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li
ITTSBURG DISPATCH.,
PAGES 9 TO 12.
PITTSBURG, SATURDAY, MARCH IB, 1890.
iw r . 1W W -W W'-m TT
SECOND PART. j M H
--- ii..
A HANDSOME DESIGN.
How to Build and Furnish a Fine
Home For Less Than $5,000.
THE DESIGN FOR THE W00LSELY.
Floor Tlans and Decorations That "Will
Surely Please the llomo Maker.
COMPKEEEXSIVE TIEWS AND IDEAS
rwKlTTEV FOB TUB DISPATCH
HE exterior and
interior details of
the Woolscly will
doubtless increase
the interest of the
readers of the
Homestead series
and possibly the
demand for a resi
dence of this nature will exceed any pre
viously published. It is evident that the
design is of the Romanesque order, but the
THE TVOOLSELY DESIGN.
architect has mingled a few other styles
with it, such as the Moorish and Colonial,
and harmoniously brought them all to-
gether. This house furnished will cost but
4,650, though it shows a greater value;
even 510,000 would not seem too high.
It is the most imposing-looking house of
the series for the amount to be expended,
and in every way its finish is not in the least
behind a more expensive construction. So
well has the architect drawn the exterior
that there seems little need in describing it.
The colors nsed on the shingles will be, on
the roof, a brick red; the sides an earth stain
trimmed with a jaded yellow ochre.
The perspective shows some pretty panels
and spiral work, very effective and decorative
adornments which fit in at the right places
and help to carry the scheme of balancing
lines. The casements are full and wide;
these also help the breadth and take offany
ill effect of angles. Clapboard' fisure in the
upper portions and on the L. while a section
oro is to be utilized by the introduction of a
little plastic wort. "The plan as viewed
illustrates perfectly the possibility of making
a house artistic at "a moderate price.
In theinterior view one gains a compre
hensive idea to the library or sitting room.
The ground plan admits of an excellent
arrangement, as the chimney sets at
the right angle and makes it pos
sible to gronp the rooms with
telling effect. The library faces the parlor
and the dining room, very nearly, and its
effects can be studied while in either room.
This idea of making the lower floor open
gives a largeness of feeling to the mind and
a freedom to the thought and eyes, as well
as airiness. The fire place is of the Moorish
character, though the lower portions break
the idea of imitation.
The construction about the mantel is
quite simple, though the architect takes
advantage of the new process of relief
decoration and makes some fine effects at
la la ji 3
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a reasonable cost Everything in this room
is kept quite graceful, interesting to look
at as well as to use. The hearth is tiled
and compares well with the antique red
oak floor and rug, which spreads over the
center of the room.
In the dining room the dado is raised to
four feet while the cornice and frieze
take up nearly two feet, leaving a good,
upace tor the pictures between. The walls
are left natural in texture, these arc tinted
and a tiny design is stenciled over the sur
face, gold being the basis of the material
used.
In the parlor plush of a gray and blue is
used to match the mural decorations and
the elegant drapes of turkoman stuff, em
broidered. The dining room chairs are in
red leather, while those of the library are in
heavy reps, brass nails. Of course the de
signs" vary somewhat, but the scheme of the
draughtsman and architects is lo keepup
the feeling of the Romanesque scroll, with
out too much aflectation.
On the second floor, there are reallv five
rooms which includes the bathroom. The
stairway has been so constructed that there
is no turn or landing; this idea saves room
inasmuch as it brings one direct to the
gallery, and instead of closets and cellar
stairway room, the lower under side is used
to make the hall extend deeper.
The three good sized chambers, front and
sides, are well furnished, papered and
closeted, the furnace heat and water being
in all the looms except the small room used
usually on this floor as a playroom, though
the nurse or a child might sleep in it. There
are but two furnished rooms on the next
floor, though an extra one on
easily be made accessible.
Let us turn onr attention to some of the
artistic creations of the household, these
things which beautify and help to make
"home attractive." Here are screens which
brighten up four different sections. The
rustic screen has four panels of moss-painted
centers, and stands in the entrance 10 the
parlor, another sets at the opening to the
dining room, and the remaining two of
silk are in the guest chamber and the lare
room adjoining.
Then there are the white colonial bed
steads, lined or striped with gold so rich
wholesome and decorative. The rest of the
furniture upstairs comes under the head of
art objects, the crcton upholstery, fresh and
inviting alike to the eye and bodv, the ovjI
mirror scans, dresser candlesticks, laces
eic, au combine to please those who are in
the least :estlietic.
There are several bits of bric-a-brac in the
parlor, jars, plaster and Lamoge objects here
or there, two of Harlow's water colors, an
etching, four photo frames and' a
marine oil picture; these coupled with
5tnva.
handsome rngs, a cabinet with German
plate glass and teakwood slides, curtained
with plush form unique decorations all full
of the mystery of color and form.
The practical man may suggest that it
would be well to look at the coal bins, heat
ing apparatus and other facilities, also the
method and solidity of construction before
making an inventory of the household goods,
but to such, it is well to state that the car
penter, plumber and furnace contractors are
usually not paid lor their work until the
client and architect mutually accept every
portion and all alterations are finished and
in running order for 20 days.
the Ii can
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AMONG THE MOSQUES.
