DANGERJNSMOKING,
Paper l)y tlie Noted Specialist,
Dr. Morell Mackenzie.
THE EFFECT ON THE YOIOE.
Long Pipes and Mild Havanas May
be Used, Cigarettes Never.
TOBACCO AXD THE FLOW OF SALIYA
fWEITTEX F0K THE DISPATCH.
In these days of acgressive sanitation to
bacco, like nearly every other gilt of God to
man, has been denounced by rell-meaning
fanatics as the cause of numberless ills both
to soul and body. I am inclined to think
that to this indiscriminating anathema the
practice of smoking owe', at least iu some
measure, its present all but universal diffu
sion. A French devotee is reported to have
said of some innocent pleasure that it would
be perfect if it were sinful. In the same
spirit, no doubt, the "average sensual man"
feels that indulgences in themselves almost
indifferent gain additional relish from the
fact that they are regarded as wrong by the
"unco guid" or by truculent sanitarians as
hurtful.
The gospel of health is an excellent
thing, but, like the world, it is perhaps a
trifle too much with us, and the relentless
zeal of its preachers wearies men of
ordinary mold, as the just Aristides bored
the Athenians. I say this out of no irrev
erence to Sir Edwin" Chadwick, Dr. B. W.
Richardson and the other apostles of hy
giene whom I honor on this side of idolatry
as much as any, but because it seems to we
that they are apt to forget that physical
wellbeing is not the sole end of existence.
I wish it to be understood that, though a
doctor, I do not consider it to be my func
tion to stand at the feast of life and, like
poor Sancho's physician, condemn every
thing on the table. I am not a member of
the Anti-Tobacco League, nor do I believe
that all those who seeK solace from the
"herb nicotian"
"Go mad and beat their wires.
Plunge, after shocking lives.
Razors and carving knives
Into their gizzards."
On the contrary, I am teleologist enough
th think that as tobacco is supplied tons
naturally from the bounteous bosom of
mother earth, it is meant to be used, and if
used in the rightway itisoften helpful rather
than injurious. I have no sympathy with
the fanatics, from the royal author of the
famous "Counterblast" "downward, who
would deprive poor humanity of one of tbe
few pleasures which tend to make our way
of life, in however small a degree, less deso
late. THE SETGIXG VOICE.
Having now, as I hope, gained the confi
dence of devotees of the "weed" by this pro
fession of faith, I can speak of the effects of
smoking on the vocal organs without being
suspected 01 prejudice.
In dealing with the voice, we may concen
trate our attention on the sinzing voice and
the marvelous organ which produces it, with
its delicate tissues, its hishlv complex nerv
ous apparatus, and its accurate muscular
adjustments, or we may speak of the voice
as used in ordinary speech, in which, though
there is less question of artistic effect, the
mechanism is still extraordinarily compli
cated, and not only the larynx and throat
are used, but the tongue, cheeks, and lips
are brought into more active play than they
are in singing. Speaking concerns the
whole human family, while singing belongs
to a comparatively small though highly
privileged Iraction tnereot. ilouacco al
iccts both the speaking and the singing
voice, though of course its influence is much
more noticeable in song, where the physical
processes are more elaborate, and where
anything that interferes with the smooth
ness and sweetness of tone is as conspicuous
as spots on the sun. The singing voice,
therelore, affords the most delicate test
whereby the effect of external agencies so
slight that iu speech their influence would
be unnoticed can be accurately gauged. I
shall therefore first consider the effect of
tobacco smoke on the singing voice, and it
may be well to ask at the outset: Has it any
effect at all? Does the utterance of the
smoker betray him, as the husky tones of
those who love to look on the wine when it
is red often proclaim their infirmity?
EVIDENCE OF THE SI2JGERS.
That the voice is affected by tobacco is
proved by the testimony of singers on the
one hand and by the experience of physi
cians on the other. A very large acquaint
ance with vocalists of all grades, extending
now over alonger period of years than I
care to think of, enables me to say that
while a few consider their voice as im
proved, the vast majority think it is more
crless injnred by smoking. I attach far
more importance to the testimony of the
latter than to that of the former, as singers
have frequently the most eccentric notions
of what is "good for the voice." As stout,
mustard and melted candles have each been
vaunted by distinguished artistes as vocal
elixirs of sovereign efficacy, it is not sur
prising that tobacco should also have its
adherents.
Tht example of Mario, who smoked in
cessantly, is often cited as a proof of the
utility, or at any rate the harmlessness, of
the practice. It is obvious, however, that
an exceptional singer is so by virtue of
possessing an exceptional throat, and no
rule lor general use can be safely
founded on such an instance. Balzac
used to say of great men who were victims
of the tender pasBion, what there was no
knowing how much greater they might have
been if they had been free from that weak
ness. In the same way we my say of
Mario: How much finer might even his
voicehave been without his eternal cigar?
It might at least have lasted longer than it
did. .Nearly all singers who have not been
accustomed to the use of tobacco when first
they take to smoking feel that it makes their
throats dry and uncomfortable, and the
voice thick, husky and tremulous, or in
some undefiued way mars the perfection of
their execution. Medical men who have
eyes for such things can often see the baleful
effects of immoderate smoking writ large on
nearly every part oi the mucous membrane
of the throat. Such, howevei, is the power
possessed by the human organization of
adapting itself to injurious influences that
in many persons, just as the stomach be
comes tolerant of tobacco, the tissues of the
throat become accustomed to the irritating
efiect of the hot and acrid luines.
CAUSE OP OTHER TROUBLES.
Nevertheless, even when such impressions
cease to be perceptible, the effect on the mu
cous membrane may continue to be hurtful,
and I have no doubt that a sensitiveness to
the effects of cold, or, as it is called, a "ca
tarrhal tendency," is lrequently kept up
even by the moderate use o: tobacco. It is
often the abuse of tobacco that is at the
bottom of chronic congestion, or other slight
deviations from the normal condition 01 the
throat, which are put down to other causes.
