r
THE PITTSBURG- DISPATCH, SUNDAY, MARCH 9, 1890.
15
if
THESENATEORATORS,
few of Our Great Men Speak
"Without Preparation.
HOAE'S BEDEOOM EXERCISE
Ingalls Shares Twice and Takes a
Turkish Bath before Talking.
MEN OF FLOWERS AKD OF THOUGHT
rcOERESFOXDEJJCZ Or TIIE DISPATCH. 1
Washington, March 8. Oratory is
dying out in Congress. Tou can count on
your fingers the great speeches which have
been delivered in the
Senate this session
and the Millionaires'
Club runs more to gos
SID and storv than in
7 statesmanlike e 1 o -.
auenee. Thpre bw
two men in the body
who can make a good
after dinner speech to
I every one who can ac
quit himself with
honor upon the floor,
and the Clays, Web
I stcrs and Calhouus of
the present are num
bered. The fastest speaker
in the Senate is Beck.
He wilts his shirt col
lar as he talks and
Hawlcy, Conn. he pours out the dic
tionary at the rate of 225 words per minute.
He speaks without manuscript and thinks
on his feet. It seems to rest him to talk and
tnat big, brown, grizzly gray head of his is
packed full of fact and figure which he
hurls at the opposite sides of the chamber in
a sort of sledge-hammer way. General Joe
Hawley is a fast speaker. His voice is full
and clear and he not infrequently utters a
sentence that sticks to the gray matter of
your brain and is worth repetition. George,
ol Mississippi, is the slowest speaker in the
Senate. His tongue goes by clockwork and
so pendulum ever moved slower. He pays
no attention to the graces ot oratory, and
when he came to Congress he promised his
constituents that he would not wear a dress
Hoar's JXighlshirt Jtehearsal.
suit or ride in a carriage. The same old
snuff-colored clothes which fit as though
tbey had been cut by one of the old mam
mies of his plantation, inclose his fat frame
when he addresses the Senate, and he puts
his whole force into his constitutional argu
ments, which are weighty and strong.
HOW INGALLS PREPARES HIMSELF.
Senator Ingalls shaves himself twice be
fore he comes to the Senate to make a great
speech. He has bis hair carefully combed,
takes a Turkish bath, and looks as he rises
to speak as though he had popped out ot a
bandbox. His Prince Albert coat is but
toned tight around his interrogation point
of a frame, his red necktie is of the freshest,
and he has a half inch of red silk handker
chief sticking ouUide of the left breast
pocket of his coat. A pair of gold spectacles
attached to a long gold chain are seated
across his aristocratic nose, and these spec
tacles are made in a curious shape. Out of
the lower halves of each a halt moon has
been cut and a different quality of glass in
serted therein.
The top of the glasses are for far-sightedness,
and were especially made lor Ingalls
to get a glance at the Democrats, and the
galleries and the hall-moons are for near
sightedness, in order to enable him to read
his manuscript notes. Ingalls has the repu
tation for being a good impromptu speaker.
Ideas drop lrom his tongue faster than the
pearls and diamonds lrom the mouth of the
good little girl in the fairy tale, and he has
gotten the credit of being made up of pure
and unadulterated brain. This is, in a
measure, true, and in a measnre not He
has a wonderful
"vitality of intellect,
and he is a wonderful saver of the intellect
ual pennies. He is in a constant state of
preparation for speeches, and everything he
reads, hears or thinks is laid away in one of
the thousand pigeon holes of that little head,
at such an angle that it will slide out and
down upon his tongue at a second's notice.
He has a wonderful faculty of memory in
that whenever he writes out a sentence or a
fact the pen that prints the words upon the
paper makes an indelible impression on his
brain. He never forgets such sentences,
and when he bees a good thing he puts it
down.
He is a nervous man upon the floor and
he worries considerably over his speeches.
I am told that he did not sleep at all the
night before his last great speech, and
tnough he pretends to have the skin of a hog
he is as tender as a 2-year old child. He is
a man of wonderful ability and of the most
high-strung and sensitive temperament.
He is a full-blooded thoroughbred whose
heels are ready to fly in the faces of his
brother Senators at the slightest provocation,
nnd who is never so happy as when he is
kicking his enemies. He has the greatest
power of invective ever possessed by a
United States Senator and his
CULTURE IS SO EXTENSIVE
that he is able to say a cutting thing in a
thousand different ways aud to make each
one more bitter than the last. He reminds
me much of John Randolph, of Koanoke,
nnd his head is shaped like that of the great
Virginian. He is a greater man than Kan
dolph, and back of his invective he is full
of ideas which tend to the good of his party
and his country, though his own speeches
often act somewhat in the shape of a boome
rang upon himself.
The most deliberate speaker in the Senate
is Edmunds. He speaks without notes,
never revises his manuscript, and now and
then is quite as bitter as Ingalls. "With a
fjee like a patriarch and a beard and bald
bead so saintly that he is taken for the
model of Father Jerome, he likes nothing
better than a slight thrust at his brother
Senators, and he is one of the kickers of the
Senate. He is strong on constitntional
points, and he has an amendment to offer to
everything under the sun. One of his
brother Senators the other dav said he would
bet $100 that if the matter could be proven
it would be found that when Edmunds, as a
baby on bis mother'! knee, wag first taught J
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the Lord's prayer, he objected, jumped
down and offered an amendment to it.
HIS INTELLECTUAL PECULIARITIES.
The trouble witn Edmunds' intellect is
that it is too big for this world. He grasps
matters, in detail
rather than in whole,
and. as one Senator
describes it, ne ioot.s
at the heavens through
a goose quill, and
never sees more than
that which comes with
in his range. "What
he does see he sees
wonderfully well, and
the old story of the
Senator who said Ed
munds could see a
blue-bottle flv on a
barn door four miles
away, without seeing
either the door or the
I. barn, struck the Ver
Umont statesman to a T.
y Edmunds speaks
kT well Ou bliuiuiuiiia.
