HiMfTIl
14
THE PITTSBURG- DISPATCH, SUNDAY, MARCH 9, 1890.
&
f
r
M
IN RSS1ANPRIS0NS,
Cruel Experience of a Young
Exile Xow in New York.
CLEYEE BUSE TO ESCAPE.
He Leaps From a Train After the
Gendarmes Viere Drugged.
JOUENET TO ABROTHERIKSIBERIA
rwHirrcr ros thk disfatcb.1
I am 22 years old, and already exiled for
ever from my country. Four years ago I
was a student in a university in one of the
largest cities in Bussia. In American uni
versities, I understand, it is the custom for
two young men to "chum" together. In
Russia we are not so rich, and three or four
contribute toward the common expenses. I
was one of a group of four. One of these
four was, unknown to the others, a Nihilist.
This could not well happen here. It can
readily happen in Bussia, where one-half of
the population spies on the other half. The
Government has its spies in the schools, the
universities, the streets, the shops, the cafes.
The revolutionists have their spies among
the police, the army, the palace and the
bodyguard itself; that is the reason these
attempts fail so often, not because the Czar
is protected by a special Providence; but be
cause the system of government spies is so
perlrct that it is almost impossible to carry
out an attempt at assassination as arrnneed.
I caught a glimpse of tbe Kusbian "Holy
Czar," or rather 01 the "Tyrant Czar," re
cently. The ruler of Bussia is a pale,
haggard old man, whose face betrays anxiety
and fear. He is trying to forget himself,
not in prayer, but in the arms of "Bacchus."
I think there is no man in America that
would knowingly take up the royal burden.
A BROTHER 12? SIBEKIA.
My brother had incurred the enmity of a
commandant of gendarmes. He had been
arrested as a political suspect, and sent to
Siberia. Since my brother's arrest I had
been, unknown to myself, under police sur
veillance, though I belonged to no nihilistic
circle, read no nihilistic literature, and had
accepted my poor brother's loss as one of
those inevitable cruelties to which the Bus
sian, who is not a noble, is hardened.
One evening, when I came from the thea
ter, I found my room full of gendarmes, who
arrested me at once for a political crime. I
was then and there searched. The police
pulled to pieces everything in the room that
could contain books, pamphlets or papers,
out jounu noining 01 a compromising na
ture. I was then taken before the General
of Police, the man whose enmity had exiled
my brother. He asked me rho my friends
were and what they were doing. I de
manded the cause of my arrest. No ex
planation was given me,and having nothing
to con'ess, I had no information to give. I
was marched eff at once to my cell, to wait
there until I was prepared to enlighten tbe
Government on a subject of which I knew
nothing. I learned, months afterward, that
I had been arrested because, a few days be
fore, written proclamations had been circu
lated by the Nihilists. The handwriting re
sembled mine, and I had been seen purchas
ing 50 postage stamps at one of the Govern
ment offices.
A CELL LIKE A TOMB.
My cell shall I ever forget it? I was
purposely sent to one of the worst, that, be
ing young, I might be frightened into a con
fession. The rack and the whip are not now
used in Bnssia; but there are civilized
methods of torture that can compel conies
sion, as severe as those of the inquisition of
Spain or the secret councils of Venice. I
felt when the door was opened as if I were
entering a grave. Picture to vourself a
cquare hole in the middle of a stone, seven
feet long, six feet wide and six feet high.
For once I blessed my short stature. There
was no window in this hole bnt a glass over
the door; no light but what came from the
oil lamp that bung outside. An iron bed
stead, fastened to the wall, cut off a foot or
so of space from my narrow limits.
Everything is made fast so that the des
perate may not commit suicide, for those
who go insane in prison are not few. A
wooden table was locked to the floor at one
end of the den, and by its side was fastened
a wooden chair. Ou the wall hung an
"icon," a sacred picture of a saint, to en
courage devotion. There was no light for
books or the small indnstries in which pris
oners employ themselves. I was allowed to
do no work. The gilded lines of that hate
ful figure, the only bright object in the
murky darkness, burned themselves into
my brain. Even now they come back to me
at times when I am in total darkness.
A2JOTHEE CAREFUL SEARCH.
On the bed was a straw mattress and two
blankets. On entering the prison I had to
submit to a search in comuarison with which
the search at my room was child's play. I
was even made to open my mouth that the
police might be assured that there was no
dynamite concealed there. They discovered
nothing more formidable than my tongue.
I was allowed to retain my underclothes;
bnt instead of mv outer garments I received
a long woolen robe like a dressing gown.
"With this for day use and mv blankets for
liigbt I was never cold. "Who'could be cold
in an atmosphere like that of my cell? But
if the cell was warm, it washardly drv.
"Water trickled constantly over the stone
walls and waked me by trickling on mvface.
After several weeks ot this solitary confine
ment my nerves became so shattered that
when this happened I would leap from my
bed in shuddering agony. In that damp
cave I contracted an affection of the lungs,
from which I have never recovered.
The meals in a Bnssian prison are s'mple,
and not condncive to dyspepsia. ln the
morning I had black Lread and tea, at noon
cabbage soup, in the evening black bread,
tea and five cigarettes. Soup as the only
dish does not form a very substantial meal.
The soup served to prisoners was simply the
water in which the meat served to the
gendarmes and guards, had been boiled.