But, beside that, I have not the least doubt
that smoking may be injurious to the voice,
even when it leaves no visible marks of its
action, by impairing the precision of mus
cular movement necessary for perfect pro
duction. The effect of tobacco on the body is both
general and local; that is to say, it acts on
the nervous centers and on the heart as well
as on the parts with which the smoke or the
juice comes immediately in contact. The
general effect does not concern us here ex
cept in so far as the larynx may be affected
thereby. It usually finds expression in
what is vaguely called "nervousness;" the
pulse becomes "flurried, and the muscle:
more or less relaxed and unsteady. This is
why smoking is so strictly forbidden to men
training for athletic feats. So marked is the
efiect of tobacco iu relaxing the whole
muscular system that before the days of
chloroform it was emploved in surgical
operations in which it was n'ecessarv that the
muscles should be perfectly limp. It will be
readily understood that under the influence
of a drug possessing these properties the ex
quisitely delicate adjustment of the
various parts of the complicated vocal
machinery are to some extent disordered,
and the voice, if not quite "like sweet bells
jangled out of tune and harsh," lose3 some
thing of its richness and brilliancy. Some
thing analogous to what takes place in the
eye as a result of the abuse of tobacco oc
curs in thelarynx.orratlicrinthepartof the
brain which govern the movements of that
organ. Oculists are familiar with "tobacco
amblyopia," that is, dimness of sight,
due to what may be called, figuratively,
blurring of the retina bv tobacco smoke.
"Tobacco amblyphonia" would be an equal
ly appropriate name for the corresponding
dullness of voice caused br excessive smok
ing. It must be understood that I speak
here solely of singers; the effects which have
been mentioned would be scarcely, if at all,
noticeable in the speaking voice.
IKEITATES THE aiEMBBAXES.
"When the nicotine does not injure the
nervous system the smoke may still irritate
the lining membrane of the throatnml wind
pipe. Anyone who has been in a Highland
cottage must be painfully lamiliar with the
effect of the "peat reek" oa the eyes. As
the mucous membrane lining the larynx is
even more sensitive than that covering the
organ of vision, the effect of blasts of hot
smoke passing over it may be imagined.
Unfortunately, it is possible to harden the
delicate membrane to these rough experi
ences, but in losingdts sensitiveness it also
loses a good deal of its smoothness and
elasticity. The evil effects wrought by
tobacco on the iarynx consist generally iu
patches of congestion affecting the upper
part of the organ and occasionally the vocal
cords themselves. In addition to this in
severe cases the cords show a certain
slnggishness of movement, which of course
makes the tone dull, harsh and uncertain.
A marked feature in these cases is dryness
of the mucous membrane, a physical con
dition which deprives the voice of all
brilliancy. In a given case it would be im
possible by mere ocular inspection to feel
certain that these sigus of disease arose from
smoking, but iu the case of young men not
thoroughly habituated, I have repeatedly
seeu conditions brought on by a few days'
smoking which have disappeared altogether
when the patient has abstained.
In the upper portion of the throat the
parts most exposed to the action of hot
smoke. are the uvula and the solt palate or
little curtain which screens off the mouth
from the back of the throat, and it is there
accordingly that the effects arc most marked.
Patches of redness, enlargement of the tiny
blood vessels, swelling of the uvula, crops
ot little blisters, which break and give rise
to small but paintul ulcers, and finally a
rough, gritty, almost warty and discolored
condition of what was once a beautiful,
smooth, pink surface these are ihe chief
features of the picture too often presented by
the smoker's palate. Dryness is here also
a very characteristic feature of chronic nico
tism. Everywhere in the throat the natur
al secretion which should lubricate the parts
is dried up or thickened to a glutinous ma
terial, which clogs instead of oiling the
wheels of the vocal machine.
EFrECT OH THE TONGUE.
The tongue often suffers severely from the
effects of tobacco. Small excoriations, blis
ters, chronic superficial inflammation, and
white patches, sometimes of almost horny
consistence, are formed on the surface of the
organ, and a permauently unhealthy condi
tion is induced, which in those predisposed
to cancer is apt, under the influence of ad
vancing age or as the result of the prolonged
local irritation, to lead to the development
of that disease. The same observation ap
plies to the superficial ulceration which
affects the sides ot the root ofthe tongne. In
this situation there are a number of delicate
projections or so-called papillae, the exqui
sitely find points of which readily become
inflamed when exposed to irritation. It is
in this situation that cancer of the tongue is
exceedingly apt to commence, but whether
this terrible disease actually originates Irom
merely irritation or whether it must first be
in the system and is only brought to a 'locus,
so to speak, by local irritation, has not yet
been determined. Even it the latter hy
pothesis be correct, the disease must oiten be
brought on by smoking years before it would
otherwise develop, and it occurs in a situa
tion where its symptoms are peculiarly dis
tressing. More rarely smoking causes chronic in
flammation of the lips, which sometimes
gives rise to cracks which are always very
troublesome and not infrequently end in
deadly disease. In several of the" morbid
conditions which I have described it is
obvious that the changes of structure are
more important than the loss of vocal
function, and indeed in many cases serious
disease may be present while the voice is but
little affected.
It need hardly be said that the conditions
of the throat and other parts of the vocal in
strument which I have here sketched are
not the work of a few months or of moderate
smoking; they are the result of years of ex
cessive indulgence. There is, "of course,
every shade of degree in the susceptibility
of different individuals, and much also de
pends on the kind of tobacco used and on
the manner of smoking. Persons whose
skin and mucous membranes are naturally
irritable are more easily affected than others,
and those or strongly marked rheumatic or
gouty tendencies are especially likely to
suffer.
ACTORS ABE AFFECTED.
The speaking voice does not generally be
come seriously affected as the result of
smoking, except in the case of those who
have to make professional use of the voice.
I have noticed such cflects occasionally in
the case of military men and more rarely
among the clergy, who have generally the
good sense to give up the habit of smoking
when they find it injurious. They are cer
tainly, ho.wever, mostcoturaon among actors.
In members ofthe dramatic pro ession tnere
is often a great strain on both the throat and
the nervous system, especially in learning
and rehearsing new parts, and it is at such
times that actors olten exceed the bounds of
moderation in smoking, to which recourse is
had as a sedative to their overtaxed cerebral
and nervous energies. It is easy to driit into
excess under such circumstances, all the
more that the throat is then in what may be
called "a condition of least resistance."
The result is that most of the leading
actors in London sufier from a relaxed con
dition of the upper part of the throat,
brought on entirely, I believe, by smoking.