A little rare old bour-
Pbon makes his tongue
more regular and his
ucar uiuc js ujuio
JJrouTi, Georgia, cold and cruel. He
has a good voice, and his range of knowl
edge is wonderlul. He is of all the Sen
ators the nearest approximation to pure in
tellect, and his experience added to his
brains has made him the autocrat of the
Senate. Both the Republicans and the
Democrats are afraid of hiui, aud he knows
it and likes il.
A COUNTRT PARSON.
Another intellectual giant whs is not here
this session is Joe Brown, of Georgia.
Brown looks like a country parson who bas
been retired after long service in the church
and has turned book agent. He has a long
patriarchal beard, a yellowish bald head
lrom the sides of which long iron gray curls
fall down and wrap themselves around his
ears. His black broadcloth clothes, made
of double thickness lor warmth, hang on his
big thin angular frame as though they came
from a secondhand clothier and his red un
dershirt forms a bracelet around his thin
wrist as he solemnly gestures in straight up-and-down
lines. His forehead is high and
full. His big sunken eyes are hidden by
gold spectacles and the upper lip above his
large mouth is closely shaven. As he
speaks the long beard on his chin moves up
and down like that of a billy goat when
chewing his cud and you think of a patent
straw cutter with a" heavy tail of hair
fastened to the lower end.
The words come out by machinery and
they are carved into vocal blocks with the
slowness and the articulation of a luneral
oration or a judge's sentence. There are
ideas behind the words, however, and Brown
is one of the great speakers of Congress. He
is the richest man in the South and starting
with a capital of a bull and a bell he has
made himself a millionaire and a statesman.
ANOTHER GOOD FIGHTER.
George Vest is a great speaker. He is a
fighter from the word go and he'hunches
up his shoulders and pokes out his head as
he walks around the chamber ready to en
gage in discussion with anyone who'knocks
the chip off his shoulders. He makes one
think of the bad man ot Bitter Creek and
he is a bad man to tackle. He is an elo
quent talker and his fierce mustache of
sandy white fairly quivers with emotion
when he raises his shoulders and shakes his
pudgy little forefinger at his antagonist.
He has a shrill voire and he talks fluently.
He is a well-read man, and in the running
fire of debate he is the Ingalls ot the Demo
cratic side of the chamber. I think he is
the best speaker among the Democrats, and
he is bv ail odds the best speaker from the
South."
Senator Morgan is fully as learned, but
he is terribly prosy and the galleries are
usually cleared when he takes the floor.
Morgan is a. tall, red-faced man with a
silvery mustache. He writes out his
speeches and the manuscript which makes
one of them will weigh as much as a $4
Bible. He does not gesture much as he
talks, and he never sits down under less
than lour columns. The Republican who
comes nearest him is Blair, ot Nevr Hamp
shire, who is now crying out that the news
papers won t print wnat he utters.
EDUCATIONAL BLAIR.
Senator Blair is a character. He is a
sandy-haired grandmother of a man with au
eye as bine as the skies which float over the
Bav of Naples and
with hair which w s
once of that bright
red color which Ti
tian loved to paint.
Age has turned his
locks toa dirty brown
and his sandy brush
heap is now mixed
gray. He tears the
ai" as he talks and
he works hard
enough to make him
self a great reputa
tion. He is con
nected with all the
cranks and isms of
the time and there
is no moral scheme
so wild that he is
not a part of it. He
eats, sleeps and
drinks his educa- r
tional bill and he
s-
talks it upon every,'
possible occasion.
He has wonderful Test, Mo.
perseverance and you might as well try to
chop down a tree with au ax handle as to
change him.
Joe Blackburn is a great speaker. Beau
tiful flowers sprout spontaneously from the
end of his tongue and he is one of the most
popular men with the galleries. He is one
of the readiest men in the Senate and though
his speeches are sometimes light, he is always
listened to. One of his strongest points "is
the State of Kentucky, which he says has
the prettiest girls, the bravest men, the best
whisky and the fastest horses under heaven
and about which he can reel off poetic
effusions of soulful
ELOQUENCE BY THE YARD.
To see Senator Hoar's child-like, bland blue
eyes shining cut through a pair of gold
specs, while with one hand in his pantaloons
pocket and a Dunch ot keys in the other, he
easily talks out his ideas in the best of
Ancle-Saxon, you would suppose that
speeches flowed lrom him with the greatest
of ease, and that the wise words that he
utters were the sparks struck by the occasion
from the Uew England flint of his brain.
You would not suppose he had set ou these
ideas for weeks, and had one by one hatched
them into words. You would not imagine
that he had trained the chickens of his in
tellect into perfect shape by continuous re
hearsing and the brushing ot the feathers
this way and that, nor would you imagine
that a man of his years would rise before
day to go over his orations to the Senate.
Not long ago Mr. Hoar delivered a great
speech wh;ch was reported as a
He was living at the time in rooms on New
York avenue,and Mrs.
Hoar had, I think.
gone home to Massa
chusetts. A couple of
"Washington clerks in
changing their resi
dence, came to the
bouse at which the
Senator was rooming.
They told the lady
that they wanted a
quiet place, and asked
her whether she had
any objectionable or
noisy boarders. She
replied that she had
not, and that she
would give them a
nice back room on the
second floor adjoining
that of one of the most
scholarly, pious and
prim of the United
States Senators. One
of the clerks was not
verv well, and ha was
Vance, ZT. C. making the change
in order that he might rest better than at
his last noisy boardinc place.
4Tia vrtm
and moved in their belongings. Tho next
They liked the outlook, toot:
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t
day just as the sun had begun to paint the
bronze cheeks of the Goddess of Liberty on
the dome of the Capitol, they heard a stamp
ing and roaring in the next room. The
half-sick clerk turned over and asked:
"What is it?" His companion woke up and
said it sounded like a cro6s between sawing
wood and stump speaking, and the two lay
and listened. At the end or an hour they got
desperate, for the hubbub still went on, and
the hair-sirk clerk crawled from his uea,
got on a chair and looked over the transom.
THE ORATOR IN HIS NIGHTIE.