Into this, cabbages were cut. It sustained
life, but that was all. The cigarettes were a
boon. In Bussia everybody smokes. I used
to save these cigarettes and smoke them
slowly through the day like a child that
nibbles a bit of barley sugar "to make it
last" Sundav was a gala day. "We had
pork and beans for dinner instead of soup.
Do not imagine the Bussian dish resembles
the Boston one. Our beans were hard and
poor, miserably cooked, with small bits of
pork, the size of dice, buried in a wilderness
of lentiln.
DUMA'S STORT A MOCKERY.
At mealtimes two gendarmes entered and
stood beside me with loaded revolvers, whiie
I made my frugal repast. The -ood was
served in a wooden bowl, and both spoon
- and bowl were instantly removed by the
guards when the prisoner had finfshed.
There is no chance of making chisels out of
one's furniture in a Bussian prison. The
abbe of Dumas' novel would hardly have
constructed that remarkable tunnel from
my cell.
In this hole I lived for months. The cell
doors are not opposite each other, so that it
was impossible lor me to see tbe window of
the man confined across the corridor. More
than this the little window of my cell was
usually occupied by the eyes of agendarme,
who had me under inspection. It is bad
enough to be alone, bnt to be confined with
a pair of silent eyes, is more horrible still.
At first I used to ask the officer of the guard
what my offense was Rnd what would be
my fate, but after having been answered
that I was doomed to Siberia, I learned
wisdom and was silent. My only amuse
ment was the formation of various crazy
plans for escape. How I escaped my lunacy
I hardly know myself.
After I had been confined for two months,
X heard one day, toward evening, a tapping
against the wall of my cell. Those who
have read Mr. Kennau's admirable articles
will know at once what it was, but I did not
guess the cause for some time. Finally 1
guessed that it was some plan of communi
cation from another prisoner, and such it
E roved to be. I need not repeat here what
as been told so well elsewhere of the mode
of talking by taps. There is in nearly every
cell in some obscure corner, observable only
by the eyes of men who, like bats, have
grown used to the darkness, a little plan
scratched in the stone, if by nothing else
sometimes by a broken tooth of a prisoner.
A PERFECT SIGNAL CODE.
In this plan tbe letters are so arranged
that by a combination of taps it is unneces
sary to tap 23 times for the twenty-third
letter. Of course, at first, before I discov
ered the compound method, my next-door
neighbor tapped once for A, twice for B, and
so on. "When once I had mastered this
method of communication I felt no longer
alone. Tapping is forbidden, and the Gov
ernment knows that it exists, but the key of
tbe tapping alphabet they have not yet dis
covered, even through their spies. The wall
separating me from the next cell was the
wall behind my bed, so that, when lying on
the bed. I could tap tbe wall away from tbe
door without being noticed by the gen
darme. One unhappy evening I was discovered,
and the next day was sentenced for punish
ishment to confinement in one of the towers
in the four corners of the enclosure that
walled in the prison buildings. These tow
ers were designed not by men, but by devils.
Iron stairways surround them, on which
the sentries stand day and night. The tow
ers are circular and stand about CO feet in
height They contain from eight to ten
rooms, one on top ot the other. I was led
out of my cell through the corridor, and
thence across the open courtyard. The
glare of light was torment to my
darkness-dulled eyes, and I had to
close them. If the light was a torment,
however, the air was a cordial, and gave
me strength for what was to follow. I
was conducted up the iron stairway to the
fourth cell from tbe ground. There was air
enough there, but if mv first cell was small
this was a pill box. The height was bnt
lour and a half feet, and it was not long
enough for me to lie at full length, and I
am a short man. The diet was bread and
water twice a day. In this torturing den I
was kept three or four weeks, till I lost my
senses from exhanstion. Some time previous
to this I had begun to spit blcod from my
lungs. In spite of the pain of this place of
confinement, it was preferable to the mental
and nervous torments of the dark bole in
which I had been confined. The window
was grated and painted white, but it did
admit light, and there was plenty of fresh
air.
TAKEN TO THE I2JFIRMART.
From the tower I was taken, like a corpse,
to the infirmary. The beds here were sepa
rate and there was at least fresh air and bet
ter food. For breakfast there was white
bread and oatmeal, for dinner beef or some
other good meat, aud for supper white
bread and tea. Sometimes articles were
sent to the sick prisoners by the charitable.
I fell heir to a handkerchief with a coronet
sent by some noble woman who sympathized
with us. Of course it was taken Irom me
when I left the prison, and there was some
excitement iu guessing who the donor was.
The physician who inspected us was a per
sonal acquaintance ot my father's, and I
saw the tears in his eyes when he came to
me. But he could do nothing for me, for
the physicians themselves are watched every
moment by the gendarmes. After two
weeks of hospital life I was sufficiently re
covered to be taken before the authorities
for the "olopros," or official examination,
and then for the first time I learned the na
ture of my crime.
I was too weak to walk, and was carried
to the examination room. It was hung with
black, like the ball of the inquisition. Be
hind the table covered with black sat the
General of Police, the Minister of Justice,
the State Attorney and a secretary, with the
"protokols." I was carried to the prisoners'
cage and made to stand while the charge
against me was read, though I was merci
lully allowed to sit when the questions were
asked. Two gendarmes, with revolvers
loaded, stood one on each side of me, and
two more guarded the entrance. Tne Gen
eral of Police asked the questions and the
attorney wrote down the answers.