Wateman's Pen Pictures of Pleasant
Scenes in Old Algiers.
LAND F NATURAL ENCHANTMENT,
Haunted by Ghostly Memories and Mystic
Traditions of Olden Times.
LEAYES FK0M AFKICAN HISTOEI
rcOnRESrONDEXCE OP THE DISrATCU. 1
Algiers, February 25. Unless the
United States Government shall speedily
do what should have been done any time
during the pas half century, take or buy
Cuba, and thus provide a vast and splendid
winter sanitarium for the American people
and for hosts of European idlers and travel
ers nothing can prevent the Barbary States
of North Africa in general and that of
Algiers in particular, from becoming the
winter resort of the whole civilized world.
An outline of Algerian history can be
given in a few sentences. Algeria became
a Eoman province at the close of the Itoman
civil war. Commerce and agriculture flour
ished, and Christianity was in the ascendant.
Then, in the fifth century, when the Van
dals swept in conquering hosts upon Roman
territory, Algiers became the scene of awful
strife and constant change of rule. On the
incoming of the seventh century, Algerians,
as well as the people of nearly all North
African States, had sunk into ferocious bar
barism. This was remedied to some extent
during the brief Algerian reign of Ferdinand
of SDain, from 1509 to 1516, when Ferdi
nand died, and that most famous of all
pirateB. Barossa. graduating from a brilliant
curriculum of Turkish horrors in piracy, ac
quired Algerian rule by force and diplomacy,
and introduced that system of piracy and
compulsory tribute which, until as late as
1830, a period of more than 300 years, was
not only a merciless scourge to the maritime
interests of the whole world, but carried
witn it the most diabolical outrages upon
countless enslaved Christians known to the
history of man.
Thirty thousand of these sufferers labored
under lash and torture three years to build
the great mole which protected Algiers from
their own release by the maritime powers;
and it is a curious fact that the defiance of
this bugaboo of the Mediterranean, leading
to the eventual overthrow of the last strong
hold of piracy on earth, came from a
"Yankee" Government, and was effectively
conveyed by a "Yankee" frigate bold. I
think it was in 1815, and under Monroe's
administration, that our Government de
cided to curb Algerian pretensions.
EOMBAKDING ALGIERS.
Commodore Decatur was sent to the Med
iterranean to serve notice on the then Bey
of Algiers that from that time forth the
United States merchantmen and battle ships
touching at the port of Algiers should cease
to pay tribute. One refusal like this, as a
precedent, would ruin Algerian piracies,
and the august Dey parleyed with excellent
diplomacy, finally agreeing to accept fiom
Decatur an insignificant amount of powder
for the sake of appearances. The answer of
the plucky Commodore to this was: "If
you succeed in taking any powder, you will
get the balls with them." And he kept his
word. He gave the town a hot bombard
ment, letting light galore into many a
shadowy mosque, and sailed calmly away.
This spirited example touched the pride
of the English, and gave them courage to
order the bombardment of Algiers the fol
lowing year, under lord Exmouth. But
little came of all this until France took
her turn at Algiers. This was effectually
done by the landing of a large
army on her coast in 1830, followed
by such thorough work that on July
4, of that year, Algiers surrendered; France
took formal possession of the country; waged
unrelenting though often unsuccessful war
upon the savage interior tribes; finally
effected the establishment of powerful inter
ior fortresses and splendidly equipped out
posts, carrying civilization and progress
close to the butt end of every rifle; until, in
1871, the poweiful siiieks were glad to sue
lor a permanent armistice; military rule
was withdrawn; and now, under a wise and
beneficent rule, the people of Algiers, a ter
ritory as great in area as that of France,
have in less than two decades been reclaimed
from positive barbarism to at least conform
ity with civil administration, and put in
the line of such elevation and progress as
will at no distant day render this land of
tradition and natural enchantment the most
lovely garden spot of the whole world
unless, as I have said, we will make of our
nearer Algeiia-Cuba, its twin sister in lan
guorous clime and radiant possibilities, a
Paradise Park for the new world and the
old.
NIGHT IN THE TEOriCS.
Your steamer will convey yon from Mar
seilles to the port of Algiers in a trifle over
one day's time. It is seldom out of sight of
some Mediterranean craft, and there is al
ways a consciousness of nearness to other
human interests and of quiet and restful
companionship upon this great land-locked
ocean which I have never known upon
other waters. So, too, glimpses of lovely
Minorca and Majorca, the easternmost
gems of the Balearic Islands, still held bv
Spain, and midway between the Spanish
and African ceasts, their white villages
nestling upon emerald mountain sides, or
blending with the glittering spume at the
edges of circling bays, are lull of winsome
ness and delight. Then, far away, before
the tronic night settles softly upon sea and
land like a perfumed, translucent cloud of
daikeniug pearl, there is spread before you
such a reach of grand and glorious coast
line the real "Afric's coral strand" of in
describable beauty, and not the dread coast
of the old missionary hymn as renders true
picturing impossible; the whole changeful
panorama of headland, beach, forest, glit
tering village and noble bay, backed along
the ragged horizon by the eternal peaks of
the Atlas height', which even under tropic
suns soar above the clouds to the region of
silencei, ghostly and phantomful with their
crowns of snow and ice.