There, before a long pier glass in the light
attire of spectacles, nightgown and slippers,
the great Massachusetts Senator pranced up
and down, and pouuded the air as he talked
to himself of the beauties of education. His
''nightie" flapped about his fat, round
calves as he thundered out "Mr. President,"
aud his blue eyes beamed magnanimously
into bis own as'he looked into the glass and
stretched out his hand, saying: "My col
leagues will agree," etc., etc! It was Sena
tor Hoar in the throes of hisgreat impromptu
speech.
Such preparation, however, is not uncom
mon among our statemen, and Ben: Perlcy
Pooreonce told me that when Martin Van
Buren's effects were sold at auction the
carpet in lront of the glass in his bedroom
was found worn threadbare by his walking
up and down in front of the mirror in re
hearsing his speeches.
Senator Sherman prepares his speeches by
reading well up on the subject beforehand,
getting his notes in
shape and then dictat
ing them to his stenog
rapher. He has good
scrapbooks, and the
volumes ot scraps in
his librarv cover more
than a generation of
public liie. His first
speech in Concress was
delivered more than 33
years ago, and he told
me he was frightened
when he arose to make
it. He was in the
Lower House and there
was an old fellow sit
ting beside him writing
at the session at which
he spoke. There were
a number of new Con
gressmen who made
their first speeches on
thisday. Thisold mem
ber was a kind of mis
anthrope, and as every
Eva.rU, 2f. T. new member ended his
speech he would mutter out loud enough
for Sherman to hear: "Another dead cock
in the pit. Hang hiral"
"At last," said Sherman, "it came my
turn, and I spoke. As I sat down I said to
the old member: 'Well, sir, here is another
dead cock in the pit.'
" 'Oh,' said he, kindly, 'I hope it won't bo
so bad as that with you.' "
SOME OTHER SPEECH-MAKERS.
Senator Voorhees writes out most of his
important speeches. He uses large sheets
of printing paper all of the same size and
neatly cut, and he jots down his thoughts
with a pencil. Senator Call also uses print
ing paper, nnd he writes out the speeches he
makes whea he is not angry. Call's hand
is a terrible scrawl, and the Government
printers tell me they are wearing their eyes
out on his hen tracks. He is rather a violent
talker, and his face grows red and his blue
eyes flash when he imagines himself or his
State to be assaulted. He is directly the
opposite of Chandler, who is his bete noir
in the Senate, Chandler is slender, narrow
shouldered and nervous. His tight little
form is like that of a professor, snd bis gray
eyes look onj of gold glasses. He has long,
white hands, wears a Prince Albert coat and
is a fairly good talker, though not an elo
quent one.
The long sentences of Senator Evarts are
noted, and it is remarkable that the galleries
will sit for hours and practice the intellect
ual feat of keeping track of him. I talked
with Senator Evarts once about this matter,
and he referred me to the Greek and Latin
classics for the sentences of the great orators
of the past, and told me that Cicero used
long sentences.
HOW HE EXCUSES HIMSELF.
I shall not forget one remark that he made.
He referred to his long public career, and
said he thought that the man who could
remain before the people for more than
a generation and have nothing more
charged against him than that he put an ex
tra word or two into his sentences need not
lie awake troubling himself about such
criticisms. Evarts might be called au intel
lectual speaker. He does not saw the air
nor tear his hair, and he rolls out 400 words
without a period with as much ease as
though he was a boy on the street aud was
singing "Down Vent McGinty."
He has the biggest head in the Senate. It
will, T think, measure a foot lrom fore
head to crown and his homely, kindly old face
is wrinkled and scared with the thoughts of
70 odd years. He knows as much as any
man in the Senate and his heart is, lam told,
as big as his head. He has a good nose for
specs and his features all resemble those of
the eagle. He is taller than you would
think, but his frame is spare and he would
not weigh more than 120 pounds. He dresses
in plain black, wears an old-lashioned limp
collar and when he rises to speak you are
impressed with his power.
SOME WHO NEVER SPEAK.
A number of Senators never make
speeches. Senator Payne, though he is
said to be an able lawyer, has not made an
oratorical effort since he came into the
chamber. Don Cam
eron never speaks
and he confines his
remarks to the cloak
rooms, putting his
work in upon the
committees. George
Hearst has made no
speeches, and we
have yet to hear any
thing eloquent from
Matt Quay and Matt
Hansom, though both
have been long in
the Senate. Reagan ,,'
used to speak a great fli
deal in the House. 'Ill
He talks but little inf I
the Senate. Spooner
is an eloquent talker,
and he does well,
notwithstanding his
size. Vance makes
a very good speech.
He is a politician
lrom the word go.
and his orations suit Chandler, K. H.
his constituents. "Wolcott is said to be an ora
tor, but he Is too young in the Senate to.
venture a great effort. The same is truP
with all the new Senators. "When Turpie,
of Indiana, was elected it was said he would
set the Potomao on fire. He has been in
the Senate for several years and the waters
remain unignited. "We expected the same
from Daniel, of Virginia, but he served his
time in the House and came to the Senate,
and the country still waits. Daniel is a
pleasant talker, but not a great orator. His
words are flowery, but his ideas are few.
LOOKS LIKE BEN BUTLER.
Cushman K. Davis makes a tair speech.
He looks like Ben Butler and brings the
experience of a life at the bar to the Senate.
Dawes, of Massachusetts, tears the air as he
talks, and Plumb, of Kansas, needs about
ten square feetof space to talk in. Butler,
of South Carolina, stands as erect and as
graceiul on his one human leg as other men
do upon two, and he uses good language.
"Wade Hampton talks little.
Frank Hiscock weighs a ton when he
takes the floor, and you would think he
owned his party and the President Jones,
of Nevada, goes wild upon silver, and Stew
art lollows suit. Stanford reads his speeches
with his hundred-million-dollar tongue, and
Manderson now and then rises into elo
quence. Eugene Hall and George Gray are
both good speakers. Frye is a good all
round talker, and Randall Lee Gibson can
make as fine a classical effort as any man in
the Senate. Frank G. Carpenter.