TALSE TESTIMONY TO ESCAPE.
At first I declaimed against the czar and
his government, but the pistol barrels
stopped that I was asked if I belonged to
any society, and the names of my friends
and what they had in view. I answered
that I did belong to snch a society, and that
its intention was to kill the czar and destrjy
the govtrnmenL The names of my lriends
I declined to disclose in St Petersburg, but
I promised to do so at Odessa, where, I said,
x need not :ear assassination. All the of
ficers rose when I told these lies, and prom
ised me everything under heaven if I would
disclose then and there; but I stuck to my
purpose. At first they tried to make me
sign my testimony without reading it, but I
declined to sign till I was shown all that
had been written, and then with great diffi
culty, so weak was I, I signed my name.
This false testimony was part of a plan of
escape. Jn spite of constant watching, soli
tary confinement and stone walls, I had
word from my friends, and my escape in all
its details was planned before I had left the
prison. After my examination, I was taken
back to tbe infirmary, and as it was sup
posed that I was going to aid our paternal
Government by betraying my friends I was
fed on the best of fare. Boasted fowls and
good wine came to my table instead of sour
soup and black bread. I kept up an exhi
bition oi sickness as long as possible iu order
to receive the life-giving regimen, but at the
end of three weeks I was unable to sham any
longer, and was pronounced well enough to
move. Since my examination I had got back
my own clothes, and it was in them without
any chains that I was put in a covered
drosky and taken to the railroad station.
DRUGGED THE GENDARMES.
Asquad of cavalry surrounded the vehicle.
xne station was cleared ot people, and a
crowd collected on the outside, believing
that I had attempted to assassinate the czar.
Through a double file of gendarmes I was
conducted to a special car on the express
train. People in the crowd threw me
cigarettes but most of these were kept by my
cuards. At last the train started and we
were fairly on our way, the guards to Odessa
and I to freedom.
In the carriapein the rear were two friends
of mine. The escape had been arranged to
take place after leaving a certain station. I
was to be warned which by hearing at the
station previous the name of the station
called loudly, as if to some tourist, three
times under my window. Finally the
signal came, and at the next stopping
place I was in a tingle of excitement.
The train stopped, and as usual at the
large stopping places one of my three
guards leit the carriage and returned with a
big urn of tea. As usual, also, they offered
me a drink, but I declined. They all crossed
themselves and soon finished the tea.
The train started, and in five minutes mv
three gendarmes were i-ound asleep ancl
snoring. The waiter had been bribed, and
my three gendarmes had taken a pretty sub
stantial dose of laudanum. Once assured
that they were asleep, I made my way
through the little corridor to the rear of the
car, ana watching as well as I could in the
dusk jnmped at last into what looked like a
'soft ditch. It was soft, very soft, I went into
the mud up to my neck. However, I was not
hurt, and in this I was more fortunate than
my friend, who also leaped from the train.
To cover his tracks he had bought a ticket
only halfway to Odessa, and had bribed the
conductor to let him ride further, a practice
common enough in Bussia.
ately assumed a disguise that I might not be
recognized; for within a day or two all the
region along the line of "the railroad on
which I had traveled was placarded with
offers of a reward of 2,000 roubles for infor
mation that would lead to my capture.
At that time the unfortunate Hebrews in
Odessa were undergoing that strange perse
cution that attracted the attention of the
civilized world. Mobs formed in the streets,
largely of students. I saw a "Cossack"
strike'with his riding whip a student who
was protectingsomeHebrews.and I fired a re
volver at him. Amounted officer, whoml
afterward discovered to be the General in
charge of the garrison, a coward who sends
people to Siberia, only to obtain the title of
a Governor of the State, saw me fire the shot
and rode his horse at me. Then I remem
bered what in my excitement I had forgot
ten, that I had about me the names of peo
ple who would give me assistance, and con
siderable correspondence that would in
sure the arrest of some of my friends. I
ran like a bare down the street, but four feet
are better than two, and, as the fleet horse
overtook me, scarcely knowing what I was
about, I leaped to one side and leveled a
blow at my pursuer. My heavy student's
staff fell with a thud on the General's illus
trious leg, and at that appropriate moment
his borse slipped and fell. I did not wait
to see his fate, but, knowing that now death
within 24 hours awaited me. I again took to
my heels, and dodging and doubling, es
caped my pursuers, and at last gained the
open country and the woods, where I strug
gled on till I fairly fell from exhaustion.
HELP PROM A SMUGGLER.
I passed the night in the open air where I
fell, and awoke in the morning racked in
every joint by pain and stillness, I hob
bled along with my back to the rising sun
till I saw smoke issuing from a cabin. I
went boldly to the "hut" and told the
woodman who came to the door that I
was an escaped prisoner from a "con
voy" on the way to Siberia a pretty sure
passport to the kindness and hospitality of
the ordinary Bussian peasant. I remained
with him two days. He informed me at
length that he was a smuggler, and offered
to show me a secret way across the boundary.