As a high standard of excellence can only
be maintained in the dramatic profession
under a sparing use of alcohol, tobacco
must be looked upon as the sole cause of
the evil. I may add, moreover, that while
actors suffer very much from congestion
and relaxation of the pharynx, actresses are
very rarely afflicted iu that way. But if
thepresent craze of women for aping men
even in their weaknesses continued, it can
not be expected that they will escape the
consequences. The fair creatures whom I
have seeu smoke, however, did not seem
likely to do themselves much harm, for
they either toyed with the cigarette in a
Platonic sort "of way or smoked with their
lips, "puffing out innocuous blasts of dry
smoke." to use the words of Charles Lamb,
but taking care that very little passed in
ward bevond the "barrier of the teeth." I
cannot imagine, however, that any lady
who cares about her voice would expose it
even to that slight risk.
SOME WHO DON'T SMOKE.
I have entered somewhat minutely into
the various forms of harm which a smoker
may inflict upon himself, but, unfortu
nately, it is not necessary to smoke in order
to be a victim of tobacco. Even seasoned
vessels often find their neighbors' pipes or
cigars very trying, and for a person with a
delicate throat, exposure to an atmosphere
laden with the tumes of tobacco is even
worse than smoking. Dr. Eamon do la
Sota, a Spanish physician who has given
much attention to the subject, states that he
is very frequently called upon to treat
Spanish ladies, who do not themselves
smoke, for irritation of the throat, caused,
according to him, by the ungallant habits
of their male relatives, "who do not deny
themselves the cigar either at table or in the
drawing room, or even in the bedroom."
THE
The same gentleman has seen some ol the
worst effects of tobacco in the throats of
women (non-smokers) employed in the large
cigar factory at Seville. "Smoking con
certs" should be anathema maranatba to
the vocalist who has a proper regard for his
instrument; ha should also scrupulously
avoid smoking carriages on the under
ground railway, especially at the time ofthe
evening exodus from the city, and all other
places where smokers most do congregate.
The effects o f oversmoking on the throat,
when the habit has not been too long in
dulged in, can, as a rule, be easily cured by
the simple remedy of discontinuing the
practice which engenders them. In consid
ering the evils produced by smoking, it
should be borne in mind that there are two
bad qualities contained iu the lumesof
tobacco. The one is the poisonous nicotine
and the other is the high temperature ofthe
burning tobacco. The Oriental hookah, in
which the smoke is cooled by being passed
through water before reaching themouth, is
probably the least harm ul form of indulg
ence in tobacco, and the cigarette which is
so much in vogue nowadays is most certain
ly the worst. It owes this "bad eminence"
to the very mildness of its action, people
being thereby tempted to smoke all day
long, and easily accustoming themselves to
inhale the fumes into their lungs, and thus
saturating their blood with the poison.
THE PROPER "WAY TO SMOKE.
To sum up, I believe that most people can
smoke iu moderation without injury, and
that to many tobacco acts as a useful nerre
sedative. On the other hand, if indulged
in to excess, the habit is always injurious,
and I am sure that a great many persons
either cannot see or witlfully shut their eyes
to the "scientific frontier" which separates
moderation from abuse. It must also be
borne in mind that the condition of the
throat as well as that of the general health
varies greatly at different times, and that an
amount of smoking which at one time would
be attended with no bad effect might at
another produce serious harm. Every smoker
knows that when the stomach is out ol order
the pipe or cigar loses its charm; but it is
not so generally known that at such times
the tongue (which to the experienced eye is
a mirror of the invisible stomach) and the
throat are more vulnerable man usual to
tobacco. If nature's warning on these
points are disregarded, as they generally are,
the smoker will bring on himself much un
necessary discomfort and even suffering.
In connection with the variation in sus
ceptibility just referred to, it may be men
tioned that persons leading an outdoor life
can, ns a rule, smoke with much greater
impunity than those who spend most of their
time indoors. It is further worthy of re
mark that the inhabitants of warm climates
suffer less than the dwellers in what is
probably on the a non lucendo principle,
called the temperate climate of England.
This is doubtless due to the greater resisting
power of throats less harassed by fogs and
east winds, and partly, perhaps, to the use
ot milder tobacco.
To conclude with a little practical advice,
I would say to anyone who finds total ab
stinence too heroic a stretch of virtue, let
him smoke only after a substantial meal,
and if he'be a singer or speaker, let him do
so after, and never before, using the voice.
Let him smoke a mild Havana or a long
stemmed pipe charged with cool smoking
tobacco. It the charms of the Cigarette
are irresistible, let it be smoked
through a mouthpiece which is kept clean
with ultra-Mohammedan strictness. Let
him refrain from smoking pipe, cigar, or
cigarette to the bitter, and, it may be added,
rank and oily end. Your Turk, who is
very choice in his smoking and thoroughly
understands the art, always throws away
the near half of bis cigarette. Let the
singer who wishes to keep in the "perfect
way" refrain from inhaling the smoke, and
let him take it as an axiom that the man in
whom tobacco increases the flow of saliva to
any marked degree, is not intended by na
ture to smoke. Let him be strictly moder
ate in indulgence the precise limits each
man must settle for himself and he will
get all the good effect of tne soothing plant
without the bane which lurks in it when
used to excess. Morell Mackenzie.
AHAPPV LITTLE MAIDEN.
She Receives an levnnt Erprrtt Piaano
Little Sadie Kowbottom, of 226 Washing
ton avenue, Allegheny, held the lucky No.
44, in the Everett Piano Club, this week,
and received a magnificent upright grand
piano. Sadie's father thought she ought to
have a piano, but did not like to spare the
money outol his business; so he invested SI
per week, in the Everett Club for ladies,
and the little ladv is delighted. She re
ceives for $350, a piano which retails lor
$425, and only pays SI per week. The
Everett Club system is playing havoc with
the old style ot retailing pianos at ex
tortionate prices, as the club buys 350
pianos, thus saving $75 to each member,
and members can pay in the way most con
venient to themselves. If you want a piano,
just call and see the Everett It is the
finest upright piano made. You can also
see a lot of other makes, the Weber,
Chickering, Hazelton, Haines Bros., and
others which have been taken in exchange;
yon can buy these at almost any price.
Call or send for circular to the Manager,
Alex Boss, 137 Federal street, Allegheny.