Cabinet photos 51 per dozen, prompt de
livery. Crayons, etc., at low prices.
Lies' Gallery,
ttsu 10 and 12 Sixth st.
l ViAl V. ' l" 1
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- , . . ,.
MEN WE DON'T NEED.
The Time Has Come to Place Restric
tions on Immigration.
EFFECT ON THE KATE OF WAGES.
Advantages of Employing Convicts
Eoads and Public Worts.
on
M0XET SENT 0DT OP THIS COUNTRY'
tWRirrmr fob Tim dispatch. 1
The old Know Nothing party died out
years ago as a party, but some of the seed
then sown much of it fell in stony places
and in sandy soil fell in good ground and
is developing into large crops through the
agitation occasioned brought by the landing
on our shores by the hundred thousand, of
foreigners of every degree of worth, poverty
and crime. They are filling our stores, fac
tories, foundries, workshops and are driving
out our American skilled craftsmen and
filling their places with second rate work
men at second-class wages, which of course
degrades the character of the work turned
out; for there is no evidence ot skill and
high finish or of so beautilul a mechanism
in all of its parts turned out in any part of
the world as, is or has been turned out in
this land nf heretofore good wages.
The tariff since the war has been high
enough to protect American labor from for
eign competition, and as a result American
workmen have prospered, and a majority of
mem uwu meir own nomes, nunibie tnouga
many ot them may be. They have hitherto
been able, with hard work good wages,
patience, and. above nil, temperance, to save
enough to buy a little place, and be proud
when they can go home in the evening to
their own home, wife and children.
THE CLOUD THAT THREATENS.
But a great cloud has come upon them,
and hordes of people from every land under
the sun have arrived aud are arriving daily.
The weak and miserable, poor and starving,
maimed, halt and blind, thieves, thugs and
murderers, who have left their country for
their country's good, are swarming in, aud
85 per cent of them settling northeast of the
Mississippi and Ohio rivers, the manufactur
ing center of this country.
Many of these people are criminals from
European jails who are deported and
assisted by the authorities of their own
countries and no difference how careful
the gatekeepers at New York are, they
manage to get in. Many of them are paid
to come here, and we are compelled to keep
up vast prisons, jails, hospitals and reform
atories at great expense to keep ourselves in
ordinary safety, while we keep these
outcasts in idleness and fatten them with
out deriving any benefit lrom them.
The American skilled mechanic has en
dured this invasion because of his spirit
of fairness and the idea that this country
is free to all; but now that they are coming
to see their danger, they are for the present
nonplussed to know what to do, for they see
no way to keep this vast crowd of labor de
pressors out, although Dennis Kearney
kept out the Chinese, which was clearly
against both the Constitution and our
treaty with China.
A PROPOSED REMEDT.
There is a remedy which can be adopted
which would be vsry effectual. The writer
five years ago advocated the assessment of
$500 upon every immigrant who landed in
New York, to be paid back to him when he
left the country. "We don't want any more
offscourings of the world. We have enough,
and more than enough now, and if 5500 was
charged very few would come. Every man
or woman landing on these shores should
have a certificate of moral as well as physi
cal health, and a passport from the country
he or she came from, indorsed by our Con
sul nearest their place of starting. If we
are increasing our population so fast now,
we will have in the year 2000 about 75,000,
000 Inhabitants, and in 100 years from now
there will not be a farm ot any size or value
for our descendants.
"We should all be on the lookout for those
who follow us, as our ancestors worked and
planned for us, and consequently it is the
duty of our Congress and trca'ty-making
powers to stop immigration as far as pos
sible. If the Chinese can be stopped, so can
all the rest of the natives of the earth, and
their rulers would be only too glad to help
us stop it. The Chinese then, and their far
more isnorant persecutors, would be on a
par. We have had more than enough of the
impecunious. Nowlet us try the other kind
awhile.
BENEriTS THAT WOULD RESULT.
If the beggars, iazaroin, thieves and
tramps are kept out, our taxes would be re
duced and our safety more assured; and if
many of the so-called mechauics were kept
out, labor would be advanced and become
more intelligent aud ennobled, and with
higher pay, education and privileges the
workman will hold up his head among the
upholders of the world, for nothing gives a
man more confidence and pride in himself
than the consciousness of his own intelli
gence and ability.
There is outside of the influences above
spoken of, a great cancer eating into the
heart of the Aineric in laborer's cause, and
that is the hordes of Ownnothings, Knichts
of Laziness, Communists, Socialists, Nihi
lists, Ecd Flags, Dynamiters, Land Lotters
and other slyer and more terrible people
who are gathering in our large cities. They
are men without means, without employ
ment or homes or the fear of God, or the law
of the land; without anything except a
frenzy of hate lor anvthing prosperous, re
ligious, law-abiding, better educated, better
clothed, better citizens than themselves, for
almost without exception they are low-class
foreigners, mostly lazy, drunken or crimi
nal, who own nothing.
THE MEN WHO LEAD.
The few exceptions are men who know
what they are about and work their frantic
hearers once in a while to do desperate
deeds, by demagogic and insiduous appeals
to the debased passions of the brntal and
ignorant.
These leaders are generally of the Most
tribe.compelled to leave their own countries
for cause, who make their headquarters in
saloons and whose whole time is given to
working on the passions and sympathies of
their credulous fellow men. American
workmen generally steer clear of these men
and to their credit be it said there are not
verv many of them in Pittsburg.
Emigration from all parts of the world is
presenting a problem for our great political
economists to solve. The great trouble with
most of the criminals, tramps and paupers
is that they would rather die than work.
A sentence lor crime of five years is hard
enough to a criminal, but when hard labor
is attached to it, he frequently squirms.
The sitting down in a warm jail with plenty
to cat and a good warm bed to sleep in for
the winter months is a desirable location for
a trump, but if he is called out to work, his
happiness is ended.