I was obliged to swear secrecy on the blade
of a dagger, and to promise that I would
from the other side aid him to secure contra
band goods. How I was to do this lam
sure I don't know. On my oath the smug
gler closed his cabin, and we pursued our
way through paths and lonely roads aud
across treacherous quicksands till we were
fairly across the Austrian frontier. Here I
bade goodbv to my friendly guide and
scrambled along to the first railway town,
where I used what little money I had to
procure a ticket to a point as near Vienna at
possible. I got no further than Broad.
There I was at my wits end. The town was
full of starving Hebrews, who had fled from
Odessa. Suffering for food I went with
them up and down the streets asking for
bread. On the day on which I took to pub
lic mendicancy an order had been issued to
arrest these pauper immigrants and to ship
them back to Odessa, another cowardly act
from a crowned head, Franz Joseph.
THE DISGUISE DISCOVERED.
I was seized with the rest and sent back.
At the Odessa prison I was, with the others,
stripped and put through the bath. My
false beard aud assumed complexion was re
moved in the process. My photograph was
at once forwarded to St. Petersbunr, and
was recognized as that of the wicked Nihi
list who leaped from the train. My com
plicity in the unhappy accident that kept
the commandant of the garrison in bed for
six months was never suspected, and all tbe
proofs of mv personality as the assailant
were left behind in the bath.
1 1 was sent back to St. Petersburg, this
time not only in a special car, but in a
special train. Surrounded by a body of
cavalry, I was conveyed to the Petro
Paulorsky Prison, whose cruelties any per
son having read the articles of Mr. Ken'nan
can sufficiently comprehend. I was taken
at once before the governor of the prison and
told to name those who had aided my escape.
Of course I refused. I was then taken to
my cell. "When compared with the first
cell previously described, this narrow room
was luxurious. The food, however, was the
same, and the inspection, if possible, more
rigorous.
After six months' further imprisonment,
no proof of any conspiracy or Nihilistic
knowledge beingfound, they read me a par
don from the Czar. But what kind of a
pardon? I was sentenced to life-long ban
ishment from all Bussian cities, to live in a
small town called Ponievez, in tbe Govern
ment of Kovno, to be there under constant
police surveillance. If the police demanded
that I report to them every half hour during
the day I was obliged to do it. All my po
litical and civil and nearly all my natural
rights, my entire property, or rather that
which I should have inherited, had been
confiscated. I had no redress for any injury
done to me. And yet my sentence was a
light one in comparison with my brother's.
His fate and my own killed our father with
erief. Il I had been 18 when arrested noth
ing could have saved me from the terrors of
Siberia.
THE CZAR'S LIBEEAL-MINDEDNESS.
This was the mercy of Alexander III,,
the personal friend of Colonel de Arnaund,
of 'Washington, who claims that the Bussian
Czar is liberal-minded.
How can I relate with the pen my feelings
on again seeing my dear parents whom I had
last seen in comfort and happiness, their
hair turned white and all their children
banished or dead. One of my brothers es
caped to France in 1872 and died i'h 1885,
without a mother's kiss or a father's bless
ing. Another brother is banished to Siberia
for 20 years. I was sent to my home the
same week after 18 months' imprisonment
and cruelty, only because they thought I
belonged to a Nihilist society. "When I
reached home I was taken eight or nine
times daily before the police, until having
accumulated moneyenoughforthe necessary
bribes, at last, for a large sum, I finally
bribed them and made my way to Siberia to
try to help my brother. I found it impos
sible to aid him to escape, but having eluded
police surveillance in my escape to "Siberia,
I was in no mood to return to it In Bussia;
so I made my way, under an assumed name
and in disguise, through China, thence to
San Francisco. And at last I reached the
great metropolis of America, New York.
I bear on my body to-day the marks of
imperial cruelty, inflicted for no crime save
that Iloved mv liberty too well to deny my
birthright; and if to-day I am alive and
free, it is only because I have, reached the
land where tyranny is unknown.
L. Louis, B. C. P.
THE CITY OF BOGOTA.
One of the Host Interesting Spots in
Both the Americas.
RELIGION OP THE OLD CHIBCHAS.
Machinery of Every Kind Carried Piece
meal Over the Mountains.
SOME NOYEL STREET CAE BI8TEMS
COr.RESrONDEh'CE OF TUB DISPATCH.
Bogota de Santa Fe., )
Colombia, February 3.
OLOMBIA'S capital.yclept
the city "of Holy Faith,"
occupies a detached plateau
of the Andes, 8,750 feet above
the level of the sea. Away
up here, half a mile higher
than the very top of Mount
"Washington, one can almost
imagine one's self in the
North Temperate zone, bo
thin, pure and cool is the at
mosphere. Though only a
few degrees from the equator,
the temperature averages 50
Fahr. and most ot the north
ern products are found,
flourishing amid a surprising
profusion of tropical fruits
and flowers.
This mountain valley is
doubly interesting as having
been the traditional heaven
of the Chibchas, the ancient
people who inhabited this
region in the morning twi
light of history. Queseda
tells us that at the time of
the conquest (in 1537) they
numbered about three-quarters
of a million. Here stood
their sacred city, called Bo-
present capital, which occu-
green painted windows latticed like those
of prisons, between whose bars one sees
peering eyes, the beautiful, dark eyes of
Colombian women, full of wondering curi
osity at sight of "las estrangeras Ameri
canas." Though built of adobe, and unpre
possessing in outside appearance, there are
many elegant homes in Colombia's capital,
spacious and well furnished. The prevail
ing style of architecture is, of course, that
which the Moors bequeathed to the early
Spaniards, every house like a fort, its bare,
blank walls, built flush with the pavement,
carefully concealing from the passerby every
trace of home life; while within are bloom
and beauty, sunshine and cheerfulness.
