlord
went to tbe door. He found BO beggars be
fore bis house, under the leadership of the
fellow whose ears the Emperor had boxed.
They ordered the landlord to hand over im
mediately to them the young man who h id
offended against all the unwritten laws and
precedents of the Peking guild of beggars.
The landlord recognized their demand as
perfectly legitimate, and hurried to quell
the disturbance by delivering up the of
fender. The young Emperor, however, ob
jected very strenuously, spoke such supreme
Chinese that the landlord perceived he had
to do with the son of some big-wig. As a
special favor, therefore, he offered to parley
with the band of beggars tiil their intended
victim could summon some of his friends to
his assistance.
The Emperor gladly accepted the sug
gestion. He dispatched a messenger at once
to the Governor of the palace, commanding
him to hurry to the snot at once with two
companies of soldiers. The Governor and
the soldiers came, rescued the Emperor and
lugged the 00 bejgarsoff to jail. The land
lord got $250 for his consideration. The
leader of the beggars and three of his com
rades were executed the next day. The
Emperor has.given orders to the Peking
officials that the authorized system of
begging must go.
BISMARCK .NOT AN LP1CDRE.
Nevertheless He Krrus n CIoso Wnicb on
HI Chef Ills Drinks.
New York Herald.l
Bismarck cinnot be called an epicurean.
His tastes arc not delicate enough lor that.
But he has a keen relish for the good things
of the table. Beluctautly yielding to the
admonishment of his doctors, however, he
no longer indulges in the heavy drinks
notably, porter mixed with champagne
which used to be his favorite beverages. At
his meals only tbe lightest and most digesti
ble dishes make their appearance.
He himselt draws up every morning with
his chef de cuisine the menu for the day;
uinl even if ambassadors are waiting in the
ante-chamber the cook is received without
delay. At the table he notes down snch
critical expressions on the dishes as trop
en it, pas tendre for the instruction or reproof
of his cook.
MOKE PRETTY HOMES.
Hints on the Problem of Living Well
on a Moderate Income.
TWO-STORY COTTAGE FOR $1,200.
It is Handsome, Kooray, Comfortable and
Well Finished at That.
0NE-ST0EI COTTAGE FOR ,$J00 LESS
IWRITTKr FOB TIIE DISPATCH. !
The problem of living comfortably, al
most elegantly, on a moderate income, is
fairly in the way of solution by tne family
that owns and tenants a cottage like this.
This cottage is large enough, not too large,
just large enough for a family of average
number, with at least one room to spare for
the requirements of hospitality. Following
will be found a brief description:
General dimensions: Width, 22 feet 6
inches; depth, 36 feet 6 inches. Heights of
stories: Cellar, 6 feet; first story, 8 feet 6
inches; second story, 8 feet; attic story, 8
feet.
Exterior materials: Foundations, stone;
side wails, gables and roof, shingles.
Interior finish: Two coats o ' rlaster and
paper. Trim, staircase and flooring, white
pine (or other soft wood), hard finished in
first story and painted in second story.
'"yfC
Perspective of Two-Story Cottage.
Colors: Boof shingles, stained red; all
other shingles stained sienna. Trim aud
outside doors painted green; panels of bay
and facia of main cornice, light green.
Sashes red. Porch floor and ceiling, and
brick wort of chimney oiled. Stone work
pointed with red mortar.
Accommodations: All the rooms and
their sizes are shown by tbe floor plans.
There is a small cellar under the kitchen.
The balcony is covered by the overhang of
the roof.
Feasible modifications: Heights of stones.
First Floor Flan.
colors, sizes of rooms and kinds of materials
may be changed. Porch seat (or flower
stand) may be omitted. A veranda may be
built across the whole front, in which case a
roof should be planned to cover the bay
(omitting balcony) as well as the veranda.
The bay may be carried up through the
second story. Dormers may be built
to give better light and air
Jffs. As
Jd . (Z J
060yu 7p a'h'i'io'h-
J8s&.
e'o'xs'.o
Second Floor Flan.
to attic rooms. The tno front bedrooms on
second floor may be combined to form one
large room. The second story may be
omitted.