"wsu
Bargain! I
Bnrffnins!
In
Bargains!
Plnnos! FInnost . Pianos!
We have on hand a great number of
second-hand pianos that must be sold at
once to clear out warerooms.
These are:
Kranich & Bach, Gaeble & Co.,
American Co., Decker Bros.,
Steinway, Grovestecn & Co.,
Chickering, Haines,
Fischer, Knabe,
And many other makes. They have been
thoroughly overhauled and look and are al
most as good as new. Will be sold at from
$25 up for cash or installments.
Get your piano now and have it delivered
after April 1. Mellor & HonifE,
MThssu 77 Fifth avenue, Pittsburg.
Rich silk finished, all wool French Hen
rietta in all the choice spring shades, 4G
inches wide, 75c and SI per yard.
TTSSU HUGUS & HACKE.
Potatoes. Potatoes. Potatoes.
Three cars very fine stock to arrive Mon
day, which will be sold at market price.
Pittsburg Produce Commission Co.
Myers & Tate, Proprietors,
813 Liberty st, Pittsburg.
The largest and finest stock of chamber
and parlor suits, wardrobes, and in fact all
articles necessary to furnish a neat home
can be seen at the Michigan Furniture Com
pany, 437 Smithfield st.
Desirable Rent Estate.
Adjourned to Wednesday, March 26, at 10
A. M., Elsessor estate, corner of Jackson
and Webster streets, Allegheny. Six brick
houses.
A. J. Pentecost, Auctioneer,
413 Grant street.
India Silks We show this season ex
clusive designs and reliable qualities only,
our assortment on large and exceptionally
attractive prices from 81 to 53 per yard.
TTSSU HUGUS & HACKE.
While We Take Stock
This week will offer bargains in ends from
every department. J. C. GROGAN,
Jeweler and Silversmith, 443 Market st.,
cor. Filth ave tusu
A life-size crayon and one dozen cab
inet photos can be had together for $6 only
at Society Gallery, 35 Fifth ave. Use
elevator.
Cabinet photos (1 per dozen, prompt de
livery. Crayons, etc., at low prices.
Lies' Gallery,
TTSu 10 and 12 Sixth st.
It is surprising how well your old parlor
suit will look after it is reuphofstered bv
Haugh & Keenan, 33 and 34 Water st.
PITTSBURG DISPATCH,
FACTS ABOUT CIGARS.
Consumption of the Rolls Increasing
Over a Million a Year.
20,000 FACTORIES IN AMERICA.
imerican.3 and Irishmen Have Not let Em
barked in tne Easiness.
THE PROCESSES OP MANUFACTURE
IWIUTTEN FOB THE DISPATCH. '.
Most of the large and important cigar fac
tories in this country are owned and man
aged by Germans or Hebrews, while the
smaller and less known places are controlled
by Bohemians, Italians, and occasionally
by a Spaniard or Frenchman. The making
of cigars is an industry which thus far has
not been touched by the ordinary American
or Irish business man. Yet it is about the
easiest trade in existence in which a man
can become his own master with but a slight
expenditure of money, and the market for
the goods is always an open nnd a big one.
The cigarmaker who has $50 in cash and
can secure a bondsman, has enough money
for stock and can go into business for him
self. The internal revenue charges are
only about $12, and as soon as that amount
is paid and tlie bonds perfected, the surplus
money will be enough to start with, and
selling his cigars will not be difficulty so
the cigarmaker may work without fearing
a master's frown. Why more of the expert
makers in the trade do not launch out for
themselves is one of the inexplicable mys
teries of these usually industrious and hard
working class of skilled artisans.
How many cigars can an expert workman
make in a week?
Well, now nnd then, there will be a
steady, energetic fellow who may have 1,500
to his credit at the end of the week, but
such cases are very rare indeed. Many of
the men who do not squander their time
recklessly can turn out about 1,000 per
week, but most of them handle tew over 800,
and the largest number of workers are satis
fied if they can have wages for 600 when
their weekly pay-day arrives.
THE PAT THET GET.
They are paid all the way from $15 to $35
a thousand, according to the style and grade
of the article, for the high grade cigar de
mands more care and labor than those which
are sold two for 5 cents. All the very cheap
classes are composed of the wrapper, binder
and filler, but the best hand-made cigar
has nothing but the filler and wrapper.
TJp to this time human ingenuity has failed
to perfect any machine that can successfully
compete with a pair of hands in making a
cigar. All the articles that are needed now
adays to fashion a first-class cigar are the
stock, a sharp knife like that used by shoe
makers, a cutting board and the knowledge
ot how to use the materials. But before the
raw material reaches the bench of the maker
there is considerable work to be done with
it, and quite a number of people earn decent
wages iu doing it.
When the bales of tobacco aro delivered
at the factory the first thing done with the
raw material is to dampen ft, and when tbis
is done it is turned over to the "strippers."
These strippers are usually girls of from 12
to 18 years of age, and they are often very
expert and always very apt and quick at
their work, which is both hard and disa
greeable, and has not the compensation of
being well paid labor. They cannot earn
more than $6 a week, and most of them do
not carry home that amount with them
irom the factory every Saturday.
THE STEMS UTILIZED.
Their work consists in tearing away the
leaves from the stem of the plant, and the
"clean stripper" will not leave a quarter of
an inch of leaf tobacco upon a hundred
stems. Formerly these stems were thrown
aside as refuse and as useless, but of late
they have been utilized in many ways that
make them valuable, so that they are now
another source of profit to the manufacturer.
After thestripping is completed, and the
stems examined by a forewoman to see that
every scrap of leaf tobacco has been taken
from the stems, the leaves are dried and
cleaned, and then they are ready for the
workmen. They are not, however, given
out to him without a careful account being
taken ofthe amount of stock furnished him,
and for that purpose the stuff is weighed in
his presence and his receipt taken lor it.