The very air at sea is odorous, as with
thyme and balm. The fancy, quickened by
tradition and the memorv of oriental mys
ticisms, builds wondrous creations surpass
ing the wildest and most fabulous tales of
the "Arabiannights." Snug in a steamer
chair one reclines and dreams. Subtle es
sences as from lotus flowers mingled with
subtler rose attars touch the sense and bind
in sleep. The deck stewards are no doubt
similarly enthralled, for you are not rudely
disturbed; and through all the caresstul
night, while the stars grow and glow above,
and the silent, phosphorescent sea pulses
and throbs in pale flames beneath, you near
this radiant haven of this radiant land.
morning in afmca.
Then for a time all is still. The night
and sleep and languorous tropic airs enfold
and hold until the dawn has come. The
great steamer with her silent enginery, softly
tuzging at her anchor chain has drifted
with the tide, until her stately prow nods
gracefully to the white city upon the heights.
Your chair happens to stand amidships upon
the port side. There are sweetest zephyrs
playing through the riggings ef the number
less craft upon the bay. These kiss your
face until your eyes open lazily, as one who
regrets to awaken and dispel a pleasing
dream. And yet they open as though you
are but knowing another dream. They
awaken upon morning in Algiers; morning
so'really a dream, bo dreamful a reality, that
no pretentious art, which has so far dawdled
only with terrace, fountain, court, or
woman's limbs and eyes, has ever caught for
canvas a single recognition of its glory.
Over to the eastward as if from a bed of
crimson-purple lava, the great, red sun,
here seemingly tremendously larger than in
northern climes,bursts from aflaming crescent
into a flaming globe above the rim of the sea.
Beyond is Palestine. Like a flash the
thought links the coming of the glorious
orb to semblance of that undying flame of
Christianity, kindled in the Holy Land,
which, as this sunlight melts and consumes
these shadows, shall surely penetrate with
the glory of the Cross, to the darkest places
of the earth. But for this the very sea
walls, built by groaning Christian slave,
would not now offer safety to the ships of
the world's Christian nations. But what
wondrous magic comes with this sun of an
Algiers morning! Here between the sea's
bed of crimson and the awakening city are
swaying on the gentle tide half a thousand
ships, a curious conglomerate of the world's
marine architecture, their yellow spars but
a moment since like giant reeds above the
gloaming of a shadowy marsh, now pinked
from tip to socket by the sunlight, while it
hints, in its play upon their colorful ensigns,
of the far lands where their waiting havens
lie. These flags flags of ownership, flags
of courtesy, flag that convey the etiquette
of both sea ami port,
FLAGS OF ALL NATIONS
kissed by these morning rays give wonder
ful life, movement and color to the masts
and rigging; while the vessels beneath them,
from ali quarters of theglobcin such quaint
and interesting variety as you will scarcely
find in other ports, to the thought, in their
far-coming and far-going, are a strong and
impressive thread of circumstance woven in
to the woof of the world's mutual relations.
Here, ranged side by side, are the great
French, English, Spanish and Italian steam
ers. Beyond are numbers of the odd little
Algerian coasters that know the coves and
inlets of every mile of coast from Tangier to
the Suez canal, and which bring hither
from the coastwise villages the products and
flavor of remote and simple life. Here are
French brigs and barks with merchandise
from Marseilles. Near them are a few
American schooners with fish from Glouces
ter and New Bedford. They will carry
back cargoes of rock salt or of rags to Amer
ican ports. From Halifax are schooners
with cargoes of apples, flour and fish.
Heavily-built brigs and brigati tines are here
from Brazil with wheat, tassajo or jerked
beef, sweet oil, olives and fruit tropical
products to a tropical port. Dirty barks
have come with English coal.
A fine American craft has brought an en
tire cargo of the toothsome American pre
served meats. Norwegian barks have
brought coal from the Baltic and tiles from
France and Spain. Spanish vessels are here
with linen and wines from Barcelona. From
Palermo and other Sicilian ports are dainty
crafts with flour and wines. Here and there
are Turkish vessels with tremendous single
sails, square-built fore and aft, with sterns
and prows like ancient log cabins. Scores
of the clumsy feluccas from Crete and the
Ionian Islands, the chebecs of the Arabs,
and the identical great boats of the olden
pirates, lie low in the water here and there,
their half-naked Greek or Arab sailors,
lithe of limb and nut-brown of lace, vividly
recalling those glorious days of Barossa,
booty and blood. But quainter than all,
are the rare old tubs from Chioggia and
Venice with the same high peaks and sterns
they had in the days of the Doges. They
come with the glass of Murano, and have a
painted Virgin on each bow as an endless
supplication against every form of evil and
peril.
A QUAINT OLD CITY.