Those casas that exult in the luxury of a
second story, and there are more of them in
Bogota than one often find3 in a Spanish
American city, have no windows on the
ground floor, the rooms fronting the street
being used for shops, warehouses and
stables, for the proprietors and their families
always prefer to live above.
Even tbe biggest and grandest of these
houses have never more than one entrance,
and that consists of a pair of enormous
double doors, often elaborately carved, open
ing upon a narrow passage paved like the
street, which leads into the central court, or
Statue of
Bolivar.
cat-a; and the
pies nearly the same site, evidently took its
name from the older one, though the cor
rupted modern word has quite a different
sound, the accent being given ou the final
syllable.
IT "WAS A CURIOUS RACE.
They were a enrious race, those long-dead
Chibchas, given to agriculture and the
peacciul arts and with a form of govern
ment essentially patriarchal. Their most
ancient imperial capital, tbe residence of
the Emperor, was not Bocata, where the
temples stood and the priests dwelt, but
Maneuita on the opposite side of the plain.
near the present village of Faunza. Their
faith seems to have been a strange mixture
of ancient Buddhism, modern theosopby and
Bible Christianity, but included no san
guinary sacrifices like those that marked the
rituals of many of the neighboring tribes of
Central aud South America.
In Bohica, their elysium (supposed to be
literally located on this high plateau), they
had a divine Mediata, or deity of mercy,
corresponding somewhat to Christ, the Naza
rene. Like all other races, they, too, had a
tradition of the flood, and a character closely
resembling the Hebrew Noah, the Greek
Ducalaine and the Mexican Cojcoj: and to
complete the scheme ot salvation, they be
lieved also in a spirit of evil, akin to the
scriptural Satan, who was forever striving
to get the better of the higher powers, with
more or less success. Their god of science,
as typified by earthen images, was almost
identical with the Buddhist god of wisdom,
represented in the idols that are to-day
found in many Chinese temples; while their
Chibchacum was a facsimile of the Budd
hist god of agriculture.
The most splendid temple of old Bocata,
consecrated to the god of agriculture, stood
near the site ot tbe present grand cathedral
in the center of the modern capital. Thither,
twice every year, went the Emperor, his
chief caciques and all the royal retinue, to
offer oblations to tbe deity who was believed
to preside over the harvests, a ceremony not
unlike the "moon feasts" that are yet cele
brated in many of the interior districts of
China.
THE EFFECT OP CLIMATE.
The present inhabitants ot the Bogota
plain seem a totally different people from
any we have previously met in Colombia;
possessing a deal more energy and a disposi
tion to keep up within hailing distance of
the times. Here agriculture and the useful
arts are at least a century ahead of their
Eractice in the torrid valleys and along the
urning coast The wooden shovel and
clumsy forked stick have given place to the
iron spade and patent plow; and the quintas
(farms) inclosed within substantial walls of
stone or adobe, have spacious houses that
wear an air of palatial elegance compared
with the mud and bamboo huts along the
great rivers. "While the laziest race might
work to some advantage so near the stars as
A Colombian Beauty.
OFF TO ODESSA.
Making for the woods, we struggled
to
the first little town and there hired a "kibit
ka" and went straight to Odessa, as the
place of all others where we were the least
Hkely to be looked for. My poor companion
had but $37, an amount barely enough to
take us to Odessa; and so, though forged
passports had been provided for us, I was
obliged to await in Odessa till remittances
arrived from some friends. In Bussia there
is a sort of Iree masonry among the students.
so I was at once welcomed among the
friends of my mend, and of coarse immedi-
Rbcumnti.m In Nebraska.
My wife was so badly afflicted with rheu
matism as to be unable to move in bed with
out assistance. Our druggist, Mr. Lad
damns, recommended Chamberlain's Pain
Balm, which greatly relieved her. "We
have used six bottles at various times, and
would not be without it at hand. Jas. Cole
man, Lowell, Neb.
60 cent bottles for sale by John C.
Smith, cor. Penn ave. and Main st; E.
G. Stucky, Seventeenth and Twenty
lourth sts., Penn ave., and cor. "Wylie ave.
and Fulton st; Markell Bros., cor. Penn
and Frankstown aves.; Theo. E. Ihrig, 3610
Fifth ave.; Carl Hartwig, 4016 Butler st;
Jas. L. McConnell & Co., 455 Fifth ave.,
Pittsburg, and in Allegheny by E. E. Heck,
72 and 194 Federal st; Thos. E. Morris,
cor. Hanover and Preble aves.; F. H. Eg
gers, 172 Ohio st, and F. H. Eggers & Son,
199 Ohio st, and 11 Smithheld st wrhsu
One of the Natives.
Eeal India Silks In this department
will be found tbe choicest assortment of this
desirable fabrics shown. Designs exclusive,
qualities superb, colorings exquisite.
TTSSU HUGU8 & HACKE.