The number ot cigars which he is to deliver
over for the stock handed to hira
is then calculated, and the number
is made to depend upon the size of the
cigars, the closeness of their packing and
the amount of tobacco necessary to make a
filler. Sometimes 7 to 9 pounds will make
a thousands cigars and again it may require
from 14 to 16 pounds of stock to supply the
same number. These calculations are so
easily and perfectly made between the
workman and foreman that there is scarcely
ever any dissatisfaction on either side. Of
course, it is always understood that an ex
pert workman, no matter how closely he is
cnt down in material, will always nave
enough stock left to make
A FEW EXTRA CIGARS
for his own use, and he never fails to do so,
though the rule against it is extremely strict
but very seldom eniorced. Generally in the
large factories a workman is kept as far as
possible on one brand of cigars, as that
facilitates his labors, for he can almost close
his eyes and pick up with a single move
ment of his fingers just sufficient tobacco to
supply his filler. When the filler is ready
the stock is picked up quickly and dropped
into it, and the expert getting it into form
in an instant, wraps around it a large
smooth leaf that is called the binder. Then
a ribbon of fine lea:, with as little grain as
possible in it, is rolled 'mm the butt of the
cigar obliquely around it till it reaches the
top, where it is fastened with gum, and the
cigarmaker's work is at an end. The fore
man inspects the cigars one by one, and if
they pass his criticism they are handed over
to the buncher, and thence they go to the
packer and are ready for a market.
If he be a Spanish cigarmaker and that
class of workmen in this trade are credited
with being the most expert in the world he
picks up very deftly a broken leaf and rolls
it downward with his right hand to form
the filler. American cigarmakers, strange
to say, always roll the leaf upward and to
ward them.
FACTS ABOUT THE ROLL.
Of course ihe filler is the most important
portion of the nigar. Experts will tell you
that if the grain ot the leaf is so arranged
as to run parallel along the length of the
cigar it will burn well and level, but if not
the cigar will draw with difficulty and so
burn that it will require a dozen lightings
to keep it in a suckable condition until it is
burned out
How many cigar factories are there in the
United States?
Probably 20,000 regular registered shops,
large and small, where the work is carried
on. There are in New York City probably
about 1,200 regular registered shops, large
and small, and their number is being added
to every month, for scarcely any industry in
tbis nation has shown a more rapid increase
within the last few year's. The reports from
the Commissioners of Internal Revenue
make it evident that for some time past
more than 1,000,000,000 of cigars have been
manufactured iu the United States every
year in excess of the unmber placed on the
market during the year preceding.
TENEMENT HOUSE CIGARS.
The business of making cigars in the ten
ement houses of the large cities, especially
in New York, Chicago and St. Louis was in
former years a source of immense profits to
the large manufacturers. It was at the
same time a prolific source of demoraliza
tion among the workmen and their families
and a scandal to the authorities who per
mitted the business to be carried on. Leg
islation was finally invoked to prohibit the
making of cigars outside of factories, but it
was only after a long and bitter struggle
with the manufacturers, especially in New
SUNDAY, MARCH 23,
York, that enactments were secured which
it was supposed would eradicate the evil.
The laws have not been wholly success
ful, for even to this day there are more than
1,000 persons of both sexes engaged in mak
ing cigars in the miserably kept tenement
rooms, where they are obliged to live and
sleep amid the odors of the fragrant leaves.
MET HIS BROTHER'S FATE.
Mysterious Coincidence of ibe Murder of
Albert A. Fosdyck.
Paw Paw, Mich., March 22. Albert A.
Fosdyck, County Surveyor, was shot dead
last night in the same room of the same
house in Almena where the doctor, his
brother, was recently shot. He was found
dead this morning, shot through the head.
The doctor was at a neighbor's, but returned
home and went to bed, and did not discover
the crime until this morning. There is in
tense excitement, but no theory so far to
throw any light on the case.
The shooting ot Dr. Fosdyck was fully as
mysterious as the recent one, and the man
killed last night, it will be remembered,
was arrested for the crime. The weight of
the evidence against him was not sufficient
to hold him, however, and he was released.
At the same time it is well known that Dr.
Fosdyck. has lived in fear of him ever
since, and when both crimesare cleared some
startling and sensational developments will
see the light. The two brothers were bach
elors and lived alone with a single servant,
but they had some property, and this may
afford a clew to the mystery surrounding the
two crimes.
THE DEPARTMENT REPORTS.
Chiefs Blselow nnd Elliot Giro Their Finan
clnl Accounts for February.
The reports of the various departments
and bureau are coming in daily, and yester
day the Departments of Public Works and
Public Charities made their monthly report
for February, the former to the City Con
troller and the latter to the Clerks of Coun
cils. Mr. Bigclow shows receipts for the month
to have been $3,146 13, divided as follows:
City property, 2,412 19; water supply, $100;
water assessments, $632 20.
Chief Elliot of the Department of Public
Charities reported the expenditures for Feb
ruary at $5,098 29, leaving a balance on
hand of $79,901 71. The rtceipts from vari
ous sources during the month were $635 28.
This is a small month's work for the depart
ment, but the winter having been much
milder than any of late years accounts for
the lower estimates.
OPPOSED TO FREE LEAD.
Tbe West Wants a Tsrlff of One and a
Bnlf Cents Per Pound on Ore.
Denver, March 22. A telegram was
sent to Senators Wolcott and Teller and
Congressman Townsend last night, refuting
the statement made by Mr. Myers before
the Ways and Means Committee to the
effect that all Western miners and smelters
favored free importation of lead ore. The
telegram was signed by ex-Senator Hill, ex
Congressman Synies, ex-Governor Grant,
ex-Governar Evans, Governor Cooper, L B.
Porter, President of the Chamber of Com
merce; D. H. Moffatt, President of the Kio
Grande Bailway and the First National
Bank.
It claims the voice, the sentiment of
3,000,000 Western people in a demand for a
1 cent per pound tariff on all lead ore im
ported into the United Slates.
Captured and Sentenced
ISrXCIAI. TILIOHAM TO THE PISPATCB.!
McConnellsburg, PA., March 22.
Templeton D. Mervine who was tried at our
January court and sentenced to six months
in the Fulton county jail, for unlawfully
cutting Chief of Police Stiver, of Bedford,
in November last, and who escaped from
jail and was recaptured to-day, pleaded
guilty of an escape and was sentenced to
ten months imprisonment in the Western
Penitentiary.
Popular Favor.