Before you rises the citv new and old
new where the stirring French have torn
away ancient mosques and fortresses and
with hundreds of millions of francs built al
most another Paris in park, boulevard,
hotel, palace and monument; wholly old be
yond and above, older than Mohammedanism,
perhaps some of it older than the Bible. To
your right and near the sea, the Grande
Mosque, Djainaa el-Kebir, lifts its graceful
minaret built by Tlemcen in 1324; and
nearer still to the sea, the olden center of
worship and affairs, stands the mosque, Dja
maa el-Djedid, with its mighty central dome
aud four lesser fines, built in the form of a
Greek cross by a Genoese architect who suf
fered death for thus having imposed a sym
bol of the Christian religion upon JIussul
men worshipers. Beyond these the thor
oughfares narrow; the structures grow
denser, and old Algiers climbs the heights a
mass of brilliant terraces, domes and mina
rets, housing a population as weird aud
strange as the world can produce, to the
nose of the lofty promontory behind.
To the north, the city breaks away in de
tached villages toward the sea. To the
south, and still mountainward, stretches the
villas and palaces of Mustapha Supereur.
Below it are plazas and vast drill maneuver
ing grounds for the French army. And
still beneath, are the quaint old walls and
shadowy streets where live the lowly of Al
giers, in Mustapha Inlerieur. Above all,
perched upon the brow of the promontory,
is the tremendous ancient Fort l'Empereur,
where the camp of Charles V. was once
pitched, and where General Beaumont re
ceived the capitulation of Algiers While
just beneath, fit emblem of complete sub
jugation, are the stupendous though ruined
and crumbling remains of
THE OLDEN MOORISH KASBAII
or citadel, where, as the palace and strong
hold of the Deys, enormous treasure was
stored. It was defended by 200 pieces of
arti'lery; lookouts were kept from its
heights for luckless craft and signals
here given ordering their capture
by the fierce pirates of the harbor;
and it was in the now extinct palace within
its walls where the slap of a fan in the face
of a French consul by the last Algerian Dey
cost that potentate his dominion. As one
looks upon it all in this elorious Algerian
morning-time the entire scene is one of
white-winged peace and languorous rest.
White and green and pearly blue are in
citv, heights, and sea and sky.
There is a gravity in movement of every
human being in sight that tells repose. The
sea is a bed of unruffled pearl. The great
mosques hint of cool silences leading to
shadowy mihrabs which ever point tothe
one Mecca of the Orient and its rest ul par
adise beyond. Far in the depths of the
hillside verdure one sees where eoneful
fountains are. The deep green of olfves,
the lordly shade of tan-palms, even the
lofty empurpled mountains beyond the
odorous valleys, speak but ot rest. As you
step for the first time on Ai'fic's shore, the
sun, the sky, the sea, the air, mountain and
valley, city old and citizen grave, demure,
seem one blended invitation to endless and
tender quietude in witching dreamlands of
repose. Edgar L. Wakeman.
CALLING OUT THE BLOODHOUNDS.
White Dlnrdorers la South Carolina to be
limited by Does.
rSPECIAL TELEQIAM TO TUB DISPATCH.!
Columbia, S. C, March 14. Some days
ago the Governor received private informa
tion that Murrell and Carpenter, the two
young white, men, who were condemned to
death last fall for the murder of young
Yonce, in Edgefield county, and who es
caped from jail just before the time set for
their hanging, under circumstances that
pointed to the complicity of the
county officials, were still in the
county of Edgefield, hiding in swamps
and burning property of those promi
nent in their prosecution. All the parties,
murderers and murdered, were young white
men. A large reward was offered for the
capture of Murrell and Carpenter. Gov
ernor Bichardson encouraged patriotic citi
zens of the county to hunt them down.
A telegram was received to-night by the
Governor from the intendant ot Johnston
saying that the murderers were surrounded
in a swamp and asking that bloodhounds be
sent to locate them. There are no hounds
here, and the Sheriff of Greenville, who
has the best dogs for tracking men
in this part of the country has been tele
graphed to take his dogs to Edgefield by the
first train in the morning. The escaped
murderers are heavily armed, and will of
course sell their lives as dearly as possible.
They will probably not be captured alive.
Murrell is only 19 years old and Carpenter
20 years old.
ONE DROP OF WATER,
A Subject of Sufficient Importance to
Engage for Weeks
THE MICEOSCOPIST'S ATTENTION
The Difficulties lie Encounters and the
Strange Facts lie Learns.
SMALL LAKES UNDER A MICROSCOPE
At different times within the past few
months The Dispatch has presented to its
readers illustrations of the disease germs
and other contaminations found in South
side water. These diagrams were only
drawn after great study and research. To
the uninitiated it is doubtful if any idea was
conveyed of the work and hours of time
these illustrations and their explanations
represented. In this regard it is only
necessary to state as a starter that all of Dr.
Edgar A. Mundorff s spare moments, often
extending far into the night, were spent
for over three weeks in studying the drops
ot water from Beck's Bun schindery given
him for analysis by The Dispatch. It
took all of this study before he could lay
bare to public gaze a drop of water in its
true light and, from a scientific standpoint.
Again, many readers were perhaps led to
believe that each illustration was of a drop;
whereas, it was only a picture of a one
thousandth of a drop. It would then be
possible for one drop of water to contain
1,000 of such disease germs as were shown to
exist by the illustrations. A drop of water
is a world of life of which few have
knowledge.
EXPLORING A DROP Or -WATER.