"We have manv country roads to repair
and we have many sewers to lay and streets
to pave and clean, and why not put our
criminal class in jail and workhouse out on
the stone piles aud mudholcs, at suitable
wages, and then after deducting their board
and keeping, pay each man when his time
is out all that he earned net duringhis term,
which will be a something with which to
start out of prison. A man with a few
dollars in his pocket has a feeling of confi
dence in himself.
ADVANTAGES OP CONVICT LABOR.
It would be a freedom from the gloom of
the jail which many would like, and it
would add to their health. It would cer
tainly help the tuxpayers, and it would have
a tendency to make the public acquainted
by sight with the criminal classes, which
would make many of the criminals leave
the town, feeling as though everyone recog
nized them.
Sir Walter Crofton established a system
of rewards and punishments in Ireland I'm
1851. The prisoner's time was divldedoe
tween three prisons. He was compelled in
'tho two first prisons to work, and hard.work
&&J
during bis confinement secured to him
marks for good condnct. He had to have so
many marks before he could advance to the
second-class prison, which is divided like a
college, into classes, through which the
prisoner must go and graduate before he
attains the requisite good marks which take
hini into the next, or graduating class. The
third prison is not like a prison. The pris
oner has no prison garb; there are no
prison walls, no iron bars; guards are
about, but unarmed. Prisoners work about
the farm and are allowed to go out of sight
and on errands, and at the end of their time
less the subtraction for good marks. They
cet their money which they have earned
uunng tneir whole term.
THE PRISON SCHOOL.
Very few attempted to escape, for they
knew their treatment was wise and generous
and that their recapture would set them lar
back again. They had lectures and schools
to go to, and churches to attend on Sabbath;
so that, during their last term, they did not
feel as though the strong hand of the law
was holding them. They saw no evideneas
and felt no restraint, excepting that they
had to work, study and do certain things at
certain hours. This prison school was and
is conducted in the spirit of kindness. The
prisoners were constantly looking forward
to their changes from oneprison to the other;
to their accumulation of good marks, and to
the final release, with money in their
pocKets.
Why could not this plan be tried here?
Our prisoners are as amenable to discipline
as anv other criminals, and no doubt many,
strictly criminals, would be glad of the op
portunity to redeem themselves and pass so
much of their time pleasantly, and by good
conduct and good work expedite their time
for release, while the tramp would feel very
savage if be was compelled to work all
winter in the workhouse, but his reward
would be there in the spring.
PROBLEMS FOR LABOR SOCIETIES.
There are things which laboring societies
should look into. They would not lose a
dollar, but would all gain from the falling
off of the cost of sustaining all of our lazy
criminals. The own-nothings would be thus
doing some good for the householder. Every
man in a community would be made to bear
his share of the burden and heat of the day,
and all people should know that the idle
class is a very dangerous class whether
they are behind the bars or not. It is
that branch of society which causes all cities
to keep up small armies ot police to control
them. That makes necessary multitudinous
courts, with their expensive Judges and of
ficials, sheriffs, deputies, police stations,
wardens and matrons, fire tallyho's, horses,
drivers and guards the Gamewell police
system.
The disorderly and criminal classes could
be in a large measure restrained by hard labor
as a pnnishment, with the hopes of reward
by good behavior; by the ball and cnain
system with labor on public works; or by
the Delaware system of public flogging.
The latter is the most effective, for the de
predator disappears and is hardly ever
known to get a second flogging.
THE FINANCES OF THE PROBLEM.
It is claimed that immigrants have
brought into this country during this cen
tury in money about 500,000,000. And it
is also claimed that the Chinese are drain
ing the country by sending their money to
the Flowerv Kingdom. A Chinaman is
rich with ?700 and independent with 51,000.
If 1,000 Chinamen should go home every
year with $1,000 each the country would be
drained out of $1,000,000 per year. But
look at the vast amount of wore they ac
complish for the good of our Western
friends, especially to gain that amount of
money.
How much of our money goes East? In
a speech in Dublin about 1881 Archbishop
Welsh, in speaking of the generositv of the
Irish people, said that in that year $45,000,
000 had been sent to Ireland by its triends
in America in one year. So that a few
years of that drainage would wipe out all
that the immigrants from all nations have
brought here in three-quarters of a century.
All that comes over in that way goes back
again with moss on it. Bumbalo.
CUEI0S1TKS IX BIRDS' EIES.
TnrlntlODS in Color und Sdze and Extrnor
dinnry IHnrklDCs.
Hardwlcke's Science .Gossip.
It may be taken as a general rule that the
eggs of most birds vary more or less as re
gards size, shape and coloring. Guillemots'
eggs vary in ground color from grayish
white to grass green. The eggs of the red
grouse, the rock and the plover also vary to
a great extent, both in color and marking.
It sometimes happens that birds, whose eggs
are usually bright and artistically colored,
will lay pure white ones, and instances of
this in the case of the yellow hammer have
come under the notice of the writer. House
sparrows' eggs have likewise been taken
quite destitute of coloring; while black
birds' eggs have been found of a blackish
hue.
The white eggs are probably due to
maternal weakness, anxiety, fright, or other
causes; while those of unusual color may re
sult from food-variety and climatic in
fluences. When, however, only one aber
rant egg is found m a nest with several
others of the normal hue it is not so easy to
account for the irregularitv.
Coupled with this variety in color and
marking there is frequently an abnor
mity in shape and size. It is by no
means unusual to find thrushes' eggs
?uitc destitute of spots, globular in
orm, and no larger than a marble; while
others are taken with all the marks and
spots agglomerated into a blotch at the
larger end. But by far the most extraor
dinary markings to be observed in biros'
eggs are due, without doubt, to mimet
ism. The writer bas a guillemot's egg, upon
which are depicted most faithfully, in black
and sepia, ihe numbers 10 and 7 and the
word Joe. These are by no means hiero
glyphics, but are as well executed as many
a schoolboy's figures and writing. Upon
the same egg are also to be seen rude
sketches of heads of several grotesque
ngures.
DEMAND FOR AVAIiNDT LOGS.
Thousands of Strny Trunks (shipped From
Anicilca lo Europe.