How to win the favor and patronage of
the public is one ot the most difficult ques
tions that dealers and manufacturers nave
to contend with. There is one and but oue
sure way in which it can be done and that
is to snpply better and more reliable goods
than can be obtained elsewhere and let the
people know it. That is the plan adopted
by a prominent Western manufacturer, and
as will be seen by the following letter, it has
won the day in this vicinity. The letter is
as follows:
Allegheny City, Feb. 26, 1890.
Me sirs. Chamberlain & Co., Des Moines, la.:
Gentlemen On Nov. 1, 1890, we re
ceived our first order ot six dozen Chamber
lain's Cough Remedy. Tbe first five weeks
the sales were slow, but finally we began to
have calls for it The sales steadily in
creased until the early part of January,
when we ordered 13 dozen more, which
lasted our trade only about three weeks,
when we made our third order lor one gross.
Of course the first sales were made entirely
from the advertising, but to-day we can say,
unhesitatingly, that fully two-thirds of our
sales are made on merit, through the recom
mendations of others, one lady in particular
saying, after having bought the fifth bottle,
that that one would be tbe last, as she had
cured her own family, and it did them so
much good that the neighbors wanted her to
cure their families. Numerous other similar
statements could be quoted, but our own
statement, that the sales of Chamberlain's
Cough Remedy exceeds that ot any other
two preparations we have in stock, and can
truthiully say that the greater number of
sales are from merit alone, will cover it all.
"Very respectfully yonrs,
F. H. Eggers & Son,
Pharmacists, 299.0hio st.
For sale by E. G. Stuckv, 1701 and 2401
Penn ave.; E. G. Stucky & Co., cor. Wylie
ave. and Fulton St.; Markcll Bros., cor.
Penn and Faulkston aves.; Theo. E. Ihrig,
3610 Filth ave.; Carl Hartwig, 4016 Butler
St.; John C. Smith, cor. Penn ave. and
Main st, Pittsburg, and in Alleghhny by
E. E. Heck, 72 and 194 Federal st; Thos.
K. Morris, cor. Hanover and Preble aves;
F. H. Eggers, 172 Ohio st, and F. H. Eg
gers & Son, 299 Ohio st. and 11 Smithfield
street wsu
White Chinn.
New novelties arriving by every steamer
from Enrope in goods specially designed for
amateur decorating; the choicest variety of
both table and ornamental goods ever shown
before; as ever, tbe largest stock, the greatest
variety and the lowest prices. Call and see
at Chas. Eeizenstein's, 152, 154, 156 Federal,
Allegheny. ttssu
Bananas. Iiannna. Bnnanas.
Ten cars, 3,500 bunches, to arrive Mon
day. Special bargains at the Pittsburg Prod
uce Commission Co.
Myers & Tate, Proprietors,
813 Libertyst, Pittsburg.
Plain black and pjain white embroid
ered India silk, a beauti'ul summer dress
fabric; cannot be obtained elsewhere in the
city, $1 25 a yard.
TTSSU HUGUS & HACKE.
I.nmps, Clocks, Sllrerwnrr,
Among tbe list of goods reduced while tak
ing stock this week. J. C. Grogan,
Jeweler and Silversmith, 443 Market st, cor.
Filth aye. Tusu
Grand Millinery Opening;
Wednesday and Thursday at Bosenbaum &
Co.'s.
Pbof. Wundbam's herb powders and
pills for the blood. Druggists, 25c.
Bbdboosi suits from $16 upward can be
seen at the Miebigan Furniture Company,
437 Smithfield st.
Cabinet photos, $1 a dozen, at Sonnen
berg's Art Gallery, No. 62 Federal st.,
Allegheny.
1890.
SUITED TO THE DAT.
A Sermon in Every Paragraph and a
Thought in Every Line.
COMFORT OP EVERLASTING ARMS.
Praise lhat Sharpens the Wit and En
courages the Will to Learn.
CHILDREN OF THE RICH ASD THE POOR
rWRITTEN FOB THE DISFATCn BY A CLEBGYMAJT.l
See that mother with her helpless babe.
Sometimes her lap bears the precious load.
But when she would press it to her bosom
to hush its crying, or carry it sleeping to the
crib, her arms softly sustain it. So amid all
the circumstances of human life 'we are
privileged to feel that "underneath are the
everlasting arms." "As one whom his
mother comfortetb," said God, "so will I
comfort you, and ye shall be comforted."
Is there anything we need more than
this? Who among us has fully realized
his early hopes ? Whose life has not its
bitter sins, its stndious concealments, its
poignant humiliations, its wild uneasiness,
its wrestlings and deleats? What happi
ness, to know that the infinite God cares for
us, and that "underneath are the everlasting
arms." Some of us are saddled and bridled
and riden by a rough rider who is booted
and spurred", and whose name is Care. Care
in one form or another, is the common in
heritance. Cares which relate to the house
bold, cares which relate to the business, cares
which relate to the community; why, the name
of care is legion. And the headaches, and the
brow is drawn into a scowl, and the hands
twitch, and the body is weary, and we tear
along the dnsty road of life under the whip
and spur or care like poor John Gilpin in
Uowper's poem. What a comfort to know that
rest lies at the end of the wild ride, and that
meantime, "underneath are the everlasting
arras."
Some of ns are bowed in sorrow. This Is an
inevitable accompaniment ot mortality and
probation. It has been truthfully said that
'there have been human hearts constituted
just like onrs for 6.000 yean. All that sickness
can do, all that disappointment can effect, all
that blighted love, thwarted ambition, mis
placed confidence ever did they do still. Not a
tear is wrung from eyes now, that, for the
same reason, bas not been wept over and over
again in lopg snecession since tbe hour that
the fated pair stepped from Paradise and cave
their posterity to a world of sorrow and suffer
ing. The head learns new things, but the
heart forevermore pratices old experiences."
Under sucb a dispensation, what a consola
tion to be assured that God lives and reigns,
that all ihlngs work together tor our good, and
that "underneath are the everlasting arms."
Letting In tbe Wenk Soldiers.
In tbe days of old, Pompey, the Roman
general, marching to the wars, requested per
mission to lodge his army in a certain well
fortified city by whose gates he must needs
pass. The Governor of the town replied
that he would not burden the population
with so numerous and dangerous a guest.
Pompey then desired merely entertainment
and relief for his sick soldiers, who were per
ishing for want of proner medical attention.