With this fact before bim a Dispatch
man was led to visit the office of Dr. Mun
dorff and rather startle him by asking,
"How do you make a microscopic analysis
of a drop of water? Tell me the process
from beginning to end."
The doctor at first refused, partly from the
magnitude of such a task and again from
a stronger objection, that of professional
etiquette, which is the obstacle the news
paper men meet when seeking to interview
any physician of good standing. But as a
continuation of the other work done by him,
he could hardly refuse, and at last pulled off
his coat and dictated the following:
"The microscope bears the same relation
to the universe of the infinitely little as the
telescope to the universe of the infinitely
great. Associated with the telescope, if
asked to what kind of instruments and
degree of magnifying power is necessary to
view the heavens with, the astronomer
would reply that the question covers too
much space. It would imply the power of
using an instrument ot given amplitude,
and without any changes in its ad
justment of exploring the heavens from
depth to depth. Such with astronomers is
not the case. He knows by his long and
painstaking experience, associated with cer
tain mental aptitudes that to revolve a
single star into proper distinctness, with the
varying minor details connected with that
resolving, it not only requires au instru
ment specially adapted to the work in hand.
but one that he must know how, by previous
experiences and failures to adjust to the
right focus.
DIFFICULTIES IN THE 'WAT.
"The same difficulties that beset the
astronomer beset, in a somewhat modified
sense, the microscopist. He must be per
fectly familiar with the instrument he has
chosen for the special work in hand, and
Tcnow how to bring out its powers so as not
to lead him to false conclusions. A drop of
water, for instance, considered as a
minute sphere, would require for its
general examination an instrument of
low magnifying power, and then the ob
server wouid simply see a mass of fluid con
taining various small bodies. It he were
not an experienced hand with his instru
ment he would be satisfied that he had seen
all that was in it.
"That drop of water which we have now
discovered with its small bodies, as seen by
us under a low power ot the microscope, has
simply revealed the coarsest and least val
uable of its contents, from a scientific point
of view. The view would be defective and
the conclusions drawn wonld be entirely
wrong. It would be defective, first, in that
the observer would not know whether he
had his instrument in foens or not, or
whether he saw things under his instrument
as they really are.
EFIECT OF LIGHT AND SHADOWS.
"He did not calculate on the far-reaching
fact that whether the mass of matter is as
large as a star or so small as to require the
very highest powers of magnification known
to man to reveal it, the same physical
ditions govern it. One of these is light, and
its corelative is shadows. A small body
could be seen in a veil of shadows which
distorted its true physical appearance, as
well as the moon under an eclipse. It will
then be seen that what the observer, with
his low power microscope thousrht he saw
was not the true images of the things them
selves. Bight here is one ot the difficulties
of making an analysis of a drop ot water,
unless the observer is prepared to correct all
mistakes by a knowledge of how to adjust
his instruments. The difficulty of light and
shadows in seeing things as they really are
not increased immensely with the increase
intbe magnifying powers of the microscope.
"Without a previous knowledge of the
things sought for, and known by previous
experiment under different powers of the
microscope, the inexperienced observer
would be led astray by a slight adjustment
of the focus. An object that has a square
or irregular form may be made to appear
round, colored with various tints and wholly
umiKe itseii. xnereiore, wnen we come to
view minute bodies, such as bacteria,
which may range anywhere from one-five
hundredths to thirty-thousandths of an inch
in dimension, under very high power, the
task becomes of great difficulty, indeed.
"That drop ot water of which we have
just spoken, under the lenses we are accus
tomed to use would be spread out over the
space of a small lake; and within that drop
of water would be revealed a little world of
living forms of the most varying and unique
description. The putrefactive bacteria
that occur in pur river water
may be satisfactorily studied under
a power that will increase their dimensions
600 or 700 times. The more dangerous
bacteria of disease cannot be studied with
any satisfaction at all under magnifying
powers that do not run up 1,000 times and
frequently beyond. And here other difficul
ties arise to obstruct the process of an
alysis. RESEMBLANCE OF BACTERIA.
"Many forms of bacteria resemble each
other, and that resemblance, in some in
stances, becomes so striking as to lead
astray the mind of one that is not careful.
The minute vegetable growths are nearly as
colorless as the water itself. If they" are
living they would be found to constantly
appear and disappear in the field of vison.
Having thus before you the pursuit of dis
ease germs so small that it requires the
highest powers of the microscope to reveal
them, you will find new difficulties perpetu
ally arise to prevent you from identifying
them. One of those, and the main one, is
to have the light properly adjusted, so as to
bring out the strongest powers of your
lens. This is a task alone that requires
great patience and a proper knowledge of
the laws ot light.
"Having now an instrument of the most
perfect design and magnifying lenses of the
highest degree of excellence attached, your
light properly adjusted and the suspected
microscopic field under vour eve. vou pro
ceed to search for those forms kioKfl to yoiy
which bear direct relation to the cause of
disease. If you are skilled, your first efforts
will lead you to suspect among the in
finitely minute organisms under your eye
certain forms which correspond in shape,
movement and other physical character
istics to the class of disease germs you are in
search of. You will then proceed after hav
ing studied them under so many diameters
1,000 perhaps to increase the powers of
your vision and thus view these deadly
little bodies from different points of view.