The last named modification is suggested
to meet the demand for one story cottages,
but it is not recommended because tbe sacri
fice of room is not properly compensated by
the savirg of cost. The exterior appear
ance of the one-story design is satisractory,
as may be seen by the illustration. The
attic story rooms :ire one foot higher than
Hf lAs
n r ij 0 c.iwim. .. - .
Jdrt..tfW 7C(-6'te$..
HJ
0W Uu,
So
Attic floor Flan.
the attic story rooms of the two-story cot
tage. A feasible modification of tbe one
st)ry cottage is to build a veranda across tbe
front; carrying the gable forward covers the
In,
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A.;l.'.l!'..'. r-m pp 7tw!:4
tuirfff , , , , i i,i wwaaaa
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veranda and adds to the space of tbe attic?
floor.
?.
Ferspeclive of One-Story Cottage.
Estimates of cost, based on New York
prices for material and labor, as follows:
Two-story cottage, as described, without
modifications, 1,200; one-story cottage, as
described, without modifications. 8800; two
story cottage complete, except finishing tho
attic rooms, 1,050.
WANTED TO KISS DOLLY.
A Fivc-Yenr-Old Girl's Startling Perform,
once in ir Toy Store.
Chelsea Kccord.J
The other day a little 5-year-old girl called
at a iiroadway toy store and asked if they
had any little dolls for a cent A pretty
little earthenware doll was handed out, and
the little girl took it in her tiny hands, gazed
into the doll face as if admiring its beauty,
and then raising it to her lips gave it a fer
vent kis. "I jess wanted to kiss little dollr
dat's all I wanted!" and she handed the)
little image back to the astonished salesman,
and tripped lightly out upon the busy street
with a beaming smile of satisfaction.
BOTTLE
Restored Lost Appe
tite and Cured my
Dyspepsia. Mes. E.
A. jENKlsg, 819 Car
son St., Pittsburg. Pa.
mbZ7-!H-DU-k
HSTTIER
814 I'K.N.N AVENUE. I'lTTsBUUG. 1M.
As old residents know and back Hies ot Pitts,
bnrg papers prove, is the oldest estal listed
and most prominent physician in the city, de
voting special attention to all chronic diseases.
fnesNO FEEUNTILCURED
MFRVfil IQand mental diseases, physical
1 1 Lfl V UUo decay, nervous deDility, lack of
energy, ambition and hope, impaired memory,
disordered slirht. self distrust, bashfnlness,
dizzioess, sleeplessness, pimples, eruptions, im
poverished blood, failing powers, organic weak
ness, dyspepsia, constipation, consumption, un
fitting the person for business, society and mar
riage, permanently, safely aud privately cured.
BLOOD AND SKIN .Woit.
blotches, falling bair, bones, pains, glandular,
swellings, ulcerations of tongue, mouth, throat;
nlcers, old sores, are cured for life, and blood
poison3 thoroughly eradicated from the system.
1 1 R I M A R V k'dney and bladder derange
UnllNrtnij meats, weak bacK. gravel,
catarrhal discharges, inflammation and other
painful symptoms receive searching treatment,
prompt relief and real cures.
Dr. Whittier's life-long, extensive experience
insures scientific and reliable treatment on
common-sense principles. Consultation free.
Patients at a distance as carefully treated as it
here. Office hours 9 A. jr. to 8 P. M. Sunday,
10 A. 31. to I p. 3t. only. DPw WHITTIEK, SU
Penn avenue. Pittsburg, Pa.
mbS-to-DSUwk
How Lost! How Regained,
rT
- ?
rfjAu
c&
mm THYSELF..
'.L'n i-i scxizncx: op Tii 'aji
A Scientific and Standard Popular Medical Treatise on
the Errors of Youth, Premature lecIine,Kervona
and rnyslcal Debility, Impurities of the Mood,
Vf;i!L
VA
i5)lf"J''i4
h.j'a i
Resulting from Folly, Vice, Ignonnce, Ex
cesses or Overtaxation, Enervating and unfit
ting the victim for Work, Business, the Uar
riage or Social Relations.
Avoid unskillful pretenders. Possess tbisj
oat work. It contains 300 pages, royal 8vo.