For a finely cut, neat-fitting suit leave
your order with "Walter Anderson, 700
Smithfield street, whose stock of English
suitings and Scotch tweeds is the finest in
the market; imported exclusively for his
trade. su
Highest prices paid for ladies' or gent's
cast-off clothing at De Haan's Big 6, "Wylie
ave. Call or send by mail. wsu
'J
A Good Wmch for 84,
At Hauch's, No. 295 Fifth are. Established
1B53. - WPBtl
Bogota, "the most energetic Yankee would
soon lose his vaunted "vim" and become
utterly shiftless under the influence of the
tropic sun iu the humid low lands near the
equator.
Mr. Scruggs, late Consul from the United
States to Colombia, from whom much of the
data I am using has been derived, says that
though pare and exhilarating, this climate
'is not conducive to longevity, or to mental
activity. He adds: "A man, for instance,
who has been accustomed to eight hours
daily labor in New York or "Washington,
will here find it impossible to apply himself
closely more than five hours each day. If
he exceeds that limit, ominous symptoms of
nervous prostration will be almost sure to
follow."
I have, myself, observed the same thing
in other high altitudes of the far South, that
people of ordinarily calm temperament
when in the North, speedily find themselves
mere bundles of nerves, strung to such ( ten
sion as to induce excessive irritability, in
somnia, and mental exhaustion, even with
out any special strain, mental or physical.
This old Bogota somehow presents an Ap
pearance of unusual picturesqueness, though
in a land where all things are as quaint is
was Egypt in the days of Moses. Its narn
row and crooked streets, winding uphill
and down, are paved with the sharpest of
small stones, that make pedestrians feel
like penitential pilgrims on their way to
Mecca with peas in their shoes; and in the
middle of each street is cut a deep ditch or
channel, through which the melted snows
of the near-by mountains dance in noisy
rivulets. The city has a population o'f
something over. 100,000, and iu many re
spects is quite modern, in others fully 200
years behind the times.
HOW THE HOUSES ARE BUILT.
Its white walled casas are mostly of one-
patio, around which the house is built and
with which all its apartments directly com
municate. The court has its fountains,
shrubs, flowers, bird-cages and hammocks.
The family life practically goes on'out of
doors, but in strictest privacy so far as the
outer world of the street is concerned, be
cause of the high, window-less walls.
The city is constructed alter no regular
plan, but straggles down a gently sloping
hillside, with three considerable streams
running through it. Its streets are named
after the saints, famous public men, or the
dates of decisive battles such, for example
as the Calle de San Juan Bautista (St.
John street), Bolivar street, Fifth of May
street, etc. A distinctive feature of Bogota
is its eucalyptus trees, of the globulus
variety, which, interspersed with a few
sickly willows, shade every avenue. Less
than a quarter of a century ago the first
eucalyptus was introduced here, and now
there are thousands of those scraggy,
melancholy-looking trees.
ALL CARRIED UP THE MOUNTAINS.
There are telegraphs and telephones,
electric lights, street cars and newspapers
away up herejand yet every bit of freight
has to be laboriously lugged over the Sier
ras on the backs of men or mules, as de
scribed in a previous letter. On this point
let us again quote Mr. Scruggo. He says,
"None ot the commodious coaches and om
nibuses and not one of these agricultural
implements were manufactured here nor
elsewhere iu Colombia. They have all
been imported from the United" States and
England brought to Honda bv the river
steamers, then repacked into small sections
and carried, piece by piece, over the moun
tains. One peon will carry a wheel,
another an axle, a third a coupling
pole or single-tree, while the screws
and bolts, packed in small bole?,
are toted by the cargo mules. The upper
body of the vehicle is likewise taken to
pieces and packed in sections. One man
will sometimes be a month in carrying a
wagon wheel from Honda to Bogota, his
method being to tug it from 50 to 100 paces
and then to sit down for a long rest, barely
making two miles a day. "When all the dis
membered vehicle finally reaches its desti
nation the pieces are collected and put to
gether by some smithy, who may have
learned his art fron an American or English
mechanic. One scarcely knows which ought
to be the greatest marvel, tbe failure to
manufacture all .these things in a country
where wood and iron and coal are so abund
ant or the obstacles that are overcome in
their successful transportation from foreign
countries."
Notwithstanding the enormous cost of
constructing street car lines in this isolated
place each rail being tbe load of half a
dozen men during several days of difficult
mountain climbing they have proved a
very profitable investment to the company
of New York capitalists who own them.
There are few carriages in Bogota, not only
because the stony streets would soon wreck
the strongest vehicle, but on account of the
great expense of bringing them here.
HOW STREET CARS ARE RUN.
Therefore everybody patronizes the horse
cars, and the tariff charged for a ride,
whether it be for five miles or a block, is a
Colombia real, a coin which equals in value
about 10 cents American money. The
horsecar drivers carry tin horns, which they
are continually tooting with might and
main to notify people in their houses of the
train's approach. Throughout all Spanish
America the street cars are never run
singly but always in groups; that is, instead
of sending out cars five minutes apart, they
wait altogether at the station half an houror
more, and then all sally forth at once, six
or eight of them close behind one another,
to the other end of the line, where they wait
in a group as before. But in this Arcadia
nobody is ever in a hurry. Often the
whole'string of cars is halted while some
body who is coming finishes his chat en
casa and goes through with the elaborate
and long-winded adieux which are the
fashion among these excessively polite
Castilanoes. And whenever a passenger
gets off, especially if it be a female, another
wait ensues while she embraces all her
acquaintances who may chance to be in the
same car and exchanges with them the
customary kisses and "come and see me's."