Now the real work of investigation only
begins. It is not sufficient, from a scientific
point of view, that the disease germs under
your eye conform in all their details to the
class you think they may belong. You
must resort to an entirely different method
to establish that fact.
COLORING OF MINUTE ORGANISMS.
"One of the finest discoveries known lo
pathologists in recent years is that certain
organized tissues will take certain stains,
and fortunately for humanity as well as for
scientific work, this is true of all these
minute forms which we have discussed.
But just here another difficulty arises.
Forms of bacteria, ot entirely different
species, will take the same stain. Hence,
our disease germs may turn out to be harm
less bacteria in disguise. To remedy this, it
will be necessary at times to devise means
which alone not only taxes the patience,
but 'burns the midnight oil.' At this point
tne Skin ano judgment of the observer wilt
alone help him to solve the problem.
"In the investigation done by the request
and under the instructions of The Pitts
burg Dispatch 30 failures occurred, after
the most painstaking care and prolonged
labor in reaching some of the details sought
auer. jjmerem species nan to be isolated
by proper and painful processes before their
exact position in the field of view could be
assigned. Two weeks wcrR spent, alone in
volving all my spare hours, extending late
into the night and often into the early morn
ing, before the work set before me was satis
factorily arranged.
"Colonies of bacteria were separated from
the hosts around them and studied day after
day without satisfactory results. The
staining material used by pathologists as
is frequently the case, had to be rejected
0 ftea or sp modified as to make in the sense
a new stain. The germs ot one class, which
1 know as disease germs, gave me greatest
trouble. I have repeatedly found them with
much les3 trouble in the human tissue.
Those germs were the germs of tubercle or
consumption.
THREE 'WEEKS OF LABOR.
"These germs which I found to correspond
with the typhoid germs by their dimensions,
their susceptibility to certain stains after
previous preparation and varving periods
of exposure, and which I felt satisfied the
requirements of accuracy in recognizing
such, cost me three weeks of labor. The
immense difficulties in the way lie in the
tact that disease germs exist in fluids, such
as milk and water, when the most careful
analysis has not been able to bring them to
light. To find the tubercle vacillus
(consumption) in fluids is quite a different
thing from discovering it in its native
place, the melting tissues of a diseased
lung.
"You will see by this time what your
question involved when you asked me 'how
to analyze a drop of water.' This interview
could be carried on for hours without ex
hausting the subject, but what I have given
you will enable your readers to judge in
some degree of the work of the microscop
ist. I wish to say in conclusion that I sub
mit to thu interview at the request of The
Dispatch because it serves a purpose
which I have in view, and that is to once
more publicly state that I have carried out
mv humble work from a sincere desire to
offend none, but benefit all."
WHEN IS A DOG NOT A DOG ?
A Burning Qneitlon to Owners of Fnpplrs
. ThaUienioc Dntvr No Line A -Dos nt
Any Age Mutt be Taxed No Dlitlnctloo
for Acr
"Dog!" is often a term of reproach, and
there is no other animal that is so widely
estimated as the dog. "While by the
average Oriental he is despised and is a
synonoym for uncleanness as well as de
pravity, he is on the other hand petted and
fondled by lords and ladies of high degree
in this and other countries sometimes to the
disgust of some people who feel a contempt
for a woman who picks her pug or poodle
up and carries nim over muddy street
crossings. And where is there a small boy
who will not comfort himself with the
possession of the mangiest cur on the street
if he cannot have one of high degree?
But it has occurred to the County Com
missioners to regard a dog as a dog, no mat
ter what his age, and there is no statute or
standard of public opinion to decide the
matter. The question has arisen on the pro
test of a breeder of dogs, who claimed that
puppies were not dogs. He was blessed
with the possession of a dozen or two of
them when the Assessor made his visit, and
con-wthe tax of 50 cents on males and jl on
females became a matter of moment to him
The Assessor persisted in regarding puppies
as dogs, no matter whether their eyes were
opened or not, and the County Commis
sioners have ratified his decision, and the
owner has no resource but to submit or carry
the case into court.
Tnere should be some boundary line es
tablished. Should a puppy be considered a
dog when his eyes are opened or when he
sheds his first set of teeth, or at the time
when he loses his playful disposition and
settles down to the sober duties of doghood?
It is well known to all who have had the
education and maintenance of a young
Newfoundland or St. Bernard during the
first year of his existence that he is not only
useless, but more costly to maintain than a
colt of the same age, and yet no Assessor
would think of listing a young colt at the
same value that he does a mature and
serviceable horse of the same breed.
In this connection many people have
suggested from time to time that there
should be a more clearly marked distinction
between youth and manhood than at pres
ent. There is no more miserable period of
existence than that when a boy is in the
transition state. He may be larger and
have more sense than his father, and yet he
Is only a boy. His voice is a cross between
the roar of an electric car and a buzz-saw.