Be mtiful binding, embossed, fall gilt. Price,
on v SI by mail, postpaid, concealed in plain
wrapper. Illustrative Prospectus Free, if you,
apply now. The distinguished author. Wm. H.
Parker, M. D.. received the GOLD AND JEW-.
ELED MEDAL from the National Medical As
sociation, for this PRIZE ESSAYonNERVOUS
and PHYSICAL DEBILITY. Dr. Parker and a
corps of Assistant Physicians may be on
suited, confidentially, by mail or in person, as
tbe office of THE PEABODY MEDICAL IN.
STITUTE, No. 4 Bulfinch St., Boston. Mass., to
whom all orders for books or letters for advice
should be directed as above. aulS-57-TnFSnwlc
Beyer Known to Fafl.
Tarrant's Extract ot
Cubebs and Copaiba, tho
best remedy for all dis
eases of tbe urinary or
gan?. Its portable form,
freedom from taste and
speedy action (frequently
curing in three or four
days and always in less
time than any other pre
paration), make "Tar
rant's Extract" the most
desirable remedy ever
manufactured. All genu
ine has red strip across lace of label, with sig
nature of Tarrant & Co., Now York, upon it.
Price, SL Sold by all druggists. ocl3-52-3u
GRAY'S SPECIFIC MEDICINE
CURES
NERVOUS DEBILITY.
LOST VIGOR.
LOSS OF MEMORY.
1'nll particulars In pamphlet
lent free. The genuine Gray's
bpeclttc sold by druszlstJ only la
yellow -wrapper. Price, ?l pee
package, or six for S3, or by maiL
on rirpint of nrlce. br address
ing THK GKAT JIEDIUIM: CO., liullalo. 2). X
bold In l'lttsburjr byS. s. 1IOLLAMJ. corner
Bmltilfleld and Liberty sts. mh.7-!M-DWk
ools'S Ccrtrfcoaa. RootJ
COMPOUND
Comoosed of Cotton Root, Tansy and
Pennyroyal a recent discovery by an
'old physician. Is mccessfuUu used
remitill Safe. Effectual. Price SU by mall,
sealed. Ladies, ask your drucglst for Cook's
Cotton Root romnound and take no substitute.
or inclose 2 stamps for scaled particulars. AtU
dress roSD L.1L.Y COMPANY. No. 3 Fisher
Block, 131 Woodward ave., Detroit. Mich.
JTSold in Pittsburg, Pa.. br.Tn,mh Flea
ing A tion. Diamond and Market sts. se263
TO WEAK E0EN
Suffering from tho effects of youthful errors, early
decay, wasting weakness, lost manhood, etc, I will
send a valuable treatise (sealed) containing full
particulars for home cure. FREE ot charge. A.
splendid medical work: should be read by every
man who Is nervons and debilitated. Address,
Prof. F.C. FOVl.ER,ITIoodui,Conn.
ocl6-45-D3awk
Nkrve Beans cure all nerroas weakness in either ex,
acttu;on the Nerres, Bram and other organs. AnaAsttut
urf for alt male and female weakness. Lost memory, bad
dreams and aTenion to society posmvely cured. Ji per box.
Postpaid. S.x bores. $3. Address NTe Bean Co.. Buflalo,
N. V. At Joseph Fleming U Son's, 413 Market Su
anhoo
RESTORES.
Rixxdt Fan. & victim
ot Tonlhfnl imnmlineff.
rauslne Premature Decay. Nerroas Debility, Lost
Manhood, &c..haTlng tried lnraln eriry known reme
dy, ha dl voTered a1mple mean of nelf enre. whlca.
lw win send (untied) FKKE to hb fdlow-rafferem.
Adorer. J. B. REEVES, P.O. Box SSX, New YorkCtty.
ocl'J-oJ-rrssu
t "?
- ..-SJpsJi ".r, ,.
n-rucSieuncK
m "M& Fit
fMkP-
iaeags.'saaiai&ssairaaaKS
ta.isi vaw'&ifV'-
dSbs
LOST POWER
HARE'S REMEDY
For men! Checks the worn cases In tbre
days, and cure in live days. Price SI 00. at
J. FI.K.MTNU-B DRUGSTOK
ja5-29-rrssu 113 ilarke t street
-5
m
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