The other day we visited the barracks,
whose lofty blank walls line one side of a
pretty plaza. Among other curiosities we
were shown some old bronze carronades, one
of which is highly prized for its history an
inscription ou the breech showing that the
Spaniards captured it from the French at
the battle of Paira. The artillery of the
Colombian Guard are furnished with Arm
strong mountain guns and a few Gatlings.
Among the latter oue whose vicissitudes
deserve especial mention.
troops. Then 12 strong men took it on their
shoulders, ostensibly to carry itoyerthe hills
to the new church, bnt it soon found its way to
the Conservative camp, and shortly after, at
the battle of Garapata, it did terrible exe
cution against the very men through whose
carelessness it had been allowed to pass.
A HISTORIC CONTENT.
A little way from the barracks is one of
the most interesting structures in Bogota
the old convent of San Diego, which is now
used as a hospital for the poor. This ancient
pile was the headauarters of the army which
'defended the Colombian capital in the war
of 1860. It was finally captured by General
Mosqnera; but being considered the key to
the position, was seized only after great
slaughter.
In the convent garden there is an old
stone crucifix which so says tradition
was used by the cruel Spanish conquerors as
a whipping post for tbe subjugated Indians.
For any fault, real or imaginary, the victim
was compelled to kneel at the loot of the
cross and to put his arms around it, when
his hands were securely tied on the other
side. Lashes were then administered on his
bare back; and inthe intervals of tbe pun
ishment, when his tormenters stopped to
rest, he was compelled to repeat the creed
and a number of prayers, alter which the
whipping was recommenced.
A Protestant school now occupies part of
the huge convent; and what was once its
garden a space 150 yards square is used
lor a market place. Fannie B. "Ward.
From Ibo Everglade of Florida
To the forests of Maine, malaria stalks on the
mists that rise from morass, bottom land and
fen. Hostetter's Stomach Bitters renders the
aerial poison innocuous, and uproots it from
tbe system. It rectifies the liver, whose dis
order is an invitation to tho disease, strength
ens the nerves, and fortihes the system gen
erally. It remedies, also, rheumatism, bilious
ness, kidney complaints and dyspepsia.
NEW ADVERTISEMENTS.
Ladies' Shoulder Capes New styles
for spring, plain and trimmed, in both light
and dark colors, just opened.
TTSSU HUGUS & HACKE.
SCOTT'S
Of Pure Cod Liver Oil with
Hypophosphites
Of Lime and Soda.
There are emulsions and emulsions,
and tliere is still much shimmed tnlllc
which masquerades as cream. Try as
they will many manufacturers cannot
so disguise their cod liver oil as to malie
it palatable to sensitive stomnclis. Scott's
Emulsion of PUKE NORWEGIAN COD
LIVER OIL, combined with Hypophos
phites is almost as palatable as milk.
For this reason as well as for the fact
of the stimulating qualities of the Kypo
phosphltes, Physicians frequently pre
scribe it in cases of
CONSUMPTION,
SCROFULA, BRONCHITIS and
CHRONIO COU OH or SEVERE COLD.
All Druggists sell it, hut be sure you get
uki yenuine, ui were are poor imitations.
OC2-28-XWFSU
Who Value a Refined Complexion
MUST-USE.
Ca jf cr-3"'-? fMj sGSk. St H S3 3 jSbk
MEDICATED
It Imparts abrilllant transparency to the
skin Itctnoves all pimples, freckles, and
dlscolorations, and makes the skin delicate
ly soft and beautiful. It contains no limo,
white lead or arsenic. In three shades;
pink or flesh, white and brunette.
FOE SALE BY
Ul Druggists and Fancy floods Dealers Everywhere.
BEWARE OF IMITATIONS.
fe20-39-TTSu
I story, with projecting roofs of red tiles, and j titude, including a battalion oi Government
STORY OP A GATLINO GUJT.
During the last general revolution the
conservative party (which included the
church element and was opposed to the so
called "liberal" government), received in
formation that a Gatlinz gun, which should
have been delivered to the Government long
before the revolution began had at last
arrived at Barranquilla aud was about to
be shipped up the river to Honda. Now,
the insurgents were wofully short of muni
tions of warfare, aud had almost nothing
lor use in the interior; therefore, they deter
mined to possess themselves of that blessed
gun. But how to do it was the question
especially since it must come through
Honda, which at that time was the main
stronghold of the Government forces.
They hit upon a plan which never could
have been carried out except In a country
like this, where men's minds are densely
clouded with religious superstition. The
revolutionists sent secret dispatches to their
sympathizers on the coast; and these having
received the gun from the ocean steamer,
transferred H by night from its original case
to another big box, which they labeled as
containing the image of a 6aint, designed for
ai church that was being built at Manza
nares; and thus they shipped it up the Mag
dalena. On its arrival at Honda other un
suspected rebel agents received it with sol
emn religious ceremonies and carried it
through the streets to the cathedral, where
they deposited it on the platform In front.