It is stated that a practicing attorney of
Sella, la., has made a large amount of
money not only for himself, but for the
Iowans, by buying up the stray walnut logs
of the State and shipping them direct to
Germany and England. Last year between
1.200 and 1,500 carloads were shipped,
nearly all picked up in Iowa.
Few among the early settlers of the State
ever dreamed of the value that walnut trees
would possess, and that within a quarter or
a half of a century after settlement. Thou
sands of line trees were cut down, burned or
allowed to rot on the ground, or split up for
old fashioned rail fences. Now buyers
rummage every mile of territory in the State
to find the logs, aud put tbeni on board the
cars to be carried thousands of miles across
the ocean to be worked up into fine furni
ture for the adornment of European palaces.
KEW LIFE-SAVING DtTICE.
Lines, Projectiles and Prrjoctor Welsh
Lets Than Seven Pounds.
A valuable addition to the modern
devices for the saving of life consists of a
pistol, two lines, each 150 feet in length,
5 shots or arrows, and 25 cartridges, which
are all packed in a box 11 inches long, 8
Inches wide and weighing complete only 6
pounds.. The pistol is of great strength
and is said to throw its projectile as tar as a
rifle. The line is of the best selected
material, warranted not to kink or part in
firirg the shot, while by a special system of
winding, it can be rewound instantly and
rdade to fire again, iu case of failure to
reach the desired place. It can readily be.
operated by one man, the left hand holding
the line and the right hand holding the
pistol.
Blair's Priia Great English coat and
rheumatic remedy. Hare, prompt and effect
ive. Atdrngfciats',
VT8U
TAKING THE ECLIPSE.
Letter From an Astronomer of the
Pensacola's Expedition.
EXPERIENCE WITH THE NATIVES.
The Horning Inspired Hope, But the Aft
ernoon Brought Despair.
A WALK OS THE WEST AFRICAN COAST
rCORKISPOITDKNCB OT THE DISPATCH.!
St. Paul de Loajtda, West Africa, )
January, 23.
HE TJ. S. S. Pen-sacola-,
carrying the
expedition sent out
to observe the eclipse
of the sun, dropped
anchor at Hastote
Bay, 70 miles south
of Loanda, about
noon, December 8.
H. M. S. Bramble,
with Mr. Taylor,
the English astron
omer, on board was
already there. "Very
soon we went ashore
to select a location
for our encampment
and to take sextant
observations for de
termining the posi
tion geographically.
In the course of the
next few days camp
houses and tents
"LnMMh..
"!,
were erected and work of putting up instru
ments begun.
As far as the eye can see no human habi
tation is visible; but one rolling and bound-
. vml fj$&( $r - p
illf?
Jyi
tedf&SeP' rzMC
PROF. ABBE'S METEOROLOGICAL STATION.
less table-land, thickly overgown with Miff
half dead grass from four to six feet high.
Along the shore, strange to say, were the
only elevations that could properly be called
hills. There were tour of them, one a bold
headland, rising abruptly from the water
Cape Ledo itseli; next "Eclipse Knoll" on
the northern declivity of which our camp
was pitched. Between these two is the
Pwiver Suto, while we were there only a dry
river bed, but showing every sign of being
a rushing roaring torrent of water during
the wet or rainy season. Then farther north
the remaining" two hills, at the southern
base of one ot which was Mr. Taylor's
camp.
GAME IN ABUNDANCE.
Quails just such as are on our Western
prairies guinea lowls and rabbits are very
nbundant here. Antelopes are often seen
outlined on the distant horizon; parrots and
cockatoos keep up a continual noise in the
trees around the camp. Wildcats, hyenas
and leopards prowl about fearlessly at night,
The bay abounds with fish. The officers ot
the ship have made good use of these ad
vantages by going hunting nearly every
dav- and beinr crood marksmen thev suc
ceeded in providing the table with venison
and fowl, while the sailors remaining on the
ship brought many a fish from the water to
the frying pan.
There are no marshes or lowlands near,
rnnspnuentlv no malaria, or so-called
Africai fc7er. A more pleasant or more
have been selected, nor one better adapted
to the landing of instruments which had to
be set up and adjusted in a short time. One
day half a dozen natives, with teeth filed to
a point in true cannibal style, came from
far in the interior to take a look at us.
Ever anxious to get photographs of such
novel groups, I began to set up my camera,
but no sooner did I point the lens at them
to take focus than away they scampered, de
feating all my endeavors.
Already Prof. Cleveland Abbe had erected
his meteorological station, and was assidu
ously making observations of the clouds
and " weather. Hour after hour he paces
around "his barrel," but. alas! his zsal was
too strong, and the tropical sun shining
with such uuaccustomed heat npon hip
almost roasted his bare feet and put him in
a sick bed for several days.
A DANGER SIGNAL ASHORE.
On December 14 we had another visit from
a band of natives. These I succeeded in
photographing. That eight and the next
day it was noticed that they lingered around,
having established a camp about a mile
away. On the night of the 16th we all bad
come off to the Bhip, leaving the camp in
charge of the marine guard. The nicrht
was beautiful. Orion looked calmly down
npon us, resplendent with his golden belt
.and diamond-pointed sword. There were
only a few clouds banked in the eait, a few
HIP
The Vegetable Ivory Tree.
in the west, while all the rest of the bine was
sparkling with its twinkling stars. Officers
and members of the expedition were quietly
resting, reading or writing.
Suddenly the watchman reports a danger
signal on shore: "A red rocket was fired."
Immediately on the ship all was commotion.
The order was given to man all boats with
armed crews. Pour such boats full were
sent ashore. We could see a light at the
native's camp at times flashing up bright,
then almost entirely obscured, as though sig
nals were beiug made to negroes in the in
terior. Evidently some trouble was brew
ing. Itockets on shore wre being sent up
thick and fast nnd answering lights dis
played on he ship. The boats are now
near the shore; the men are landing.
soon a shot is heaed,
then another and another. The firing
ceases. Everything seems quiet. Present
ly the boats return and an officer reports:
"All safe; lights brightly burning; every
thing quiet in camp."