No tailor can fit him, and he is neither a
man nor a boy for several years before he is
21 years of age, and then he is a man no
matter whether he be fit for the duties of
manhood or not. The togavirilis must then
be donned, and the boy of the day before is
at once vested with an awful responsibility,
and must pay taxes, and in some States
work on the roads two days in a year, and
can march up to a bar and get as drunk as
his father. Some think an intelligence
standard should govern, and boys graduate
into men when they are able to pass an ex
amination. At present they and dogs and
Indians, the latter not taxed, labor under
special disabilities.
COMRADES THAT ARE GONE.
Memorial Service! br Ibo Charles R. Bright
For, G. A. R., of Verona, To-Tilghr.
Charles B. Bright Post No. 3G0, G.
A. E., located at Verona. Pa., will hold a
memorial service in memory of five deceased
comrades at the post room, opposite the
railroad station Verona, this evening at
7:30 o'cloct. Bev. Nevin, of the United
Presbyterian Church, will deliver the me
morial address. A trained choir led by "W.
W. Lightbody will render select and appro
priate music.
Department Commander Denniston and
Past Junior Vice Commander A. P. Burch
field will go from hers and are expected to
make some pertinent remarks. The services
will be open to the public and all ex-soldiers
of the Union are particularly invited to
attend. "
"When yon have a cough or cold buy the
genuine Dr. Bull's Cough Syrup, 25 cts.
RSs.,, de
WKmSBm 1
From Chambers' Joursal Illustrated
by The Dispatch.
Monsieur Alphonse Thevinet was sitting
with his arms upon one of the small iron
tables under the awning outside the Cafe
Victor on the Cours Boiledieu. A glass of
cold coffee stood before him, which he stirred
now and again with an abstracted air. The
buzz of conversation, the excited exclama
tions of piquet players, and the rattle of
dominoes, rose all round him; waiters in
long white aprons flitted to and fro, laden
with cups and glasses, serving the numerous
customers who made the Victor their nightly
rendezvous. It was 8 o'clock on a warm
July evening, and the company at the cafe
was large, but M. Alphonse Thevinet,
sitting alone buried in his thoughts, saw
and heard nothing. For M. Alphonse was
in love! Yes, in love. He had become
deeply epris with Mademoiselle Adrienne
Mesnildot, daughter of the rich advocate,
M. Jules Mesnildot, and the belle of Bouen.
How he had succeeded in falling in love
with her is a question too subtle for us to
deal with. He had never waltzed with
Mademoiselle Adrienne; had never sat out
dances with her in twilight bowers; had
never even taken her down to dinner or
played tennis with her. The last was indeed
an impossibility, for lawn tennis was a
closed book to M. Alphonse. He had that
HE CAME IN TIME
afternoon met Madame Mesnildot and her
only daughter at the band in the gardens at
the Place Solferino, and had, as on previous
occasions, sat with them, criticising the
music and the passers-by, talking of the
weather, the approaching festivities of La
Fete Nationale, and the news from Paris.
It was the ninth time he had
thus met Mademoiselle Adrienne; but
never in the whole course of his
acquaintance had he eDJoyed so much as a
two minutes' tete-a-tete with her. Madame
her mother was her constant duenna, and
little walks and little talks with Mademoi
selle by herself were luxuries unknown to
him. And yet at the moment we find him
lounging over his cafe froid at the Victor he
is actually engaged in the process called
'making up his mind' to propose in due
form for Mademoiselle Adrienne s hand.
'She is beautiful,' said M. Alphonse to him
self; 'she is amiable; she is 10 years old;
and Monsieur Mesnildot cannot give her
less than 80,000 francs for dot. Less! Par
bleu, it is impossible that she shall not re
ceive 100,000. My friend Monsieur duies
Bernier shall call upon Madame Mesnildot
without delay. It is done!'
Now, it was a somewhat bold thing for M.
Alphonse to sav thus that 'it was done,' in
asmuch as M. Georges Thevinet, his father,
had never even told him to look upon him
self as affianced to Mademoiselle Adrienne
or anybody else. But allowance must be
made for Si. Alphonse in view of the sin
gulaily happy attitude his only living
parent adopted toward him. M. Georges
Thevinet was a shipowner of large property;
and of his three children, M. Alphonse was
the eldest and favorite; to Alphonse he gave
an annual allowance of 6,000 francs, and
denied him nothing he chose to ask. When,
in accordance with the laws of the Repub
lic, M. Georges' wealth wa& divided among
his three sons, the share be had allotted to
Alphonse, though apparently of value equal
to those of his brothers, wonld in reality
yield the largest income. But we antici
pate. 31. Alphonse Thevinet, sitting over his
cold coffee at the Victor was one of the best
looking young men In all Normandy, and
everybody, himself included, knew well that
he was the best parti in the province. He
was 23 years of age, and stood 5 teet 2 inches
in his socks; his black hair, cut scrupulous
ly to a uniform length of three-eighths of an
inch, stood erect upon a well-shaped head;
his mustache, though small, was a model of
symmetry; and his dress, from the high
crowned straw hat with ribbon a la Tour
Eiffel, to his varnished boots, defied criti
cism. Mademoiselle Adrienne was fortu
nate indeed; Monsieur and Madame Mes
nildot could not but welcome such a suitor
for their daughter; and since M. Alphonse
had decided to present himself in that ca
pacity, her happiness was seenred whether
her views concurred with theirs or not. A
young French lady has no voice in these
matters; she is not consulted, and infinite
possibilities of trouble are thus agreeably
avoided.