The Governor thought these hospital warriars
could do no mischief and consented to receive
them. Being within tbe walls they suddenly
recovered their health and opened the gates to
their excluded companions, thns becoming
masters of the stronghold.
Precisely so if tbo tempter cannot get leave
to quartor bis wbola army of lasts within the
human heart, he begs hard for his weak ones as
sins of infirmity; but these sick soldiers of his
soon get strong enough to surprise tbe citadel
of the soul.
Tbo Emancipation of Industry.
At a meeting beld to give Mr. Henry
George a formal farewell on the eve of his
departure for Europe, the Itey. Lyman
Abbott was one of the speakers. He said,
among other things:
So long as there aro women in this city who
buy their food only by selling their woman
hood; so long; as there are men in the rich coal
fields of Illinois that must stand without, shiv
ering at the door with pick in hand and ready
muscle for eager work, while wealth locks tbe
coal fields up against a shiverincpopulation: so
long as in tbe iron fields of Pennsylvania
men are workinc their 12 hours a day. with no
time even to court tbeir wives or to kiss their
children, so long my heart and hand are en
listed in any and every movement that gives
fair promise for the emancipation ot man by
the emancipation of industry.
Wealth nnd Childhood.
The New York World has taken a census
of the children living on Fifth avenue and
Cherry Hill. Fifth avenue represents the
wealth of New York City and Cherry Hill the
poverty. Th; result was: Three hundred Fifth
avenue families 91 children under 10 years,
and only six born within the past 12 months.
Three Hundred Cherry Hill families 660 chil
dren under 10 years of age, and 111 born within
the past 12 months. The anestion "Is wealth
an enemy of childhood?" has of ten been asked,
but never before bas it received si plain an an
swer. Fashion is tbe foe of posterity. As a
Cherry Hill ballot counts for as much as a Fifth
avenue ballot it is easy to see that the govern
ment of tbe country is destined to fall more
and more into the bands of the masses;and out
of the bands of the classes.
Tbe Power of Praise.
According to a well-known scholar, wise
and genial .Roger Ascham, a famous scholar,
professor and tutor of princes, in the time of
Henry VIII. and Queen Bess, who taueht
the Queen Greek when she was a princess,
said: "I assure you there is no whetstone to
sharpen a god wute and encourage a will to
learning, as is praise." His words are applica
ble to many other people beside students.
They may be properly nb-erved even in dealing
with politicians. Tbe times are critical of pretty
much everything, from the chop on Ibe break
fast table to tbe last new hook, or last sermon,
while tbe power of. praise to produce improve
ment is utterly overlooked.
Dinners of Helislous Interest.
The Hohenzollcrns have had notices served
upon them by the German electors that tbis is
tbe nineteenth century. Popular government
is in the air. Crowned heads must submit or
demit.
The Catholic Total Abstinence Society is
raising the money to establish a Father Mathew
Professorship of Temperance in connection
with the great Cathedral University at Wash
ington. The Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions,
as the ycir closes, is facing a larger deficit
than last year. In view of this, it has recently
Informed 10 approved candidates for tbe mis
sion field that it cannot pledse itself actually
to send them, and that it throws the responsi
bility on the Church.
AN old legend represents on the one hand
the arrival before the throne of God of the
penitentsouls whom His pity admits to heaven;
on the other Satan, who says: 'These souls
have offended against Thee a thonsand times
I only once." "Hast thou ever asked forgive
ness!" replies the Eternal.
The Seventh-Day Ad ventists number 34 con
ferences, 7 foreign missions and about 1,000
chnrches with 28,500 members. Their tithes and
free-will ottenngi during the past year
amounted to about $275,000. Thcv also have a
medical and surcrical sanitarium at Battle
Creek, Mich., wbfch can accommodate more
than COO patients, and is now full.
A deep religions Interest is now prevailing
in the Wesleyan University, Delaware, O. Of
the 907 students In attendance this term 28 were
reported as Christians on the day of prayer
and 279 as non-Christians. Over 90 students
have been transferred from the non-Cbristian
to the Christian column. About 100 citizens
also have begun tne unnstian Hie.
Little Gems of riionht.
OT all tbe essences tbe devil best loves acqui
essence. The only way to flee away from God is to See
unto Him. Phillips Urooks.
Beneath every social problem there lies a
social wrong. Lyman Abbott.
That which we are we shall teach, not vol
untarily but involuntarily. Emerson.
Good manners is tbe art of making those
feel easy with whom we converse. Dean Swift.
THT lot In life is seeking after thee, there
fore be at rest from seeking after It Caliph
Mi.
Neveb bold anyone by the button in order
to be heard out: for If people are unwilling to
hear you, you had better hold your tongue than
to hold them. Chesterfield.
Man's life mean tender teens, teachable
twenties, tireless thirties, fiery forties, forceful
fifties, serious sixties, sacred seventies, aching
eiebtiesl shortening breath, death, tbe sod,
GodI Joseph Cook.
Advice, however eagerly sought, if it does
not coincide with a man's own opinions, seldom
answers any other purpose than to put bim out
of humor with himself and to attentate his af
fections from the adviser. George Canning.
Let us never forget that God made home
among tbe first things. Before commerce,
laws, thrones, altars, even, there were men and
women, husbands 'and wives, fathers and
mothers, brothers and sisters, lovers and
friends, hearthstones and Homes. O. H. Van
te Water.
Do you know, I sometimes think it is cruel
to take young Christians into the Church and
leave them without any Instructions in regard
to working for others and then upbraid them
for not crowing in grace. Take them into tbe
harvest field, teach them the luxurv ot saving
souls. Show them how to live for God. D.L.
Moody.
Catarrh Cared.
A clergyman, after years of suffering from
that loathsome disease Catarrh, and vainly
trying every known remedy, at last found a
prescription which completely cured and
saved him from death. Any sufferer from
thisdreadful disease sendinga self-addressed
stamped envelope to Prof. J. A. Lawrence,
88 Warren street. New York, will receive
the recipe free of charge. EOS
THE LEADING
M
ILLINERY
HOUSE
IN WESTERN PENNSYLVANIA.
We Have Many Imitators but No Equals.
Tile Stores w&ere
Low Price M
M Quality leet
upon common
ground.
t .
OUR CLOAK DEPARTMENT.