The excitement was over. The firing was
not at natives. The red signal was only a
large meteor that had burt and fallen some
distance back of the camp and had been
mistaken tor a rocket by the watchman.
Was not this a thrilling experience with the
cannibals?
But let u apas on to the day of the eclipse,
December 22, 1889. I quote from my journal
written on the evening of that dav: "I
arose at 5 A. 21. At 5:30 the eastern sky be
came of a ruddy tinge showing prospect of a
beautiful day; at 6:00 a little obscured, and
remained so until 11:45, then it began to
clear; the sun came out very bright; raising
the temperature of the air, but freeing it of
its oppressiveness. Our hearts began also to
grow lighter at the prospect of the usually
clear afternoon for a marked characteristic
of the weather at this part ot the coast, and
at this season of the year, seems to be a dark
morning a clear afternoon followed by
clouds trom seaward at sunset and lasting
all night accompanied by rain. Looking,
however, through ruby glass, I noticed quite
a bad skv and leared the result. At dinner
everybody appeared happy; but weary.
The officers detailed from the ship as also the
working men arrived; and while we were
still at dinner the Pensacola steamed out to
sea. We felt that the critical moment was
coming.
Alter
this narrative there is very little
except "cloudy," "caught a glimpse of the
sua through the clouds," etc., etc. How
ever, every man was at his post. Prof. Todd,
assisted by Messrs. Wright and Carbutt, the
photographers, and Van Guysling and Bart
lett, took charge of the double polar axis
and the 25 instruments erected on it. Mr.
Jacoby, assisted by O'Connor, had charge
of the 74-foot Brashear mirror. Prof. Abbe,
with a corps of naval cadets, took a station
on the beach prepared for meteorological
work and for sketching the corona. Prof.
Bigelow and myself had charge of the
40-ioot direct photoheliograph.
AiasI During totality the sun and moon
were entirely obscured by the clouds, but
before and alter totality 110 pictures of the
various phases were obtained with the40-foot
telescope. Such disappointments can only
be lamented, not prevented.
A GLIMPSE OF NATURE.
After the eclipse I felt at greater liberty
to look abont me; so, the next morning I
started for a walk of several miles up the
riverbed into the interior. Gorgeous hued
butterflies flitted about my head; but I no
ticed most of all after getting away lrom the
sea breeze, something which filled the air
like line snow, bnow nine degrees south
latitude! In curiosity I caught a little on
my hand and found that it was a cloud of
very small insects, differing from butterflies
only in size.
Through the grass ran hundreds of lizards
varying in length from one to 11 inches.
Large ant-hills were here and there on the
banks of the riverbed and birds of gay
plumage flitted about in the ivory trees. It
was very enjoyable to walk through and
among these interesting objects of nature,
but as soon as instruments conld be packed
and houses taken down we left for Saint
Paul de Loanda. Herman S. Davis,
Assistant Astronomer.
FLESH fDEJiED TO STONE.
Wonderful Developments In the Petrifaction
of the Human Body.
The old ideaof covering dead bodies with
a film of metal and so rendering their
face and form practically imperishable, bas
lately been revived, but it can hardly be
said to have been received with favor. The
petrifaction of the human body, however,
is a field in which for many years Italian
scientists have worked with no little success.
The process at present adopted is only a
partial rediscovery ot the secret process of
Segato, the Florentine. The body of Joseph
Mazzini was by it turned into almost trans
parent marble, and when on the fifth anni
versary of the death of the patriot his co ffin
was opened in the presence of some of his
faithful followers, they found his face quite
unchanged.
Some of the bodies thns treated are solid,
permanent petrifactions; some are provis
ional, capable ot returning to a fresh condi
tion; all preserve the fullness and trans
parency of life, while most are in a pliable
condition. It Is stated that all the varied
members of the body are hard at first, but
become, after a while supple, and even
capable of furnishing studies in the anatomy
ot muscles, veins and nerves.
Nainrcs Compensations.
.Boston Herald.
At all events the law of compensation
slumbereth not this winter, for, while the
manufacturers of sleighs are nearly dead
broke, the umbrella men say it has rained
dollars on their devoted heads. Perhaps
this is the reason silver knobs and handles
are being called in, and the spring umbrella
is to appear au naturel.
Fjr Sore Tbront.
Saturate a flannel bandage with Chamber
lain's Pain Balm and bind it on the throat.
It will cure any ordinary case in one night's
time. Mr. W. B. Fuller, the leading mer
chant at Greencastle, la., says: "Chamber
lain's Pain Balm is a good one. It cured
me of a violent sore throat. I have sold a
number of bottles for rheumatism, and
always with good results."
SO cent bottles for sale by John C. Smith,
cor. Penn ave. and Main St.; E. G. Stucky,
Seventeenth and Twenty-fourth sts., Penn
ave. and cor. Wyl'e ave- and Pulton st;
Markell Bros., cor. Penn and Prankstown
aves.; Theo. E. Ihrig, 3S10 Filth ave.; Carl
Hartwig, 4016 Butler st.; James L. McCou
nell & Co., 455 Fifth ave., Pittsburg, and
in Allegheny by E. E. Heck, 72 and 194
Federal St.; Thos. It. Morris, cor. Hanover
and Preble aves.; F. H. Eggers, 172 Ohio
st,,and F. H. Eggers & Son, 199 Ohio st.
and 11 Bmithfield st. -irxhsa
CULTCEEOFTHEBODT
Onr Educators Have Adopted
Methods of the Hothouse,
the
LEAVING NATDRE ENTIRELY 0DT.
The Principal Easiness of Childhood and
Youth is to Grow.
SWEDISH SYSTEM OF GTMASTIC3
In the "United States the culture which
children and youths get in the public and
private schools is mainly a hothonse-cultura
a system of mental forcing which is fast
destroying their vital stamina, and render
ing a natural and harmonious development
impossible. Everybody ought to know the
principal business of childhood and youth
is to grow to develop, not the brain merely,
or principally, but the whole being, in sym
metry and goodness; and to do this, fresh
air, sunlight and abundant bodily exercise
are absolutely essential. Bat very few,
seemingly, have any knowledge of the
body's needs, beyond the ordinary supply
of food and clothing.