M. Alphonse sat smoking his cigarette
and tasting his coffee, now and then ex
changing a bow with au acquaintance; but
he made no attempt to enter into conversa
tion, until a short stout man of five or six
and thirty, with a smooth, pleasant face,
came through the flower-tubs which par
tially concealed the cafe doors from the
public eye. Then M. Alphonse sprang up
to meet bim.
'Aha! it is you, my friend,' he cried,
'Come! sit here with me. I have business
of importance to discuss.'
M. Jules Bernier for he, and no other,
was the newcomer thus welcomed by Al
phonse suffered himself to be led to a seat
at the table whence the latter had just risen.
'You will take something?' inquired M.
Alphonse affectionately.
'A glass of eau sucree,' responded M.
Jules Bernier with promptitude.
The refreshment was speedily placed be
fore.him; and as he proceeded to break the
sngar in his glas3 with the metal crusher, he
reverted to thewords with which his friend
had greeted him. 'You have business of
which to speak,' he said. 'May I inquire
its nature?'
M. Alphonse threw aside the end of his
cigarette and leaned across the table, that
he might not be overheard. 'You know,
doubtless, Monsieur and Madame Mesnil
dot, Jnles, my friend?' he began.
M. Bernier sipped his glass with relish,
and bowed assent. 'Yes,' he said; 'I have
known them well from my childhood.
'You are then an intimate friend?
'Certainly; I have the honor.'
'Then I have to ask of you a favor,
Jules,' said M. Alphonse impressively. 'I
wish to ask if you will accept from me an
errand of delicate nature to Madame Mesnil
dot?' 'Aha, Alphonse!' and M. Bernier looked
encylopsedias at that gentleman. i'You refer
without doubt to Mademoiselle Adrienne?
Is it not so? M. Bernier might
have been guilty ot winking, as he
put this question, had he known how to
'ml -l I
FOR BREAKFAST.
do it; but he did not, so he accompanied It
by raising his eyebrows until they vanished
into his hair, which answered the same pur
pose. 'You are right, my friend,' responded ST.
Alphonse. 'I am enris with Mademoiselle
Adrienne.' He did not blush as he niada
the tender confession; he had fallen in love
on his own responsibility, and his inde
pendent spirit scorned a blush.
'And you wish me to acquaint Madam
Mesnildot with iour feelings ?'
'If I may so far task your friendship.'
You may, Alphonse. Monsieur your
father has signified his consent, no doubt?'
'Why, no! He is '
'He has not done so I' exclaimed M. Ber
nier in tones of horror. "You cannot possi
bly ask me to do this, when Monsieur The
vinet has not given his permission ?'
r e i . v """" mJ iriena, i pray.
My father has ever been to me the most in
dulgent of parents, and as he is presently
traveling in the country, I feel assnred that
I may take his permission as given.
M. Bernier shook his head. 'Do I under
stand that Monsieur your father is as yet
unaware of your intentions? Navl I cannot
say intentions; your wishes?' The revelation
ot Alphonse had stunned M. Bernier.
'I repeat, Jules, that I am so sure of re
ceiving his consent that I ask you to ap
proach Madame Mesnildot without delay.
Will you perform this kind office for me?'
'As you will," answered M. Bernier,
drawing in his wrists and elbows and ex
panding his palms, with a shrug of the
shoulders 'as you will. For my part, I am
happy to serve you.'
'Then, if you will take breakfast with mo
at 12 o'clock on Saturday I will give vou all
particulars to satis y Madame Mesnil'dot.'
'So soon, Alphonse?'
'Ah, Jules, do not suggest a later dayl
Will your convenience permit that you call
upon Madame Mesnildot on Saturday?'
M. Bernier had by no means recovered
from the shock of hearing that SI. Georges
Thevinet was unacquainted with his son's
intentions; but on reflection he decided that
Alphonse was the best judge of his own
affairs, and that no responsibility would fall
upon himself by accepting the post of am
bassador. He therefore replied that it would
give him pleasure to breakfast with his
friend at mid-day on Saturday, and that he
would call upon Madame Mesnildot after
ward. SI. Alphonse embraced him with fervor,
paid for their refreshment, and left the cafo
to walk homeward.
SI. Jules Bernier was a man of his word,
and punctually at noon on the appointed
day he arrived at M. Thevinet's house care
fully arrayed in evening dress in readiness
to pay his formal call on Sladame Mesnildot
immediately after breakfast.
Little passed between the friends during
the meal, though they were alone together.
M. Bernier was busy with his knife and
fork, and though Alphone ate sparingly, his
thoughts kept him silent. No qualms of
doubt as to the precipitancy ot the step he
was about to take by deputv oppressed
him. His faith in his father's affection
and generosity was too c"eeply rooted
to be disturbed by his ungiven consent.
Bnt at times he was conscious of a mad
yearning to follow the bold, unseemly cus
tom he had been told was prevalent among
the people of Great Britain to go in person
to Mademoiselle Adrienne'a mother, and
m
m
-M
I