The novelties we show in our Cloak Rooms are worthy of inspection. The safest con
ceits in Cloth Capes, Jackets, Peasant Coats. Cloth and Silk Wraps, etc., etc., are now on
view, and at prices that dely competition. The crowds that daily throng our Cloak De
partment speak volumes. We quote a few prices taken at random from our immense as
sortment: Cloth Capes, 52 74; Peasant Cloaks, SI 74; Broadcloth Jackets, 2 99; Stockin
ette Jackets, 53 99; Children's Eeefer Jackets, 52 49; Ladies' Calico Wrappers, 99c.
CONFIRMATION DRESSES.
We show the handsomest line of White Swiss and Lawn Confirmation Dresses for
girls ever shown in the two cities. Our variety, is greater, the styles newer and prices
lower than any other house can offer you the same class of goods for. Call and see them.
LACES AND EMBROIDERIES.
New and elegant designs in Chantilly Flouncings and Drapery Nets, from 9c up.
We also offer a large and varied assortment Guipure flouncings, Fedora Flouncings,
La Tosca Flouncings and heavy Brussels Net Flouncings. Also exclusive patterns in,
Point du Jean and Escurial Laces, Tan Dyke Effects, embracing common, medium and
fine goods. New designs in Black Lace Drapery Nets, Polka Dots and Fancy Stripes.
Specials in Hosiery.
Ladies' Fast Black Hose, all sizes, 14c pair.
60 dozen Ladies' Black Boots, solid Color Tops, full regular made, 24c.
65 dozen Ladies' Bibbed Hose, guaranteed fast black; our price 24c.
100 dozen Ladies' Brilliant Lisle Bibbed Hose, fast-black, 44c; worth 75c.
Children's Fast Black Hose, 6 c 12c pair.
Children's Fast Black Eibbed Hose, double kneei, 5 8, 24c
Infants' Black Cashmere Hose, summer weight, 25c and 39c
Misses' extra quality Brilliant Lisle Hose, fast black, 48c
Gents' Balbriggan Hose, full regular made, 12c.
38 dozen Gents' Striped nnd Solid Color Hose, 19c; worth 25c.
Gents' Brown Lisle Thread Hose, 24c; worth 35c
Gents' Fancy Lisle Hose, fast colors, 39c
KID AND FABRIC CLOVES
.A-LXi IsTjU'W. G-OOIDS-
Ladies' four-button Kid Gloves, in colors, at 69c per pair.
Ladies' seven-hook Kid Gloves, in colors, at 74c per pair.
Ladies' seveu-book Kid Gloves, in colors and black, at 99c per pair.
Ladies' eight-button Mousauetaire Suede Gloves, iu colors and black, at SI 49 per pair.
Ladies' eight-button Mousquetaire Kid Gloves, in black and colors, at 51 99 per pair.
Hisses' four-button Kid Gloves in colors, at 50c per pair.
Hisses' seven-hook Kid Gloves in colors, at 69c per pair. .
Ladies' all-silk Gloves iu colors and black, at 69c per pair.
Ladies' all-silk Gloves in colors and black, at 49c per pair.
Ladies' Taffeta Gloves in colors and black, at 39c per pair.
V Misses' all-silk Gloves in colors, at 46c per pair.
Misses' Taffeta Gloves in colors, at 29c per pair.
Misses' Taffeta Gloves iu colors, at 24c per pair. ,
INFANTS' AND CHILDEEN'S CAPS!
All the latest styles in Children's Corded and Embroidered Caps at 24c, 49c,74c, 99c upi
Children's White Corded Hats from 42c up.
Infants' Zephyr Sacques from 24c up.
Infants' fine Embroidered Flannel and Jersey Sacques, at 99c, $1 24, fl 49 and fl 59.
Infants' Zephyr Vests at 24c
Infants' very fine Vests, light and heavy weight, at 49c, 74c and 99c
HANDKERCHIEFS I
Ladies' Plain White Hemstitched Handkerchiefs, pure linen, lie each.
Ladies' Plain White Hemstitched Handkerchie.'s, pure linen, two for 25c; worth 20c
Ladies' all-linen White and Colored, Embroidered, Hemstitched and Scalloped Edgt
Handkerchie s, two (or 25c.
Ladies' all-linen Handkerchiefs, drawn work, lie, worth 18c
Ladies' fine Linen Blocked Embroidered Handkerchiefs, 15c; worth 25c
Gents' Colored Border and Plain White Handkerchiefs, 5c.
Gents' Colored Border and Plain White Hemstitched Handkerchiefs, 9c, or thre
for 25c
Gents' all-linen Colored and Plain White Border Hemstitched Handkerchiefs, tiro
for 25c; also better grades at 19c and 24c
GENTS' FURNISHINGS.
Our "Town Talk" Shirt, made of extra heavy muslin, double front and back, with
solid Linen Bosom, 48c each, worth 75c
Our "None Such" Shirt, made of the very best material, finely sewed and finished,
69c each, or three for 52 (worth 51 each).
See our novelty Shirt, the "Satin Stripe," laundried, at 98e, worth 51 50.
Fine Merino Shirts and Drawers, medium weight, 49c, worth 75c
Scotch Gray MeVino Shirts and Drawers splendid value, at 48c
"AnEola" Merino Shirts and Drawers, 35c each, or three for 51 (a decided bargain).
SPECIAL We have just received another shipment of extra heavy Natural Wool
Shirts and Drawers. It is a little late for them, but at the prices we will sell them for
(20c each) we can dispose o'them readily, as thev are well worth 75c each.
N. B. In our Millinery Department you will find everythinz worth having, every
thing worth seeing and everything worth selling in Trimmed and Untrimmed Hats, Bon.
nets, etc., etc.
In active preparation our Millinery Opening, due notice of which will be given in all
the papers. ,-
HEADQUARTERS FOR HOUSEFURMSHOG GOODS
OF ALL KDfDS.
NOTE Ladies will be pleased with our elegant display of EASTER
NOVELTIES on view in our Brio-a-Brao Department, now on main floor.
D ANZIGER'S
THE MONEY-SAVING STORES FOR THE PEOPLE, '
Sixth St. and Penn Avenue,
PITTSBUBG-, IF.A-
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15
NEW ADVERTISEMENTS.
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