There it remained all day, and was pub
licly blessed and sprinkled with holy
water, mine presence oi an assembled mul
WE HAVE JUST RECEIVED THE
MOST COMPLETE ASSORT
MENT OF FINE
CHINA!
Ever shown in this city. Our stock em
braces all the latest and
Most Desirable Goods
In the Market,
And we invite the ladies of Pittsburg and
Allegheny to call and examine.
R. P. Wallace & Co.
an WOOD STREET
102 and 104 THIRD AVE.
fel6-wrsa
PERTINENT LINES
MANY HEADERS.
THE FOLLOWING EXPLAINS ITSELF:
GRAND RAPIDS, MIOH.,
MARCH 4, 1890.
MBSSRa HOPPER BROS. & CO.,
PITTSBURG, PA:
"We are compelled to dispose of our stock FOR SPOT CASH, to
meet urgent demands. Numbers 90, 100 and 105 suits, in solid oak,
antique goods, -which you have handled, will close out at 60 cents on
the dollar. Telegraph answer.
SHAWNEE FURNITURE COMPANT.
OUR ANSWER BY TELEGRAM:
PITTSBURG, PA, March 4, 1890.
SHAWNEE FURNITURE COMPANY,
GRAND RAPIDS, MICH.:
If in as good condition as goods formerly shipped us, will take all
of each number. HOPPER BROS. & CO.
In answer to the above, we received the follow
ing letter:
GRAND RAPIDS, MICH.,
MARCH 5. 1890.
HOPPER BROS. & CO.,
PITTSBURG, PA:
GENTLEMEN Your offer of the 4th inst accepted; accept our
thanks; first carload ot about 60 suits will be shipped to-morrow; other
carloads as soon as they can conveniently ba put through the finish
ing room. Hope you may be able to dispose of them to good advantage.
Very thankfully yours,
SHAWNEE FURNITURE COMPANY.
Look Out for mm
ams!
in aea lioom Furniture in the very near future. BUY NOW. We
have plenty of room to store for future delivery. Look, admire, and
be astonished at the prices:
If Ehui p -
r pS tar .Eg? I
mi ajjPa' "j
'IT T9 PMQr9-StOCO
3 Pieces finished Antique Oak, German Bevel
Glass, Only $12.50.
And again be dumfounded
This suit formerly sold by us at 822,
these
i I 1 1 1
More Substantial
YwSSSSSg-
Evidence.
Mr. E. G. Shade, a well-known young man
who lives at No. 50 Gregory street, Southsiae,
has been tp-u sufferer Irom catarrh. He
was troubled with a
mattery secretion
dropping from his
bead into his throat,
and his throat was
often dry and
parched. He had
much nasal d i s
cbarge, and was ter
ribly annoyed with
sneezing. He had
dizziness and often
felt sick atbis stom
ach. Hehadatired
feeling, and as bis
liver became torpid
be bad a very sallow
comDlesion. His
E. G. Shade. sleep was much dis
turbed. He tooir cold very easily and often
felt a pain in bis lungs. In fact he continually
crew worse nntil hi lungs became very weak.
It was while in this condition that ho began
treatment with the catarrh specialists at 323
Penn avenue, of the result he says: "This is to
certify that 1 have been cured of tbo above con
ditions. . G. EJHADE."
Hundreds of similar cases have been
cured within tbe past year by the phy
sicians of tbo Catarrh and Dyspepsia Institute.
Many testimonials have been published In tbe
papers and hundreds of others are on fllo at their
ofQce, and which, with the crowds of people
who daily assemble at tbe parlors of this medi
cal Institution, is the best evidence ot success.
Remember these physicians have bnt one of.
flee in this city and which Is permanently
located at 323 Penn avenne.
Consultation free to all. Patients treated suc
cessfully at Tiome by correspondence. Bs
member tbe name and place The Catarrh and
Dyspepsia Institute. 323 Penn avenue, Pitts
burg. Bend .two 2-cent stamps for question
blank. Office hours, 10 A. M. to i P. jr., and 8 to
8r,ic Sundays, 13 to IP. If. mH7-xir7sa
3 Pieces Antique Oak Finish, Large German Bevel Glass, Only
$18; formerly sold by us at $28.
Truly, this Is a rare treat for buyers. No discounts allowed on tho
above suits for cash.
More bargains to follow of a better class of Oak Suits, samples of
whioh can be seen on our floors at present; also the largest selection of
PARLOR FURNITURE,
Our own make. In full suits or odd pieces Sideboards, Wardrobes
Chiffoniers, etc. '
The neatest and prettiest selection of CARPETS in the city at prices
that sell on sight. Chenille and LACE CURTAINS in great variety.
RUGS of every description. BEDDING- of all kinds. Our own city
make of STOVES, RANGES and COOKING UTENSIL& In fact, every
thing to furnish a house complete.
CASH OR CREDIT.
HOPPER BROS. &C0
S07 WOOD STEEET S07
NEAR CORNER FOURTH AVENUE.
N. B.-A full line of BABY CARRIAGES now open for Inspeotion.
We are also agents for the Great Davis Sewing Machine, the peer of
all machines, light running and durable, 820 less than any maohine la
the market
S)b9
., --,. ihj.
" IM i ii i ' jjiaii mi jinn i ii il, ran i, iiiBHTMlMWrMrMiirjBlBHIMrBBBflJBMBldBBBIMWWW