Fortunately it is not natural for the
weak, diseased or derormed child to remain
weak, diseased and deformed. These are
not natural conditions, and there is a con
stant effort on the part ot nature to substi
tute for them health, strength and harmony.
So in promoting health and cultivating har
mony we simplv co-operate with nature,
throwing ourselves, as it were, into the cur
rent of her tendencies. The human form is
plastic until age has hardened its parts, and,
to a great extent, we may mold it at will.
By the means and methods of a rational
physical culture in the schools we would
most effectually and salutarily act upon it.
We would impart fresh vitality to the lan
guid frame, give strength to the weik
limb; substitnte grace ot motion for awk
wardness; remodel the informed body into
symmetry, and postpone indefinitely the
infirmities and de:ormities of age.
A SYSTEM A CENTURY OLD.
There are a number of forms of physical
education, but that which the Swedish gym
nasts adopted nearly 100 years ago seems to
havo been so perfect that it has never been
changed and has been almost universally
adopted. In 1805, P. H. Ling, scientist,
philosopher, poet and educator, wishing to
put gymnastics in harmony with nature, be
gan to studv anatomy, physiologv and the
other natural sciences at the old University
of Lund in Sweden. His intention was not
merely to make gymnastics a branch of edu
cation, but to demonstrate its virtue as a
therapeutical agent. According to the gen
erally accepted bwedish system, gymnastics
is. therefore, recognized in four large dis
tinctive branches: 1. Pedagogical or edu
cational gymnastics, for the healthy, the ob
ject of which is "to make the body the ready "
servant of the will." This branch is
generally designed or healthy people
of both sexes and of all ages.
2. Medical gymnastics, an auxiliary to med
ical practice, to develop into activity and
harmony the latent or weakened powers of
invalids, deformed or diseased people. 3.
Esthetic gymnastics, for elocutionists, ora
tors, actors, singers, or all those who desire
to illustrate their inner being, thoughts or
feelings bv gesture, posture and general ac
tion. 4. Military gymnastics, for the train
ing of the body in the use of weapons and
in defense nnd offense.
It is the first division that is most sadly
neglected in this country, and it is by far
the most important of the four. Every ex
ercise in the Swedish system is devised con
formably to the natural organization of the
hod-r. It is the naturally suitable, exped
ient and useful that determines the adop
tion of a movement. It has 19 fundamental
and guiding principles, in which the words
harmonious development express the central
idea.
NOT ALL ARE USEFUL.
Any motion within the possibiliir of ex
ecution is not necessarily useful and
healthy, for it may be both injurious and
untesthetic. The exhibitions of acrobats,
clowns, "elastic men," athletes, etc., may
strike us with astonishment and perhaps
compassion, but we can not help ad
mitting that they must nearly all be in
jurious and deranginz to health. Nor do
these "artists," "professors" and athletes
enjoy long the best of health or liye to at
tain hale old age, for the human organism
is not created to iuffer man to climb like an
ape, run like a horse, swim like a fish or
coil like a serpent, although it may in part
lie within the range of possibilitv. There
fore gymnastics proper does not comprise
anv other movements than those with the
fixed aim of "developing the health and
strength of the body so far as the natural
aptitude allows."
Guts Muths, a German writer on gymnas
tics, who flourished in the dawn of the pres
ent century, remarks truly that "one ought
to employ gymnastics in order lo live, but
not live for the practice of gymnastics."
In regard to the organism the Swedish
system is universal. It does not direct
movements toward some exclusive parts (for
one prefers generally to do what he is most
apt to), but directs the exercise of all the
locomotive organs. An organ is not exclu
sively exercised for its own sake, but tor
that of the whole. Consequentlv, as in fenc
ing, which is executed from both sides, right
and left, movements should be done with an
equal regard to both halves of the body in
order to obtain perfect harmony and sym
metry. INTEMPERANCE IN TRAININO.
Nothing is more derogatory to health than
intemperance of training. As womin dif
fers essentially from man, she evidently re
quires a somewhat different physical edu
cation, and the tree exercises of the Swedish
method have" therefore been adopted for
young women with satisfactory rcsnlts in
many countries. In order to reach a
desirable result, it is indispensable to
advance gradually with the exercises;
to commence with the simplest and prepara
tory, and only when these are mastered to
enter npon a grade of more difficult compli
cated movements. It is also desirable to or
ganize the exercises so as to contain a com
plete and, for the body, universal series of
movements at the time of each drill, includ
ing movements for the upper and lower
limbs, the head, the dorsal and abdominal
muscles, balance movements, marching,
respiratory exercises for the lungs and the
respiratory muscles, etc., etc. Although,
sundry simple apparatuses, furnished in a
gymnasium, are very desirable, the
method of the Swedes enables one to dis
pense with a gymnasium altogether, relying
chiefly upon tree standing gymnastics. Tha
easy access of this method of physical edu-
nittlnn tn thf mntf rumnta nnrl vwimit.va
schools is therefore obvious.
THE TEACHERS MUST BE BEACHED.
But before the teachers have become intel
ligently acquainted with proper physical
education, the evils of inactivity and falsa
hygienic conditions must remain. It should '
be a grave concern of school boards, educa
tors, parents, philanthropists and bene
factors to give their most active support to
the establishment of instruction in physical
education for the teachers of the public;
schools in every State of the Union. This
could be accomplished in the seminaries of
the teachers, or in special institutions, re
sembling the Hemingway school of gym
nastics in Boston.
Axel C. Halbecxv
New Things In Note Paper.
There are several striking things In new
note paper, and one of the most striking is m
paper that exactly imitates a thin sheet ot
cork. The Delft note paper has a large de
sign imitated from Delft chins, and tha
back of the envelope is also covered with
designs representing Delft ware. Tha
"filagree" isof a delicate shade of gray, fila
greed with thin lines. Then there is the
leather note paper, which exactly matchsi
Russian leather shoes.
?